CN106535650A - 磷虾油制剂和它们的用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种包含磷虾油和磷脂质的制剂。包括施用所述制剂的治疗方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型磷虾油制剂和它们的用途。
背景技术
ω-3(n-3或ω-3)多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)由至少16个碳组成且具有多个不饱和键。这些脂肪富含不饱和化学键,其中第一不饱和键在第三碳上。这些脂肪酸(FA)中的一些是α-亚麻酸(ALA,具有18个碳和3个不饱和键的脂肪酸,也命名为18:3,一种来自植物来源的ω-3FA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA,具有20个碳和5个不饱和键的FA,也命名为20:5)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,具有22个碳和6个不饱和键的FA,也命名为22:6)。
EPA和DHA的主要来源是海洋来源例如鱼。这些脂肪酸显示对一般人类健康和许多疾病具有积极作用,例如炎症和炎性疾病(Giudetti,AM和Cagnazzo,R.(2012)Beneficialeffects of n-3PUFA on chronic airway inflammatory diseases.Prostaglandins&other lipid mediators 99,57-67)、防止中风(Larsson,S.C.,Orsini,N.,and Wolk,A.(2012)Long-chain omega-3polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of stroke:ameta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology 27,895-901)、认知疾病(Luchtman,D.W.,and Song,C.(2013)Cognitive enhancement by omega-3fatty acids from child-hood to old age:findings from animal and clinical studies.Neuropharmacology64,550-565)、心血管疾病(CVD)和其他心脏病况(FAO/WHO.(2010)Joint FAO/WHO ExpertConsultation on the Risks and Benefits of Fish Consumption;Jump,D.B.,Depner,C.M.,and Tripathy,S.(2012)Omega-3fatty acid supplementation andcardiovascular disease.Journal of lipid research 53,2525-2545;Mozaffarian,D.,and Rimm,E.B.(2006)Fish intake,contaminants,and human health:evaluating therisks and the benefits.Jama 296,1885-1899)。
许多临床和临床前研究显示,与磷脂质(PL-n-3)结合的n-3PUFA比与甘油三酯(TG-n-3)结合的n-3PUFA更好地被吸收。Graf等人将与磷脂质或甘油三酯结合的n-3放射性同位素食喂大鼠,并测试所述动物各种组织对它们的吸收。喂食PL-n-3的大鼠在它们的脑、心脏和肝脏中具有显着更高水平的n-3PUFA(Graf,B.A.,Duchateau,G.S.,Patterson,A.B.,Mitchell,E.S.,van Bruggen,P.,Koek,J.H.,Melville,S.,and Verkade,H.J.(2010)Age dependent incorporation of 14C-DHA into rat brain and body tissuesafter dosing various 14C-DHA-esters.Prostaglandins,leukotrienes,and essentialfatty acids 83,89-96)。Wijendran等人证明了在口服给予狒狒后,某些脂肪酸在与磷脂质结合时比在与甘油三酯结合时更好地到达目标组织,例如心脏、肺和红细胞膜(Wijendran,V.,Huang,M.C.,Diau,G.Y.,Boehm,G.,Nathanielsz,P.W.,and Brenna,J.T.(2002)Efficacy of dietary arachidonic acid provided as triglyceride orphospholipid as substrates for brain arachidonic acid accretion in baboonneonates.Pediatr Res 51,265-272)。在人类中也已经证明了PL-n-3的更好的吸收。Ramprasath等人(Ramprasath,V.R.,Eyal,I.,Zchut,S.,and Jones,P.J.(2013)Enhancedincrease of omega-3index in healthy individuals with response to 4-week n-3fatty acid supplementation from krill oil versus fish oil.Lipids in healthand disease 12,178)证明了与其中n-3PUFA连接至甘油三脂的鱼油相比,具有40%磷脂质的磷虾油可更好地将n-3PUFA吸收至血浆和红细胞。因此,广泛接受的是磷脂质改善n-3PUFA的吸收和功能。
