WO2015029436A1 - 位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
位相差フィルム、偏光板および液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015029436A1 WO2015029436A1 PCT/JP2014/004424 JP2014004424W WO2015029436A1 WO 2015029436 A1 WO2015029436 A1 WO 2015029436A1 JP 2014004424 W JP2014004424 W JP 2014004424W WO 2015029436 A1 WO2015029436 A1 WO 2015029436A1
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- 0 *(C1CCC(*Oc2ccccc2)CC1)Oc1ccccc1 Chemical compound *(C1CCC(*Oc2ccccc2)CC1)Oc1ccccc1 0.000 description 12
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1O IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation film, a polarizing plate, and a liquid crystal display device.
- liquid crystal display devices are required not only to improve the contrast of the display screen but also to be thinner. Along with this, there has been a demand for thinner components of liquid crystal display devices; in particular, thinner polarizing plates.
- the polarizing plate is usually a polarizer, a retardation film (F2 or F3) disposed on the surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a protective film (F1 or F4) disposed on the surface opposite to the liquid crystal cell. including.
- a retardation film F2 or F3
- a protective film F1 or F4
- a retardation developing agent for example, a compound having a quinoxaline skeleton (for example, Patent Document 1), a compound having only one biphenylene skeleton (for example, Patent Document 2), and the like have been proposed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a retardation film having a high retardation value even if the thickness is small, in which precipitation of the additive on the film surface after stretching is suppressed.
- a retardation film comprising a cellulose ester and a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- L 2 represents —R 9 — (OR 10 ) n—
- R 9 and R 10 each represents an alkylene group which may have a substituent having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1 );
- L 1 and L 3 each independently represents an alkyl group having a substituent having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms;
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- the retardation film according to [1] further including one or more heterocyclic compounds having a ring atom atom containing a nitrogen atom.
- the retardation R0 (590) in the in-plane direction measured at 23 ° C. and 55% RH at a wavelength of 590 nm is 20 to 130 nm, and is defined by the following formula (II).
- the retardation film according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the retardation Rt (590) in the thickness direction measured at 23 ° C. and 55% RH at a wavelength of 590 nm is 100 to 300 nm.
- R0 ( ⁇ ) (nx ⁇ ny) ⁇ d
- Rt ( ⁇ ) [(nx + ny) / 2 ⁇ nz] ⁇ d (Where ⁇ indicates the wavelength of the measurement light; nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane; ny represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the film plane; nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film; d indicates the thickness of the film)
- a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and the retardation film according to any one of [1] to [4] disposed on one surface of the polarizer.
- the protective film further includes a protective film disposed on the other surface of the polarizer and having a moisture permeability of 20 to 120 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h at 40 ° C. and 90 RH% measured according to JIS Z 0208.
- a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell, and a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate sandwiching the liquid crystal cell, wherein the first polarizing plate includes the first polarizer, Including a protective film F1 disposed on the surface of the first polarizer opposite to the liquid crystal cell, and a retardation film F2 disposed on the surface of the first polarizer on the liquid crystal cell side, The second polarizing plate is opposite to the second polarizer, the retardation film F3 disposed on the surface of the second polarizer on the liquid crystal cell side, and the liquid crystal cell of the second polarizer.
- a retardation film according to any one of [1] to [4], including one or both of the retardation film F2 and the retardation film F3. Liquid crystal display device.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a retardation film having a high retardation value even if the film thickness is small because precipitation of the retardation developing agent on the film surface after stretching is suppressed.
- the present inventors suppress the precipitation of the compound represented by the general formula (1) even when the film containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) as an additive is stretched at a high temperature. I found out that
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) has a large C—H interaction between the aromatic ring of the biphenylene group and the sugar ring constituting the cellulose ester.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) Since it has a flexible structure in which two biphenylene groups are linked by a chain-like connecting portion, it can be considered that the cellulose ester molecules can be cross-linked in a pseudo manner, and 3) it is difficult to self-aggregate.
- the present inventors have found that the compound represented by the general formula (1) not only hardly precipitates itself, but also can suppress the precipitation of other additives such as a phase difference increasing agent. . This is because the compound represented by the general formula (1) increases the interaction between the ring structure of the other additive and the aliphatic ring structure of the cellulose ester; It is thought that it is for holding.
- the retardation film of the present invention contains a cellulose ester and a compound represented by the general formula (1), and may further contain other additives such as a retardation increasing agent and a plasticizer as necessary. Good.
- Cellulose ester is a compound obtained by esterifying cellulose and aliphatic carboxylic acid or aromatic carboxylic acid; preferably aliphatic carboxylic acid. That is, the cellulose ester preferably contains an aliphatic acyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic acyl group is preferably 2 to 7, more preferably 2 to 6, and further preferably 2 to 4.
- Examples of the aliphatic acyl group include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butanoyl group, and the like, and preferably an acetyl group.
- the aliphatic acyl group may be only one type or two or more types.
- cellulose ester examples include cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate butyrate, and the like, and cellulose acetate is preferred because it easily develops a phase difference.
- the total substitution degree of the acyl group of the cellulose ester is preferably 1.0 to 3.0, and more preferably 2.0 to 2.5. From the viewpoint of improving retardation development and film thickness uniformity, the substitution degree of the acetyl group in the acyl group of the cellulose ester is preferably 1.5 to 2.9, preferably 2.0 to 2.5. More preferably.
- the substitution degree of an acyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms is preferably 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.
- the acyl group substitution degree of cellulose ester can be measured according to ASTM-D817-96.
- the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose ester is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 to 5.0 ⁇ 10 5 in order to make the mechanical strength of the retardation film equal to or greater than a certain value, and is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 to 4.0 ⁇ 10 5 is more preferable, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 to 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 is even more preferable.
- the molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight Mw / number average molecular weight Mn) of the cellulose ester is preferably 1.0 to 4.5.
- the weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the cellulose ester can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The measurement conditions are as follows.
- the compound represented by General formula (1) has the following structure.
- L 2 in the general formula (1) represents —R 9 — (OR 10 ) n—.
- R 9 and R 10 represent an alkylene group which may have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 3 to 10, and more preferably 3 to 6.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched. Examples of the substituent that the alkylene group may have include a hydroxy group.
- n represents 0 or 1, and is preferably 1.
- n 1
- R 9 and R 10 the greater the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 9 and R 10 , the higher the flexibility.
- L 1 and L 3 in the general formula (1) each independently represent an alkyl group or an acyl group having a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably 4 to 20, and more preferably 5 to 15.
- substituent that the alkyl group has include a hydroxy group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and an arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include a methylcarbonyloxy group and the like;
- examples of the arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenylcarbonyloxy group and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the acyl group is preferably 2-20.
- the acyl group may be an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or an arylcarbonyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include a methylcarbonyl group.
- Examples of the arylcarbonyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenylcarbonyl group.
- R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (1) each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include a methyl group.
- R 1 to R 8 may be the same as or different from each other.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) can be synthesized by any method.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a step of obtaining a diglycidyl compound having two biphenylene groups in the molecule (step 1); and reacting the glycidyl groups at both ends of the diglycidyl compound with a monocarboxylic acid. It can obtain through a process (process 2).
- Step 1 Using a dihydroxybiphenyl compound as a raw material, a diglycidyl compound having two biphenylene groups in the molecule is obtained.
- the diglycidyl compound is a ring-opening adduct of a glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-1) and an epoxy hydrolyzate of the glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-2) (first Synthesis method); a ring-opening adduct of a dihydroxybiphenyl compound and a glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a2-1) (second synthesis method).
- the first synthesis method is a step of reacting two hydroxyl groups of a dihydroxybiphenyl compound with an epoxide compound (such as epichlorohydrin and glycidol) to obtain a glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-1); Water was added to the dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-1) to open one of the glycidyl groups of the compound (a1-1) to obtain an epoxy ring-opened product (a1-2); glycidylated It may include a step of obtaining a diglycidyl compound (a1-3) having two biphenylene groups in the molecule by subjecting the dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-1) and the epoxy hydrolyzed ring-opened product (a1-2) to a ring-opening addition reaction. (See Synthesis Example 1 below).
- an epoxide compound such as epichlorohydrin and glycidol
- dihydroxybiphenyl compounds used as raw materials include 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3 ′, 5,5 ′. -Tetramethylbiphenyl and the like are included.
- the solvent used for the reaction can be anhydrous dimethylformamide and the like.
- the reaction temperature in the first synthesis method may be room temperature to 65 ° C .; the reaction time may be 24 to 64 hours in total.
- the addition of water is preferably performed when the raw material dihydroxybiphenyl compound is completely consumed by the reaction.
- the amount of water added is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 of the number of moles of the glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a1-1).
- the second synthesis method is a step of reacting one hydroxyl group of a dihydroxybiphenyl compound with an epoxide compound (such as epichlorohydrin) to obtain a glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl compound (a2-1); the glycidylated dihydroxybiphenyl Ring-opening addition reaction of compound (a2-1) and dihydroxybiphenyl compound to obtain compound (a2-2) having hydroxyl groups at both ends; and both terminal hydroxyl groups of compound (a2-2) And a step of reacting with an epoxide compound to obtain a diglycidyl compound (a2-3) having two biphenylene groups in the molecule (see Synthesis Example 2 described later).
