WO2014183550A1 - 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰甾醇和/或磷脂酰甾烷醇及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰甾醇和/或磷脂酰甾烷醇及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2014183550A1
WO2014183550A1 PCT/CN2014/076313 CN2014076313W WO2014183550A1 WO 2014183550 A1 WO2014183550 A1 WO 2014183550A1 CN 2014076313 W CN2014076313 W CN 2014076313W WO 2014183550 A1 WO2014183550 A1 WO 2014183550A1
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phosphatidyl
alcohol
polyunsaturated fatty
sterol
fatty acyl
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PCT/CN2014/076313
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张雅茹
王西岭
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Zhang Yaru
Wang Xiling
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Publication of WO2014183550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014183550A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L11/00Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/60Drinks from legumes, e.g. lupine drinks
    • A23L11/65Soy drinks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J9/00Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C11/00Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions
    • A23C11/02Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins
    • A23C11/10Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins
    • A23C11/103Milk substitutes, e.g. coffee whitener compositions containing at least one non-milk component as source of fats or proteins containing or not lactose but no other milk components as source of fats, carbohydrates or proteins containing only proteins from pulses, oilseeds or nuts, e.g. nut milk
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23DEDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/007Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A23D9/013Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A23L33/11Plant sterols or derivatives thereof, e.g. phytosterols
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A23L33/12Fatty acids or derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J51/00Normal steroids with unmodified cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not provided for in groups C07J1/00 - C07J43/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P33/00Preparation of steroids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/64Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
    • C12P7/6436Fatty acid esters
    • C12P7/6445Glycerides
    • C12P7/6481Phosphoglycerides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an enzyme-catalyzed method for preparing a polyphosphoryl acyl-rich phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl stanol and a preparation method thereof; and verifying a phosphatidyl alcohol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups and/or Or phosphatidyl alkanol as a functional food or medicine for reducing the cholesterol and triglyceride content in plasma; and determining the application field of phosphatidyl sterol and/or phosphatidyl stanol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups And scope.
  • Cardiovascular diseases have become an important disease that is harmful to human health. These diseases are complicated, but they are closely related to abnormal lipid metabolism. Numerous studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is directly associated with cardiovascular disease, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely related to cardiovascular attacks. People with combined high blood lipids even have a higher risk of developing heart disease. Elevated levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are generally considered to be the cause and hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Lowering cholesterol levels and lowering triglyceride levels are considered to be the main strategies for preventing cardiovascular disease.
  • LDL low-density lipoprotein
  • HDL high-density lipoprotein
  • Plant alcohol is the basic chemical constituent of plants and is less commonly found in vegetable oils such as corn oil, soybean oil or other vegetable oils. In vegetable oils, they are present in the form of free alcohols, fatty acid esters and glycosides. Plant alcohols are chemically similar to cholesterol, with the main difference being the carbon scaffolding of their molecular side chains.
  • the most common plant alcohols in nature include beta-salt, rapeseed alcohol, campesterol, and sterol.
  • a saturated plant alcohol produced by reduction of a plant alcohol is called a plant alkanol, such as a vegetable oil alkanol.
  • campestanol or sitostanol.
  • plant alcohols are similar to that of cholesterol. They can form a limited competition with cholesterol in the small intestine. They can replace some of the cholesterol that is absorbed, and the plant alcohol itself cannot be used in the human body, thus reducing plasma low. The content of density cholesterol. However, plant alcohols are insoluble in water and have low solubility in oil, thus greatly limiting their use in foods or pharmaceuticals. Much research has been carried out around the structural modification of plant alcohols. More common work involves the chemical and/or enzymatic conversion of hydroxy groups at the 3-position of the plant alcohol with free fatty acids to produce plant sterol fatty acid esters.
  • Plants Fatty acid esters have high solubility in oils and fats, and can be conveniently applied to various foods without affecting the final taste, aroma and physical properties of the products.
  • vegetable alcohol esters can also be formulated into soft capsule formulations for clinical use in lowering cholesterol.
  • Phospholipid is a phosphate-containing lipid compound having a structure of a phosphoryl diglyceride fatty acid ester.
  • Phospholipids Different molecular structures can be divided into two major categories: glycerol phospholipids and sphingolipids. Phosphatidylserine
  • Phospholipids are an important component of cell membranes and are the basis for life-sustaining activities. Phospholipids have many functions such as improving brain function, lowering cholesterol, and resisting mental stress.
  • Phospholipids of different origins have significantly different fatty acid compositions.
  • Plant-derived phospholipids such as soybean phospholipids, have a fatty acyl group attached to the 1-position Sn-1 and the 2-position Sn-2 of the glyceryl group, which are mostly saturated fatty acyl or linoleoyl, linoleyl, and do not contain polysaturated polyene bonds.
  • Fatty acyl group such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Eicosapntemacnioc Acid (EPA), and the like.
  • animal-derived phospholipids such as deep-sea fish, Antarctic krill-derived phospholipids, whose glyceryl-based 1st Sn-1 and 2-position Sn-2 are linked to fatty acyl groups are polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups, such polyunsaturated fats.
  • the acyl group is mainly derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • animal-derived phospholipids have higher fatty acid content such as DHA and EPA, and have important physiological effects.
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA, have been shown to significantly reduce plasma triglyceride levels and are associated with cholesterol metabolism.
  • the so-called polyunsaturated fatty acids the present invention focuses on arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mixtures thereof.
  • AA arachidonic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • US 5,502,045 discloses the use of stanol fatty acid esters for reducing cholesterol absorption, but the use of toxic organic solvents in the preparation process and the preparation conditions are harsh.
  • US 2,372,990 discloses the preparation of phytol fatty acid esters by transesterification of ⁇ -sitol enriched with methylene chloride with fatty acid methyl esters. Also, toxic solvents are used in this preparation and the conditions are harsh.
  • US0068425 discloses a method for producing a vegetable alcohol fatty acid ester, but in the manufacturing process, a highly polluted thionyl chloride is used as a catalyst, and the operating conditions are severe, and it is difficult to industrially produce.
  • Publication No. 1982326A discloses a process for preparing a polyunsaturated fatty acid plant alcohol ester using a lower sodium alkoxide as a catalyst under high vacuum conditions, but the operating conditions are harsh and difficult to industrially produce.
  • EP98122412.4 discloses that vegetable alcohol esters and/or plant alkanol lipids having polyunsaturated fatty acids having 18 to 22 carbon atoms and at least 3 carbon-carbon double bonds are effective for reducing plasma cholesterol and triglycerides .
  • This patent discloses the use of polyunsaturated polyethylenic fatty acids, such as DHA, EPA, in combination with vegetable alcohols to form alcohol esters and to lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
  • the above alcohol ester structure is a fatty acid ester in which a fatty acid and an alcohol are directly bonded together by dehydration condensation of a carboxyl group of a fatty acid with a hydroxyl group of an alcohol.
  • Publication No. CN102365031 A discloses a method for preparing a phosphatidyl alcohol ester by catalyzing a plant alcohol/plant alkanol and a plant phospholipid using a lipid acyltransferase.
  • this patent discloses phosphatidyl phytol esters which are enzymatically catalyzed by plant alcohols and plant-derived phospholipids.
  • the phospholipid ester structure does not contain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA, DPA, EPA and the like.
  • a phospholipid choline containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group for example, a 1-position of Sn- ⁇ and/or a 2-position Sn-2 of a glyceryl group is a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group (especially arachidonic acid (AA), Phosphocholine choline of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mixtures thereof
  • Phospholipase D catalyzes transesterification with plant alcohols or plant alkanols to form phosphatidyl phytol or phosphatidyl alkanols containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups, and utilizes phosphatidyl plants containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups Sterols or phosphatidyl plant alkanols to
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a polyphosphoryl acyl-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol, and a preparation method and use thereof, which mainly solve the problem that the existing plant has poor alcohol solubility, low bioavailability and ester thereof.
  • Technical problems such as the use of toxic reagents, harsh reaction conditions, and inability to industrialize production are used in the preparation method.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a phosphatidyl alcohol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group and/or a phosphatidyl alkanol, and the structural formula is as follows:
  • Sn-1, Sn-2 and Sn-3 refer to the 1, 2 and 3 positions of the glyceride group in the phospholipid, respectively; and R 2 is a long carbon chain fatty acyl group, _R1 of the Sn-1 position
  • the _R 2 of the Sn-2 position is usually C 19 H 29 , _ C 19 H 31 , a C 21 H 31 , and a C 21 H 33 .
  • R 2 is _C 19 H 29
  • R 2 is derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (ie, EPA), and the carbonyl group to which C 19 H 29 is attached constitutes an eicosapentaenoyl acyl group.
  • the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position is an ester of an Ethylenepentaenoic acid corresponding to a glycerol molecule at the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position; if it is _C 19 H 31 , it means that R 2 is derived from Eicosatetraenoic acid or arachidonic acid, the carbonyl group to which _C 19 H 31 is attached constitutes an eicosatetraenoyl fatty acyl group, indicating that it is an eicosatetraenoic acid at the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position.
  • the linked carbonyl group constitutes a docosahexaenoyl fatty acid, which means that at the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position, a docosahexaenoic acid and a glycerol molecule correspond to a Sn-1 or Sn-2 alcohol formation.
  • R 2 is derived from docosapentaenoic acid (ie DPA), and the carbonyl group to which _C 21 H 33 is attached constitutes a docosapentaenoyl acyl group.
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • the carbonyl group to which _C 21 H 33 is attached constitutes a docosapentaenoyl acyl group.
  • the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position is an ester of a docosapentaenoic acid corresponding to a glycerol molecule at the Sn-1 or Sn-2 position; an X at the Sn-3 position is a different linking group.
  • the phospholipid compound is a phosphatidyl alcohol ester, which is referred to herein as a phosphatidyl alcohol; if an X is an alkanol, the phospholipid compound is a phosphatidyl alkanol ester, In accordance with the customary called phosphatidylcholine alcohol.
  • the field alcohol is preferably beta-saltol (i.e., beta-sitosterol) or succinol or a mixture thereof, most preferably beta-sitosterol.
  • the alkanol is preferably ⁇ -sitosterol or myristyl alcohol or a mixture thereof, most preferably ⁇ -sitosterol (Beta-sitosterol).
  • a method for preparing a phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group comprising the steps of: phosphatidylcholine containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group, for example, a 1-position Sn-1 of a glyceryl group And/or 2-position Sn-2 is a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group (especially arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), twenty-two a phospholipid choline of a polyunsaturated fatty acid such as hexaenoic acid (DHA) and an acyl group derived from a mixture thereof, and then in a two-phase mixed system of an aqueous phase and an organic solvent or a single phase system of an organic solvent containing a trace amount of water, in a phospholipid Under the catalysis
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acyl-containing phosphatidyl phytol or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention can lower cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma and effectively lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride content.
  • the present invention further relates to a phosphatidyl phytol or phospholipid containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group prepared by the present invention
  • a nutritional supplement food composition of an acyl plant alkanol can be in the form of a soft capsule, tablet, syrup or any other conventional dietary supplement delivery system.
  • the present invention further relates to a functional food comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acyl-containing phosphatidyl phytol or a phosphatidyl plant alkanol prepared by the present invention.