N-3PUFA显示对与代谢综合征(包括CVD)相关的疾病具有有益效果。代谢综合征是一种能量利用和储存的失调,已经成为全世界日益增长的健康问题。代谢综合征通过存在以下五个标准中的至少三个来诊断:腹部肥胖、升高的血压、升高的空腹血浆葡萄糖、高血清甘油三酯和低高密度胆固醇(HDL)水平。代谢综合征通常在超重个体中观察到(Beilby,J.(2004)Definition of Metabolic Syndrome:Report of the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on ScientificIssues Related to Definition.Circulation 109,433-43)。
体重减轻的重要性-肥胖症已经成为西方世界的主要健康问题。在美国,肥胖的流行在20世纪70年代和2008年之间急剧增加并翻倍。这种增加不是成年人独有的,因为其也在儿童和青少年中显现。
肥胖导致疾病例如2型糖尿病、心脏病和某些类型的癌症的风险增加。由于所有这些疾病也导致过早死亡,超重和肥胖个体也具有降低的寿命预期。
一度主要在成人中诊断出的肥胖相关疾病现在也越来越多地在具有过量体脂的儿童和青少年中观察到。血液胆固醇的提高和2型糖尿病的流行现在在儿童和青少年中增加,具有可持续整个寿命的可能的不良影响(USDA,(2010)美国人饮食指南2010)。
心脏疾病风险的其它重要预测因素是高血压和心率升高-来自美国营养指南(USDA,(2010)美国人饮食指南2010)的数据揭示,约34%的美国成年人患有高血压。有确实的证据表明,降低血压(BP)降低总死亡率、心血管死亡率和中风的风险(Cottin,SC,Sanders,TA,and Hall,WL(2011)The difference effects of EPA and DHA oncardiovascular risk factors The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 70,215-231)。
增加的心率与高血压正相关,并且仅在最近才作为独立的心血管危险因素出现以被靶向以减少心血管事件,特别是在高危人群中。
血液中脂肪酸分布的重要性-脂肪酸的血浆分布显示影响人体的许多常规功能。可能有利的是增加某些有益脂肪酸的水平,同时降低有害脂肪酸的水平。饱和脂肪酸,例如棕榈酸,提高总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)胆固醇,并且它们的高消费被包括在不健康的饮食习惯的定义中(WHO.(2003)Diet,Nutrition and the Prevention of ChronicDiseases)。在最近的包括超过100,000名受试者的荟萃分析中,发现总饱和脂肪酸增加了CVD的风险(Chowdhury,R.,Warnakula,S.,Kunutsor,S.,Crowe,F.,Ward,H.A.,Johnson,L.,Franco,O.H.,Butterworth,A.S.,Forouhi,N.G.,Thompson,S.G.,Khaw,K.T.,Mozaffarian,D.,Danesh,J.,and Di Angelantonio,E.(2014)Association of Dietary,Circulating,and Supplement Fatty Acids With Coronary Risk:A Systematic Reviewand Meta-analysis.Annals of internal medicine 160,398-406)。然而,不同脂肪酸显示具有有益或有害的效果。棕榈酸是与CVD和其他疾病相关的脂肪酸的一个实例(FAO/WHO.(2010)Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on the Risks and Benefits of FishConsumption),而硬脂酸是具有可能的有益效果的饱和脂肪酸的一个实例,例如增加血浆中的硬脂酸水平可能有益于减少平均血小板体积、凝血因子FVII活性和血浆脂质浓度,从而减少血栓形成和致动脉粥样硬化风险(Kelly,F.D.,Sinclair,A.J.,Mann,N.J.,Turner,A.H.,Abedin,L.,and Li,D.(2001)A stearic acid-rich diet improves thrombogenicand atherogenic risk factor profiles in healthy males.European journal ofclinical nutrition 55,88-96)。
