WO2014157601A1 - 金属基板、それを用いたサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池及びトップエミッション型有機el素子 - Google Patents
金属基板、それを用いたサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池及びトップエミッション型有機el素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157601A1 WO2014157601A1 PCT/JP2014/059075 JP2014059075W WO2014157601A1 WO 2014157601 A1 WO2014157601 A1 WO 2014157601A1 JP 2014059075 W JP2014059075 W JP 2014059075W WO 2014157601 A1 WO2014157601 A1 WO 2014157601A1
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- film
- metal substrate
- layer
- metal
- metal plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal substrate used for a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL device, and relates to a metal substrate having a smooth surface and an insulating surface.
- Thin-film solar cells 2 types of structures of a superstrate type thin film solar cell and a substrate type thin film solar cell It has been known.
- a substrate, a transparent electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a back electrode are usually laminated in this order, and light is incident from the substrate side.
- a substrate-type thin film solar cell usually has a structure in which a substrate, a back electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a transparent electrode are laminated in this order, and light is incident from the transparent electrode side.
- the substrate of the substrate type thin film solar cell makes light incident from the transparent electrode side
- the substrate of the substrate type thin film solar cell is not required to have translucency. Therefore, it is not possible to use a substrate such as glass or plastic but a substrate that does not have translucency such as a metal plate but has excellent workability.
- the surface of the substrate in order to function as a thin film solar cell, the surface of the substrate must be smooth and the surface needs to have insulating properties, but the surface of the metal plate itself usually has irregularities of about 1 ⁇ m or more, Since it has conductivity, it cannot be used as it is as a substrate. Therefore, it is considered that if a film is formed on a metal plate so as to satisfy the above conditions, the metal plate can be used as a substrate.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 below propose such a substrate.
- Patent Document 1 describes an insulating substrate for an organic EL element in which a metal plate is used as a base material and an insulating layer made of an organic resin and having a film thickness of 1 to 40 ⁇ m and a surface roughness of 0.5 ⁇ m or less is laminated on the base material surface.
- Patent Document 1 only describes an insulating substrate having a surface roughness of 100 nm or more, which is insufficient in surface smoothness and surface insulation, and is a substrate for a substrate type thin film solar cell.
- the back surface electrode and the transparent electrode may be electrically short-circuited due to the unevenness of the substrate surface, which may cause insulation failure.
- Patent Document 2 describes a flexible device substrate in which a metal foil, a planarization layer containing polyimide, and an adhesion layer containing an inorganic compound are sequentially laminated.
- the surface is smoothed by using an expensive polyimide, which causes a problem in terms of cost.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a metal substrate that is used for a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL element, and has excellent smoothness of the surface of the metal plate and also has excellent insulating properties. Raised.
- the present inventors are a metal substrate used in a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL device, and smoothes the surface of the film laminated on the metal plate and has an insulating property on the surface of the film.
- the metal substrate was completed.
- the present invention is a metal substrate used for a substrate-type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL element, wherein a film laminated with one or more layers is formed on the surface of the metal plate, The surface roughness Ra of the film is 30 nm or less, and the film is obtained by baking a film-forming composition containing a thermosetting resin and having a solid pigment volume fraction of 20% or less.
- the metal substrate is used for a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL element.
- the present inventors have completed the following three types of metal substrates.
- the present inventors have completed the first metal substrate having an insulating property while smoothing the surface of the film by laminating a predetermined film on the metal plate.
- this first metal substrate only one layer of a film having a film thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less is laminated on the surface of the metal plate, the surface roughness Ra of the film is 30 nm or less,
- the present inventors smoothed the surface of the film on the outermost layer farthest from the metal plate by laminating a plurality of predetermined films on the metal plate, and provided a second metal substrate having insulation. Also came to be completed.
- the second metal substrate In the second metal substrate, a plurality of layers having a film thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less are laminated on the surface of the metal plate, and the total film thickness of these layers is 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the surface of the film farthest from the metal plate is a metal substrate having a surface roughness Ra of 30 nm or less, and the film of each layer is obtained by baking a film-forming composition containing a thermosetting resin.