  • Such functional foods can be selected from the group consisting of dairy products, milk beverages, ice cream, baked goods, confectionery products, biscuits, soy products, pastries and breads, energy bars, soy sauces, flavorings, oils and fats, margarines, sauces, cereals , Beverages and mixed drinks, baby food (biscuits, purees, purees and cereals), strips, snacks, chocolate products.
  • the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acyl-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl stanol prepared according to the invention, optionally further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable additive, diluted Agent or excipient.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may optionally also contain at least one pharmaceutically active agent.
  • Step 1 Preparation of phosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups: including, but not limited to, phosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups produced by the following disclosed methods, or purchased having the following characteristics Goods:
  • marine living resources include but are not limited to the following species: krill, tuna, sardine or sardine fish eggs, squid, deep sea cod liver oil , etc.; 3, a phosphatidylcholine rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups prepared by microbial fermentation of Mortierella.
  • Step 2 Preparing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction system, wherein the reaction system is a two-phase reaction system composed of an aqueous phase and an organic solvent phase or a single-phase reaction system of an organic solvent containing a trace amount of water.
  • One of the reaction substrates is a polyphosphonyl acyl-rich phosphatidylcholine prepared in the first step, the reaction substrate is a plant alcohol and/or a plant alkanol, and the plant alcohol and/or plant stanol can be ⁇ .
  • sitosterol, rapeseed alcohol, campesterol, sterol and its alkanol sourced from soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sesame oil, tea seed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or One or more of other vegetable oils; preferably a vegetable alcohol; more preferably a mixture of plant alcohols derived from soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sesame oil, tea seed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or other vegetable oil,
  • the plant alcohol mixture is a mixture of ⁇ -sitosterol, soybean alcohol, campesterol, rapeseed alcohol and ⁇ -glutanol, phytanol, campesterol, rapeseed alkanol, etc., which is usually ⁇ - Alcohols such as sitosterol, succinol, campesterol, and rapeseed alcohol are the main components, and ⁇ -sitosterol, execanol, campesterol, and rapeseed alcohol are secondary components.
  • Step three the reaction system of the second step is added to the reactor at a temperature of 35 to 55 degrees Celsius, and the phospholipase is charged. After D, mechanical stirring was continued to carry out the reaction.
  • Step 4 the reaction liquid obtained in the third step is repeatedly extracted 2 ⁇ 3 times, the liquid and liquid layer is separated, the organic solvent phase is decompressed under low pressure, and concentrated and dried to prepare a phosphatidyl alcohol rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups and/or Alkanol
  • the phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alcohol containing the polyunsaturated fatty acyl group prepared in the fourth step may contain more than a dozen molecular series, wherein the chemical structure of each molecular series has the same and different following: (1) A phytol or a plant alkanol is attached to the 3-position of the glyceryl group, that is, Sn-3; (2) a fatty acyl group is bonded to each of the sylylene group at the 1-position Sn-1 and the 2-position Sn-2, and at the 1-position Sn -1 and/or 2-position Sn-2 is usually bonded to a long-chain fatty acyl group containing a polyunsaturated bond, which means that more than 5% of the fatty acyl group attached to the Sn-2 position has two or more fatty acyl groups.
  • An unsaturated double bond, or a fatty acyl group having a higher than 3% or more of the fatty acyl group attached to the Sn-2 position, contains an Omega-3 unsaturated double bond, or a fatty acyl group having the meaning of a Sn-1 linkage More than 5% of the fatty acyl groups contain two or more unsaturated double bonds, or a fatty acyl group having a higher than 3% or more of the fatty acyl groups linked to the Sn-1 position, containing an Omega-3 unsaturated double bond;
  • the unsaturated double bond fatty acyl group contains 18 to 22 carbon atoms, and the number of double bonds is usually from three to six, and the unsaturated fatty acyl group particularly emphasizes an acyl group derived from the following polyunsaturated fatty acid: Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mixtures thereof.
  • AA arachidonic acid
  • EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
  • DPA docosapentaenoic acid
  • DHA docosahexaenoic acid
  • These unsaturated fatty acyl groups are derived from the unsaturated fatty acyl-rich phosphatidylcholine in step 1, and may be derived from an enzyme-catalyzed modification reaction or from the so-called marine biological resources in the first step.
  • the enzyme-catalyzed reaction system is a two-phase mixed reaction system composed of an aqueous phase and an organic solvent phase or a single-phase reaction system of an organic solvent containing a trace amount of water
  • the implementation process is as follows: a phosphatidylcholine rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups, as well as a plant alcohol or/and a plant alkanol, dissolved in a C5-C9 alkane organic solvent, then a short chain hydrocarbon or a short chain hydrocarbon ketone, followed by calcium
  • the buffered aqueous solution of the salt forms a reaction system in which the two phases of the aqueous phase and the organic solvent are mixed or a single-phase reaction system of the organic solvent containing a trace amount of water, and the ratio of the respective substances in the mixed reaction system of the aqueous solution and the organic solvent is as follows:
  • the phosphatidylcholine is added in a weight percentage of 0.5% to 10% per liter of the
  • the weight percentage of the calcium salt added per liter of the reaction solution is 0.001% to 10%, and the concentration of the buffer salt in the buffer solution is 0 to 2 moles/liter, and the C5-C9 alkane has
  • the volume percentage of the solvent in the mixed reaction solution is 5% to 95%, and the short-chain hydrocarbon or short-chain hydrocarbon ketone accounts for 1% to 80% by volume in the total mixed reaction solution, and the two phases of the aqueous solution and the organic solvent are mixed.
  • the pH of the system is within 4.0 8.5.
  • the C5-C8 alkane organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, decane, decane or their isomers. Any solvent or a mixed solvent of these solvents in any ratio is formed.
  • the short-chain hydrocarbon or short-chain hydrocarbon ketone is any one of the following: ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, acetone, butanone or any of their isomers The solvent or a mixture of these solvents is formed in any ratio to form a mixed solvent.
  • Group 1 2% fat content (1% coconut oil and 1% corn oil, weight / weight)
  • Group 2 2% sitosterol mixture / high oil sunflower oil (1:1 ratio, weight/weight)
  • sitosterol-DHA phospholipid ester may also be referred to as DHA acyl-containing phosphatidyl sterol;
  • Group 4 2% succinyl-EPA phospholipid ester, succinyl-EPA phospholipid ester may also be referred to as EPA-acyl-containing phosphatidyl myristyl alcohol; Group 5: 2% phytol and alkanol mixture-EPA/DHA phospholipid ester (1: 1 ratio, weight/weight), alcohol mixture - EPA/DHA phospholipid ester may also be referred to as phosphatidyl phytol and phosphatidyl phytostanol containing EPA and/or DHA acyl groups.
  • the results of fatty acid composition analysis of experimental foods are shown in Table 2.
  • the wording conditions are standard conditions: room temperature (24 soil ⁇ , relative humidity (55 ⁇ 10)%. Let the rats freely forage and water, and keep them for 12 hours light/dark cycle. Replace the food in the cage every day, discard The remaining food was measured and the intake was measured.
  • the blood sample (lml) was passed through the puncture area. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed from the vena cava. , Store the blood sample in a sample tube containing EDTA.
  • the obtained blood sample was immediately centrifuged at 1600 g for 20 minutes at 4 ° C to prepare plasma.
  • the total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels in the plasma were determined by a biochemical analyzer, and the non-HDL cholesterol content was calculated by subtraction.
  • the fatty acid composition in the food is determined by gas chromatography.
  • a nutritional supplement food composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention.
  • novel ingredients of the present invention can be delivered and utilized in a variety of products.
  • Such products include food additives, functional foods, pharmaceutical delivery systems, and the like.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acyl-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention can be processed into a nutritional supplement food composition, and can be a soft capsule, a tablet, a syrup or any other common dietary supplement.
  • the nutritional supplement food composition aims to reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in humans.
  • the nutritionally-supplemented food composition of the present invention is preferably applied in an amount of 0.2 to 200 g per day.
  • Preferred phytosterols are beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, rapeseed alcohol or mixtures thereof in any ratio. More preferred are ⁇ -sitosterol and succinyl alcohol or a mixture thereof.
  • Preferred plant alkanols are beta-glutanol and campesterol or mixtures thereof. More preferred is ⁇ -glutanol.
  • Preferred polyunsaturated fatty acyl phospholipids are those containing arachidonic acid ( ⁇ ), eicosapentaenoic acid ( ⁇ ), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). a fatty acyl phospholipid formed by a polyunsaturated fatty acid and a mixture thereof. Most preferred are DHA and EPA derived fatty acyl phospholipids.
  • Phosphorus esters referred to herein are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl phytol and phosphatidyl plant alkanol.
  • a functional food comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention.
  • the alcohol ester and/or the plant alkanol ester prepared by the present invention can be added as a functional ingredient to a general food to prepare a functional food having a lowering of human plasma cholesterol and triglyceride content.
  • Such functional foods may be selected from the group consisting of dairy products, milk beverages, ice cream, baked goods, confectionery products, biscuits, soy products, soy milk drinks, pastries and breads, energy bars, soy sauces, flavorings, oils and fats, margarines, Sauces, cereals, beverages and mixed drinks, baby foods (biscuits, purees, purees and cereals), strips of food, snacks, chocolate products, puffed foods, etc.
  • Such a functional food is preferably applied in a total amount of 0.1 to 100 g of polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl stanol per day.
  • Preferred vegetable alcohols are beta-salt, succinyl alcohol, campesterol, rapeseed alcohol or mixtures thereof. More preferred are ⁇ -sitosterol, soybean alcohol or a mixture thereof. Most preferred is beta-sitosterol.
  • Preferred plant stanols are beta-glutanol, campesterol, rapeseed alcohol or mixtures thereof. More preferred is ⁇ -glutanol.
  • Preferred polyunsaturated fatty acyl phospholipids are those containing arachidonic acid ( ⁇ ), eicosapentaenoic acid ( ⁇ ), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
  • a fatty acyl phospholipid formed by a polyunsaturated fatty acid and a mixture thereof. Most preferred are DHA and EPA derived fatty acyl phospholipids.
  • the phospholipids referred to herein are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl phytol and phosphatidyl plant alkanol. [0044] 5.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared according to the present invention.
  • compositions are well known in the art and is described in many references and references, for example, by Gemiaro AR (1990) Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania, as a medicinal product.
  • Product, the pharmaceutical composition prepared by the present invention can be delivered orally, intravenously or by any other conventional or specific route of administration.
  • polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention need not be applied as a pure compound. Mixtures of these esters can be used. Mixtures of these polyunsaturated fatty acyl group-containing phosphatidyl alcohols and/or other aliphatic esters of phosphatidyl alkanols can likewise be used.
  • the product prepared by the present invention may be in the form of a liquid oil, a powder, a granule, a wax, a paste, an oily or aqueous emulsion, and any other form which can be used for the intended use.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: 1) The phosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl group prepared by the present invention by using the disclosed technology, for example, the content derived from Antarctic krill oil fish seed, etc.
  • a polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidylcholine and a soybean-derived plant alcohol are reactants, and a polyphosphoryl phytyl-rich phosphatidyl phytol and a phosphatidyl plant alkanol are prepared by a phospholipase D biotransformation method.