与饱和脂肪酸不同,不饱和脂肪酸,主要是长链多不饱和脂肪酸,显示出有益于从婴儿到成年的人类消费。EPA和DHA的效果在其他地方描述,但是α亚油酸(ALA)也显示具有有益效果。几项前瞻性研究发现ALA的摄入与致命性冠心病的风险之间存在反向关联(USDA,(2010)美国人饮食指南2010)。其他人已发现,每天摄取高度富含ALA的亚麻籽油改善血糖控制(Hutchins,A.M.,Brown,B.D.,Cunnane,S.C.,Domitrovich,S.G.,Adams,E.R.,and Bobowiec,C.E.(2013)Daily flaxseed consumption improves glycemic controlin obese men and women with pre-diabetes:a randomized study.Nutritionresearch 33,367-375)。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的磷脂质和一定量的ω-3脂肪酸,使得制剂中磷脂质的量与制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(重量/重量(w/w))(磷脂质:ω-3脂肪酸)为0.5-1.6。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂中磷脂质浓度为至少30%(w/w)。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂包含一定量的EPA和一定量的DHA,使得制剂中磷脂质的量与制剂中EPA的量和制剂中DHA的量之和的比(w/w)(磷脂质:EPA+DHA)为0.7-2.3。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂中棕榈酸的浓度小于15%(w/w)。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的饱和脂肪酸和一定量的不饱和脂肪酸,使得制剂中饱和脂肪酸的量与制剂中不饱和脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)(饱和脂肪酸:不饱和脂肪酸)小于0.5。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的浓度大于20%(w/w)。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂中胆固醇浓度小于1.5%(w/w)。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸,使得在制剂中结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)(结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸:结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸)小于0.9。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂包含一定量的EPA、一定量的DHA和一定量的肉豆蔻酸,使得制剂中EPA的量和制剂中DHA的量之和与制剂中肉豆蔻酸的量的比(w/w)(EPA+DHA:肉豆蔻酸)大于4。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的肉豆蔻酸,使得制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中肉豆蔻酸的量的比(w/w)(ω-3脂肪酸:肉豆蔻酸)大于5。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的EPA、一定量的DHA和一定量的ω-6脂肪酸,使得制剂中EPA的量和制剂中DHA的量之和与制剂中ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)(EPA+DHA:ω-6脂肪酸)大于9。
本发明提供了一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的ω-6脂肪酸,使得制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)(ω-3脂肪酸:ω-6脂肪酸)大于11。
本发明提供了包含任一种任何上述制剂的营养、药物或保健组合物或功能或医疗食品。
本发明提供了根据上述任一种制剂的制剂,用于选自以下的一种或多种用途:治疗心血管疾病(CVD),治疗认知疾病,治疗炎性疾病,治疗肥胖症,治疗腹部肥胖症,预防CVD,预防认知疾病,预防炎性疾病,预防肥胖症,预防腹部肥胖症,降低高血压,降低心率,降低血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度,降低血浆棕榈酸浓度,增加血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度,和增加血浆硬脂酸浓度。
本发明提供根据上述任一种制剂的制剂,用于选自以下的一种或多种方法中:治疗心血管疾病(CVD),预防CVD,治疗认知疾病,治疗炎性疾病,治疗肥胖症,治疗腹部肥胖症,预防认知疾病,预防炎性疾病,预防肥胖症,预防腹部肥胖症,降低高血压,降低心率,降低血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度,降低血浆棕榈酸浓度,增加血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度,和增加血浆硬脂酸浓度。