- the metal substrate is used for a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL element.
- the present inventors smooth the surface of the film on the outermost layer farthest from the metal plate and complete a third metal substrate having insulating properties even when the total film thickness exceeds 40 ⁇ m. It came to.
- a film in which one or more layers are laminated is formed on the surface of the metal plate, the total film thickness is more than 40 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m or less, and the surface roughness Ra of the film is 30 nm or less.
- the film forming composition further includes a curing agent, and the mass ratio of the curing agent to the thermosetting resin in the film forming composition is 0.6 or more and 1. 0.0 or less is preferable.
- the film forming composition further includes a curing agent, and the mass ratio of the curing agent to the thermosetting resin in the film forming composition is 0.6 or more and 1. 0.0 or less, and the total film thickness of the plurality of layers is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the film-forming composition that forms the film farthest from the metal plate is replaced with an inorganic polymer and / or an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer in place of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent.
- numerator may be sufficient.
- thermosetting resin is preferably a polyester resin.
- the surface roughness Ra of the film having only one layer or the film farthest from the metal plate is preferably 10 nm or less.
- the present invention also includes a substrate type thin film solar cell and a top emission type organic EL device provided with the above-mentioned film laminated metal plate.
- the metal substrate according to the present invention smoothes the surface of the film by laminating a predetermined film on the metal plate, and the surface of the film has insulating properties.
- a metal substrate having excellent workability a thin film solar cell and an organic EL element could be obtained at low cost.
- the metal substrate of the present invention is obtained by laminating a film on at least one surface of a metal plate.
- metal substrate when simply described as “metal substrate”, all metal substrates (first, second, and third metal substrates) of the present invention are indicated.
- the metal plate used for the metal substrate of the present invention is a cold-rolled steel plate, a hot-dip galvanized steel plate (GI), an alloyed hot-dip Zn—Fe-plated steel plate (GA), an alloyed hot-dip Zn-5% Al-plated steel plate (GF). Electropure galvanized steel sheet (EG), electroplated Zn—Ni plated steel sheet, aluminum plate, titanium plate, galvalume steel plate and the like, preferably non-chromate, but can be chromated or untreated.
- the thickness of the metal plate is not particularly limited, but a metal plate having a thickness of about 0.3 to 2.0 mm can be used as appropriate.
- the metal plate may be subjected to a phosphoric acid-based chemical conversion treatment.
- the chemical conversion treatment is performed with an acidic aqueous solution containing colloidal silica and an aluminum phosphate compound as disclosed in JP-A-2005-264212. It is preferable to apply.
- an acidic aqueous solution containing colloidal silica and an aluminum phosphate salt compound is used as the chemical conversion treatment solution, the surface of the zinc-based plating layer is etched by the acidic aqueous solution, and the surface of the zinc-based plating layer is hardly soluble among aluminum phosphates.
- a reaction layer mainly composed of AlPO 4 or Al 2 (HPO 4 ) 3 (which is hardly soluble in water or an alkaline aqueous solution) is formed.
- the silica fine particles are deposited and taken into the reaction layer, the aluminum phosphate and the silica fine particles are combined and integrated.
- a dense reaction layer is formed with the zinc-based plating layer roughened by etching, and the bond with the resin coating formed on the reaction layer is also dense and strong.
- the acidic aqueous solution contains a water-soluble resin such as polyacrylic acid, the deposited state of the silica fine particles in the obtained reaction layer can be further strengthened.
- a film is laminated on a metal plate using a film-forming composition containing a thermosetting resin.
- the film-forming composition preferably contains a thermosetting resin and a curing agent.
- the film forming composition may contain a pigment as described later.
- thermosetting resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, and a diallyl phthalate resin.
- the polyester resin can also be referred to as a kind of thermosetting resin when used together with a curing agent described later. In the present invention, it is preferable to use the polyester resin.
- the polyester resin is obtained by a condensation reaction between a polybasic acid such as a dibasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.