  • the raw materials of the product are easy to obtain, and the reaction conditions are mild and simple.
  • this type of target compound has not been reported in the literature so far.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention can simultaneously effectively lower plasma cholesterol and triglyceride content.
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acyl phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol prepared by the present invention can be widely used in food additives, functional foods, and pharmaceutical delivery systems.
  • a process for preparing a polyphosphoryl acyl alcohol-containing phosphatidyl alcohol and/or phosphatidyl alkanol which is prepared by the following steps:
  • Step 1 Preparation of a phosphatidylcholine containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group: including, but not limited to, various methods as mentioned in the "Summary of the Invention" section.
  • this polyunsaturated fatty acylphosphatidylcholine raw material illustrates the polyunsaturated fatty acylphosphatidylcholine feedstock.
  • phosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl group Refining, using lipase or phosphatase A1 or phosphatase A2 to prepare phosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl group, the principle is simple, any technician with biological or catalytic background can be catalyzed by conventional enzymes
  • the polyunsaturated fatty acid and phosphatidylcholine (or phosphatidylcholine-containing lecithin) are used as substrates to catalyze the synthesis, so they will not be described here.
  • the phosphatidylcholine is prepared by solvent extraction.
  • the solvent may be selected among the following: food safety grade n-heptane or n-hexane, edible ethanol or acetone, or a mixture thereof.
  • the extraction is an Antarctic krill oil or a tuna egg mixed with a solvent in a reactor, and subjected to mechanical stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere at 0 to 30 ° C for 0.515 hours. After filtration, the solid is freeze-dried to obtain phosphatidylcholine.
  • the obtained phosphatidylcholine is a family of phospholipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups containing a dozen series of phosphatidylcholine molecules, wherein the chemical structure of each molecular series has the same and different : (1) a choline is attached to the 3 position of the glyceryl group, that is, Sn-3; (2) a fatty acyl group is attached to each of the 1st Sn-1 and the 2nd Sn-2 of the glyceryl group, and the 1st position is A long-chain fatty acyl group containing a polyunsaturated polyene bond may be attached to the Sn-1 and/or 2-position Sn-2, and the polyunsaturated polyene bond-rich fatty acyl group is referred to as Sn-1 and/or Or more than 5% of the fatty acyl groups in the fatty acid group attached to the Sn-2 position contain two or more unsaturated double bonds, or a fatty acyl group
  • Step two an enzyme catalyzes the reaction system.
  • the reaction system is a two-phase reaction system consisting of an aqueous phase and an organic solvent phase, and the process is as follows: firstly, the polyunsaturated fatty acyl-rich phosphatidylcholine prepared in the first step, and the phytosterol or / And a plant alkanol, dissolved in a C5-C9 alkane organic solvent, and then a short-chain hydrocarbon and or a short-chain hydrocarbon ketone, and then a buffered aqueous solution containing a calcium salt, thereby forming a reaction system in which the aqueous phase and the organic solvent are mixed.
  • a single-phase reaction system of an organic solvent containing a trace amount of water is as follows:
  • the weight percentage of phosphatidylcholine added per liter of the mixed reaction solution is 0.5% to 10%, and the alcohol and/or alkanol is reacted per liter.
  • the weight percentage added to the liquid is 1% to 30%, the weight percentage of the calcium salt added per liter of the reaction solution is 0.001% to 10%, and the concentration of the buffer salt in the buffer solution is 0 to 2 moles/liter.
  • the C5-C9 alkane organic solvent accounts for 5% to 95% by volume of the mixed reaction solution, and the short-chain hydrocarbon or short-chain hydrocarbon ketone accounts for 1% to 80% by volume of the total mixed reaction solution, aqueous solution and organic solvent.
  • the pH of the solvent two-phase mixed reaction system is within 4.0 8.5.
  • the single-phase reaction system of the organic solvent containing a trace amount of water is carried out by: dissolving the polyunsaturated fatty acyl-rich phosphatidylcholine prepared in the first step, and also the vegetable alcohol or/and the plant alkanol.
  • the dehydrated C5-C9 alkane organic solvent may or may not be added with a dehydrated short chain hydrocarbon or short chain hydrocarbon ketone, followed by a phospholipase D dry powder containing a calcium salt.
  • the ratio of each substance in the single-phase system of the organic solvent containing a trace amount of water is as follows:
  • the weight percentage of phosphatidylcholine added per liter of the mixed reaction solution is 0.5% to 10%, and the alcohol and/or alkanol is in each
  • the weight volume percentage added to the liter reaction liquid is 1% to 30%, and the weight percentage of the calcium salt added per liter of the reaction liquid is 0.001% ⁇ 10%
  • the C5-C9 alkane organic solvent occupies 50% ⁇ 95% by volume in the mixed reaction solution
  • the short-chain hydrocarbon or short-chain hydrocarbon ketone occupies 0% by volume in the total mixed reaction solution ⁇ 50%
  • the water content in this system is extremely low, and it is impossible to form an aqueous layer with the organic
  • the C5-C8 alkane organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, decane, decane or their isomers. Any solvent or a mixed solvent of these solvents in any ratio is formed. This step is preferably n-heptane and n-hexane or their isomers.
  • the short-chain hydrocarbon or short-chain hydrocarbon ketone is any one of the following: ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or any of their isomers;
  • the solvent or a mixture of these solvents is formed in any ratio to form a mixed solvent. This step is preferably isopropanol or acetone.
  • the plant alcohol the commercialized biological product may be a plant alcohol extracted from a vegetable oil such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, etc., wherein the ⁇ -solan content is greater than 40%, Bean alcohol content is more than 5%, rapeseed alcohol is more than 5%, and rapeseed alcohol content is 0 ⁇ 10%, total alcohol content can reach 90%; calcium salt: inorganic and organic calcium salts can be used, chlorine is used in this embodiment.
  • Calcium and calcium sulphate may be present in water at a concentration of from 0.01 grams per liter to 100 grams per liter; buffer: a conventional aqueous buffer such as phosphate buffered saline or acetate buffered saline, typically 0 to 2 moles per liter Salt concentration system.
  • buffer a conventional aqueous buffer such as phosphate buffered saline or acetate buffered saline, typically 0 to 2 moles per liter Salt concentration system.
  • Step 3 the reaction system of the second step is added to the reactor, and the temperature is 35-55 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture is continuously mechanically stirred, and the stirring time is 1 to 24 hours.
  • phospholipase D is a protease, which is a commercial enzyme preparation derived from microorganisms and/or plants, such as phospholipase D sold by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phospholipase D), this enzyme can also be purified from the fermentation broth of microorganisms.
  • the phospholipase D may be a dry powdered enzyme preparation or a liquid enzyme preparation.
  • the phospholipase D used is a dry powder enzyme preparation containing a calcium salt.
  • Step 4 the reaction liquid obtained in the third step is repeatedly extracted 1 ⁇ 3 times, after liquid-liquid layering, the organic phase is concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried to obtain a polyphosphoryl alcohol-rich phosphatidyl alcohol and/or an alkane. Alcohol, complete the preparation.
  • the extraction solvent and extraction method in this step are the same as in the first step.
  • the phosphatidyl phytol and/or alkanol ester containing polyunsaturated polyene bond fatty acyl group prepared according to this method can be more than 5% by mass, and after refining, the mass percentage reaches 5%. 95%.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a polyphosphorylcholine rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups.
  • cod liver oil which contains: EPA is 18.6 ⁇ 1.4%, DHA is 12.3 ⁇ 2.1%, and PC content is 46.0 ⁇ 3.0%
  • 80 liters of acetone 80 liters were added to a 100 liter reactor, the reactor was filled with nitrogen gas, and mechanical stirring was continued. After 2 hours, the mixture was filtered, and the solid was freeze-dried to obtain a polyunsaturated content.
  • the fatty acyl phosphatidylcholine is about 13.1 ⁇ 2.4 kg, of which: EPA is 26.5 ⁇ 2.1%, DHA is 17.8 ⁇ 2.2%, and PC content is 67.3 ⁇ 3.2%.
  • Example 2 Preparation of a polyphosphorylcholine rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a polyphosphoryl choline rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups.
  • Example 4 Preparation of a polyphosphoryl choline rich in polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups.
  • Example 5 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • Example 6 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • the precipitate was immersed in 50 liters of acetone for a period of time, filtered and dried to obtain 11.2 ⁇ 0.6 kg.
  • Precipitates wherein the alcohol content of phosphatidyl 41.1 ⁇ 1.2%, the precipitate detected unsaturated fatty acids EPA was 16.3 ⁇ 1.47 %%, DHA was 10.1 ⁇ 1.5%.
  • Example 7 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • the precipitate was immersed in 50 liters of ethanol for a period of time, filtered and dried to obtain 12.3 ⁇ 0.5 kg.
  • Precipitates wherein the alcohol content of phosphatidyl 40.1 ⁇ 1.3%, the precipitate detected unsaturated fatty acids EPA was 16.9 ⁇ 1.6 %%, DHA was 10.8 ⁇ 1.3%.
  • Example 8 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • Example 9 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • Example 10 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • the organic extract is collected, concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ° C to substantially no organic solvent, 50 liters of pure water is added, emulsified, and filtered. Remove insoluble matter, add 80 liters of acetone, filter and recover the precipitate, and then precipitate with 50 liters of acetone for a period of time, filter and dry and obtain 16.7 ⁇ 0.5 kg of precipitate.
  • the content of phosphatidyl alcohol was 48.1 ⁇ 2.2%, and the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the precipitate was 14.9 ⁇ 1.5%% and DHA was 10.4 ⁇ 1.3%.
  • Example 11 Preparation of a phosphatidyl alcohol or phosphatidyl alkanol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • the organic extract was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure at 20 ° C, filtered with water, filtered with water, 100 ml of acetone and 200 ml of acetone.
  • the precipitate was washed and dried by filtration to obtain 1.08 ⁇ 0.09 g of docosahexaenoylphosphatidyl myristate, wherein the DHA content was 39.8% by GC and the phosphatidyl sterol content was 45.6 ⁇ 2.3%.
  • the organic extract was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure at 20 ° C, filtered with water, filtered with water, 100 ml of acetone and 200 ml of acetone. After filtration and drying, 1.17 ⁇ 0.14 g of arachidoic acid phosphatidyl myristyl ester was obtained, wherein the AA content was 41.6% by GC and the phosphatidyl sterol content was 45.6 ⁇ 2.0%.
  • the organic extract was collected, concentrated under reduced pressure at 20 ° C, filtered with water, filtered with water, 100 ml of acetone and 200 ml of acetone. After filtration and drying, 1.01 ⁇ 0.17 g of eicosapentaenoylphosphatidyl myristyl ester was obtained, wherein the DPA content thereof was 40.1% by GC and the phosphatidyl sterol content was 44.3 ⁇ 2.0%.
  • Example 22 An edible blending oil of a phosphatidyl alcohol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • Example 23 Expanded food of a phosphatidyl alcohol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group Weigh 20-300g of polyunsaturated fatty acylphosphatidyl alcohol, 3g of salt, 1000g of starch, 70g of flavoring, 0.5g of vitamin E, stir together phosphatidyl alcohol, salt, starch, vitamin E, etc. Then, it is placed in a puffing machine to be puffed, shaped, and the flavoring agent is placed in a seasoning machine, and then the puffed and shaped food is seasoned in a seasoning machine.