- an epoxide compound such as epichlorohydrin
- the reaction temperature in the second synthesis method may be room temperature to 65 ° C. as described above; the reaction time may be about 24 to 100 hours in total.
- Step 2 The glycidyl group at both ends of the diglycidyl compound (a1-3) or (a2-3) having two biphenylene groups in the molecule obtained in 1) above is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction with a monocarboxylic acid.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is obtained.
- the monocarboxylic acid used may be any of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, an alicyclic monocarboxylic acid, and an aromatic monocarboxylic acid, but is preferably an aromatic carboxylic acid.
- aromatic carboxylic acids include benzoic acid, dimethyl benzoic acid, trimethyl benzoic acid, teramethyl benzoic acid, ethyl benzoic acid, propyl benzoic acid, cumic acid, o-toluic acid, m-toluic acid, p-toluic acid, Anisic acid, ethoxybenzoic acid, propoxybenzoic acid, cyanobenzoic acid, fluorobenzoic acid, nitrobenzoic acid, 4-phenylbenzoic acid, 4- (3-methylphenyl) benzoic acid, 4- (4-methylphenyl) benzoic acid 4- (3,5-dimethylphenyl) benzoic acid, 2-methyl-4-phenylbenzoic acid, 2,6-dimethyl-4-phen
- the dehydration condensation reaction is carried out with stirring under a nitrogen stream.
- the reaction temperature can be 150-250 ° C., preferably 190-230 ° C .; the reaction time can be 10-25 hours.
- the unreacted material is preferably distilled off under reduced pressure at a temperature of 150 to 200 ° C.
- the amount of the monocarboxylic acid charged is preferably such that the number of moles of epoxy groups in the diglycidyl compound / number of moles of carboxyl groups in the monocarboxylic acid is in the range of 1 / 0.9 to 1/1.
- the compound thus obtained contains as a main component a compound having two biphenylene groups in the molecule, but may further contain a trace amount of a compound having three or more biphenylene groups in the molecule.
- the weight average molecular weight of the compound having two biphenylene groups in the molecule can be the same as described above.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 4% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester, More preferably, it is at least 3% by mass.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a certain level or more, for example, precipitation of a retardation increasing agent described later can be preferably suppressed.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is below a certain level, precipitation of itself and precipitation of other additives such as a retardation increasing agent can be more highly suppressed.
- the retardation increasing agent may be a heterocyclic compound containing a nitrogen atom or a rod-like compound.
- the heterocyclic compound in which the constituent sugar contains a nitrogen atom can be a monocyclic compound or a condensed cyclic compound.
- monocyclic heterocyclic compounds include triazine compounds;
- fused heterocyclic compounds include carbazole compounds, quinoxaline compounds, benzoxazole compounds, and oxadiazole compounds. included.
- the triazine compound is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- X 1 to X 3 in the general formula (2) each independently represent a single bond or —NR 4 —.
- R 4 in —NR 4 — is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group. is there.
- R 1 to R 3 in the general formula (2) each independently represents an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the heterocycle constituting the heteroaryl group is preferably a 5-membered or 6-membered unsaturated heterocycle.
- the hetero atom of the heterocyclic ring is a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and is preferably a nitrogen atom.
- heteroaryl groups include 2-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl.
- the aromatic ring of the aryl group or the heterocycle of the heteroaryl group may have a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group, and an alkoxy group.
- the carbazole compound can be represented by the general formula (3).
- R in the general formula (3) represents a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxyalkyl group include 2-hydroxyethyl group, 3-hydroxypropyl group, 4-hydroxybutyl group and the like.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (3) include 9H-carbazole-9-ethanol, 9H-carbazole-9-propanol, 9H-carbazole-9-butanol and the like.
- the quinoxaline compound can be represented by the general formula (4).
- each R independently represents an aryl group or heteroaryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, tetracenyl, etc .
- heteroaryl groups include pyridinyl and the like.
- R ′ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (4) include 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, 2,3-di (pyridin-2-yl) quinoxaline and the like. Is included.
- the benzoxazole compound can be represented by the general formula (5).
- R in the general formula (5) represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group having 6 to 20, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic group is preferably an alkyl group such as a methyl group.
- the aromatic group is preferably an aryl group such as a phenyl group.
- Examples of the substituent that the aliphatic group and the aromatic group may have include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (5) include 2-methylbenzoxazole, 2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazole and the like.
- the oxadiazole compound can be represented by the general formula (6).
- R and R ′ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-5.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aryl group can preferably be 6-18.
- the difference in molecular weight between R and R ′ is preferably 2 to 200, more preferably 2 to 100, and even more preferably 2 to 50.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (6) include (2,4-terbutylphenyl) -5- (4-biphenyl-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole.
- the rod-shaped compound can be represented by the general formula (7).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 in the general formula (7) each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- the aromatic ring in the aryl group is preferably a benzene ring.
- the aromatic heterocycle in the heteroaryl group is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- the hetero atom is preferably a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, more preferably a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the aromatic heterocycle may be a furan ring, thiophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring or pyrazine ring.
- the aromatic ring of the aryl group or the heterocycle of the heteroaryl group may further have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms, cyano groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, alkyl-substituted amino groups, acyl groups, acyloxy groups, amide groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkylthio groups and alkyl groups. Group etc. are included.
- L 12 and L 13 in the general formula (7) each independently represent a divalent linking group composed of —O—CO—, —CO—O—, or a combination thereof.
- X in the general formula (7) represents 1,4-cyclohexylene group, vinylene group or ethynylene group.
- heterocyclic compounds whose constituent rings contain nitrogen atoms are more likely to self-aggregate and precipitate than other compounds. Even a film containing a certain amount or more of such a heterocyclic compound further suppresses precipitation of the heterocyclic compound on the film surface after stretching by further including the compound represented by the general formula (1). Yes.
- the content of the retardation increasing agent can be in the range of 1 to 10% by mass, preferably 3 to 7% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester.
- the content of the retardation increasing agent is a certain level or more, the retardation of the film can be increased.
- the content of the retardation increasing agent is below a certain level, precipitation of the retardation increasing agent can be highly suppressed.
- the retardation film of the present invention may further contain other additives as necessary.
- other additives include a plasticizer, a hydrogen bonding compound, a peeling aid, a matting agent (fine particles), and the like.
- Plasticizers examples include polyester compounds, sugar ester compounds, polyhydric alcohol ester compounds, phosphate ester compounds, and the like.
- A represents a divalent group derived from an alkylene dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent group derived from an aryl dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- B represents a monovalent group derived from a hydrogen atom or a carboxylic acid.
- G is a divalent group derived from an alkylene glycol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a divalent group derived from an aryl glycol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or an oxyalkylene having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- Examples of the divalent group of A derived from an alkylene dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms include succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid And divalent groups derived from the above.
- Examples of the divalent group derived from aryl dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms in A include phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,5 naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4 naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2, Divalent groups derived from 6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and the like are included.
- Examples of the monovalent group derived from carboxylic acid in B include monovalent groups derived from aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and toluic acid, and aliphatic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid.
- Examples of the divalent group of G derived from an alkylene glycol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, , 3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (Neopentyl glycol), 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol (3,3-dimethylolpentane), 2-n-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (3,3-didiol) Methylol heptane), 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pent
- Examples of the divalent group of G derived from an aryl glycol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (resorcinol), and 1,4-dihydroxy.
- Divalent groups derived from benzene (hydroquinone), bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol and the like are included.
- Examples of the divalent group derived from oxyalkylene glycol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in G include divalent groups derived from diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and the like. Is included.
- ester compound represented by the general formula (8) examples include the following.
- the molecular weight of the polyester compound is preferably 100 to 10,000, and more preferably 600 to 3,000 because the effect of imparting plasticity is great.
- sugar ester compound is a compound obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group contained in a sugar with a monocarboxylic acid. That is, the sugar ester compound includes a structure derived from sugar and an acyl group derived from a reaction product of a hydroxyl group (contained in sugar) and a monocarboxylic acid.
- the sugar-derived structure contained in the sugar ester compound is preferably a structure in which at least one of the furanose structure and the pyranose structure is combined in a total of 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2.
- sugar contained in a sugar ester compound contains both a pyranose structure and a furanose structure.
- sugar-derived structures include monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, xylose and arabinose; disaccharides such as trehalose, lactose, sucrose, maltitol, cellobiose and maltose; trisaccharides such as cellotriose and raffinose
- monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, xylose and arabinose
- disaccharides such as trehalose, lactose, sucrose, maltitol, cellobiose and maltose
- trisaccharides such as cellotriose and raffinose
- the acyl group contained in the sugar ester compound may be an aliphatic acyl group or an aromatic acyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic acyl group can be 1 to 22, more preferably 2 to 12, and particularly preferably 2 to 8.