- polybasic acid used as a raw material for the polyester resin examples include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dibasic acids such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride; phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, Halogenated phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, cyclopentadiene-maleic anhydride adduct, succinic acid, malonic acid , Glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3
- polyhydric alcohol used as a raw material for the polyester resin examples include ethylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, propylene glycols such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, and 2-methyl-1,3.
- amino alcohols such as ethanolamine may be used. Only one kind of these polyhydric alcohols may be used, or two or more kinds may be appropriately mixed. If necessary, modification with epoxy resin, diisocyanate, dicyclopentadiene or the like may be performed.
- thermosetting resin in the present invention.
- polyester resins for example, Byron (registered trademark) 23CS, Byron (registered trademark) 29CS, Byron (registered) (Trademark) 29XS, Byron (registered trademark) 20SS, Byron (registered trademark) 29SS (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the curing agent is not particularly limited, but a curing agent that has good compatibility with the thermosetting resin, can crosslink the thermosetting resin, and has good liquid stability is preferable.
- a curing agent for example, in the isocyanate system, Millionate (registered trademark) N, Coronate (registered trademark) T, Coronate (registered trademark) HL, Coronate (registered trademark) 2030, Suprasec (registered trademark) 3340, Daltsec 1350, Daltosec 2170, Daltosec 2280 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.), etc.
- the film-forming composition preferably contains 34.5 to 80.0% by mass of a thermosetting resin, more preferably 46.8% by mass to 57.6% by mass. .
- the film-forming composition preferably contains 10.6-35.0% by mass of a curing agent, more preferably 14.4-35.0% by mass.
- the mass% of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent in the above is the ratio of the content of the thermosetting resin and the curing agent to the total mass of the thermosetting resin, the curing agent, and the solid pigment in the film-forming composition. Point to.
- the film forming composition is liquid because it is preferably laminated by a coating method in which the film forming composition is applied on the surface of the metal plate or on the already laminated film. Therefore, it is recommended that the film-forming composition also contains a solvent.
- the solvent used in the film forming composition is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve or disperse each component to be contained in the film forming composition.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone; toluene, benzene, xylene, Solvesso (registered trademark) )
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as 100 (manufactured by ExxonMobil), Solvesso (registered trademark) 150 (manufactured by ExxonMobil); aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane and octane; esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate And the like.
- the film-forming composition can adjust the solid content using such a solvent, and is preferably 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less. It is.
- the solid content is less than 20% by mass, that is, when there are too many organic solvents, a large amount of the organic solvent evaporates during baking, and as a result, convection due to the organic solvent vaporized in the vicinity of the surface of the metal plate is likely to occur. The smoothness of the surface may be impaired.
- the range of film thicknesses that can be produced differs depending on whether a metal substrate in which only one layer of the film is laminated or a metal substrate in which a plurality of layers are laminated is produced. Moreover, the range of film thicknesses that can be produced differs depending on whether the film is produced by the pre-coating method described later or the post-coating method. (When producing a metal substrate with only one layer of film coated by the pre-coating method) The film thickness is 10 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less. When the film thickness is less than 10 ⁇ m, the withstand voltage of the metal substrate becomes less than 0.1 kV, and the withstand voltage (insulation resistance) may not be ensured. On the other hand, when the film thickness exceeds 40 ⁇ m, it is difficult to laminate the film on the metal plate so that the film becomes smooth, that is, the surface roughness Ra of the film may exceed 30 nm.
- the film thickness may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, or more than 40 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m or less.
- the withstand voltage of the metal substrate becomes less than 0.1 kV, and the withstand voltage (insulation resistance) may not be ensured.
- the film thickness exceeds 120 ⁇ m, it is difficult to laminate the film on the metal plate so that the film becomes smooth, that is, the surface roughness Ra of the film may exceed 30 nm.
- the film thickness of each of the multiple-layer films is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and the total film thickness of the multiple-layer films is 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the film thickness of each of the multiple layers is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more. If the film thickness per layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, defects such as pinholes may occur in the film, and the withstand voltage (insulation resistance) may not be ensured. Further, if the total film thickness of the plurality of layers is less than 3 ⁇ m, the withstand voltage of the metal substrate becomes less than 0.1 kV, and it may be impossible to ensure the withstand voltage (insulation resistance).