  • Example 24 Liquid dairy product of a phosphatidyl alcohol containing a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group
  • Example 25 Liquid Bean Dairy Products Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Acylphosphatidyl Alcohol
  • soybean solid content is 10%, and 10-200 g of polyunsaturated fatty acylphosphatidyl sterol ester, 0.5 g of vitamin E, and 0.5 g of ascorbyl palmitate are added thereto, and the mixture is uniformly stirred by a homogenizer.
  • Example 26 A pineapple drink containing a phosphatidyl alcohol of a polyunsaturated fatty acyl group

Abstract

本发明提供了富含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰甾醇和/或磷脂酰甾烷醇及其制备方法,主要解决现有植物甾醇可溶性差生物利用度低以及其酯化物制备方法中使用有毒试剂、反应条件苛刻以及无法工业化生产等技术问题。结构式如式(I)所示,式中:Sn-1、Sn-2和Sn-3分别指磷脂中甘油酯基团的1位、2位和3位;R1和R2为下述基团中的一种:-C19H29、-C19H31、-C21H31或-C21H33,X为甾醇或甾烷醇中的一种。本发明能够有效降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的功效价值,并提供了应用领域和范围。

Description

含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰留醇和 /或磷脂酰 ffi烷醇及制备 方法和应用 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及用酶催化的方法来制备富含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰甾 烷醇及其制备方法; 验证了富含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇作为功能 食品或医药用于降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的功效价值; 并确定了富含多不饱脂肪酰 基的磷脂酰甾醇和 /或磷脂酰甾烷醇的应用领域和范围。
背景技术
[0002] 心血管疾病已经成为危害人类健康重要的疾病, 这些疾病病因复杂, 但跟脂质代谢 异常有着非常密切的关系。 众多研究表明, 低密度脂蛋白 (LDL) 胆固醇与心血管疾病的发 作直接相关, 而高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 胆固醇则与心血管的发作具有相反的关系。 而患有 联合高血脂的人甚至具有更高的发作心脏病的危险。 血浆胆固醇和甘油三脂含量升高通常 被认为是心血管疾病的起因和标志。 而降低胆固醇含量和降低甘油三脂含量被认为是防止心 血管疾病的主要策略。
[0003] 通过摄取植物 醇来降低血浆胆固醇含量是一种比较有效的途径。 植物 醇是植物 的基本化学成分, 较少的存在于植物油 (如玉米油、 豆油或其他植物油) 中。 在植物油中, 它们是以游离 醇、 脂肪酸酯和糖苷形式存在。 植物 醇在化学结构上与胆固醇相似, 主要 区别在于它们分子侧链的碳架。 自然界中, 最常见的植物 醇包括 β-谷 醇、 菜籽 醇、 菜 油甾醇、 豆 醇。 植物 醇被还原生成的饱和植物 醇被称为植物 烷醇, 例如菜油 烷醇
( campestanol) 或谷甾焼醇 (sitostanol)。
[0004] 植物 醇的结构与胆固醇结构类似, 它们在小肠内能与胆固醇形成有限竞争关系, 能替代部分胆固醇被吸收, 而植物 醇其本身在人体内不能被利用, 因而可以达到降低血浆 中低密度胆固醇的含量。 但是植物 醇不溶于水, 在油中溶解度也很小, 因而大大限制其在 食品或药品中的应用。 许多研究工作都围绕着植物 醇的结构修饰而展开, 比较常见的工作 包括用化学方法和 /或酶转化方法将植物 醇 3-位上的羟基与游离脂肪酸反应制备得到植物 甾醇脂肪酸酯。 植物 醇肪酸酯在油脂中的溶解度比较高, 可以较方便的运用到各种食物, 而对产品最终口味、 香味和物理性质没有影响。 除了应用于食品配料外, 植物 醇酯还可以 制作成软胶囊制剂在临床上用于降低胆固醇。
[0005] 磷脂 (Phospholipid)是含磷酸根的类脂化合物, 结构是磷酰二甘油脂肪酸酯。 磷脂按其 分子结构不同, 可分为甘油醇磷脂和神经醇磷脂两大类。 主要包括磷脂酰丝氨酸
(Phosphatidylserine, PS)、 磷脂酰胆碱 (卵磷脂, Phosphatidylcholine, PC)、 磷脂酰乙醇胺 (脑磷脂, Phosphatidylethanolamine , PE)、 磷脂酰肌醇 ( Phosphatidylinositol , PI ) 和磷脂 酸 (Phosphatidic acid, PA)。 磷脂是构成细胞膜的重要组成成分, 它是维持生命活动的基础 物质。 磷脂具有改善脑功能、 降低胆固醇、 抗精神压力等诸多作用。
[0006] 不同来源磷脂, 其脂肪酸构成明显不同。 植物来源的磷脂, 如大豆磷脂, 其甘油基 的 1位 Sn-1和 2位 Sn-2上连接的脂肪酰基多为饱和脂肪酰基或亚油酰基、 亚麻酰基, 并不 含多饱和多烯键脂肪酰基, 如二十二碳六烯酰基 (Docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA), 二十碳 五烯酰基 (Eicosapntemacnioc Acid, EPA) 等。 而动物来源的磷脂, 如深海鱼、 南极磷虾来 源的磷脂, 其甘油基的 1位 Sn-1和 2位 Sn-2上连接脂肪酰基多为多不饱和脂肪酰基, 这种 多不饱和脂肪酰基主要源于多不饱脂肪酸, 例如动物来源的磷脂中 DHA、 EPA等脂肪酰含 量较高, 且具有重要生理功效。 近年来大量科学研究表明, 多不饱脂肪酸, 例如 Omega-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 DHA、 EPA, 被证明具有显著降低血浆中甘油三酯水平的作用, 且与胆固 醇的代谢相关。 所谓多不饱脂肪酸, 本发明着重点强调花生四烯酸 (AA)、 二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它们的 混合物。
[0007] 到目前为止, 已经进行下面工作, 将游离植物 醇转化为其酯化形式, 从而扩大应 用。
[0008] US5502045公开了谷 烷醇脂肪酸酯在减少胆固醇吸收方面的应用, 但在制备过程中 使用有毒有机溶剂, 并且制备条件苛刻。
[0009] US2372990公开了通过使用二氯甲烷富集后的 β-谷 醇与脂肪酸甲酯发生酯交换反应 制备得到植物 醇脂肪酸酯。 同样的, 此制备过程中使用有毒溶剂且条件苛刻。
[0010] US0068425公开了一种植物 醇脂肪酸酯的制造方法, 但在制造过程中应用污染较大 的二氯亚砜为催化剂, 而且操作条件苛刻, 难以工业化生产。
[0011] 公开号 CN 1982326A公开了一种在高真空条件下使用低级醇钠为催化剂制备多不饱 和脂肪酸植物 醇脂的制备方法, 但操作条件苛刻, 难以工业化生产。
[0012] EP98122412.4公开了具有 18〜22个碳原子和至少 3个碳-碳双键的多不饱和脂肪酸的 植物 醇脂和 /或植物 烷醇脂能有效的减少血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯。 该专利公开了多不饱 和多烯键脂肪酸, 如 DHA、 EPA, 与植物 醇结合形成 醇酯及其降低血浆中胆固醇和甘 油三酯含量的功效。 [0013] 上述 醇酯结构是脂肪酸与 醇直接通过脂肪酸的羧基与 醇的羟基脱水缩合结合 到一起的脂肪酸酯。
[0014] 公开号 CN102365031 A公开了一种利用脂质酰基转移酶催化植物 醇 /植物 烷醇和 植物磷脂制备得到磷脂酰植物 醇酯的方法。 但该专利公开的是植物 醇和植物来源的磷脂 经酶催化生成的磷脂酰植物 醇酯, 其磷脂酯结构中, 并不含多不饱脂肪酸, 例如 DHA、 DPA、 EPA等。
[0015] 将含有多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂胆碱, 例如甘油基的 1位 Sn-Ι和 /或 2位 Sn-2上为多 不饱脂肪酰基 (尤其是花生四烯酸 (AA )、 二十碳五烯酸 (EPA )、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它们的混合物衍生的酰基) 的磷 脂胆碱, 在磷脂酶 D 催化下, 与植物 醇或植物 烷醇发生转酯化反应, 生成含多不饱脂 肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇或磷脂酰植物 烷醇, 并且利用含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物甾 醇或磷脂酰植物 烷醇来降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯, 目前还没有任何文献报道, 是一项 非常有意义和应用价值的新颖成果。
发明内容
[0016] 本发明的目的是提供一种含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇及其制 备方法和用途, 主要解决现有植物 醇可溶性差、 生物利用度低以及其酯化物制备方法中使 用有毒试剂、 反应条件苛刻以及无法工业化生产等技术问题。
[0017] 本发明的技术方案为: 一种含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇, 结 构式如下:
Figure imgf000005_0001
式中: Sn-1、 Sn-2和 Sn-3分别指磷脂中甘油酯基团的 1位、 2位和 3位; 和 R2为长碳链 脂肪酰基, Sn-1 位的 _R1 和 Sn-2 位的 _R2常见的有一 C19H29、 _ C19H31、 一 C21H31、 一 C21H33。 举例若 或 R2为 _C19H29, 则说明 或 R2来自二十碳五烯酸 (即 EPA), - C19H29与其相连的羰基基团构成一个二十碳五烯脂肪酰基, 表示在 Sn-1或 Sn-2位是一个二 十碳五烯酸与甘油分子对应的 Sn-1或 Sn-2位醇形成的酯; 若其为 _C19H31, 则说明 R2来自 二十碳四烯酸或花生四烯酸, _C19H31与其相连的羰基基团构成一个二十碳四烯脂肪酰基, 表示在 Sn-1或 Sn-2位是一个二十碳四烯酸与甘油分子对应的 Sn-1或 Sn-2位醇形成的酯; 若其为 _C21H31, 则说明 R2来自二十二碳六烯酸 (即 DHA), 一 C21H31与其相连的羰基基团 构成一个二十二碳六烯脂肪酰基, 表示在 Sn-1或 Sn-2位是一个二十二碳六烯酸与甘油分子 对应的 Sn-1 或 Sn-2 位醇形成的酯; 若其为一 C21H33, 则说明 R2来自二十二碳五烯酸 (即 DPA) , _C21H33与其相连的羰基基团构成一个二十二碳五烯脂肪酰基, 表示在 Sn-1或 Sn-2 位是一个二十二碳五烯酸与甘油分子对应的 Sn-1或 Sn-2位醇形成的酯; Sn-3位的一 X为 不同的连接基团, 若一 X为 醇, 则该磷脂化合物为磷脂酰 醇酯, 在本文中, 按照习惯称 为磷脂酰 醇; 若一 X 为 烷醇, 则该磷脂化合物为磷脂酰 烷醇酯, 在本文中, 按照习惯 称为磷脂酰 烷醇。
Figure imgf000006_0001
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田醇优选是 β-谷 醇 (即 Beta-谷 醇) 或豆 醇或其混合物, 最优选是 β-谷 醇。 烷醇 优选是 β-谷甾烷醇或豆甾烷醇或其混合物, 最优选是 β-谷甾烷醇 (Beta-谷甾烷醇)。
[0018] 一种含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的制备方法, 包括以下步 骤: 将含有多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂胆碱, 例如甘油基的 1位 Sn-1和 /或 2位 Sn-2上为多不饱 脂肪酰基 (尤其是花生四烯酸 (AA)、 二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二 十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它们的混合物衍生的酰基) 的磷脂胆碱, 然 后在水相和有机溶剂两相混合体系或含有微量水的有机溶剂单相体系中, 在磷脂酶 D 催化 下, 与植物 醇或植物 烷醇发生转酯化反应, 生成含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇和 /或磷脂酰植物 烷醇。
[0019] 本发明制备得到的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇或磷脂酰植物 烷醇来降低 血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯能有效降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。
[0020] 本发明进一步涉及含本发明制备得到的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇或磷脂 酰植物 烷醇的营养补充食品组合物。 该营养补充食品组合物可以为软胶囊、 片剂、 糖浆或 任何其它普通膳食补充传递系统的形式。
[0021] 本发明进一步涉及含本发明制备得到的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇或磷脂 酰植物 烷醇的功能食品。 这样的功能食品可选自奶制品、 奶饮料、 冰激淋、 焙烤制品、 糖 果制品、 饼干、 豆制品、 糕点和面包、 能量棒、 酱油、 调味剂、 油和脂肪、 人造奶油、 酱、 谷物、 饮料和混合饮料、 婴儿食品 (饼干、 菜泥、 果泥和谷物)、 条形食品、 小吃、 巧克力 制品。
[0022] 本发明进一步涉及含本发明制备得到的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 甾烷醇的药物组合物, 其任选还含有至少一种药物可接受的添加剂、 稀释剂或赋性剂。 本发 明的药物组合物任选还可含有至少一种药学活性剂。
[0023] 本发明的目的通过以下措施来实现:
一、 制备含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇:
步骤一: 制备含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱: 包括但不限于, 通过以下几种公开的方法来 生产的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 或购买的具有以下特征的商品:
1, 采用脂肪酶或磷脂酶 A催化某种必须脂肪酸与大豆磷脂中的磷脂酰胆碱生成含必须脂肪 酰基的磷脂酰胆碱;