- Examples of the aliphatic acyl group include acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, pentanoyl group, hexanoyl group, octanoyl group and the like.
- the aromatic acyl group include a benzoyl group, a toluyl group, and a phthalyl group.
- the acyl group contained in the sugar ester compound preferably contains at least a benzoyl group in order to enhance compatibility with the cellulose ester.
- the plurality of acyl groups contained in the sugar ester compound may be the same as or different from each other.
- an unreacted hydroxyl group that is not substituted with an acyl group may usually remain as a hydroxyl group.
- the sugar ester compound may be a mixture of a plurality of sugar ester compounds having the same type of acyl group and different degrees of substitution.
- R 1 in A-1 to A-4 and B-1 to B-4 may be the above-mentioned aliphatic acyl group or aromatic acyl group. Several R ⁇ 1 > may mutually be same or different.
- sugar ester compounds include the following.
- polyhydric alcohol ester compound is an ester compound of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol having a valence of 2 or more, preferably 2 to 20, and a monocarboxylic acid.
- Preferred examples of the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol include adonitol, arabitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, dibutylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, hexanetriol Galactitol, mannitol, 3-methylpentane-1,3,5-triol, pinacol, sorbitol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, xylitol and the like. Of these, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, sorb
- the monocarboxylic acid can be an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, an alicyclic monocarboxylic acid, an aromatic monocarboxylic acid, or the like. In order to increase the moisture permeability of the film and make it less likely to volatilize, an alicyclic monocarboxylic acid or an aromatic monocarboxylic acid is preferred. One type of monocarboxylic acid may be sufficient and a 2 or more types of mixture may be sufficient as it. Further, all of the OH groups contained in the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol may be esterified, or a part of the OH groups may be left as they are.
- the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is preferably a fatty acid having a straight chain or a side chain having 1 to 32 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is more preferably 1-20, and still more preferably 1-10.
- Examples of such aliphatic monocarboxylic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid , Saturated fatty acids such as tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, melicic acid, and laccelic acid; Examples include unsaturated fatty acids such as undecylenic acid, oleic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. Especially, in order to improve compatibility with
- alicyclic monocarboxylic acids examples include cyclopentane carboxylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cyclooctane carboxylic acid and the like.
- aromatic monocarboxylic acids include those in which 1 to 3 alkoxy groups such as alkyl, methoxy or ethoxy groups are introduced into the benzene ring of benzoic acid such as benzoic acid or toluic acid; biphenylcarboxylic acid, naphthalene Aromatic monocarboxylic acids having two or more benzene rings such as carboxylic acid and tetralincarboxylic acid are included, and benzoic acid is preferable.
- the polyhydric alcohol ester compound preferably has an aromatic ring or a cycloalkyl ring in the molecule.
- the molecular weight of the polyhydric alcohol ester compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300 to 1500, and more preferably 350 to 750. In order to make it difficult to volatilize, a higher molecular weight is preferable; in order to improve moisture permeability and compatibility with cellulose ester, a lower molecular weight is preferable.
- polyhydric alcohol ester compound Specific examples of the polyhydric alcohol ester compound are shown below.
- phosphate ester examples include triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and the like.
- the total content of the plasticizer is preferably 5 to 30% by mass and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester.
- the content of the plasticizer is a certain level or more, a sufficient plasticizing effect is easily obtained.
- the content of the plasticizer is below a certain level, precipitation on the film surface after stretching can be highly suppressed.
- Hydrogen bonding compound A hydrogen bonding compound may be contained in order to suppress a dimensional change of the film under high humidity.
- Such hydrogen bonding compounds include those described in JP2012-082235; for example, they may be compounds represented by the general formula (A-1) or (B-1).
- Ra in formula (A-1) represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group; preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group; preferably all are single bonds.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- Rb and Rc in formula (B-1) each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group.
- X 5 and X 6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- the content of the hydrogen bonding compound may be about 1 to 30% by mass, preferably about 2 to 20% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester.
- the peeling aid is preferably an organic acid that satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3). Since such an organic acid has an unsubstituted carboxyl group, the release property of the dope film from the metal support can be improved when a retardation film is obtained by a solution casting method.
- (1) Includes a structure in which a polyhydric alcohol and a polycarboxylic acid are bonded by forming an ester bond.
- (2) The total number of molecules of the polyhydric alcohol and polyhydric carboxylic acid is 3 or more.
- It has at least one unsubstituted carboxyl group derived from a polyvalent carboxylic acid.
- Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid constituting the organic acid include succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, malic acid, adipic acid and the like.
- the number of molecules of the polyvalent carboxylic acid constituting the organic acid is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, and still more preferably 1 to 10.
- Examples of the polyhydric alcohol constituting the organic acid include adonitol, arabitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butane.
- the number of molecules of the hydric alcohol constituting the organic acid is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 15, and particularly preferably 1 to 10.
- the organic acid further includes a monovalent acid having a substituent having 4 or more carbon atoms and a partial hydroxyl group of the polyhydric alcohol. It may have a structure in which an ester bond is formed.
- the monovalent acid having a substituent having 4 or more carbon atoms is preferably a fatty acid, more preferably caprylic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, or oleic acid, and more preferably oleic acid.
- organic acid examples include the following.
- the content of the peeling aid can be about 0.01 to 20% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester.
- the matting agent can impart slipperiness to the protective film.
- the matting agent can be inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles.
- inorganic compounds constituting the inorganic fine particles include silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcined calcium silicate, hydrated calcium silicate, silicic acid.
- Aluminum, magnesium silicate, calcium phosphate and the like are included.
- silicon dioxide is preferred because the increase in film haze is small.
- silicon dioxide examples include Aerosil 200V, Aerosil R972V, Aerosil R972, R974, R812, R202 (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), Seahoster KEP-10, KEP-30, KEP-50 (above, Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) Manufactured).
- the shape of the particles is not particularly limited, and may be indefinite, acicular, flat, spherical, or the like. Of these, spherical particles are preferred because the resulting film has good transparency.
- the particle size is preferably smaller than the wavelength of visible light, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the wavelength of visible light. . If the particle size is too small, the slipperiness may not be improved, so that the particle size is preferably 80 to 180 nm.
- the size of the particle means the size of the aggregate when the particle is an aggregate of primary particles. Moreover, when a particle is not spherical, it means the diameter of a circle corresponding to the projected area.
- the content of the matting agent can be about 0.05 to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by mass with respect to the cellulose ester.
- the thickness of the retardation film is preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the polarizing plate can be thinned, and the dimensional change of the polarizing plate due to heat and humidity can be reduced.
- a certain retardation value or more can be easily obtained.
- the retardation of the retardation film can be set according to the type of liquid crystal cell to be combined.
- the in-plane retardation Ro (590) measured at a wavelength of 590 nm under 23 ° C. and 55% RH of the retardation film is preferably 20 to 130 nm, and more preferably 30 to 100 nm.
- the retardation Rth (590) in the thickness direction is preferably from 100 to 300 nm, more preferably from 100 to 200 nm.
- a retardation film having a retardation in the above range is suitable as a retardation film such as a VA liquid crystal cell.
- Retardation R0 and Rth are defined by the following equations, respectively.
- Formula (I): R 0 (nx ⁇ ny) ⁇ d (nm)
- Formula (II): Rt ⁇ (nx + ny) / 2 ⁇ nz ⁇ ⁇ d (nm)
- nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction x where the refractive index is maximum in the in-plane direction of the film
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction y perpendicular to the slow axis direction x in the in-plane direction of the film.
- Nz represents the refractive index in the thickness direction z of the film
- d (nm) represents the thickness of the film)
- the retardations R0 and Rt can be determined by the following method, for example. 1) The retardation film is conditioned at 23 ° C. and 55% RH. The average refractive index of the retardation film after humidity adjustment is measured with an Abbe refractometer or the like. The retardation film after 2) humidity, measuring the R 0 when the light is incident in parallel to the measurement wavelength 590nm to normal of the film surface, KOBRA21ADH, in Oji Scientific Corporation. 3) With KOBRA21ADH, the slow axis in the plane of the retardation film is the tilt axis (rotation axis), and the measurement wavelength is 590 nm from the angle of ⁇ (incident angle ( ⁇ )) with respect to the normal of the surface of the retardation film.
- the retardation value R ( ⁇ ) when light is incident is measured.
- the retardation value R ( ⁇ ) can be measured at 6 points every 10 ° in the range of 0 ° to 50 °.
- the in-plane slow axis of the retardation film can be confirmed by KOBRA21ADH.
- nx, ny, and nz are calculated by KOBRA21ADH from the measured R 0 and R ( ⁇ ) and the above-described average refractive index and film thickness, and Rth at a measurement wavelength of 590 nm is calculated.
- the measurement of retardation can be performed under conditions of 23 ° C. and 55% RH.
- the total retardation of the retardation film is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and further preferably 93% or more.
- the haze value of the retardation film is preferably 3.0% or less, preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.0% or less, and 0.5% or less. Is more preferable.
