WO2015000330A1 - 一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法 - Google Patents

一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法 Download PDF

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WO2015000330A1
WO2015000330A1 PCT/CN2014/076155 CN2014076155W WO2015000330A1 WO 2015000330 A1 WO2015000330 A1 WO 2015000330A1 CN 2014076155 W CN2014076155 W CN 2014076155W WO 2015000330 A1 WO2015000330 A1 WO 2015000330A1
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lychee
litchi
preservation
browning
fruit
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PCT/CN2014/076155
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English (en)
French (fr)
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屈红霞
蒋跃明
黄梓辉
王慧
张正科
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中国科学院华南植物园
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Publication of WO2015000330A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015000330A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23BPRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/153Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23B7/154Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/40Colouring or decolouring of foods
    • A23L5/41Retaining or modifying natural colour by use of additives, e.g. optical brighteners

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of fruit preservation, and particularly relates to a method for protecting the color of litchi against brown color.
  • Background - branches branch off another 1 J name, scientific name Litchi chinensis Sonn, English or Litchi Lychee.
  • the branches are rich in nutrients, each 100g of pulp, water content 84g, carbohydrate 14g, fat 0.6g, protein 0.7g, vitamin C 36mg, riboflavin 0.04mg, niacin 0.4mg; high commodity value, is citrus, banana 4-10 times. They have been beautifully colored and scented, and have been loved by people since ancient times. However, they are not resistant to storage.
  • Lychee matures in high temperature summers, is highly perishable and deteriorates, and is one of the most unreliable fruits. Lychee is a subtropical fruit in China. It is mainly grown in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Hainan provinces. It is mainly sold domestically. According to the statistics in 2011, the planting area of China's litchi is 555,600 hm 2 and the total output is 1.758 million tons, respectively. Litchi planting area and total yield of 80% and 75%. Every year, China’s losses due to decay account for more than 20% of total production.
  • the domestic short-distance transportation of Litchi mainly uses the foam box and ice method.
  • the ice content reaches 50%, the lowest temperature of the fruit drops to 6 °C, and after 72 hours, it rises to 27 °C, lower than room temperature. Therefore, this method can make the litchis sell at room temperature for 3 days and nights, keeping the original bright red. Color, the flavor is unchanged, the fruit rate is 93%, and the water loss is no more than 3%.
  • the shelf life is relatively short. As the ice cubes melt during transportation, the temperature inside the foam box rises rapidly, which can easily lead to rot and deterioration of the litchi.
  • lychee In some countries in the world, such as South Africa, Australia, Israel and other countries, the export of lychee is mainly using sulfur dioxide gas fumigation, red chloride and red chain storage and transportation.
  • the lychee has a better color and can extend the lychee storage period to one month. Litchi is prone to browning after it leaves the cold environment.
  • the purchase cost of refrigerated trucks is relatively high, and the refrigeration unit work increases fuel consumption, so the investment in refrigerated fresh-keeping transportation is relatively high (Yang Songxia et al., Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 16: 196-199)
  • Apple Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by apples during the growth process, including catechins, proanthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcone, flavonols, anthocyanins. Classes, etc. Apple polyphenols are a class of strong antioxidants that have the functions of scavenging free radicals, anti-oxidation, preventing cancer, lowering blood pressure, preventing heart disease, anti-caries, anti-allergy, and anti-virus. The ability of apple polyphenols to scavenge superoxide anion radicals is 10-30 times higher than that of vitamin E. Compared with other common polyphenols, apples are not only rich in polyphenols, but also have more effective functions.
  • Apples Polyphenols have better antioxidant capacity and anti-caries effect than tea polyphenols.
  • apple polyphenols have better flavor and solubility, which is beneficial to the addition of foods and medicines.
  • Apple polyphenols do not have clinical routine pathological phenomena under the average dietary intake level, so apple polyphenols are very safe food additives and nutritional supplements, and have a wide range in food, medicine, and daily chemical industries. Application prospects (Yang Wei et al., Food Research and Development, 2012, 33 (1): 193-196).