- the film thickness per layer exceeds 40 ⁇ m, it is difficult to laminate the film so that the film is smooth, that is, the surface roughness Ra of the film farthest from the metal plate may exceed 30 nm. .
- it is preferably a laminate of 2 or more layers and 4 or less layers, more preferably a laminate of only 2 layers.
- the film thickness of each of the multiple-layer films is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and the total film thickness of the multiple-layer films may be 3 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, or more than 40 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of each of the multiple layers is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more. If the film thickness per layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, defects such as pinholes may occur in the film, and the withstand voltage (insulation resistance) may not be ensured.
- the withstand voltage of the metal substrate becomes less than 0.1 kV, and it may be impossible to ensure the withstand voltage (insulation resistance).
- the film thickness per layer exceeds 40 ⁇ m, it is difficult to laminate the film on the metal plate so that the film is smooth, that is, the surface roughness Ra of the film may exceed 30 nm.
- it is preferably a laminate of 2 or more layers and 4 or less layers, more preferably a laminate of only 2 layers.
- the surface of the film needs to be smooth.
- the most distant film from the metal plate in the case where a plurality of layers are laminated hereinafter referred to as either the film in which only one layer is laminated or the most distant film from the metal plate in the case where a plurality of layers are laminated).
- the surface layer is also required to have a smooth surface. Specifically, the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer is 30 nm or less, and preferably the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer is 10 nm or less.
- the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer exceeds 30 nm, there is a risk of causing an insulation failure due to a short circuit between the electrodes due to irregularities on the surface of the outermost layer.
- the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer can be measured by the measurement method described later. Note that the irregularities on the surface caused by the attachment of particles such as dust and dust can be easily removed by smoothing such as polishing because the particles of dust and dust are much larger than about 30 nm. Therefore, the unevenness caused by particles such as dust and dust is very unlikely to lead to insulation failure.
- the film forming composition In order to smooth the surface of the film, specifically, to make the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer 30 nm or less, the film forming composition preferably does not contain a solid pigment. However, when it is necessary to color the film and the film must contain a pigment, the volume fraction of the solid pigment in the film-forming composition is preferably 20% or less. Since the particle size of the solid pigment is usually much larger than 30 nm, when the volume fraction of the solid pigment in the film-forming composition exceeds 20%, it is difficult to make the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer 30 nm or less. Become.
- pigment types for coloring each of the following colors include: white: inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, lithopone, and lead white; black: organic such as aniline black and nigrosine Pigments, inorganic pigments such as carbon black, inorganic pigments such as iron black, red: organic pigments such as insoluble azo (naphthol and anilide) or soluble azo, bengara, cadmium red, red lead, etc.
- white inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, lithopone, and lead white
- black organic such as aniline black and nigrosine Pigments
- inorganic pigments such as carbon black
- inorganic pigments such as iron black
- red organic pigments such as insoluble azo (naphthol and anilide) or soluble azo, bengara, cadmium red, red lead, etc.
- Inorganic pigments yellow: organic pigments such as insoluble azo (naphthol and anilide), soluble azo and quinacridone, and inorganic pigments such as chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, nickel titanium yellow, tan and strontium chromate , Green: organic phthalocyanine pigment, blue: organic phthalocyanine pigment, dioxazine pigment, amber , Ultramarine, cobalt blue, etc. emerald green inorganic pigments, orange: benzimidazolone, organic pigments such pyrazolone and the like.
- color pigments those with the same color but different chemical structures, or by mixing two or more color pigments of different colors at an appropriate blending ratio, gray, brown, purple, red purple, blue purple, orange, golden color It can be colored to a desired color.
- the average particle diameter is, for example, approximately 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 0.4 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less when granular. Is done. When the average particle size exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to make the surface roughness Ra of the outermost layer formed from the film forming composition containing titanium oxide 30 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the titanium oxide is obtained by measuring the particle size distribution of the titanium oxide particles after classification with a general particle size distribution meter, and calculating an integrated value 50 from the small particle size side calculated based on the measurement result.