2, 从海洋生物资源中提取的富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 所谓的海洋生物资源包 含但不限于以下物种: 磷虾, 金枪鱼、 鲑鱼或沙丁鱼的鱼卵, 鱿鱼, 深海鱼肝油, 等等; 3, 被孢霉属的微生物发酵制备得到的富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱。
[0024] 步骤二: 配制酶催化反应体系, 所述反应体系为水相与有机溶剂相组成的两相反应体 系或含微量水分的有机溶剂单相反应体系。 其中反应底物之一为步骤一制备得到的富含多不 饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 反应底物之二为植物 醇和 /或植物 烷醇, 植物 醇和 /或植物 甾烷醇可以为 β-谷 醇、 菜籽 醇、 菜油 醇、 豆 醇及其烷醇中的一种或几种, 其来源为 大豆油、 花生油、 玉米油、 芝麻油、 茶籽油、 葵花籽油、 菜籽油或其他植物油中的一种或几 种; 优选植物 醇; 更优选来源于大豆油、 花生油、 玉米油、 芝麻油、 茶籽油、 葵花籽油、 菜籽油或其他植物油中的植物 醇混合物, 这种植物 醇混合物为 β-谷 醇, 豆 醇, 菜油 甾醇, 菜籽 醇以及 β-谷 烷醇, 豆 烷醇, 菜油 烷醇, 菜籽 烷醇等的混合物, 这种 植物 醇混合物通常是 β-谷 醇, 豆 醇, 菜油 醇, 菜籽 醇等 醇为主要成分, 而 β- 谷甾烷醇, 豆 烷醇, 菜油 烷醇, 菜籽 烷醇等为次要成分。
[0025] 步骤三, 将步骤二的反应体系加入到反应器中, 温度为 35~55 摄氏度, 投入磷脂酶 D后持续机械搅拌进行反应。
[0026] 步骤四, 将步骤三所得反应液重复萃取 2~3 次, 液液分层后将有机溶剂相减压低温 浓缩及干燥后制备得富含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或 烷醇;
步骤四所述制备取得的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇, 可含有十几个 分子系列, 其中每一个分子系列的化学结构有以下相同和不同: (1 ) 在甘油基的 3位即 Sn-3 上都连接一个植物 醇或植物 烷醇; (2 ) 在甘油基的 1位 Sn-1和 2位 Sn-2上各自连接一 个脂肪酰基, 而在 1位 Sn-1和 /或 2位 Sn-2上通常连接含多不饱和键的长链脂肪酰基, 其含 义为 Sn-2位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 5 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 2个以上的不饱和双键, 或其 含义为 Sn-2位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 3 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 Omega-3不饱和双键, 或 其含义为 Sn-1位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 5 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 2个以上的不饱和双键, 或其含义为 Sn-1位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 3 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 Omega-3不饱和双键;
( 3 ) 含有的不饱和双键脂肪酰基含 18至 22个碳原子, 而双键的数目通常为三至六个, 所 述不饱和脂肪酰基特别强调来源于以下多不饱和脂酸的酰基: 花生四烯酸 (AA)、 二十碳五 烯酸 (EPA)、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它 们的混合物。 这些不饱和脂肪酰基是来源于步骤一中的富含不饱和脂肪酰的磷脂酰胆碱, 可 来源于酶催化改性反应, 也可来源于步骤一中所谓的海洋生物资源。
[0027] 步骤二所述酶催化反应体系为水相与有机溶剂相组成的两相混合反应体系或含微量 水分的有机溶剂单相反应体系, 其实施过程为: 先把步骤一中制备得到的富含多不饱和脂肪 酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 还有植物 醇或 /和植物 烷醇, 溶入 C5-C9 烷烃有机溶剂, 然后再加 入短链烃醇和或短链烃酮, 再加入含有钙盐的缓冲水溶液, 从而形成水相和有机溶剂两相混 合的反应体系或含微量水分的有机溶剂单相反应体系, 所述水溶液和有机溶剂两相混合反应 体系中各物质的配比关系如下: 磷脂酰胆碱在每升混合反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.5 %〜10 %, 植物甾醇和 /或植物甾烷醇在每升反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 1 %〜30 % , 钙盐在每升反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.001 %〜10 %, 缓冲溶液中缓冲盐的浓 度则为 0〜2 摩尔 /升, C5— C9 烷烃有机溶剂在混合反应液中占有的体积百分比为 5 %~95 % , 短链烃醇或短链烃酮在总混合反应液中占有体积百分比为 1 %~80 %, 水溶液和有机溶 剂两相混合反应体系的 pH值在 4.0 8.5内。
[0028] 所述 C5— C8 烷烃有机溶剂为从下列物品中任选: 戊烷、 己烷、 环己烷、 庚烷、 辛 烷、 壬烷、 癸烷或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合形成的混 合溶剂。 [0029] 所述短链烃醇或短链烃酮为从下列物品中任选: 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇、 戊醇、 丙酮、 丁酮或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合形成的混合溶剂。
[0030] 二、 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇对于降低血浆中胆固醇和 甘油三酯含量的功效
通过大鼠试验可以证实本发明制备得到的含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰甾 烷醇具有降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的功效, 应用的方法和获得的结果总结如下: 1, 动物处理
在 2周的前处理中选取 30只重量为 150 ±20g的雄性 Wistar纯种大鼠提供高脂食物词养 (食 物成分见表 1 )。 然后将他们随即分成 5个实验小组, 每组 6只大鼠。 为使全部实验食物具 有相同含量的能量和脂肪, 用 2% (重量 /重量) 下列脂质代替对照组 (1 组) 食物中 2%脂 肪含量 (1%椰子油和 1%玉米油):
1组: 2%脂肪含量 (1%椰子油和 1%玉米油, 重量 /重量)
2组: 2%谷甾醇混合物 /高油葵花油 (1 : 1比例, 重量 /重量)
3组: 2%的谷甾醇 -DHA磷脂酯, 谷甾醇 -DHA磷脂酯也可称为含 DHA酰基的磷脂酰谷甾 醇;
4组: 2%豆 醇 -EPA磷脂酯 , 豆 醇 -EPA磷脂酯也可称为含 EPA酰基的磷脂酰豆甾醇; 5 组: 2%植物 醇和 烷醇混合物 -EPA/DHA 磷脂酯 (1 : 1 比例, 重量 /重量), 醇混合 物 -EPA/DHA磷脂酯也可称为含 EPA和 /或 DHA酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇和磷脂酰植物甾烷 醇。
[0031] 实验食物的脂肪酸组成分析结果见表 2。 词养条件为标准条件: 室温 (24土 ΓΟ, 相 对湿度 (55 ± 10) %。 让大鼠自由觅食和水, 并且将它们保持 12 小时亮 /暗循环。 每天替换 笼中食物, 弃去剩余食物并测定摄入量。 在试验期开始时 (0) 周和处理 2周后 (第 2周) 通过眶后穿刺术区血样 (lml)。 4 周后, 从腔静脉抽血致死大鼠, 将血样保存在含有 EDTA 的样品管中。
[0032] 2, 脂质分析
将所得到的血样立即在 4°C、 1600g下离心 20分钟制备得到血浆。 通过生化分析仪测定血浆 中总胆固醇、 甘油三酯和 HDL-胆固醇含量, 并通过差减法计算非 HDL胆固醇含量。 食物 中的脂肪酸组成是通过气相色谱法测定。
[0033】 3, 统计分析
所有数据均表示成平均值土 SD, 并通过单项协方差 (ANCOVA) 分析。 全部实验是在 5%水 平下进行的, 并计算 95%置信区间。
[0034】 4, 结果
在 4周喂食期中, 所有大鼠生长状况相似。 5组大鼠平均摄食量为 19g/天 /只。 食物处理对 体重和食物消耗无明显有差异。
[0035] 在用植物 醇处理过的所有四个实验组 (第 2, 3, 4, 5 组) 中, 血浆胆固醇含量大 大降低, 即降低 44%〜47% (相对于对比组) 以及降低 56%〜67% (相对于预处理期 (0 周)) (表 3 )。 通过用植物 醇处理几乎未影响 HDL胆固醇含量 (表 4)。 因此非 HDL胆固 醇 ( VLDL胆固醇 +LDL胆固醇) 主要是通过植物 醇处理而降低的。
[0036] 在用多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇处理过的实验组中 (第 3, 4, 5 组) 中, 血浆中甘油三酯含量大大降低, 即降低 36%〜41% (相对于对比组) 以及降 低 24%〜38% (相对于与处理期 (0周)) (表 5 ), 但植物 醇和植物油组合 (第 2组) 并未 显著降低血浆中甘油三酯含量。
[0037] 表 1大鼠高脂食物的组成
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 2, 试验食物的脂肪酸组成 (脂肪酸甲酯 mol%)
Figure imgf000010_0002
表 3, 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇对大鼠血浆总胆固醇的效果 (mmol/L)
Figure imgf000011_0001
a, 相对于与处理的百分变化;
b, 在第 2周或第 4周时与对比组显著不同 (P<0.05);
c, 在第 2周或第 4周时与第 2组显著不同 (PO.05);
表 4, 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇对大鼠脂蛋白的效果 (mmol/L)
Figure imgf000011_0002
a, 在第 2周或第 4周时与对比组显著不同 (P<0.05);
b, 在第 2周或第 4周时与第 2组显著不同 (PO.05);
表 5, 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇对大鼠血浆甘三酯的效果 (mmol/L)
Figure imgf000011_0003
a, 相对于与处理的百分变化;
b, 在第 2周或第 4周时与对比组显著不同 (P<0.05); c, 在第 2周或第 4周时与第 2组显著不同 (P<0.05)。
[0038] 三、 含本发明制备得到的含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的营 养补充食品组合物。
[0039] 本发明的新成分可以在各种产物中传递和利用。 这样的产物包括食品添加剂、 功能 食品、 药学传递系统等。
[0040] 本发明制备得到的含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇可被加工成 营养补充食品组合物, 并可以为软胶囊、 片剂、 糖浆或任何其它普通膳食补充传递系统的形 式。 该营养补充食品组合物目的旨在降低人的血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。 本发明的营养补 充食品组合物优选以每天 0.2〜200 克的量应用。 优选的植物甾醇有 β-谷甾醇、 豆甾醇、 菜 油甾醇、 菜籽 醇或它们的任何比例混合物。 更优选的有 β-谷 醇和豆 醇或其混合物。 最 优选的是 β-谷 醇。 优选的植物 烷醇有 β-谷 烷醇和菜油 烷醇或其混合物。 更优选的 是 β-谷 烷醇。 优选的多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂是指含有花生四烯酸 (ΑΑ)、 二十碳五烯酸 (ΕΡΑ)、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它们的 混合物所形成的脂肪酰基磷脂。 最优选的是 DHA和 EPA衍生的脂肪酰基磷酯。 这里指的磷 酯是磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰植物 醇和磷酯酰植物烷醇。
[0041] 四、 含本发明制备得到的含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的功 能食品。
[0042] 本发明制备得到的 醇酯和 /或植物 烷醇酯可被作为功能性成分, 添加到普通食品 中制备成具有降低人血浆胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的功能食品。 这样的功能食品可选自奶制 品、 奶饮料、 冰激淋、 焙烤制品、 糖果制品、 饼干、 豆制品、 豆浆饮料、 糕点和面包、 能量 棒、 酱油、 调味剂、 油和脂肪、 人造奶油、 酱、 谷物、 饮料和混合饮料、 婴儿食品 (饼干、 菜泥、 果泥和谷物)、 条形食品、 小吃、 巧克力制品、 膨化食品等。
[0043] 这样的功能食品优选以每天 0.1〜100 克多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 甾烷醇的总量应用。 优选的植物 醇有 β-谷 醇、 豆 醇、 菜油 醇、 菜籽 醇或它们的混 合物。 更优选的有 β-谷 醇、 豆 醇或其混合物。 最优选的是 β-谷 醇。 优选的植物甾烷 醇有 β-谷 烷醇、 菜油 烷醇、 菜籽 烷醇或它们的混合物。 更优选的是 β-谷 烷醇。 优 选的多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂是指含有花生四烯酸 (ΑΑ)、 二十碳五烯酸 (ΕΡΑ)、 二十二碳 五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及它们的混合物所形成的脂 肪酰基磷脂。 最优选的是 DHA和 EPA衍生的脂肪酰基磷酯。 这是指的磷酯是磷脂酰胆碱和 磷脂酰植物 醇和磷酯酰植物烷醇。 [0044] 五、 含本发明制备得到的多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的药物 组合物。
[0045] 药物组合物的制备在本领域内众所周知, 在许多文献和参考书中都有描述, 参加例 如 Gemiaro A. R. 编辑 ( 1990 ) Remington ' s Pharmaceutical Science, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania, 作为药用产品, 本发明制备得到的药物组合物可口服、 静脉 内或通过其他任何常规或特殊给予途径传递。
[0046] 容易理解, 本发明制备得到的多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇不 需要以纯态化合物形式来应用。 可应用这些酯的混合物。 同样可应用这些含多不饱和脂肪酰 基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的其他脂肪族酯的混合物。 本发明制备得到的产品可以 为液态油、 粉末、 颗粒、 蜡、 糊、 油性或水性乳浊液的形式, 以及能够使其用于目标用途的 任何其他形式。