- the haze of the protective film can be measured with a haze meter (turbidity meter) (model: NDH 2000, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K-7136.
- the retardation film can be produced by a solution casting method or a melt casting method. Of these, the solution casting method is preferred because it is easy to obtain a film having high flatness and few streak-like failures.
- the production of the retardation film of the present invention by the solution casting method includes 1) a step of obtaining the dope solution by dissolving the above components in a solvent, and 2) a step of casting the dope solution on an endless metal support. 3) It is preferable that the film-like product obtained by drying the cast dope solution is peeled off from the metal support, and 4) the step of drawing the film-like material obtained by peeling is preferably performed. .
- Any organic solvent useful for preparing the dope solution can be used without limitation as long as it dissolves each of the above components such as cellulose ester and the compound represented by the general formula (1) at the same time.
- methylene chloride is mentioned as a chlorinated organic solvent.
- Non-chlorine organic solvents include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexanone, ethyl formate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2, 2,3,3-hexafluoro-1-propanol, 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1, Examples include 1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, and nitroethane.
- methylene chloride, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone and the like are preferable.
- the dope preferably contains 1 to 40% by mass of a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms examples include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol. Of these, ethanol is preferred because of the stability of the dope, relatively low boiling point, and good drying properties.
- Dissolution of cellulose ester and the like includes a method performed at normal pressure, a method performed below the boiling point of the main solvent, a method performed under pressure above the boiling point of the main solvent, and a method performed under pressure above the boiling point of the main solvent. Is preferred.
- the concentration of cellulose ester and the like in the dope solution can be in the range of 15 to 45% by mass in total.
- the dope solution is preferably further filtered in order to remove foreign substances in the dope solution.
- the dope solution is fed to a pressure die through a liquid feed pump (for example, a pressurized metering gear pump). Then, the dope solution is cast from the slit of the pressure die to a casting position on an endless metal support (for example, a stainless belt or a rotating metal drum) that is transferred infinitely.
- a liquid feed pump for example, a pressurized metering gear pump
- ⁇ Pressure dies that can adjust the slit shape of the die base and make the film thickness uniform are preferred.
- the pressure die include a coat hanger die and a T die, and any of them is preferably used.
- the surface of the metal support is a mirror surface.
- two or more pressure dies may be provided on the metal support, and the flow rate of the dope solution may be divided and stacked. Or you may obtain the film of a laminated structure by the co-casting method which casts several dope liquid simultaneously.
- the dope solution on the metal support is preferably dried on the support in an atmosphere within the range of 40 to 100 ° C. In order to maintain the atmosphere in the range of 40 to 100 ° C., it is preferable to apply hot air at this temperature to the dope liquid surface on the metal support or to heat by means such as infrared rays.
- the film-like material obtained by evaporating the solvent on the metal support is peeled off at the peeling position. From the viewpoint of surface quality, moisture permeability, and peelability of the obtained film-like product, it is preferable to peel the film-like product from the metal support within 30 to 120 seconds after casting.
- the temperature at the peeling position on the metal support is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ° C.
- the amount of residual solvent of the film-like material on the metal support at the time of peeling can be in the range of 50 to 120% by mass, for example.
- Residual solvent amount (%) (mass before heat treatment of film-like material ⁇ mass after heat treatment of film-like material) / (mass after heat treatment of film-like material) ⁇ 100
- the heat treatment for measuring the residual solvent amount represents performing a heat treatment at 140 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the peeling tension when peeling the metal support from the film is usually in the range of 196 to 245 N / m. However, if wrinkles easily occur during peeling, it is preferable to peel with a tension of 190 N / m or less. .
- the peeled film may be dried while being transported by a plurality of rollers arranged in the drying apparatus as necessary.
- the drying is generally performed by applying hot air to both surfaces of the film-like material, but may be heated by applying microwaves instead of hot air.
- the drying is generally carried out in the range of 40-250 ° C. It is particularly preferable to dry within the range of 40 to 200 ° C.
- the drying temperature is preferably in the range of 30 to 160 ° C, more preferably in the range of 50 to 150 ° C.
- Stretching process Stretching of the obtained film may be performed in at least one of the width direction (TD direction), the transport direction (MD direction) or the oblique direction of the film.
- stretching in both the width direction (TD direction) and the transport direction (MD direction) of the film stretching in the width direction (TD direction) of the film and stretching in the transport direction (MD direction) may be performed sequentially. You may do it simultaneously.
- the draw ratio can be 1.01 to 3.0 times, preferably 1.1 to 2.0 times, more preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times in each direction.
- TD direction width direction
- MD direction transport direction
- the draw ratio can be 1.01 to 3.0 times, preferably 1.1 to 2.0 times, more preferably in each direction. Is preferably 1.3 to 2.0 times.
- the stretching temperature is preferably Tg to (Tg + 50) ° C., more preferably Tg to (Tg + 40) ° C. Specifically, in the case of obtaining a retardation film containing cellulose ester as a main component, the stretching temperature can be about 140 to 200 ° C.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be obtained by stretching a film-like material containing a cellulose ester and a compound represented by the general formula (1). Since the compound represented by the general formula (1) has a large interaction with the cellulose ester and is difficult to self-aggregate, it can be suppressed from being deposited on the film surface after stretching.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is not only difficult to precipitate itself, but also can suppress the precipitation of other additives such as a retardation increasing agent. Thereby, even if it is a film containing many retardation increasing agents, precipitation of a retardation increasing agent can be suppressed. Thereby, even if the thickness is small, a retardation film having a certain retardation value or more can be obtained.
- Polarizing plate The polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizer and a retardation film disposed on at least one surface thereof.
- the polarizer can be an iodine-based polarizing film or a dye-based polarizing film using a dichroic dye.
- the iodine-based polarizing film and the dye-based polarizing film may be generally a film obtained by uniaxially stretching a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and then dyeing with iodine or a dichroic dye; After the film is dyed with iodine or a dichroic dye, it may be a uniaxially stretched film (preferably a film further subjected to a durability treatment with a boron compound).
- the absorption axis of the polarizer is parallel to the stretching direction of the film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film may be a film formed from a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
- the polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably an ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol film because it is excellent in polarizing performance and durability performance, and has few color spots.
- dichroic dyes examples include azo dyes, stilbene dyes, pyrazolone dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, quinoline dyes, oxazine dyes, thiazine dyes and anthraquinone dyes.
- the thickness of the polarizer is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 2 to 25 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 15 ⁇ m. This is for reducing the dimensional change of the polarizer due to the humidity change.
- a protective film may be arrange
- the protective film is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, a (meth) acrylic resin film, a polyester film, a cellulose ester film, or the like.
- (Meth) acrylic resin film is a film mainly composed of (meth) acrylic resin.
- the (meth) acrylic resin can be a homopolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester; or a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester and another monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester is preferably a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester, and more preferably methyl methacrylate.
- Examples of other monomers copolymerizable with methyl methacrylate include: alkyl methacrylates having 2 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; alkyl alkyl esters having 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; acrylic acid ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated acids such as methacrylic acid; unsaturated group-containing dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid; aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and nucleus-substituted styrene; acrylonitrile And ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitriles such as methacrylonitrile; maleic anhydride; maleimide, N-substituted maleimide; glutaric anhydride and the like. These other monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate in the (meth) acrylic resin is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and 90% by mass or more with respect to all the structural units. More preferably it is.
- polyester film examples include a polyethylene terephthalate film and a polyethylene naphthalate film.
- cellulose ester contained in the cellulose ester film may be cellulose triacetate.
- the in-plane retardation R 0 measured under the conditions of a measurement wavelength of 590 nm and 23 ° C. and 55% RH is preferably 0 to 20 nm, and more preferably 0 to 10 nm.
- the thickness direction retardation Rt of the protective film measured under conditions of a measurement wavelength of 590 nm and 23 ° C. and 55% RH is preferably 0 to 80 nm, and more preferably 0 to 50 nm.
- the protective film preferably has a moisture permeability of a certain value or less from the viewpoint of suppressing dimensional changes due to moisture absorption of the polarizer.
- the moisture permeability of the protective film at 40 ° C. and 90 RH% measured according to JIS Z 0208 is preferably 20 to 120 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h, and 20 to 100 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h. It is more preferable that
- the thickness of the protective film (F1 or F4) can be about 10 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention can be prepared by a general method.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be bonded to one surface of a polarizer produced by immersion and stretching in an iodine solution; a protective film can be bonded to the other surface of the polarizer.
- the retardation film or protective film and the polarizer are bonded to each other by subjecting the surface of the retardation film or protective film of the present invention on the side of the polarizer to alkali saponification treatment, and then using a completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (water glue). May be used. Moreover, you may perform bonding of retardation film or a protective film, and a polarizer using an active energy ray hardening adhesive.
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive is preferably used as the active energy ray-curable adhesive.
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive is preferably used.
- UV curable adhesive composition examples include a photo radical polymerization type composition using photo radical polymerization, a photo cation polymerization type composition using photo cation polymerization, and a hybrid type composition using both photo radical polymerization and photo cation polymerization. There are things.