  • Patent 101810697A discloses the use of apple polyphenols in the preparation of liver protection medicines, health foods or foods. Summary of the invention:
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lychee anti-brown color protection which can reduce the rot rate of lychee, prevent lychee browning to maintain its original color, maintain fruit quality and prolong the fresh-keeping period, and has simple and green safety method. Fresh method.
  • the lychee fresh-keeping liquid is an apple polyphenol aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 0.05 to 5%.
  • the lychee fruit is soaked in the lychee fresh-keeping solution for 0.5 ⁇ 10min, preferably for 1 ⁇ 3 minutes.
  • the lychee fresh-keeping liquid is an apple polyphenol aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 0.05 to 5%, and preferably an aqueous solution of apple polyphenol having a mass fraction of 0.2 to 0.5%.
  • the packaging of the fresh-keeping bag is preferably covered with a film bag having a thickness of 0.01 to 0.03 mm, and the film bag is mainly for preventing water loss from litchi.
  • the storage can be selected at a normal temperature or a low temperature according to the distance of transportation and the storage time to select a suitable storage temperature. Combined with cold storage (1-4 ° C) storage and freezer trucks, the preservation effect is better.
  • the preservation method of the present invention can be used not only for the anti-brown color protection of lychee, but also for the preservation of longan, banana and mango.
  • the apple polyphenol of the present invention can be used in combination with a conventional chemical bactericide such as Tecto to enhance the freshness preservation effect and expand the range of use thereof.
  • the citrus product rate can be increased by 15-45%.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of apple polyphenols of Example 1 on the browning index of litchi fruits
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the effect of apple polyphenols of Example 1 on the commodity rate of litchi fruits
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the fresh-keeping effect of the litchi anti-brown color protection fresh-keeping method of the first embodiment on the litchi. detailed description:
  • browning index ⁇ (brown variation number X fruit number) I Total fruit number.
  • the fruit rate of the commodity is counted, and the grade 0 and grade 1 fruits are regarded as fruits with commercial value, and the grades 2 to 4 are regarded as inferior fruits, which have no commercial value.
  • the formula for calculating the fruit rate is as follows:
  • Commodity rate% (0 grade fruit +1 grade browning fruit number) X 100/total fruit count
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 The experimental results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. It can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that apple polyphenol has a significant effect on reducing the litchi browning index and increasing the commodity rate. And the browning effect is from good to bad in order of 0.5%, 0.2% and 0.1% of the aqueous solution of apple polyphenol. Stored at room temperature for 6 days, the browning index was 26.25%, 30.45% and 31.63%, respectively, which was 41.68%, 37.48% and 36.3% lower than the control (67.93%). Commodity rate (0+1 grade brown fruit accounted for total fruit count) The percentages were 69.0%, 63.37% and 63.27% from high to low, which were 44.76%, 39.12% and 39.02% higher than the control (24.24%).
  • Freshly harvested, eight to nine mature litchi fruits are sorted to eliminate pests and diseases, and to obtain litchi fruits without mechanical damage and pests.
  • the control and the treated fruit were respectively soaked in water and freshly prepared aqueous solution of apple polyphenol (0.05 g of apple polyphenol dissolved in 100 ml of water) with a mass fraction of 0.05%, and the apple polyphenol aqueous solution on the surface of the fruit was taken out to dry. After that, it is packed in a 0.01 mm thick polyethylene film bag, 20 fruits/bag, 5 bags per fruit, and stored at 25 °C for 5 days. And control In comparison, after treatment with 0.05% aqueous solution of apple polyphenols, the browning index of litchi fruits decreased by 10-23%, and the commodity rate increased by 15-30%.
  • Freshly harvested, eight to nine mature litchi fruits are sorted to eliminate pests and diseases, and to obtain litchi fruits without mechanical damage and pests.