本发明提供根据上述任一种制剂的制剂,用于治疗或预防选自以下的一种或多种病况:心血管疾病(CVD)、认知疾病、炎性疾病、肥胖症、腹部肥胖症、高血压、高心率、高血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度、高血浆棕榈酸浓度、低血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度和低血浆硬脂酸浓度。
本发明提供根据上述任一种制剂的制剂,用于制备用于以下一种或多种的药物组合物、膳食补充剂、医疗食品、营养或保健组合物:治疗心血管疾病(CVD),治疗认知疾病,治疗炎性疾病,治疗肥胖症,治疗腹部肥胖症,预防CVD,预防认知疾病,预防炎性疾病,预防肥胖症,预防腹部肥胖症,降低高血压,降低心率,降低血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度,降低血浆棕榈酸浓度,增加血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度,和增加血浆硬脂酸浓度。
本发明提供了用于以下一种或多种的方法:治疗心血管疾病(CVD),治疗认知疾病,治疗炎性疾病,治疗肥胖症,治疗腹部肥胖症,预防CVD,预防认知疾病,预防炎性疾病,预防肥胖症,预防腹部肥胖症,降低高血压,降低心率,降低血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度,降低血浆棕榈酸浓度,增加血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度,和增加血浆硬脂酸浓度,包括对有需要的受试者施用有效量的任一上述制剂。
具体实施方式
磷虾油与对代谢危险因素的积极作用相关,所述积极作用例如血浆脂质水平的降低、胆固醇水平的降低、血糖水平的降低、体重减轻、肝脏脂肪减少和血压降低。磷虾油也与炎症的减轻和炎性疾病的严重性降低有关。此外,磷虾油与改善的认知功能相关,具有抗抑郁潜能并且与经前期综合征的症状的改善相关。
本发明提供了包含磷虾油的特定制剂,其中制剂中磷脂质的量与制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)为0.5至1.6,这令人惊奇地对于减低代谢危险因素和心血管疾病风险因素如高体重、高血压、高心率、高血液棕榈酸水平和高饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸的比率和对于增加血液中硬脂酸和α亚麻酸水平较常规磷虾油更加有效。
本文所用的术语“治疗(treatment)”或“治疗(treating)”是指在受试者上获得期望的药理学和生理学作用,包括术语“预防”的预防学或部分预防不希望的状况或症状发展,和/或术语“治愈”的治疗学,部分或完全治愈已存在的不希望状况。术语“治疗”在本申请的上下文中用作治疗健康或患有病况、疾病或受损的生理/医学状况的受试者。
如本文所用,术语“磷脂质”应理解为包括以下通式的脂质:
其中取代基,R1(位置sn-1上的取代基)和R2(位置sn-2上的取代基),彼此独立且选自H或选自饱和、单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸的酰基,X表示选自丝氨酸、胆碱、乙醇胺、肌醇、甘油和氢的部分。
如本文所用,术语“脂肪酸”应理解为包括具有长的未支化的脂族尾(链)的羧酸,其是饱和或不饱和的,具有一个不饱和键(单不饱和脂肪酸)或两个或更多不饱和键(多不饱和脂肪酸)。当提及“脂肪酸酰基”时,应当理解为包括-C(=O)-R基团,其中R是长的未支化的脂族尾,其是饱和的或不饱和的,具有一个不饱和键(单不饱和脂肪酸)或两个或更多个不饱和键(多不饱和脂肪酸)。
饱和脂肪酸的非限制性实例包括:丁酸(丁酸,C4:0)、己酸(己酸,C6:0),辛酸(辛酸,C8:0)、癸酸(癸酸,C10:0)、月桂酸(十二烷酸C12:0)、肉豆蔻酸(十四烷酸C14:0)、棕榈酸(十六烷酸C16:0)、硬脂酸(十八烷酸C18:0)、花生酸(二十烷酸C20:0)、山萮酸(二十二烷酸C22:0)。
不饱和脂肪酸的非限制性实例包括:肉豆蔻烯酸(C14:1,ω-5),棕榈油酸(C16:1,ω-7),油酸(C18:1,ω-9),亚油酸(C18:2,ω-6),亚麻酸(C18:3)[α-亚麻酸(C18:3,ω-3),γ-亚麻酸(C18:3,ω-6)],二十碳烯酸(C20:1,ω-9)、花生四烯酸(C20:4,ω-6),二十碳五烯酸(C20:5,ω-3),芥酸(C22:1,ω-9),二十二碳五烯酸(22:5,ω-3),二十二碳六烯酸(C22:6,ω-3),神经酸(C24:1,ω-9)。
当提及“...与磷脂质共轭的[脂肪酸]...”时,应当理解为包括其中脂肪酸酰基在磷脂质骨架sn-1位置和/或sn-2位置共轭的磷脂质(通过甘油氧原子)。
本发明提供了包含至少30%(w/w),优选至少35%(w/w),更优选至少40%(w/w),且最优选至少42%(w/w)或45%(w/w)的磷脂质的制剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,制剂中磷脂质的量与制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)为0.5至1.6,优选0.6至1.5,更优选0.7至1.4,甚至更优选0.8至1.2,且最优选0.8至1或0.9至1。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,制剂中磷脂质的量与制剂中EPA的量和制剂中DHA的量之和的比(w/w)为0.7至2.3,优选0.75至1.75,更优选0.9至1.5,最优选0.9至1.3或1至1.3。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中c16(棕榈酸)的浓度小于15%(w/w),优选小于14%(w/w)或13%(w/w),更优选小于10%(w/w)且最优选小于9%(w/w)或8%(w/w)。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中饱和脂肪酸的量与制剂中不饱和脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)小于0.5,优选小于0.45,更优选小于0.4,甚至更优选小于0.35,且最优选小于0.3或0.2。