- the photo radical polymerization type composition examples include a radical polymerizable compound containing a polar group such as a hydroxy group and a carboxy group described in JP-A-2008-009329 and a radical polymerizable compound not containing a polar group in a specific ratio. And the like composition.
- the radical polymerizable compound is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond capable of radical polymerization.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond capable of radical polymerization include a compound having a (meth) acryloyl group.
- Examples of the compound having a (meth) acryloyl group include an N-substituted (meth) acrylamide compound and a (meth) acrylate compound.
- (Meth) acrylamide means acrylamide or methacrylamide.
- Examples of the cationic photopolymerization type composition include ( ⁇ ) a cationic polymerizable compound, ( ⁇ ) a cationic photopolymerization initiator, and ( ⁇ ) a wavelength longer than 380 nm, as disclosed in JP2011-08234A. And an ultraviolet curable adhesive composition containing components of ( ⁇ ) a naphthalene photosensitization aid. However, other ultraviolet curable adhesives may be used.
- the polarizing plate is 1) a pretreatment step for easily adhering the surface of the protective film to which the polarizer is bonded; An adhesive application step for applying an adhesive, 3) a bonding step for bonding the polarizer and the protective film through the obtained adhesive layer, and 4) a polarizer and a protective film through the adhesive layer. It can be manufactured through a curing process in which the adhesive layer is cured in a bonded state. What is necessary is just to implement the pre-processing process of 1) as needed.
- Pre-processing process is a process of performing an easily bonding process to the adhesive surface with the polarizer of a protective film.
- Examples of the easy adhesion treatment include corona treatment and plasma treatment.
- the UV curable adhesive is applied to at least one of the adhesive surfaces of the polarizer and the protective film.
- the application method is not particularly limited. For example, various wet coating methods such as a doctor blade, a wire bar, a die coater, a comma coater, and a gravure coater can be used.
- various wet coating methods such as a doctor blade, a wire bar, a die coater, a comma coater, and a gravure coater can be used.
- the method of pressurizing with a roller etc. and spreading it uniformly can also be utilized.
- Bonding process After apply
- this bonding step for example, when an ultraviolet curable adhesive is applied to the surface of the polarizer in the previous application step, a protective film is superimposed thereon.
- a polarizer is superimposed thereon.
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive is cast between the polarizer and the protective film, the polarizer and the protective film are superposed in that state. In this state, the pressure is usually sandwiched between a pressure roller and the like from both protective film sides. Metal, rubber, or the like can be used as the material of the pressure roller.
- the pressure rollers arranged on both sides may be made of the same material or different materials.
- an uncured UV curable adhesive is irradiated with UV rays, and a cationic polymerizable compound (eg, epoxy compound or oxetane compound) or a radical polymerizable compound (eg, acrylate compound, acrylamide type).
- a cationic polymerizable compound eg, epoxy compound or oxetane compound
- a radical polymerizable compound eg, acrylate compound, acrylamide type.
- both sides of the polarizer are irradiated with ultraviolet rays in a state where the protective films are overlapped with each other via an ultraviolet curable adhesive, and the ultraviolet curable adhesive on both sides. It is advantageous to cure the two simultaneously.
- the ultraviolet irradiation conditions can be adopted as the ultraviolet curable adhesive as long as the ultraviolet curable adhesive can be cured.
- the dose of ultraviolet rays in the range of 50 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2 in accumulated light quantity, and even more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ 500mJ / cm 2.
- the line speed depends on the curing time of the adhesive, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 m / min, more preferably in the range of 5 to 300 m / min, and still more preferably in the range of 10 to The range is 100 m / min. If the line speed is 1 m / min or more, productivity can be ensured, or damage to the protective film can be suppressed, and a polarizing plate having excellent durability can be produced. If the line speed is 500 m / min or less, the ultraviolet curable adhesive is sufficiently cured, and an ultraviolet curable adhesive layer having a desired hardness and excellent adhesiveness can be formed.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell and a pair of polarizing plates that sandwich the liquid crystal cell. And at least one of a pair of polarizing plates can be used as the polarizing plate of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a basic configuration of a liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device 10 of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell 30, a first polarizing plate 50 and a second polarizing plate 70 that sandwich the liquid crystal cell 30, and a backlight 90.
- the display mode of the liquid crystal cell 30 may be various display modes such as STN, TN, OCB, HAN, VA (MVA, PVA), and IPS.
- the VA (MVA, PVA) mode is used. It is preferable that
- the first polarizing plate 50 includes a first polarizer 51, a protective film 53 (F1) disposed on the surface on the viewing side of the first polarizer 51 (the surface opposite to the liquid crystal cell), And a retardation film 55 (F2) disposed on the surface of the one polarizer 51 on the liquid crystal cell side.
- the second polarizing plate 70 includes a second polarizer 71, a retardation film 73 (F3) disposed on the liquid crystal cell side surface of the second polarizer 71, and a backlight of the second polarizer 71. And a protective film 75 (F4) disposed on the side surface (surface opposite to the liquid crystal cell).
- At least one or both of the first polarizing plate 50 and the second polarizing plate 70 can be used as the polarizing plate of the present invention. That is, at least one of the retardation film 55 (F1) and the retardation film 73 (F3) can be used as the retardation film of the present invention.
- the retardation film of the present invention contains a large amount of retardation increasing agent, the precipitation thereof is suppressed.
- the retardation film can have a retardation value of a certain value or more. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device including the retardation film of the present invention can perform optical compensation satisfactorily and can have high contrast.
- the obtained diglycidyl compound (a1-3), ethylene glycol, benzoic acid, and tetraisopropyl titanate as an esterification catalyst were charged, and the temperature was raised stepwise to 230 ° C. with stirring under a nitrogen stream, and dehydration was performed for a total of 10 hours.
- a condensation reaction was performed. After the reaction, unreacted ethylene glycol and the like were distilled off under reduced pressure at 200 ° C. to obtain an additive A-1 mainly comprising the compound (a1-4) (step 2).
- the amount of benzoic acid charged was such that the number of moles of epoxy group of diglycidyl compound (a1-3) / the number of moles of carboxyl group of benzoic acid was 1.0 / 1.0.
- the content ratio of the compound (a1-4) was 20% by mass.
- the resulting diglycidyl compound (a2-3), ethylene glycol, benzoic acid and tetraisopropyl titanate as an esterification catalyst were charged, and the temperature was raised stepwise to 230 ° C. with stirring under a nitrogen stream, and dehydration was conducted for a total of 10 hours.
- a condensation reaction was performed. After the reaction, unreacted ethylene glycol and the like were distilled off under reduced pressure at 200 ° C. to obtain an additive A-2 containing the compound (a2-4) as a main component (step 2).
- the amount of benzoic acid charged was such that the number of moles of epoxy group of diglycidyl compound (a2-3) / number of moles of carboxyl group of benzoic acid was 1.0 / 1.0.
- Table 2 shows the structural formulas and physical properties of the obtained additives A-1 to A-3.
- Other compounds Comparative additives A-4 to A-6
- the obtained dope solution was uniformly cast on a stainless steel belt support using an endless belt casting apparatus.
- the dope film was peeled off from the stainless steel belt support with a peeling tension of 130 N / m. .
- the film obtained by peeling was stretched 30% in the width direction using a tenter while applying heat at 160 ° C. At this time, the film was not stretched in the casting direction. Further, the residual solvent at the start of stretching was 15%.
- drying of the stretched film was completed while the drying zone was conveyed by a number of rolls. The drying temperature was 130 ° C. and the transport tension was 100 N / m. As described above, a retardation film 101 having a dry film thickness of 30 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 4 A retardation film 107 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dope composition was changed as follows.
- (Composition of dope) Diacetylcellulose (acetyl group substitution degree 2.3, weight average molecular weight (Mw) 185,000): 100 parts by mass
- Additive A-3 compound represented by formula (1)
- Compound B- 1 phase difference increasing agent
- Methylene chloride 300 parts by weight
- Ethanol 40 parts by weight
- Example 10 A retardation film 119 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dope composition was changed as follows and the thickness of the retardation film was changed as shown in Table 8.
- Composition of dope Diacetylcellulose (acetyl group substitution degree 2.3, weight average molecular weight (Mw) 185,000): 100 parts by mass
- Additive A-3 compound represented by formula (1)
- Compound B- 2 phase difference increasing agent
- Ethanol 40 parts by weight
- Retardation films 120 to 124 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the addition amounts of additive A and additive B and the thickness of the retardation film were changed as shown in Table 8.
- the retardations R0 and Rth of the obtained film were measured by the following procedure. 1) The film was conditioned at 23 ° C. and 55% RH. The average refractive index of the film after humidity control was measured with an Abbe refractometer. 2) R 0 when light having a measurement wavelength of 590 nm was incident on the film after humidity control in parallel with the normal line of the film surface was measured by KOBRA 21ADH, Oji Scientific Co., Ltd.
- nx, ny, and nz were calculated by KOBRA21ADH from the measured R 0 and R ( ⁇ ) and the above-described average refractive index and film thickness, and Rth at a measurement wavelength of 590 nm was calculated. The retardation was measured under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 55% RH.
- Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 6; the evaluation results of Examples 4 to 9 and Comparative Examples 4 to 9 are shown in Table 7; Examples 10 to 12 and Comparative Examples 10 to 10
- the evaluation results of 12 are shown in Table 8.
- the amount of additive A or B added is part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cellulose ester.
- the produced retardation film 108 was subjected to alkali saponification treatment, then washed with water, neutralized and washed with water.
- the retardation film 108 was dried at 80 ° C.
- an acrylic resin film 1 (Technoloy S001G manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 30 ⁇ m, moisture permeability: 100 g / m 2 ⁇ day) was prepared as a protective film.
- the moisture permeability of the film was measured by the method described in JIS Z 0208 at 40 ° C. and 90% RH.
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive solution in which the following components were mixed was applied on the surface of the acrylic resin film 1.
- An ultraviolet curable adhesive solution in which the following components were mixed was applied on the surface of the acrylic resin film 1.
- Each of the following components was mixed and then defoamed to prepare an ultraviolet curable adhesive solution.
- Triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate was blended as a 50% propylene carbonate solution, and the solid content of triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate was shown below.
- 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate 45 parts by mass Epolide GT-301 (alicyclic epoxy resin manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries): 40 parts by mass 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether: 15 parts by mass Triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate: 2.3 parts by mass 9,10-dibutoxyanthracene: 0.1 parts by mass 1,4-diethoxynaphthalene: 2.0 parts by mass
- a polarizing plate 201 was produced according to the following method.
- the surface of the acrylic resin film 1 was subjected to corona discharge treatment.
- the corona discharge treatment was performed at a corona output intensity of 2.0 kW and a line speed of 18 m / min.
- the UV curable adhesive liquid prepared above is applied to the corona discharge treated surface of the acrylic resin film 1 with a bar coater so that the film thickness after curing is about 3 ⁇ m, and the UV curable adhesive layer is formed. Formed.
- the above-mentioned retardation film 108 subjected to alkali saponification treatment was bonded to one surface of the prepared polarizer using a 5% aqueous solution of completely saponified polyvinyl alcohol as an adhesive.
- an acrylic resin film 1 having an ultraviolet curable adhesive layer formed thereon was bonded to the other surface of the polarizer to obtain a laminate.
- the ultraviolet irradiation device with a belt conveyor uses a D bulb manufactured by Fusion UV Systems
- the integrated light quantity becomes 750 mJ / cm 2.
- the polarizing plate 201 shown in Table 9 was produced by irradiating the film with ultraviolet rays and curing the respective ultraviolet curable adhesive layers.
- a pair of polarizing plates was removed from the Sony 40-inch display BRAVIA KLV-40J3000 (VA method). And the produced said polarizing plate 201 was bonded together on both surfaces of the obtained liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal display device 301 was obtained. The polarizing plate is bonded so that the retardation film 108 is in contact with the liquid crystal cell, and the slow axis of the retardation film 108 is parallel to the slow axis of the retardation film of the polarizing plate previously attached. did.
- Example 14 A polarizing plate 202 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the protective film was changed to the acrylic resin film 2 (Technoloy S000, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., thickness 75 ⁇ m, moisture permeability: 50 g / m 2 ⁇ day). Device 302 was obtained.
- Example 15 A polarizing plate 203 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the protective film was changed to a PET film (Cosmo Shine A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 100 ⁇ m, moisture permeability: 30 g / m 2 ⁇ day). Got.
- the contrast of the obtained liquid crystal display device was evaluated by the following method.
- Front contrast is 3000 or more
- Front contrast is 2000 or more and less than 3000
- Front contrast is less than 2000
- Table 9 shows the evaluation results of Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Example 13.
- the present invention can achieve thinning of the retardation film and maintenance of high retardation by suppressing precipitation of the additive from the retardation film.
- a liquid crystal display device including a polarizing plate including such a retardation film can have high contrast.
- Liquid crystal display device 30 Liquid crystal cell 50 1st polarizing plate 51 1st polarizer 53 Protective film (F1) 55 Retardation film (F2) 70 Second Polarizer 71 Second Polarizer 73 Retardation Film (F3) 75 Protective film (F4) 90 backlight
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Abstract
Description
L2は、-R9-(OR10)n-(R9およびR10は、炭素原子数3~10の置換基を有してもよいアルキレン基を表し、nは、0または1を表す)を表し;
L1およびL3は、それぞれ独立して炭素原子数4~20の置換基を有するアルキル基または炭素原子数2~20のアシル基を表し;
R1~R8は、それぞれ独立して水素原子または炭素数1~3のアルキル基を表す)
[2] 環構成原子が窒素原子を有する1種類以上の複素環式化合物をさらに含む、[1]に記載の位相差フィルム。
[3] 厚みが10~50μmである、[1]または[2]に記載の位相差フィルム。