  • the control and the treated fruit were respectively soaked in water and freshly prepared aqueous solution of apple polyphenol (5 g of apple polyphenol dissolved in 100 ml of water) for 0.5 min, and the apple polyphenol aqueous solution on the surface of the fruit was taken out and dried. It is packed in a 0.03 mm thick polyethylene film bag, 20 fruits/bag, 5 bags per fruit, and stored at 25 °C for 6 days.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:选择晴天采收、八至九成熟、无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实;将荔枝果实浸泡于荔枝保鲜液中0.5〜10min,取出待果实表面的荔枝保鲜液晾干后,用保鲜袋包装后贮藏;所述的荔枝保鲜液为质量分数为0.05〜5%的苹果多酚水溶液。

Description

一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法 技术领域:
本发明属于水果保鲜领域, 具体涉及一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法。 背景技术- 枝另1 J名离枝, 学名 Litchi chinensis Sonn. , 英文名 Litchi或 Lychee。 枝 营养丰富,每 100g果肉中,含水分 84g,碳水化合物 14g,脂肪 0.6g,蛋白质 0.7g, 维生素 C 36mg, 核黄素 0.04mg, 尼克酸 0.4mg; 商品价值高, 是柑桔、 香蕉的 4-10倍。 它们色香味美, 古往今来一直受到人们的喜爱, 但不耐贮藏, 素有"一 日而色变, 二日而香变, 三日而味变, 四、 五日色香味去矣"之说。 荔枝成熟于 高温的夏季, 极易腐烂变质, 是最不耐贮藏的水果之一。 荔枝是我国亚热带特色 水果, 主要种植于广东、 广西、 福建和海南等省份, 内销为主, 据 2011 年统计 数据显示, 我国荔枝种植面积 55.56 万 hm2、 总产量 175.8 万 t, 分别约占世界 荔枝种植面积和总产量的 80%和 75%。 每年我国因腐烂而造成的损失占总产量 的 20%以上。随着种植面积扩大和产量的不断提高, 荔枝、龙眼在世界果品产业 中的地位越来越重要, 采后防腐防褐问题也越来越突出, 而搞好荔枝防腐保鲜工 作, 对保障市场供给、 增加果农收入及出口创汇都有重要意义。
目前荔枝国内短途运销主要采用泡沫箱加冰法。加冰量达 50%时,果实最低 温降至 6°C, 72小时后回升至 27°C, 低于室温, 因此, 这种方法可以使荔枝在 常温条件下运销 3昼夜, 保持原来的鲜红色, 风味不变, 好果率达 93%, 水分损 失不超过 3%。 但是保鲜期比较短, 在运输过程中随着冰块的融化, 泡沫箱内温 度迅速上升, 极易导致荔枝腐烂变质。并且该种保鲜方式会导致荔枝运达销售地 拆开包装后褐变迅速, 货架期很短, 影响销售价格。 而北运(运往黑龙江、 辽宁 等省份) 和海运出口的荔枝运输时间长, 必须采用冷藏 (3-5 °C、 相对湿度为 90%-95%) 法保鲜。 冷藏保鲜在运输过程中温度均匀恒定, 荔枝保鲜效果较好。 运输过程中调节冷藏箱内的温度为 3-5 °C。 冷藏荔枝在入库前需经过浸药、 包装 等保鲜处理。 国际上一些国家, 如南非、 澳大利亚、 以色列等国, 荔枝出口保鲜 多采用二氧化硫气体熏蒸、经稀盐酸复红后再冷链贮运的方法, 这种方法可以保 持荔枝较好的颜色, 并可以将荔枝贮藏期延长到 1个月。 荔枝脱离冷藏环境后 容易发生褐变。相比于一般运输车辆, 冷藏车的购买费用比较高, 并且制冷机组 工作增加了耗油量,因此冷藏保鲜运输投资相对较高(杨松夏等,广东农业科学, 2012, 16: 196-199)