- % Particle size (D50) Such a particle size distribution can be measured by a diffraction or scattering intensity pattern generated by applying light to the particles. Examples of such a particle size distribution meter include Microtrac 9220FRA and Microtrac HRA manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd. Is exemplified.
- titanium oxide satisfying the above-mentioned preferable average particle size commercially available products may be used.
- TITANIX registered trademark
- JR-301 average particle size 0.30 ⁇ m
- JR-603 manufactured by Teika Co., Ltd.
- JR-806 Average particle size 0.25 ⁇ m
- JRNC average particle size 0.37 ⁇ m
- a pigment dispersant may be added to the film forming composition.
- a suitable pigment dispersant is at least one selected from the group consisting of a water-soluble acrylic resin, a water-soluble styrene acrylic resin, and a nonionic surfactant. When these are used, the pigment dispersant remains in the colored coating film.
- the withstand voltage is measured by the method described later, and 0.1 kV or more is necessary. Preferably it is 0.3 kV or more, more preferably 1.0 kV or more. If the withstand voltage is less than 0.1 kV, there is a risk of causing an insulation failure due to a short circuit between the electrodes.
- the method for applying and drying the film-forming composition is not particularly limited, and known methods can be appropriately employed.
- Examples of the method for applying the composition for producing the first metal substrate and the second metal substrate include a precoat method such as a bar coater method, a roll coater method, a curtain flow coater method, a spray method, and a spray ringer method.
- the bar coater method, the roll coater method, and the spray ringer method are preferable from the viewpoint of cost and the like.
- a post-coating method such as an electrostatic coating method or a spin coating method can be used.
- the post-coating method is used, the first metal substrate or the second metal substrate is used. Not only a metal substrate but also a third metal substrate can be manufactured.
- the baking temperature is not particularly limited and may be adjusted according to the curing characteristics of the resin used for the film.
- a polyester-based resin used for the precoat method it is preferably 190 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower. More preferably, it is 200 degreeC or more and 240 degrees C or less.
- the drying temperature may be such that the film is not deteriorated by heat. For example, it is preferably about 190 to 250 ° C., more preferably about 200 to 240 ° C.
- the baking / drying temperature is a peak metal temperature (PMT).
- the total thickness of the second metal substrate is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably, the film-forming composition further includes a curing agent.
- the mass ratio of the curing agent to the thermosetting resin in the film-forming composition is 0.6 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the film-forming composition that forms the film farthest from the metal plate is replaced with a thermosetting resin and a curing agent, an inorganic polymer, and / or an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer. Hybrid polymers with molecules may also be included.
- the mass ratio of the curing agent to the thermosetting resin in the film-forming composition is 0.6 or more and 1.0 or less, preferably 0.62 or more and 1. 0 or less, more preferably 0.65 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the film does not dissolve in an organic solvent, but solvent molecules may enter the film and cause alteration such as swelling. In order to suppress this, it is effective to increase the degree of cure (crosslink density) of the film by adding a predetermined amount of curing agent to the thermosetting resin.
- the criteria for judging the resistance (chemical resistance) to an organic solvent will be described later.
- the film-forming composition preferably contains 26.5 to 62.5% by mass of the thermosetting resin, more preferably 36. It is 0 mass% or more and 56.3 mass% or less. And it is preferable that 27.0 mass% or more of hardening
- outermost layer film In the second metal substrate, as the outermost layer forming composition, instead of the above-described film forming composition containing the thermosetting resin and the curing agent, an inorganic polymer, or an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer are used. And a composition containing a hybrid polymer can be used.
- a certain amount of curing agent is added to the thermosetting resin, it is effective against solvents such as benzene and xylene, but it is strong as trifluoroacetic acid, nitromethane, dichlorobenzene, and chlorobenzene.
- the outermost layer may be denatured.
- thermosetting resin instead of the film-forming composition containing the thermosetting resin, it is preferable to use a composition containing an inorganic polymer and / or a hybrid polymer of an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer, and a composition containing a hybrid polymer of an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer. More preferably, it is used.