[0047] 与现有技术相比, 本发明具有如下优点: 1 ) 本发明利用公开技术制备得到的含多不 饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 例如来源于南极磷虾油鱼籽等的含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 胆碱和来源于大豆的植物 醇为反应物, 利用磷脂酶 D 生物转化方法制备得到富含多不饱 和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇和磷脂酰植物 烷醇。 产品原料易得, 反应条件温和、 简单实 用。 并且, 该类目标化合物到目前为止没有任何文献报道。 2 ) 本发明制备得到的多不饱和 脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇能同时有效降低血浆中胆固醇和甘油三酯含量。 3 ) 本发明制备得到的多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰植物 烷醇可广泛的在食 品添加剂、 功能食品、 药学传递系统中得到使用。
具体实施方式
[0048] 为了便好的理解本发明的内容, 下面结合具体实施例作进一步说明。 应理解, 以下 实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。
[0049] 一种制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 烷醇的方法, 制备经过下 列步骤:
步骤一, 制备含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱: 包括但不限于, 通过 "发明内容"部分提及 的多种方法。 这里仅以来自南极磷虾油或金枪鱼卵中的磷脂酰胆碱, 这种富含多不饱和脂肪 酰基磷脂酰胆碱原料, 为例说明对富含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰胆碱原料进行精制, 以脂肪 酶或磷酯酶 A1 或磷酯酶 A2来制备含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 原理简单, 任何具有 生物学或催化背景的技术人员, 均可按常规酶催化反应, 以多不饱和脂肪酸和磷脂酰胆碱 (或含磷脂酰胆碱 的卵磷脂) 为底物, 催化合成, 因此这里不再赘述。 [0050] 采用溶剂萃取制备得到磷脂酰胆碱。 所述溶剂可在下列物品中任选: 食品安全级的 正庚烷或正已烷、 食用乙醇或丙酮、 或者是它们的混合物。 所述萃取为南极磷虾油或金枪鱼 卵与溶剂在反应器混合后在氮气环境中、 0~30摄氏度下, 经机械搅拌, 反应 0.5 15 小时, 过滤后将固体冷冻干燥得磷脂酰胆碱。 所述取得的磷脂酰胆碱是富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷 脂族, 该磷脂酰胆碱族含有十几个磷脂酰胆碱分子系列, 其中每一个分子系列的化学结构有 以下相同和不同: (1 ) 在甘油基的 3位即 Sn-3上都连接一个胆碱; (2 ) 在甘油基的 1位 Sn- 1和 2位 Sn-2上各自连接一个脂肪酰基, 而在 1位 Sn-1和 /或 2位 Sn-2上可连接一个含多 不饱和多烯键的长链脂肪酰基, 所述的富含多不饱和多烯键脂肪酰基, 其含义为 Sn-1 和 /或 Sn-2位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 5 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 2个以上的不饱和双键, 或其含义 为 Sn-1 和 /或 Sn-2位连接的脂肪酰基中有高于 3 %以上的脂肪酰基含有 Omega-3不饱和双 键; (3 ) 含有的不饱和双键脂肪酰基含 18至 22个碳原子, 而双键的数目通常为四至六个, 所述不饱和脂肪酰基特别强调来源于以下多不饱和脂酸的酰基: 花生四烯酸 (AA)、 二十碳 五烯酸 (EPA)、 二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA)、 二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 等多不饱和脂肪酸以及 它们的混合物。
[0051] 步骤二, 酶催化反应体系。 所述反应体系为水相与有机溶剂相组成的两相反应体 系, 其实施过程为: 先把步骤一中制备得到的富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 还有植 物甾醇或 /和植物 烷醇, 溶入 C5-C9 烷烃有机溶剂, 然后再加入短链烃醇和或短链烃酮, 再加入含有钙盐的缓冲水溶液, 从而形成水相和有机溶剂两相混合的反应体系或含微量水分 的有机溶剂单相反应体系。 所述水溶液和有机溶剂混合反应体系中各物质的配比关系如下: 磷脂酰胆碱在每升混合反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.5 %〜10 %, 醇和 /或 烷醇在 每升反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 1 %〜30 %, 钙盐在每升反应液中加入的重量体积百 分比为 0.001 %〜10 %, 缓冲溶液中缓冲盐的浓度则为 0〜2摩尔 /升, C5 -C9烷烃有机溶 剂在混合反应液中占有的体积百分比为 5 %~95 %, 短链烃醇或短链烃酮在总混合反应液中 占有体积百分比为 1 %~80 %, 水溶液和有机溶剂两相混合反应体系的 pH值在 4.0 8.5 内。 所述含微量水分的有机溶剂单相反应体系, 其实施过程为: 把步骤一中制备得到的富含多不 饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 还有植物 醇或 /和植物 烷醇, 溶入经脱水处理的 C5-C9 烷 烃有机溶剂, 可选择加入或不加入经脱水处理的短链烃醇和或短链烃酮, 再加入含有钙盐的 磷脂酶 D 干粉。 所述含有微量水的有机溶剂单相体系中各物质的配比关系如下: 磷脂酰胆 碱在每升混合反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.5 %〜10 %, 醇和 /或 烷醇在每升反应 液中加入的重量体积百分比为 1 %〜30 %, 钙盐在每升反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.001 %〜10 %, C5— C9烷烃有机溶剂在混合反应液中占有的体积百分比为 50 %~95 %, 短 链烃醇或短链烃酮在总混合反应液中占有体积百分比为 0 %~50 %, 在该体系中水的含量极 低, 无法与有机相分层形成水相层。
[0052] 所述 C5-C8 烷烃有机溶剂为从下列物品中任选: 戊烷、 己烷、 环己烷、 庚烷、 辛 烷、 壬烷、 癸烷或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合形成的混 合溶剂。 本步骤优选正庚烷和正已烷或它们的同分异构体。
[0053] 所述短链烃醇或短链烃酮为从下列物品中任选: 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇、 戊醇、 丙酮、 丁酮或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合形成的混合溶剂。 本 步骤优选异丙醇或丙酮。
[0054] 本步骤中, 植物 醇: 商品化的生物产品可为从如大豆油、 菜籽油、 棕榈油、 棉籽 油等植物油中提取出来的植物 醇, 其中 β-谷 醇含量大于 40%, 豆 醇含量大于 5%, 菜油 醇大于 5%, 和菜籽 醇含量在 0〜10%, 总 醇含量可达 90%; 钙盐: 无机和有 机钙盐均可, 本实施例采用的是氯化钙和硫酸钙, 在水中的浓度可为 0.01 克每升至 100 克 每升; 缓冲液: 为常规水缓冲液, 例如磷酸盐水缓冲液或醋酸盐水缓冲液, 一般为 0至 2摩 尔每升盐浓度体系。
[0055] 步骤三, 将步骤二的反应体系加入到反应器中, 在氮气环境中、 温度为 35~55 °C, 投入磷脂梅 D后持续机械搅拌, 搅拌时间为 1~24小时。
[0056] 本步骤中, 磷脂酶 D: 是一种蛋白酶, 是来源于微生物和 /或植物的商品化酶制剂, 如 Sigma-Aldrich 公司 (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A. ) 出售的磷脂酶 D (phospholipase D) , 该酶也 可纯化自微生物的发酵液。 磷脂酶 D 可以是干粉状酶制剂, 也可以是液态酶制剂。 对于含 微量水的有机溶剂单相反应体系, 所用磷脂酶 D为含有钙盐的干粉酶制剂。
[0057] 步骤四, 将步骤三所得反应液重复萃取 1~3 次, 液 -液分层后, 将有机相减压浓缩冷 冻干燥制备得到富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或 烷醇, 完成制备。 本步骤中萃 取溶剂及萃取方法与步骤一中相同。
[0058] 按此方法制备的含多不饱和多烯键脂肪酰基的磷脂酰植物 醇和 /或 烷醇酯质量百 分含量能高于 5%, 经后精制加工, 质量百分含量达到 5%至 95%。
[0059] 以下对本发明在具体应用中的最佳实施例进行详细说明, 这些实施例并非对本发明 的范围进行约束。
[0060] 实施例 1 : 制备富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱。
[0061] 称取 20公斤鱼肝油, 其含: EPA为 18.6 ± 1.4%, DHA为 12.3 ±2.1%, PC含量为 46.0±3.0%, 80升丙酮, 将上述两种原料加入到 100升反应器中, 向反应器中充入氮气, 持续机械搅拌, 2 小时后, 过滤, 将固体冷冻干燥得到富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱 约 13.1 ±2.4 公斤, 其中: EPA 为 26.5 ±2.1%, DHA 为 17.8 ±2.2%, PC 含量为 67.3土 3.2%。
[0062] 实施例 2: 制备富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱。
[0063] 称取 20公斤南极磷虾油, 其含: EPA为 14.2 ±2.8%, DHA为 8.8 ±2.3%, PC含量 为 40.4±3.6%, 60 升丙酮, 将上述两种原料加入到 100 升反应器中, 向反应器中充入氮 气, 持续机械搅拌, 4 小时后, 过滤, 将固体冷冻干燥得到富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 胆碱约 11.8±2.2公斤, 其中: EPA为 19.1±3.6%, DHA为 12.2±3.0%, PC含量为 68.8土 4.2%。
[0064] 实施例 3: 制备富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱。
[0065] 称取 20公斤金枪鱼卵, 其含: EPA为 10.6±1.3%, DHA为 22.3± 1.9%, PC含量为 44.0±1.0%, 80升丙酮, 将上述两种原料加入到 100升反应器中, 向反应器中充入氮气, 持续机械搅拌, 2 小时后, 过滤, 将固体冷冻干燥得到富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱 约 14.1 ±1.4 公斤, 其中: EPA 为 16.5 ±2.3%, DHA 为 27.8 ±2.5%, PC 含量为 54.3土 3.2%。
[0066] 实施例 4: 制备富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱。
[0067] 称取 20 公斤大豆磷脂 (PC 含量 50%±5.0%), 在反应器中溶于正已烷中, 充入氮 气, 加入 20公斤微生物源的 DHA和 EPA脂肪酸 ( DHA/EPA约为 3/2 ), 充分搅拌后, 加入 商用脂肪酶适量, 45 摄氏度下, 反应适当时间后检测反应产物, 若含多不饱和脂肪酰基的 磷脂达到总磷脂 50%左右, 则停止反应, 加入 100 升丙酮, 持续机械搅拌, 3 小时后, 过 滤, 将固体冷冻干燥得到富含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱约 17.8±1.4 公斤, 其中: EPA为 15.1±0.4%, DHA为 10.2±0.3%, PC含量为 56.5 ±0.5%。
[0068] 实施例 5: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 100公斤, 然后将 30公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于玉米, 其中 β-谷 醇 40.6%, 豆 醇: 23.9%, 菜油甾醇: 24.9%, 菜籽甾醇含量 0.6%) 与实施例 1 制备得到的 13.1 公斤含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 胆碱加入反应器中, 溶解 0.05公斤氯化钙, 600升 ρΗ5.6的水溶液, 在氮气保护下, 投入 4 万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 40摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 反应 8小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分 层, 取有机相, 依照反应时的正庚烷和异丙醇的比例, 按与 1:1 的关系, 重复萃取剩余母液 1 到 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入适量纯水, 乳化, 过滤去除不溶物, 再加入 40升丙酮, 过滤回收沉淀, 沉淀再用 40升丙酮浸泡一段时 间, 过滤回收并干燥获得 12.5 ± 0.5 公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 醇含量为 40.4± 1.2%, 沉淀 物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 24.7 ± 1.8%, DHA为 16.4 ± 1.2%。
[0069] 实施例 6: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 50公斤, 然后将 40公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于大豆, 其中 β-谷 醇: 44.2%, 豆 醇: 26.3%, 菜油甾醇: 22.3%, 菜籽甾醇含量 1.7%) 与实施例 2制备得到的 11.8公斤含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰胆 碱加入反应器中, 溶解 0.1公斤氯化钙, 300升 ρΗ5.6的水溶液, 在氮气保护下, 投入 5万 单位磷脂酶 D, 于 48 摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 反应 4 小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分 层, 取有机相, 依照反应时的正庚烷和异丙醇的比例, 按与 1 : 1 的关系, 重复萃取剩余母液 1 到 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入适量纯水, 乳化, 过滤去除不溶物, 再加入 50升丙酮, 过滤回收沉淀, 沉淀再用 50升丙酮浸泡一段时 间, 过滤回收并干燥获得 11.2 ± 0.6公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 醇含量为 41.1 ± 1.2%, 沉淀 物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 16.3 ± 1.47 %%, DHA为 10.1 ± 1.5%。