根据一个实施方案,本发明的制剂包含大于20%的ω-3脂肪酸(w/w),优选大于30%(w/w),更优选大于40%(w/w),甚至更优选大于45%(w/w),且最优选大于50%(w/w)。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的制剂中胆固醇的浓度小于1.5%(w/w),优选小于1.2%(w/w),更优选小于1.0%(w/w),甚至更优选小于0.7%(w/w),且最优选小于0.5%(w/w)。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)小于0.9,优选小于0.75,更优选小于0.6,最优选小于0.4。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中EPA的量和制剂中DHA的量之和与制剂中肉豆蔻酸(C14)的量的比(w/w)大于4,优选大于10,更优选大于12,甚至更优选大于15,最优选大于20。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中肉豆蔻酸(C14)的量的比(w/w)大于5,优选大于10,更优选大于15,甚至更优选大于20,最优选大于30。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中EPA的量与制剂中DHA的量之和与制剂中ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)大于9,优选大于13,更优选大于18,甚至更优选大于20,最优选大于22。
根据另一个实施方案,制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的量与制剂中ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)大于11,优选大于13或15,更优选大于18或20,最优选大于25。
本发明的制剂可以由磷虾油如下制备。对于该方法,可以使用含磷脂质和ω-3脂肪酸的任何磷虾油。任选地,可以通过磷虾生物质的有机溶剂提取获得磷虾油,而所述磷虾生物质可以是膳食的形式或新鲜或冷冻磷虾的形式,或通过烹饪和倾析以去除一些水含量的新鲜或冷冻磷虾的形式。
然后通过使用溶剂分馏来处理磷虾油以增加磷脂质浓度。对于该步骤,可以使用能够以比原始磷虾油中更高的浓度分离含有磷脂质的相的任何溶剂或一种或多种溶剂的混合物。任选的溶剂是己烷、庚烷、丙酮、乙醇或水。将磷虾油与溶剂或一种或多种溶剂的混合物混合,并且通过离心或通过过滤,任选通过重力相分离,获得富含磷脂质的相。任选地,可以通过膜纯化从磷虾油中富集磷虾磷脂质,其中磷虾油可以溶解在有机溶剂,优选己烷或庚烷中,并且溶解的磷虾油可以通过膜,其中磷脂质将浓缩在膜的浓缩物侧,而一些其它脂质将选择性地通过至膜渗透物。任选地从所获得的富磷脂质相中除去溶剂,任选地通过优选在减压下蒸发溶剂除去。在其中将富磷脂质部分与其它油混合的下一个工艺阶段之后,溶剂也可被除去。
磷脂质浓缩阶段任选重复一次或多次,以获得所需的磷脂质含量。富磷脂质相任选地如上所述再次与一种或多种溶剂混合,并通过离心或通过过滤,任选地通过重力相分离,获得进一步磷脂质富集的相。任选地,富磷脂质相可通过膜纯化进一步富集,其中其可以溶解在有机溶剂,优选己烷或庚烷中,并且所述溶液可以通过膜,其中磷脂质将浓缩在膜的浓缩物侧,而一些其它脂质将选择性地通过至膜渗透物。任选地从富磷脂质相中除去溶剂,任选地通过优选在减压下蒸发溶剂除去。在将富磷脂质部分与其它油混合的下一个加工阶段之后,溶剂也可被除去。
然后将含高浓度磷脂质的磷虾油制剂与一种或多种含ω-3脂肪酸的油混合以制备本发明的最终制剂。用于配制工艺的该步骤的油任选地衍生自鱼、甘油三酯鱼油、乙酯鱼油、磷虾、虾、植物油或其它已知源。任选并优选地,使用鱼油用于所述与磷脂质的混合。任选和优选地,所述油含有大于30%w/w的ω-3脂肪酸,更优选大于40%的ω-3脂肪酸,甚至更优选大于55%的ω-3脂肪酸,且最优选大于70%的ω-3脂肪酸。富磷脂质的磷虾油在与含有ω-3脂肪酸的油混合时任选地溶解在有机溶剂(例如己烷、乙醇、丙酮或其混合物)中。使用的溶剂可以是从磷脂质浓缩阶段留下的溶剂,或者是配制阶段加入的其它溶剂。在使用溶剂的情况下,它们在混合步骤后除去。溶剂去除优选通过在减压下蒸发进行。任选地,富磷脂质的磷虾油在所述配制阶段之前干燥溶剂,并且不再溶解,“原样地”与含ω-3的油混合。
含有高磷脂质浓度的磷虾油和ω-3油之间的重量比由本发明的最终制剂中所需的磷脂质、EPA、DHA和ω-3的浓度确定。
本发明的磷虾油制剂可为流体油、粉末、颗粒、蜡状物、糊状物、油或水性乳液形式以及任何使其能够使用的形式。在本发明的另一个方面中,所述磷虾油制剂与营养、药物或保健组合物或功能或医疗食物结合使用或为它们的一部分。