近年来, 先进技术、 设备的应用使荔枝保鲜技术取得了一些可喜的进步,但 是目前我国荔枝保鲜技术滞后, 设备不足导致的荔枝运输损耗大、 品质下降快等 荔枝保鲜的根本问题尚未解决。再者, 化学防腐剂(如咪鲜胺、多菌灵、扑海因、 噻菌灵、 二氧化硫) 处理引起的环境和食品污染已成为消费者一个敏感的问题, 并且在一些发达国家, 化学杀菌剂已禁止在果蔬采后处理中使用; 另外, 化学防 腐剂尚未能从根本上控制水果采后病害的发生,抗药性问题也使得化学防治技术 面临严重的挑战。 当前我国荔枝出口面临农药残留和病虫害问题的双重困扰。因 此, 开发新型、 环保、 绿色、 安全的新型保鲜剂和贮运保鲜技术对发展我国水果 产业和出口创汇具有重要意义。
苹果多酚(Apple Polyphenols, AP)是苹果在生长过程中产生的次生代谢产 物, 主要包括儿茶素类、原花青素类、羟基肉桂酸类、二氢查耳酮类、黄酮醇类、 花色苷类等。 苹果多酚是一类很强的抗氧化剂, 具有清除自由基、 抗氧化、 预防 癌症、 降血压、 预防心脏病、 抗龋齿、 抗过敏、 抗病毒等功能特性。 苹果多酚清 除超氧阴离子自由基的能力是维生素 E抗氧化能力的 10 -30倍; 与其它常见的 多酚相比, 苹果中不仅多酚种类十分丰富, 而且具有更有效的功能性, 苹果多酚 比茶多酚具有更好的抗氧化能力以及抗龋齿效果。此外, 苹果多酚具有更好的风 味和溶解性, 利于食品和药品的添加。苹果多酚在平均的膳食摄入水平下, 不会 出现临床学上的常规病理现象,所以苹果多酚是很安全的食品添加剂和营养补充 剂, 在食品、 医药、 日用化工等领域有广阔的应用前景 (杨薇等, 食品研究与开 发, 2012, 33 ( 1 ): 193-196)。 专利 101810697A公布了苹果多酚在制备护肝药 物、 保健食品或食品中的应用。 发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种能够降低荔枝的腐烂率、防止荔枝褐变从而保持其 原色、保持果实品质并延长保鲜期, 使用方法简单、 绿色安全的荔枝防褐护色保 鲜方法。
本发明的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( a) 选择晴天采收、 八至九成熟、 无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实;
(b )将荔枝果实浸泡于荔枝保鲜液中 0.5~10min,取出待果实表面的荔枝保 鲜液晾干后, 用保鲜袋包装后贮藏;
所述的荔枝保鲜液为质量分数为 0.05~5%的苹果多酚水溶液。
所述的将荔枝果实浸泡于荔枝保鲜液中 0.5~10min优选浸泡时间为 1~3 min。 所述的荔枝保鲜液为质量分数为 0.05~5%的苹果多酚水溶液,其优选为质量 分数为 0.2~0.5%的苹果多酚水溶液。
所述的用保鲜袋包装优选用厚度为 0.01~0.03mm的薄膜袋覆盖包装,薄膜袋 主要是防止荔枝失水。
所述的贮藏可根据运输距离远近和贮运时间选择合适的贮藏温度,进行常温 或者低温贮藏。 结合冷库中 (1-4°C ) 贮藏和冷柜车装运保鲜效果更好。
本发明的保鲜方法不但可以用于荔枝的防褐护色,还可以用于龙眼、香蕉和 芒果的保鲜。
根据情况, 可以将本发明苹果多酚与特克多等传统化学杀菌剂混合使用,以 增强保鲜效果和扩大其使用范围。
荔枝果实经过本发明的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法处理后,可提高荔枝的商品率 15-45%。 附图说明:
图 1是实施例 1的苹果多酚对荔枝果实褐变指数的影响;
图 2是实施例 1的苹果多酚对荔枝果实商品率的影响;
图 3是实施例 1的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法对荔枝的保鲜效果。 具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明, 而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例 1:
1、 材料: 荔枝 (Litchi chinenis, So 采自高州地区, 品种为 "白蜡"。 2、 处理方式: 晴天新鲜采收的、 八至九成熟的荔枝果实, 进行分选, 以便 剔除病虫果、残次果, 得到无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实。对照和处理果分别 用清水和新鲜配制的不同浓度的苹果多酚水溶液(将苹果多酚溶于水中, 具体浓 度如表 1和表 2所示) 浸泡 3 min, 取出待果实表面的苹果多酚水溶液晾干后, 用 0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋包装, 20个果 /袋, 每处理 5袋果, 25 °C贮藏 6d。