[0070] 实施例 7: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 50公斤, 然后将 40公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于大豆, 其中 β-谷 醇: 44.2%, 豆 醇: 26.3%, 菜油甾醇: 22.3%, 菜籽甾醇含量 1.7%) 与实施例 3制备得到的 14.1 公斤含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 胆碱加入反应器中, 溶解 0.1 公斤氯化钙, 300升 ρΗ5.6的水溶液, 在氮气保护下, 投入 5 万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 48摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 反应 4小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分 层, 取有机相, 依照反应时的正庚烷和异丙醇的比例, 按与 1 : 1 的关系, 重复萃取剩余母液 1 到 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入适量纯水, 乳化, 过滤去除不溶物, 再加入 50升乙醇, 过滤回收沉淀, 沉淀再用 50升乙醇浸泡一段时 间, 过滤回收并干燥获得 12.3 ± 0.5 公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 醇含量为 40.1 ± 1.3%, 沉淀 物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 16.9 ± 1.6%%, DHA为 10.8 ± 1.3%。
[0071] 实施例 8: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 50公斤, 然后将 60公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于葵花籽, 其中 β-谷 醇 42.8%, 豆 醇: 21.7%, 菜油甾醇: 24.1%, 菜籽甾醇含量 1.4%) 与实施例 4 中得到的 10.0 公斤磷脂酰胆碱加入反应器中, 溶 解 0.5公斤氯化钙在氮气保护下, 投入 5万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 40摄氏度范围内, 持续机械 搅拌, 反应 12小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入 50升乙醇, 搅拌浸泡 12小时, 过滤回收并干燥获得 14.2 ± 0.5 公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰甾 醇含量为 38.1 ± 1.5%, 沉淀物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA 为 14.6 ± 1.4%%, DHA 为 9.2 ± 1.1%。
[0072】 实施例 9: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 60公斤, 然后将 60公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于大豆, 其中 β-谷 醇: 44.2%, 豆 醇: 26.3%, 菜油甾醇: 22.3%, 菜籽甾醇含量 1.7%) 与实施例 3 中得到的 10.0 公斤磷脂酰胆碱加入反应器中, 溶 解 0.5公斤氯化钙在氮气保护下, 投入 5万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 48摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 反应 4小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入 50升乙 醇, 搅拌浸泡 4小时, 过滤回收并干燥获得 13.8 ± 0.5 公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 醇含量为 38.4 + 1.4%, 沉淀物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 14.5 ± 1.1%%, DHA为 9.3 ± 1.0%。
[0073】 实施例 10: 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 75公斤, 然后将 50公斤质量百 分浓度 90%植物 醇 (来源于花生, 其中 β-谷 醇 43.1%, 豆 醇: 22.3%, 菜油甾醇: 24.1%, 菜籽甾醇含量 0.5%) 与实施例 4制备得到的 17.8 公斤含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 胆碱加入反应器中, 溶解 0.3公斤氯化钙, 500升 ρΗ5.6的水溶液, 在氮气保护下, 投入 10 万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 45摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 反应 6小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分 层, 取有机相, 依照反应时的正庚烷和异丙醇的比例, 按与 1 : 1 的关系, 重复萃取剩余母液 2 次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 40 摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 加入 50 升纯水, 乳 化, 过滤去除不溶物, 再加入 80 升丙酮, 过滤回收沉淀, 沉淀再用 50 升丙酮浸泡一段时 间, 过滤回收并干燥获得 16.7 ± 0.5 公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 醇含量为 48.1 ±2.2%, 沉淀 物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 14.9 ± 1.5%%, DHA为 10.4 ± 1.3%。
[0074】 实施例 11 : 制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇或磷脂酰 烷醇
在 1000升反应器中, 加入 300公斤正庚烷中, 加入异丙醇 60公斤, 然后将 60公斤质量百 分浓度 50%植物 烷醇 (来源于大豆, 其中 β-谷 烷醇: 29.6%, 豆 烷醇: 11.3%, 菜油 甾烷醇: 8.3%, 菜籽甾烷醇含量 0.8%) 与实施例 3中得到的 10.0公斤磷脂酰胆碱加入反应 器中, 溶解 0.5公斤氯化钙在氮气保护下, 投入 5万单位磷脂酶 D, 于 50摄氏度, 持续机 械搅拌, 反应 4小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 在 40摄氏度下减压浓缩至基本无有机溶剂, 30 升丙酮, 搅拌浸泡 4小时, 过滤回收并干燥获得 14.8 ±0.2公斤沉淀物, 其中磷脂酰 烷醇 含量为 38.6 ± 1.4%, 沉淀物中不饱和脂肪酸含量经检测 EPA为 14.3 ± 1.1%%, DHA为 9.5 ± 1.2%。
[0075] 实施例 12: 二十二碳六烯 (DHA) 酰磷脂酰谷甾醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 45摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg 二十二碳六烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC 纯度: 90%, DHA含量为 42.1%)、 5g谷甾醇 (纯度: 95% ) 溶解, 加入 O.lg 氯化钙, 和 40ml 异丙醇, 200ml pH5.6 范围内的水缓冲 液, 投入 2万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 4小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照 前述方法重复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相 加 100ml丙酮沉淀, 200ml丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.08 ± 0.09g二十二碳六烯酸酰磷 脂酰豆甾醇酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC检测为 39.8%, 磷脂酰谷甾醇含量为 45.6 ±2.3%。
[0076] 实施例 13 : 二十碳五烯 (EPA) 酰磷脂酰谷甾醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 40摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, DHA含量为 42.1%)、 3g谷 醇 (纯 度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 60ml异丙醇, 400ml pH6.0的水缓冲液, 投入 2万 单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 8小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重复 萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙酮 沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.01 ± 0.14g 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰豆甾醇酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC检测为 40.6%, 磷脂酰谷甾醇含量为 46.6 ±2.0%。
[0077] 实施例 14: 二十二碳六烯 (DHA) 酰磷脂酰谷甾烷醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 47摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十二碳六烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, DHA含量为 42.1%)、 5g谷甾烷醇 (纯度大于 90%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 40ml异丙醇, 200ml pH5.6范围内的水缓冲 液, 投入 2万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 4小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照 前述方法重复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相 加 100ml丙酮沉淀, 200ml丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.07 ± 0.22g二十二碳六烯酸酰磷 脂酰豆甾烷醇酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC 检测为 39.5%, 磷脂酰谷甾烷醇含量为 45.1土 2.0%。
[0078] 实施例 15 : 二十碳五烯 (EPA) 酰磷脂酰谷甾烷醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 40摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC 纯度: 90%, DHA 含量为 42.1%)、 3g 谷甾烷醇 (纯度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 50ml异丙醇, 400ml pH6.0的水缓冲液, 投入 2 万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 8小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重 复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙 酮沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.02 ± 0.12g 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰豆 烷醇 酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC检测为 39.7%, 磷脂酰谷甾烷醇含量为 46.1 ± 1.5%。
[0079] 实施例 16: 二十碳五烯 (EPA) 酰磷脂酰菜油甾醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 50摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC 纯度: 90%, DHA含量为 42.1%)、 10g菜油甾醇 (纯度: 90%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 30ml异丙醇, 300ml pH6.5的水缓冲液, 投入 2 万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 6小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重 复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙 酮沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.05 ± 0.14g 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰菜油甾醇 酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC检测为 41.3%, 磷脂酰菜油甾醇含量为 48.1 ± 1.3%。