如本文所用的营养组合物可为任何营养组合物,包括但不限于,人乳脂替代品、婴儿配方产品、成人配方产品、乳制品、奶粉、饮料、冰淇淋、饼干、大豆产品、烘焙食品(bakery)、面粉糕饼和面包、酱汁、汤、预制食品、冷冻食品、调味品、糖食、油脂、人造黄油、丰盛的食物(spread)、填料、谷类、即食产品、婴儿食品、幼童食品、酒吧食品(bar)、快餐、糖果和巧克力产品。
所述药物或保健组合物可为本领域中通常使用的多种剂量递送形式中任一种。适合于口服的药物组合物可呈现为离散剂量单元,例如丸剂、片剂、小球、糖衣药丸(dragées)或胶囊,或为粉末或颗粒,或为溶液、悬浮液或酏剂。本发明组合物的合适的给药途径为口服、口腔含化给药、舌下给药、通过食管给药、局部给药、经皮给药或肠胃外给药(包括皮下给药、肌肉给药、静脉内给药和皮内给药)。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物是口服施用的。
本文所用的保健组合物可为任何保健品,其可为可被认为是食物或食物的一部分并提供医疗或健康益处的任何物质,所述医疗或健康益处包括疾病或病况的预防和治疗。这样的保健组合物包括但不限于,食品添加剂,食品补充剂,膳食补充剂,基因工程食品例如蔬菜,草药食品,和加工食品例如谷类、汤类和饮料类和刺激性功能食品,医疗食品和药物食品(pharmafood)。膳食补充剂可以软凝胶胶囊、片剂、糖浆剂和其他已知的膳食补充剂递送系统的形式被递送。
如本文所用,功能食品可为任何功能食品,包括但不限于,乳制品、冰淇淋、饼干、大豆产品、烘焙食品、面粉糕饼、蛋糕和面包、即食产品、酱汁、汤、预制食品、冷冻食品、调味品、糖食、油脂、人造黄油、丰盛的食物、填料、谷类、即食产品、饮料和混合饮料(shake)、婴儿食品、酒吧食品、快餐、糖果和巧克力产品。
组合物的给药的确切剂量和规则将必然取决于要实现的治疗效果,并且可以随具体配方、给药途径以及组合物将被施用于的个体受试者的年龄和状况而变化。
本发明还提供药物组合物,其中所述制剂与(药学上)可接受的辅助物和任选的其他治疗剂混合。所述辅助物从与组合物的其他成分相容的意义上说必须是“可接受的”且对于其受试者是无毒害的。在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的药物组合物还包含至少一种额外的药物活性剂。所述药物或保健组合物可以通过药学领域周知的任何方法制备。这样的方法包括使成分与任何辅助剂结合的步骤。辅助剂(也称为辅助成分)包括本领域中常规的那些,例如载体、填充剂、粘合剂、稀释剂、干燥剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、着色剂、调味剂、抗氧化剂和润湿剂。
本发明的药物或保健组合物可进一步包含可食用纤维、芳香成分、味道成分和控制物理和感官性质的成分。
本发明的另一方面提供一种本发明的制剂,所述制剂用于降低CVD风险因子和/或治疗或预防CVD,和/或改善患有CVD受试者的状况,和/或改善患有认知疾病或病况的受试者的病况,和/或治疗或预防认知疾病或病况,和/或治疗或预防炎症或炎性疾病,和/或改善患有炎症或炎性疾病或病况的受试者的病况,和/或治疗或预防抑郁症,和/或改善患有抑郁症受试者的病况,和/或治疗或预防经前综合征,和/或改善患有经前综合征的受试者的病况。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述受试者是幼童。在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述受试者是儿童。在其它实施方案中,所述受试者是成年人(包括男性、怀孕前或怀孕后的育龄期女性、青少年、上了年纪的年长受试者)。在其他实施方案中,所述受试者是怀孕或哺乳期妇女。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于以下一种或多种的本发明制剂:减少体重、降低血压、降低心率和改善血清脂质分布。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明脂质谱的改善包括以下的一种或多种:增加至少一种ω-3脂肪酸,包括EPA、DHA和ALA,以及硬脂酸,和降低不饱和脂肪酸,包括棕榈酸。
如本文所用,术语“CVD风险因子”应被理解为包括但不限于高血液LDL或总胆固醇或甘油三酯水平、低血清HDL胆固醇、升高的血清同型半胱氨酸、高血压、炎症、糖尿病和超重和肥胖(NHLBI.(2011)What Are Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors?)。
如本文所用,术语“CVD”应被理解为包含任何心血管疾病或病况。这样的心血管疾病或病况的非限制性实例包括风湿性心脏病、心脏瓣膜疾病、动脉瘤、动脉硬化、外周动脉疾病、心绞痛、冠状动脉疾病、冠心病、心肌梗死、猝死、脑血管疾病、中风、短暂性脑缺血发作、心肌症、心包疾病、先天性心脏病和心力衰竭。
如本文所用,术语“认知疾病或病况”应被理解为包含任何认知疾病或病况。这样的认知疾病或病况的非限制实例为注意力缺失症(ADD)、注意力缺失过动症(ADHD)、阅读障碍、年龄相关的记忆缺陷和学习障碍、健忘症、轻度认知障碍、认知受损非痴呆、阿尔茨海默病前疾病、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病、痴呆前综合症、痴呆、与年龄有关的认知减退、认知劣化、中度精神损害、由于变老的精神衰退、影响脑电波强度和/或脑葡萄糖利用的病况、压力、焦虑、抑郁、行为障碍、集中和注意力障碍、情绪恶化、通常的认知和心理健康、神经退行性疾病、激素失调、由脑震荡或创伤性脑损伤引起的认知障碍或它们的任何组合。在一个具体的实施方案中,所述认知病况为记忆缺陷。