[4] 下記式(I)で定義され、23℃55%RH下、波長590nmにおいて測定される面内方向のレターデーションR0(590)が20~130nmであり、下記式(II)で定義され、23℃55%RH下、波長590nmにおいて測定される厚み方向のレターデーションRt(590)が100~300nmである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム。
式(I):R0(λ)=(nx-ny)×d
式(II):Rt(λ)=[(nx+ny)/2-nz]×d
(式中、
λは、測定光の波長を示し;
nxは、フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率を示し;
nyは、フィルム面内の前記遅相軸と直交する方向の屈折率を示し;
nzは、フィルムの厚さ方向の屈折率を示し;
dは、フィルムの厚さを示す)
[6] 前記偏光子の他方の面に配置され、JIS Z 0208に準拠して測定される40℃90RH%下における透湿度が20~120g/m2・24hの保護フィルムをさらに含む、[5]に記載の偏光板。
[7] 液晶セルと、前記液晶セルを挟持する第一の偏光板および第二の偏光板とを含む液晶表示装置であって、前記第一の偏光板が、第一の偏光子と、前記第一の偏光子の前記液晶セルとは反対側の面に配置された保護フィルムF1と、前記第一の偏光子の前記液晶セル側の面に配置された位相差フィルムF2とを含み、前記第二の偏光板が、第二の偏光子と、前記第二の偏光子の前記液晶セル側の面に配置された位相差フィルムF3と、前記第二の偏光子の前記液晶セルとは反対側の面に配置された保護フィルムF4とを含み、前記位相差フィルムF2と前記位相差フィルムF3の一方または両方が、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルムである、液晶表示装置。
本発明の位相差フィルムは、セルロースエステルと、一般式(1)で表される化合物とを含み、必要に応じて位相差上昇剤や可塑剤などの他の添加剤をさらに含んでもよい。
セルロースエステルは、セルロースと、脂肪族カルボン酸または芳香族カルボン酸;好ましくは脂肪族カルボン酸とをエステル化反応させて得られる化合物である。即ち、セルロースエステルは、好ましくは脂肪族アシル基を含む。
セルロースエステルのアシル基置換度は、ASTM-D817-96に準じて測定することができる。
セルロースエステルの分子量分布(重量平均分子量Mw/数平均分子量Mn)は、1.0~4.5であることが好ましい。
セルロースエステルの重量平均分子量および分子量分布は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定することができる。測定条件は以下の通りである。
溶媒:メチレンクロライド
カラム:Shodex K806、K805、K803G(昭和電工(株)製)を3本接続して使用する。
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度:0.1質量%
検出器:RI Model 504(GLサイエンス社製)
ポンプ:L6000(日立製作所(株)製)
流量:1.0ml/min
校正曲線:標準ポリスチレンSTK standardポリスチレン(東ソー(株)製)Mw=1.0×106~5.0×102までの13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用する。13サンプルは、分子量がほぼ等間隔となるように選択することが好ましい。
ジヒドロキシビフェニル化合物を原料として、分子内に2つのビフェニレン基を有するジグリシジル化合物を得る。上記ジグリシジル化合物は、グリシジル化されたジヒドロキシビフェニル化合物(a1-1)と、グリシジル化されたジヒドロキシビフェニル化合物のエポキシ加水開環物(a1-2)との開環付加物であるか(第1の合成法);ジヒドロキシビフェニル化合物と、グリシジル化されたジヒドロキシビフェニル化合物(a2-1)との開環付加物でありうる(第2の合成法)。
前記1)で得られた、分子内に2つのビフェニレン基を有するジグリシジル化合物(a1-3)または(a2-3)の両末端のグリシジル基を、モノカルボン酸と脱水縮合反応させて、一般式(1)で表される化合物を得る。
位相差上昇剤は、構成環が窒素原子を含有する複素環式化合物や、棒状化合物などでありうる。
Ar1-L12-X-L13-Ar2・・・(7)
可塑剤の例には、ポリエステル化合物、糖エステル化合物、多価アルコールエステル化合物、リン酸エステル化合物などが含まれる。
一般式(8)
B-(G-A)n-G-B
糖エステル化合物は、糖に含まれる水酸基とモノカルボン酸とを反応させて得られる化合物である。即ち、糖エステル化合物は、糖由来の構造と、(糖に含まれる)水酸基とモノカルボン酸との反応物由来のアシル基とを含む。
多価アルコールエステル化合物は、2価以上、好ましくは2~20価の脂肪族多価アルコールと、モノカルボン酸とのエステル化合物である。
水素結合性化合物は、高湿下におけるフィルムの寸法変化などを抑制するためなどから含有されうる。そのような水素結合性化合物は、特開2012-082235号公報に記載のものが含まれ;例えば、一般式(A-1)または(B-1)で表される化合物などでありうる。
剥離助剤は、下記(1)~(3)の要件を満たす有機酸であることが好ましい。このような有機酸は、無置換のカルボキシル基を有することから、溶液製膜法で位相差フィルムを得る際に、ドープ膜の金属支持体からの剥離性を改善しうる。
(1)多価アルコールと多価カルボン酸がエステル結合を形成して結合した構造を含む。
(2)多価アルコールと多価カルボン酸の分子数の合計が3以上である。
(3)多価カルボン酸由来の無置換のカルボキシル基を少なくとも1つ有する。
マット剤は、保護フィルムに滑り性を付与しうる。マット剤は、無機微粒子または有機微粒子でありうる。
(レターデーション)
位相差フィルムのレターデーションは、組み合わされる液晶セルの種類に応じて設定されうる。位相差フィルムの、23℃RH55%下、波長590nmで測定される面内レターデーションRo(590)は20~130nmであることが好ましく、30~100nmであることがより好ましい。厚さ方向のレターデーションRth(590)は100~300nmであることが好ましく、100~200nmであることがより好ましい。レターデーションが上記範囲である位相差フィルムは、例えばVA型液晶セルなどの位相差フィルムとして好適である。
式(I):R0=(nx-ny)×d(nm)
式(II):Rt={(nx+ny)/2-nz}×d(nm)
(式(I)および(II)において、
nxは、フィルムの面内方向において屈折率が最大になる遅相軸方向xにおける屈折率を表し;nyは、フィルムの面内方向において前記遅相軸方向xと直交する方向yにおける屈折率を表し;nzは、フィルムの厚み方向zにおける屈折率を表し;d(nm)は、フィルムの厚みを表す)
1)位相差フィルムを、23℃55%RHで調湿する。調湿後の位相差フィルムの平均屈折率をアッベ屈折計などで測定する。
2)調湿後の位相差フィルムに、当該フィルム表面の法線に平行に測定波長590nmの光を入射させたときのR0を、KOBRA21ADH、王子計測(株)にて測定する。
3)KOBRA21ADHにより、位相差フィルムの面内の遅相軸を傾斜軸(回転軸)として、位相差フィルムの表面の法線に対してθの角度(入射角(θ))から測定波長590nmの光を入射させたときのレターデーション値R(θ)を測定する。レターデーション値R(θ)の測定は、θが0°~50°の範囲で、10°毎に6点行うことができる。位相差フィルムの面内の遅相軸は、KOBRA21ADHにより確認することができる。
4)測定されたR0およびR(θ)と、前述の平均屈折率と膜厚とから、KOBRA21ADHにより、nx、nyおよびnzを算出して、測定波長590nmでのRthを算出する。レターデーションの測定は、23℃55%RH条件下で行うことができる。
ドープ液の調製に有用な有機溶媒は、セルロースエステルや一般式(1)で表される化合物などの上記各成分を同時に溶解するものであれば、制限なく用いることができる。
ドープ液を、送液ポンプ(例えば、加圧型定量ギヤポンプ)を通して加圧ダイに送液する。そして、加圧ダイのスリットから、無限に移送する無端の金属支持体上(例えばステンレスベルト、あるいは回転する金属ドラム等)の流延位置に、ドープ液を流延する。
金属支持体上に流延されたドープ液を金属支持体上で加熱して、ドープ液中の溶媒を蒸発させて、膜状物を得る。
残留溶媒量(%)=(膜状物の加熱処理前質量-膜状物の加熱処理後質量)/(膜状物の加熱処理後質量)×100
残留溶媒量を測定する際の加熱処理とは、140℃で1時間の加熱処理を行うことを表す。
得られたフィルムの延伸は、フィルムの幅方向(TD方向)、搬送方向(MD方向)または斜め方向のうち少なくとも一方向に延伸すればよい。フィルムの幅方向(TD方向)と搬送方向(MD方向)の両方に延伸する場合、フィルムの幅方向(TD方向)の延伸と搬送方向(MD方向)の延伸とは、逐次的に行ってもよいし、同時に行ってもよい。
本発明の偏光板は、偏光子と、その少なくとも一方の面に配置された位相差フィルムとを含む。
偏光子は、ヨウ素系偏光膜、または二色染料を用いた染料系偏光膜でありうる。ヨウ素系偏光膜および染料系偏光膜は、一般的には、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを一軸延伸した後、ヨウ素または二色性染料で染色して得られたフィルムであってもよいし;ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムをヨウ素または二色性染料で染色した後、一軸延伸したフィルム(好ましくは、さらにホウ素化合物で耐久性処理を施したフィルム)であってもよい。偏光子の吸収軸は、フィルムの延伸方向と平行である。
偏光子の他方の面には、保護フィルムが配置されうる。保護フィルムは、特に制限されず、例えば(メタ)アクリル樹脂フィルム、ポリエステルフィルム、セルロースエステルフィルムなどでありうる。
本発明の偏光板は、一般的な方法で作製することができる。ヨウ素溶液中に浸漬延伸して作製した偏光子の一方の面に、本発明の位相差フィルムを貼り合わせ;偏光子の他方の面に、保護フィルムを貼り合わせて得ることができる。
活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤は、紫外線硬化型接着剤を用いることが好ましい。位相差フィルムまたは保護フィルムと偏光子との貼り合わせに、紫外線硬化型接着剤を適用することで、薄膜でも強度が高く、平面性に優れた偏光板を得ることができる。
前処理工程は、保護フィルムの偏光子との接着面に易接着処理を行う工程である。易接着処理としては、コロナ処理、プラズマ処理等が挙げられる。
紫外線硬化型接着剤の塗布工程では、偏光子と保護フィルムとの接着面のうち少なくとも一方に、上記紫外線硬化型接着剤を塗布する。偏光子または位相差フィルムの表面に直接、紫外線硬化型接着剤を塗布する場合、その塗布方法に特段の限定はない。例えば、ドクターブレード、ワイヤーバー、ダイコーター、カンマコーター、グラビアコーター等、種々の湿式塗布方式が利用できる。また、偏光子と位相差フィルムの間に、紫外線硬化型接着剤を流延させた後、ローラー等で加圧して均一に押し広げる方法も利用できる。
上記の方法により紫外線硬化型接着剤を塗布した後は、貼合工程で処理される。この貼合工程では、例えば、先の塗布工程で偏光子の表面に紫外線硬化型接着剤を塗布した場合、そこに保護フィルムが重ね合わされる。また、はじめに保護フィルムの表面に紫外線硬化型接着剤を塗布する方式の場合には、そこに偏光子が重ね合わされる。また、偏光子と保護フィルムの間に紫外線硬化型接着剤を流延させた場合は、その状態で偏光子と保護フィルムとが重ね合わされる。そして、通常は、この状態で両面の保護フィルム側から加圧ローラー等で挟んで加圧することになる。加圧ローラーの材質は、金属やゴム等を用いることが可能である。両面に配置される加圧ローラーは、同じ材質であってもよいし、異なる材質であってもよい。
硬化工程では、未硬化の紫外線硬化型接着剤に紫外線を照射して、カチオン重合性化合物(例えば、エポキシ化合物やオキセタン化合物)やラジカル重合性化合物(例えば、アクリレート系化合物、アクリルアミド系化合物等)を含む紫外線硬化型接着剤層を硬化させる。それにより、紫外線硬化型接着剤を介して重ね合わせた偏光子と保護フィルムとを接着させる。偏光子の片面に保護フィルムを貼合する場合、活性エネルギー線は、偏光子側または保護フィルム側のいずれから照射してもよい。また、偏光子の両面に保護フィルムを貼合する場合、偏光子の両面にそれぞれ紫外線硬化型接着剤を介して保護フィルムを重ね合わせた状態で、紫外線を照射し、両面の紫外線硬化型接着剤を同時に硬化させるのが有利である。