- the inorganic polymer examples include polysilazane, polysiloxane, polysilane, polygermane, polyphosphazene, polystannane, polymetalloxane, polycarbosilane, and the like, and polysilazane is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- polysilazane an organic polysilazane containing an organic component such as a methyl group in the basic structural unit is also known, but an inorganic polysilazane containing no organic component such as a methyl group in the basic structural unit is preferable.
- Inorganic polysilazane has — (SiH 2 NH) — as the basic structural unit, does not contain organic components such as methyl groups in the basic structural unit, and consists of a chain, a ring, or a composite structure of these.
- Heating and solvent removal A material that is converted to —SiO 2 — (hereinafter simply referred to as SiO 2 ) by reaction with oxygen or moisture in the atmosphere (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-145903).
- the composition for forming the outermost layer containing the inorganic polysilazane is applied, and the solvent is removed by heating the composition in the air.
- the inorganic polysilazane reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air, and the surface of the metal plate is SiO 2.
- a hard film (SiO 2 layer) mainly composed of can be formed. That is, after applying the outermost layer-forming composition containing inorganic polysilazane, heating in the air causes removal of the solvent and reaction of the inorganic polysilazane with oxygen and moisture in the air. Convert to SiO2.
- This SiO 2 can increase the surface hardness of the metal substrate. Further, by forming a SiO 2 layer with a solution containing an inorganic polysilazane, it is possible to improve the heat resistance of the metal substrate.
- perhydropolysilazane can be suitably used as the inorganic polysilazane.
- the inorganic polysilazane it is preferable to use one having a number average molecular weight of, for example, about 500 to 2500.
- the inorganic polysilazane-containing solution a solution in which inorganic polysilazane is dissolved may be used.
- the solvent for example, an organic solvent such as dibutyl ether, xylene, or toluene can be used. It is preferable that the density
- the inorganic polysilazane-containing solution preferably further contains a catalyst for promoting the conversion of the inorganic polysilazane to SiO 2.
- a catalyst for promoting the conversion of the inorganic polysilazane to SiO 2 For example, by adding a palladium catalyst, the SiO 2 layer is formed at a relatively low temperature. Therefore, the SiO 2 layer can be formed within the heat resistant temperature of the metal plate.
- An inorganic polysilazane-containing solution can be obtained from, for example, AZ Electronic Materials. Moreover, you may use, after concentrating the obtained solution.
- the heating after applying the inorganic polysilazane-containing solution may be performed in the air.
- the inorganic polysilazane is reacted with oxygen and moisture in the atmosphere to form a film (SiO 2 layer) mainly composed of SiO 2.
- the film mainly composed of SiO 2 is caused by Si—H bond and NH bond when the FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer) spectrum of the film before and after heating is measured. It can be confirmed from the fact that the peak intensity decreases or disappears, and the peak due to the Si—O bond is generated or the peak intensity is increased.
- the SiO 2 layer may contain, for example, some Si—N bonds and N—H bonds.
- the air atmosphere may contain water vapor.
- SiO 2 By heating in a steam coexisting atmosphere, the above-described formation of SiO 2 is promoted.
- the conditions for heating in the atmosphere are not particularly limited as long as the solvent contained in the solution can be volatilized when the above-described catalyst is used in combination.
- the heating temperature for promptly performing the silica conversion is preferably, for example, 200 ° C. or higher.
- the heating time is preferably 30 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more.
- the surface of the SiO 2 layer may be polished under known conditions to smooth the surface.
- a hybrid polymer of an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid polymer) is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the hybrid polymer is a polymer in which an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer are combined in a block manner, and the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer are uniformly dispersed at the nano level.
- the hybrid polymer may be obtained by hydrolyzing and co-condensing alkoxysilane to an alkoxysilyl group-containing organic polymer.
- an alkoxysilyl group-containing organic polymer represented by —Si (OR) 3 (wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms) is added to R n Si (OR) 4-n (where R is A hybrid polymer obtained by hydrolysis and cocondensation of an alkoxysilane represented by the following formula is preferred: a lower alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or 2.