如本文所用,术语“炎性疾病”应被理解为包含任何炎性疾病或病况。这样的炎性疾病或病况的非限制性实例包括类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、哮喘、前列腺炎、结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、皮炎、憩室炎、血管球性肾炎、间质性膀胱炎、肠道易激综合症、肾炎、盆腔炎、牙周炎、再灌注损伤、结节病、移植排斥和血管炎。
本文所用的术语“改善病况”应被理解为包含:减轻与疾病、病况相关的不需要的症状,或病理病况;在症状发生前预防症状的表现;减缓疾病或病况的发展;减缓疾病或病况的恶化;减缓在疾病或病况的渐进性(或慢性)阶段造成的不可逆性损害;延迟(渐进性)疾病或病况的发作;降低疾病或病况的严重性;治愈疾病或病况;阻止疾病或病况共同发生(例如在通常有所述疾病倾向的个体中)或上述任何组合。
本文所述的制剂的有效量是在所公开的病况或疾病的治疗和管理中提供治疗益处的该制剂的剂量。本领域技术人员将认识到所述有效量可例如根据已知的因素变化,所述因素例如本发明制剂的药效和药代动力学特征和其施用模式和途径,接收所述制剂的受试者的年龄、性别、健康和体重,治疗的频率和所需的效果,和并发治疗的类型。本领域技术人员还会认识到可基于在该专利申请的公开内容和本领域中的常识确定制剂的有效量或剂量。
可通过标准临床技术来确定在本文公开的病况和疾病的治疗和/或管理中有效的制剂的量。可任选地采用体外或体内试验帮助确定最优剂量范围。
所有上述专利文献和科学研究文章通过引用整体并入本文。
下面的实施例进一步说明本发明,但不应解释为以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
与常规磷虾油相比,根据本发明所述的制剂的脂质组成
表1
实施例2
与常规磷虾油相比,本发明制剂的功效
实验设计-招募20名健康人受试者进行两阶段交叉试验。在第一个4周治疗阶段期间,受试者每天接受3克常规磷虾油(提供600mgω-3PUFA(188mg DHA和337mg EPA)和1200mg磷虾磷脂质)或1.5g制剂E(表1)(提供600mg的ω-3PUFA(207mg DHA和321mg EPA)和600mg磷虾磷脂质)。
在8周的洗脱阶段后,受试者接受前述两种治疗方案之一另外4周。所有受试者完成2个阶段的所述研究,具有在治疗胶囊的消耗方面95%的依从性。
在消耗磷虾油与本发明的制剂后的人体测量-在每个干预阶段的基线和终点进行人体测量测量(表2)。与常规磷虾油相比,在消耗本发明的制剂4周后观察到体重的统计学显着降低。此外,BMI和腰围测量也证实了施用本发明的制剂后的减少。此外,与常规磷虾油施用相比,施用本发明的制剂后,血压(心脏收缩和心脏舒张)和心率也降低。
表2
*表示磷虾油和本发明的制剂(制剂E)之间的统计学上显著差异
值表示为平均值±SEM,n=20。
与常规磷虾油对相同血浆脂肪酸组成的影响相比,制剂E对试验受试者的血浆脂肪酸组成的影响-使用Folch方法(Folch,J.,Lees,M.,and Sloane Stanley,G.H.(1957)Asimple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animaltissues.J Biol Chem 226,497-509)提取血浆总脂质,其涉及含有0.01%BHT(Sigma-Aldrich,Oakville,ON,加拿大)的氯仿-甲醇(2:1,v/v)和十七烷酸作为内标(Sigma-Aldrich,Oakville,ON,加拿大)。用甲醇HCl(methanolic HCl)将提取的脂肪酸甲基化。使用配有火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪(Bruker 430),在Supelcowax 10柱(30m X0.25mm,0.25mm膜厚;Supelco,Bellefonte,PA,USA)上分离脂肪酸甲酯。烘箱被编程为70至240℃,具有以下温度步骤(70℃2分钟,升温30℃/分钟,180℃1分钟,升温10度/分钟,200℃2分钟,升温2℃/分钟,220℃4分钟,升温20℃/分钟,240℃6分钟)。以20:1的分流比分析样品,氦气用作载气,柱流速为1.0ml/min。将注射器和检测器的温度分别设定为270℃和290℃。通过与已知标准(NuChek Prep,Inc.,Elysian,MN,USA)比较来鉴定单个脂肪酸。根据相对于总面积的峰面积计算单个脂肪酸的浓度,并表示为总脂肪酸的百分比(即g/100g)。
表3(在所测试的制剂中施用的脂肪酸的日剂量)
表4(与施用本发明的制剂相比,施用常规磷虾油后试验受试者的血浆中脂肪酸浓度的变化)
*组之间的统计学上显著差异(p<0.05),FA=脂肪酸。
从表4中可以看出,试验受试者血浆中的硬脂酸水平在磷虾油摄入后下降。令人惊奇的是,尽管所施用的对照磷虾油含有比根据本发明的制剂更高的硬脂酸水平(表3),但是本发明的制剂的消耗导致硬脂酸血浆水平的显着增加。类似地,ALA的血浆水平在磷虾油消耗后降低,但在消耗本发明的制剂后增加。尽管本发明的制剂仅含有在常规磷虾油中发现的ALA量的五分之一,但组间ALA血浆水平的变化在统计学上是显著的(表3)。
此外,磷虾油的消耗,每天提供0.74g饱和脂肪酸(表3),导致饱和脂肪酸,特别是棕榈酸的血浆水平降低(表4)。本发明的制剂的消耗,提供0.17g饱和脂肪酸的日剂量(表3),导致饱和脂肪酸,特别是棕榈酸的血浆水平降低,低于常规磷虾油消耗后水平至少5倍(表4)。