[0080] 实施例 17: 二十碳五烯 (EPA) 酰磷脂酰菜油甾烷醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 45摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, DHA含量为 42.1%)、 10g菜油 烷醇 (纯度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 70ml异丙醇, 300ml pH6.5的水缓冲液, 投入 2 万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 5小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重 复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 30摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙 酮沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.09 ± 0.11g 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰菜油甾烷 醇酯, 其中其 DHA含量经 GC检测为 40.5%, 磷脂酰菜油甾烷醇含量为 46.6 ± 1.1%。
[0081] 实施例 18: 二十二碳五烯 (DPA) 酰磷脂酰菜油甾烷醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 45摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十二碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, DPA含量为 40.8%)、 10g菜油甾烷 醇 (纯度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 70ml异丙醇, 300ml pH6.5 的水缓冲液, 投 入 2万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 5小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方 法重复萃取 2 次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 30 摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙酮沉淀, 200ml丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.15 ± 0.21g二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰菜 油甾烷醇酯, 其中其 DPA 含量经 GC 检测为 40.3%, 磷脂酰菜油甾烷醇含量为 44.9土 1.3%。
[0082] 实施例 19: 花生四烯酸 (AA) 酰磷脂酰菜油 烷醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 45摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg花生四烯酸 (AA) 酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, AA含量为 44.5%)、 10g菜油甾 烷醇 (纯度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 70ml异丙醇, 300ml pH6.5 的水缓冲液, 投入 2万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 5小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述 方法重复萃取 2 次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 30 摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙酮沉淀, 200ml丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.05 ± 0.17g花生四烯酸酰磷脂酰菜油 甾烷醇酯, 其中其 AA含量经 GC检测为 42.6%, 磷脂酰菜油甾烷醇含量为 43.8 ± 1.1%。
[0083] 实施例 20: 花生四烯酸 (AA) 酰磷脂酰谷 醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 40摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg花生四烯酸 (AA) 酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, AA含量为 44.5%)、 3g谷甾醇 (纯度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 60ml异丙醇, 400ml pH6.0的水缓冲液, 投入 2 万单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 8小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重 复萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙 酮沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.17 ± 0.14g 花生四烯酸酰磷脂酰豆甾醇酯, 其中其 AA含量经 GC检测为 41.6%, 磷脂酰谷甾醇含量为 45.6 ±2.0%。
[0084] 实施例 21 : 二十二碳五烯 (DPA) 酰磷脂酰谷 醇的制备
在 250ml反应器中, 在氮气保护下, 于 40摄氏度, 持续机械搅拌, 加入 200ml正庚烷, 加 入 lg二十二碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰胆碱 (PC纯度: 90%, DPA含量为 40.8%)、 3g谷 醇 (纯 度: 95%) 溶解, 加入 O.lg氯化钙, 和 60ml异丙醇, 400ml pH6.0的水缓冲液, 投入 2万 单位磷脂酶 D, 反应 8小时停止搅拌, 结束反应, 静置分层, 取有机相, 依照前述方法重复 萃取 2次, 集合有机萃取液, 在 20摄氏度下减压浓缩, 加水乳化过滤, 水相加 100ml丙酮 沉淀, 200ml 丙酮浸洗沉淀, 过滤干燥获得 1.01 ± 0.17g 二十碳五烯酸酰磷脂酰豆甾醇酯, 其中其 DPA含量经 GC检测为 40.1%, 磷脂酰谷甾醇含量为 44.3 ±2.0%。
[0085]
实施例 22: —种含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇的食用调和油
称取玉米油 400g, 大豆油 250g, 菜籽油 50g, 葵花油 90g, 米糠油 50g, 花生油 50g, 多不 饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 醇 50至 500g, 抗氧化剂 TBHQ0.05g, 搅拌均匀即可。
[0086] 实施例 23 : —种含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇的膨化食品 称取富含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 醇 20-300g, 食盐 3g, 淀粉 1000g, 调味剂 70g, 维生 素 E0.5g, 先将磷脂酰 醇, 食盐, 淀粉, 维生素 E等放在一起搅匀, 然后将其放入膨化主 机内膨化, 定型, 将调味剂放入调味机内, 然后将膨化、 定型好的食品放入调味机内调味后 即可。
[0087] 实施例 24: —种含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇的液体奶制品
称取牛奶 992g, 乳化剂 lg, 含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰 醇酯 5-200g, 维生素 Elg, 抗坏 血酸棕榈酸酯 lg, 经过配料, 巴氏杀菌或超高温灭菌, 无菌灌装得到奶制品。
[0088] 实施例 25 : —种含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇的液体豆奶制品
称取 1kg大豆进行 12小时水浸, 加入 7倍的水后磨碎, 将豆渣分离后, 在 100°C加热脱臭 后, 离心分离后, 对所得液体部分进行冷却, 得到豆乳, 将豆乳用水调制, 使其大豆固体含 量达到 10%, 在其中加入含多不饱和脂肪酰基磷脂酰甾醇酯 10-200g, 维生素 E0.5g, 抗坏 血酸棕榈酸酯 0.5g, 用均质机搅拌均匀即可。
[0089] 实施例 26: —种含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇的木菠萝饮料
称取 500g水, 加入乳化剂 5g, 维生素 E0.2g, 抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯 0.3g, 富含多不饱和多烯 键脂肪酰基磷脂酰 醇酯 10-200g, 制取水包油乳状液, 加入三梨酸钾 lg, 木糖醇 50g, 木 菠萝香料 1.5g, 嗜酸乳杆菌 0.2g, 水补足 1000g搅拌均匀即可。
[0090] 在此说明书中, 本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。 但是, 很显然仍可以做出 各种修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围, 一个有本专业知识的普通技术人员, 仍可以 根据本专利所传授的技术, 在本发明的范围内产生其它的实施例, 但是凡是未脱离本发明技 术方案的内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、 等同变化与修 饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
-种含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000023_0001
式中: Sn-1、 Sn-2和 Sn-3分别指磷脂中甘油酯基团的 1位、 2位和 3位; 和 为下述基 团中的一种: 一C19H29、 一C19H31、 一 C21H31或一 C21H33, X为甾醇或甾垸醇中的一种。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 其特征是: 甾醇和 /或 垸醇选自下述结构式的化合物或混合物:
Figure imgf000023_0002
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 其特征是: 所述 醇为 β-谷 醇或豆 醇或其混合物。
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 其特征是: 所述甾醇为 β-谷甾醇。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 其特征是: 所述 垸醇为 β-谷 垸醇或豆 垸醇或其混合物。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的含多不饱脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇, 其特征是: 所述 垸醇为 β-谷 垸醇。
7. 一种制备权利要求 1 所述含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇的方法, 其特征是, 包括以下步骤: 首先制备得到含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 然后在水相和 有机溶剂两相混合体系或含有微量水分的有机溶剂单相体系中, 再加入植物 醇或植物甾垸 醇或它们的混合物, 利用磷脂酶 D 生物催化制备成含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或 磷脂酰 垸醇。
8. 根据权利要求 7 所述的制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇的方 法, 其特征是, 水相和有机溶剂两相混合体系或含有微量水分的有机溶剂单相体系制备: 含 多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰胆碱, 还有植物 醇或 /和植物 垸醇, 溶入 C5-C9 垸烃有机溶 剂, 然后再加入短链烃醇和或短链烃酮, 再加入含有钙盐的缓冲水溶液, 从而形成水相和有 机溶剂两相混合体系或含微量水分的有机溶剂单相体系。
9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇的方 法, 其特征是, 所述水相和有机溶剂两相混合体系中各物质的配比关系如下: 磷脂酰胆碱在 每升混合反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 0.5 %〜10%, 植物 醇和 /或植物 垸醇在每升 反应液中加入的重量体积百分比为 1 %〜30%, 钙盐在每升反应液中加入的重量体积百分比 为 0.001 %〜10%, 缓冲溶液中缓冲盐的浓度则为 0〜2摩尔 /升, C5— C9垸烃有机溶剂在 混合反应液中占有的体积百分比为 5 % ~95 %, 短链烃醇或短链烃酮在总混合反应液中占有 体积百分比为 1 %~80%, 水溶液和有机溶剂两相混合反应体系的 pH值在 4.0~8.5内。
10. 根据权利要求 8 所述的制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇的方 法, 其特征是, 所述 C5-C8 垸烃有机溶剂为从下列化合物中任选: 戊垸、 己垸、 环己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸、 壬垸、 癸垸或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合 形成的混合溶剂; 所述短链烃醇或短链烃酮为从下列化合物中任选: 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇、 戊 醇、 丙酮、 丁酮或它们的同分异构体中的任何一种溶剂或这些溶剂以任何比例混合形成的混 合溶剂。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的制备含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和 /或磷脂酰 垸醇的方 法, 其特征是, 所述 C5-C8 垸烃有机溶剂为正庚垸和正已垸或它们的同分异构体; 所述短 链烃醇或短链烃酮为丙醇或丙酮。
12. 含多不饱和脂肪酰基的磷脂酰 醇和磷脂酰 垸醇作为添加剂在降低人血浆中胆固醇和 甘油三酯含量的功能食品、 烹饪料、 饮料中的应用。
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