本発明の液晶表示装置は、液晶セルと、それを挟持する一対の偏光板とを含む。そして、一対の偏光板の少なくとも一方を本発明の偏光板としうる。
1)添加剤A
合成例1~3で得られる添加剤A-1~A-3
合成例1で得られた添加剤A-1から上記化合物(a1-4)を単離して、化合物(a1-4)100質量%からなる添加剤A-3を得た。
(実施例1)
下記成分を加熱しながら十分に攪拌および溶解させて、ドープを調製した。
(ドープの組成)
ジアセチルセルロース(アセチル基置換度2.3、重量平均分子量(Mw)18.5万):100質量部
添加剤A-1(一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む添加剤):1質量部
マット剤:R972V(日本アエロジル社製、シリカ粒子、平均粒径=16nm):0.20質量部
メチレンクロライド:300質量部
エタノール:40質量部
次いで、延伸後のフィルムを、乾燥ゾーンを多数のロールで搬送させながら乾燥を終了させた。乾燥温度は130℃で、搬送張力は100N/mとした。以上のようにして、乾燥膜厚30μmの位相差フィルム101を得た。
添加剤Aの種類を、表6に示されるように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして膜厚30μmの位相差フィルム102~106を得た。
ドープ組成を以下のように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして位相差フィルム107を得た。
(ドープの組成)
ジアセチルセルロース(アセチル基置換度2.3、重量平均分子量(Mw)18.5万):100質量部
添加剤A-3(一般式(1)で表される化合物):1質量部
化合物B-1(位相差上昇剤):3質量部
マット剤:R972V(日本アエロジル社製、シリカ粒子、平均粒径=16nm):0.20質量部
メチレンクロライド:300質量部
エタノール:40質量部
添加剤の組成を表7に示されるように変更した以外は実施例4と同様にして膜厚30μmの位相差フィルム108~118を得た。
ドープ組成を以下のように変更し、かつ位相差フィルムの膜厚を表8に示されるように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして位相差フィルム119を得た。
(ドープの組成)
ジアセチルセルロース(アセチル基置換度2.3、重量平均分子量(Mw)18.5万):100質量部
添加剤A-3(一般式(1)で表される化合物):1質量部
化合物B-2(位相差上昇剤):4質量部
マット剤:R972V(日本アエロジル社製、シリカ粒子、平均粒径=16nm):0.20質量部
メチレンクロライド:300質量部
エタノール:40質量部
添加剤Aと添加剤Bの添加量および位相差フィルムの膜厚を表8に示されるように変更した以外は実施例10と同様にして位相差フィルム120~124を得た。
得られたフィルム表面を、顕微鏡により倍率50倍、反射モードにて、析出の有無を観察した。そして、以下の基準に基づいて析出の有無を評価した。
○:顕微鏡でも析出が確認されない
△:目視では析出は確認できないが、顕微鏡ではやや析出が確認される
×:顕微鏡でも析出が確認される
××:顕微鏡でも析出が比較的多く確認される
得られたフィルムのレターデーションR0およびRthを、以下の手順で測定した。
1)フィルムを、23℃55%RHで調湿した。調湿後のフィルムの平均屈折率をアッベ屈折計などで測定した。
2)調湿後のフィルムに、当該フィルム表面の法線に平行に測定波長590nmの光を入射させたときのR0を、KOBRA21ADH、王子計測(株)にて測定した。
3)KOBRA21ADHにより、フィルムの面内の遅相軸を傾斜軸(回転軸)として、フィルム表面の法線に対してθの角度(入射角(θ))から測定波長590nmの光を入射させたときのレターデーション値R(θ)を測定した。レターデーション値R(θ)の測定は、θが0°~50°の範囲で、10°毎に6点行った。フィルム面内の遅相軸は、KOBRA21ADHにより確認した。
4)測定されたR0およびR(θ)と、前述の平均屈折率と膜厚とから、KOBRA21ADHにより、nx、nyおよびnzを算出して、測定波長590nmでのRthを算出した。レターデーションの測定は、23℃55%RH条件下で行った。
(実施例13)
偏光子の作製
厚さ120μmの長尺ロールポリビニルアルコールフィルムを沃素1質量部、ホウ酸4質量部を含む水溶液100質量部に浸漬し、50℃で、搬送方向の延伸倍率6倍に延伸して、厚み15μmの偏光子を得た。
以下に示されるように、上記作製した位相差フィルム108をアルカリケン化処理した後、水洗、中和および水洗した。
ケン化工程 2M-NaOH 50℃ 90秒
水洗工程 水 30℃ 45秒
中和工程 10質量%HCl 30℃ 45秒
水洗工程 水 30℃ 45秒
その後、位相差フィルム108を80℃で乾燥させた。
(紫外線硬化型接着剤液の調製)
下記の各成分を混合した後、脱泡して、紫外線硬化型接着剤液を調製した。なお、トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートは、50%プロピレンカーボネート溶液として配合し、下記にはトリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートの固形分量を表示した。
3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル-3,4-エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート:45質量部
エポリードGT-301(ダイセル化学社製の脂環式エポキシ樹脂):40質量部
1,4-ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル:15質量部
トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート:2.3質量部
9,10-ジブトキシアントラセン:0.1質量部
1,4-ジエトキシナフタレン:2.0質量部
下記の方法に従って、偏光板201を作製した。アクリル樹脂フィルム1の表面にコロナ放電処理を施した。なお、コロナ放電処理の条件は、コロナ出力強度2.0kW、ライン速度18m/分とした。次いで、アクリル樹脂フィルム1のコロナ放電処理面に、上記調製した紫外線硬化型接着剤液を、硬化後の膜厚が約3μmとなるようにバーコーターで塗工して紫外線硬化型接着剤層を形成した。
SONY製40型ディスプレイBRAVIA KLV-40J3000(VA方式)から、一対の偏光板を取り外した。そして、得られた液晶セルの両面に、上記作製した偏光板201をそれぞれ貼り合わせて、液晶表示装置301を得た。偏光板の貼り合わせは、位相差フィルム108が液晶セルに接し、かつ位相差フィルム108の遅相軸と、予め貼られていた偏光板の位相差フィルムの遅相軸とが平行となるようにした。
保護フィルムをアクリル樹脂フィルム2(住友化学社製テクノロイS000、厚み75μm、透湿度:50g/m2・day)に変更した以外は実施例13と同様にして偏光板202を得た後、液晶表示装置302を得た。
保護フィルムをPETフィルム(東洋紡社製コスモシャインA4100、厚み100μm、透湿度:30g/m2・day)に変更した以外は実施例13と同様にして偏光板203を得た後、液晶表示装置303を得た。
液晶表示装置の白表示時の表示画面の法線方向からの輝度と、黒表示時の表示画面の法線方向からの輝度とを、それぞれELDIM社製EZ-Contrast160Dを用いて測定した。得られた値を、下記式に当てはめて正面コントラストとして算出した。輝度の測定は、23℃55%RHの環境下で行った。
正面コントラスト=(表示装置の法線方向から測定した白表示の輝度)/(表示装置の法線方向から測定した黒表示の輝度)
○:正面コントラストが3000以上
△:正面コントラストが2000以上3000未満
×:正面コントラストが2000未満
30 液晶セル
50 第一の偏光板
51 第一の偏光子
53 保護フィルム(F1)
55 位相差フィルム(F2)
70 第二の偏光板
71 第二の偏光子
73 位相差フィルム(F3)
75 保護フィルム(F4)
90 バックライト
Claims (7)
- 環構成原子が窒素原子を有する1種類以上の複素環式化合物をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 厚みが10~50μmである、請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 下記式(I)で定義され、23℃55%RH下、波長590nmにおいて測定される面内方向のレターデーションR0(590)が20~130nmであり、
下記式(II)で定義され、23℃55%RH下、波長590nmにおいて測定される厚み方向のレターデーションRt(590)が100~300nmである、請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム。
式(I):R0(λ)=(nx-ny)×d
式(II):Rt(λ)=[(nx+ny)/2-nz]×d
(式中、
λは、測定光の波長を示し;
nxは、フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈折率を示し;
nyは、フィルム面内の前記遅相軸と直交する方向の屈折率を示し;
nzは、フィルムの厚さ方向の屈折率を示し;
dは、フィルムの厚さを示す) - 偏光子と、前記偏光子の一方の面に配置された請求項1に記載の位相差フィルムとを含む、偏光板。
- 前記偏光子の他方の面に配置され、JIS Z 0208に準拠して測定される40℃90RH%下における透湿度が20~120g/m2・24hの保護フィルムをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の偏光板。
- 液晶セルと、前記液晶セルを挟持する第一の偏光板および第二の偏光板とを含む液晶表示装置であって、
前記第一の偏光板が、第一の偏光子と、前記第一の偏光子の前記液晶セルとは反対側の面に配置された保護フィルムF1と、前記第一の偏光子の前記液晶セル側の面に配置された位相差フィルムF2とを含み、
前記第二の偏光板が、第二の偏光子と、前記第二の偏光子の前記液晶セル側の面に配置された位相差フィルムF3と、前記第二の偏光子の前記液晶セルとは反対側の面に配置された保護フィルムF4とを含み、
前記位相差フィルムF2と前記位相差フィルムF3の一方または両方が、請求項1に記載の位相差フィルムである、液晶表示装置。
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WO2016143634A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶性化合物、液晶組成物、液晶内包複合材料およびそれらをもちいた液晶表示素子 |
JP2016173467A (ja) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | Dic株式会社 | 光学フィルム及び液晶表示装置 |
JP2017191153A (ja) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-19 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
JP2017194620A (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-26 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
WO2021187235A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-23 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物、硬化物及び電気・電子部品 |
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