Claims (15)
1.一种包含磷虾油的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的磷脂质和一定量的ω-3脂肪酸,使得磷脂质的量与ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)为0.5-1.6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂中磷脂质浓度为至少30%(w/w)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂包含一定量的EPA和一定量的DHA,使得磷脂质的量与EPA的量和DHA的量之和的比(w/w)为0.7-2.3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂中棕榈酸的浓度小于15%(w/w)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的饱和脂肪酸和一定量的不饱和脂肪酸,使得饱和脂肪酸的量与不饱和脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)(饱和脂肪酸:不饱和脂肪酸)小于0.5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂中ω-3脂肪酸的浓度大于20%(w/w)
7.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂中胆固醇浓度小于1.5%(w/w)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸,使得结合到磷脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量与结合到中性脂质的ω-3脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)小于0.9。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂包含一定量的EPA、一定量的DHA和一定量的肉豆蔻酸,使得EPA的量和DHA的量之和与制剂中肉豆蔻酸的量的比(w/w)大于4。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的肉豆蔻酸,使得ω-3脂肪酸的量与肉豆蔻酸的量的比(w/w)大于5。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的EPA、一定量的DHA和一定量的ω-6脂肪酸,使得EPA的量和DHA的量之和与制剂中ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)大于9。
12.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中所述制剂含有一定量的ω-3脂肪酸和一定量的ω-6脂肪酸,使得ω-3脂肪酸的量与ω-6脂肪酸的量的比(w/w)大于11。
13.包含权利要求1-12任一项所述的制剂的营养、药物或保健组合物或者功能或医疗食品。
14.一种治疗或预防选自如下的一种或多种病况的方法:心血管疾病(CVD)、认知疾病、炎性疾病、肥胖症、腹部肥胖症、高血压、高心率、高血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度、高血浆棕榈酸浓度、低血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度和低血浆硬脂酸浓度,所述方法包括对有需要的受试者施用有效量的权利要求1-12任一项所述的制剂。
15.根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的制剂用于选自以下的一种或多种用途:治疗心血管疾病(CVD),治疗认知疾病,治疗炎性疾病,治疗肥胖症,治疗腹部肥胖症,预防CVD,预防认知疾病,预防炎性疾病,预防肥胖症,预防腹部肥胖症,降低高血压,降低心率,降低血浆饱和脂肪酸浓度,降低血浆棕榈酸浓度,增加血浆α-亚麻酸(ALA)浓度,和增加血浆硬脂酸浓度。
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WO2017158355A1 (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2017-09-21 | Queen Mary University Of London | Method of treatment of obesity |
CN110122637A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-08-16 | 华南理工大学 | 一种磷虾油夹心巧克力及其制作方法 |
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WO2012172411A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Stable Solutions Llc | Therapeutic application of parenteral krill oil |
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