3、 褐变分级标准及褐变指数
按褐变程度由低到高分为 5级: 0级, 无褐变; 1级, 褐变面积≤25% (轻微 褐变); 2级, 25%<褐变面积≤50%; 3级, 50%<褐变面积≤75%; 4级, 褐变面 积>75%以上。 褐变指数 =∑ (褐变级数 X果数) I 总果数。
4、 商品果率
根据以上褐变分级结果, 统计商品果率, 0级和 1级果视为具有商品价值的 果实, 2级 -4级视为劣质果, 不具备商业价值。 商品果率计算公式如下:
商品率%= ( 0级果 +1级褐变果个数) X 100/总果数
5、 实验结果及分析
实验结果如图 1和图 2所示, 从图 1、 图 2可以看出, 苹果多酚对降低荔枝 褐变指数和提高商品率方面有显著效果。并且防褐效果由好到差依次为质量分数 0.5%、 0.2%和 0.1%的苹果多酚水溶液。 常温贮藏 6d, 褐变指数依次为 26.25%、 30.45%和 31.63%, 分别比对照 ( 67.93% ) 降低 41.68%、 37.48%和 36.3%; 商品 率(0+1级褐变果占总果数的百分数)由高到低依次为 69.0%、 63.37%和 63.27%, 分别比对照 (24.24%) 提高 44.76%、 39.12%和 39.02%。
结果表明, 苹果多酚具有显著的防褐护色作用 (图 3 ), 可以显著提高荔枝 商品果率; 并且具有浓度效应, 在实验范围内浓度越高防褐护色效果越好。
实施例 2:
材料: 荔枝 Litchi chinenis, So 采自高州地区, 品种为 "玉荷包"。
处理方式: 晴天新鲜采收的、 八至九成熟的荔枝果实, 进行分选, 以便剔除 病虫果、残次果, 得到无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实。对照和处理果分别用清 水和新鲜配制的质量分数为 0.05%的苹果多酚水溶液 (将 0.05g的苹果多酚溶于 100ml的水中)浸泡 10 min, 取出待果实表面的苹果多酚水溶液晾干后, 用 0.01 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋包装, 20个果 /袋, 每处理 5袋果, 25 °C贮藏 5d。 与对照 相比, 经 0.05%的苹果多酚水溶液处理后, 荔枝果实褐变指数降低 10-23%, 商 品率提高 15-30%。
实施例 3:
材料: 荔枝 Litchi chinenis, Sorm. 采自广州地区, 品种为 "桂味"。
处理方式: 晴天新鲜采收的、 八至九成熟的荔枝果实, 进行分选, 以便剔除 病虫果、残次果, 得到无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实。对照和处理果分别用清 水和新鲜配制的质量分数为 5%的苹果多酚水溶液(将 5g的苹果多酚溶于 100ml 的水中)浸泡 0.5min, 取出待果实表面的苹果多酚水溶液晾干后, 用 0.03 mm厚 的聚乙烯薄膜袋包装, 20个果 /袋, 每处理 5袋果, 25 °C贮藏 6d。
与对照相比, 经 5%的苹果多酚水溶液处理后, 荔枝果实褐变指数降低 35-79%, 商品率提高 32-45%。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( a) 选择晴天采收、 八至九成熟、 无机械损伤和病虫害的荔枝果实;
(b ) 将荔枝果实浸泡于荔枝保鲜液中 0.5~10min, 取出待果实表面的荔 枝保鲜液晾干后, 用保鲜袋包装后贮藏;
所述的荔枝保鲜液为质量分数为 0.05~5%的苹果多酚水溶液。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法, 其特征在于, 所述的将 荔枝果实浸泡于荔枝保鲜液中, 其浸泡时间为 l~3 min。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法, 其特征在于, 所述的荔 枝保鲜液为质量分数为 0.2~0.5%的苹果多酚水溶液。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法, 其特征在于, 所述的用 保鲜袋包装是用厚度为 0.01~0.03mm的薄膜袋覆盖包装。
PCT/CN2014/076155 2013-07-03 2014-04-24 一种荔枝防褐护色保鲜方法 WO2015000330A1 (zh)

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