- the film thickness of each film is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less, and the total film thickness of the plurality of films is 5 ⁇ m or more. If the film thickness per layer is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, defects such as pinholes may occur in the film, and the withstand voltage (insulation resistance) may not be ensured. Further, if the total film thickness of the plurality of layers is less than 5 ⁇ m, the withstand voltage of the metal substrate is less than 0.1 kV, and it may not be possible to ensure the withstand voltage (insulation resistance).
- the substrate type solar cell may have any known structure as long as it is provided with the metal substrate according to the present invention.
- the substrate type solar cell basically has a back electrode, photoelectric layer on the film of the metal substrate according to the present invention.
- the conversion layer and the transparent electrode are stacked in this order.
- the photoelectric conversion layer is a layer that generates current by absorbing light that has passed through the transparent electrode, and the back electrode and the transparent electrode are both for taking out the current generated in the photoelectric conversion layer, Both are made of a conductive material.
- the transparent electrode on the light incident side needs to have translucency.
- the material similar to a well-known substrate type thin film solar cell can be used.
- the back electrode is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal such as Mo, Cr, W, or a combination of these metals can be used.
- the back electrode may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure such as a two-layer structure.
- the thickness of the back electrode is not particularly limited, but the thickness is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.45 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the configuration of the photoelectric conversion layer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, at least one compound semiconductor having a chalcopyrite structure.
- the photoelectric conversion layer may be at least one compound semiconductor composed of a group Ib element, a group IIIb element, and a group VIb element.
- the photoelectric conversion layer is composed of at least one type Ib element selected from the group consisting of Cu and Ag, and a group consisting of Al, Ga, and In. It is preferably at least one compound semiconductor composed of at least one selected group IIIb element and at least one group VIb element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te.
- the transparent electrode is made of, for example, ZnO to which Al, B, Ga, Sb or the like is added, ITO (indium-tin oxide), SnO 2 or a combination thereof.
- the transparent electrode may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure such as a two-layer structure.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the substrate type thin film solar cell can be produced by a known method, for example, the substrate type thin film solar cell can be produced by the following production method.
- a back electrode is formed on a metal substrate according to the present invention by a conventionally known method such as sputtering, vacuum deposition, thermal CVD, or wet coating.
- a photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the back electrode by a conventionally known method such as sputtering, vacuum deposition, thermal CVD, or wet coating.
- a transparent electrode is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer by a conventionally known method such as a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, a thermal CVD method, or a wet coating method.
- a buffer layer between a photoelectric converting layer and a transparent electrode in order to protect a photoelectric converting layer at the time of formation of a transparent electrode, you may provide a buffer layer between a photoelectric converting layer and a transparent electrode. Moreover, you may provide a sealing material on a transparent electrode.
- the metal substrate according to the present invention is also applicable to a top emission type organic EL element.
- a top emission type organic EL element may have any known structure as long as it is provided with the metal substrate according to the present invention.
- the top emission type organic EL element is basically formed on the film of the metal substrate according to the present invention.
- the electrode, the organic layer, and the transparent conductive film are laminated in this order.
- the material similar to a well-known substrate type thin film solar cell can be used.
- a non-transparent metal plate can be used as the substrate.
- the electrode may be, for example, an indium-tin oxide (ITO), indium-zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide, ultrathin metal such as Au, conductive polymer, conductive organic material, dopant (donor or An acceptor) -containing organic layer, a mixture of a conductor and a conductive organic material (including a polymer), or a laminate of these is used as the material.
- ITO indium-tin oxide
- IZO indium-zinc oxide
- tin oxide ultrathin metal such as Au
- conductive polymer conductive organic material
- dopant (donor or An acceptor) -containing organic layer a mixture of a conductor and a conductive organic material (including a polymer), or a laminate of these is used as the material.
- the electrodes can be formed using these materials by vapor phase growth methods such as sputtering and ion plating.
- the organic light-emitting layer is, for example, anthracene, naphthalene, pyrene, tetracene, coronene, perylene, phthaloperylene, naphthaloperylene, diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenylbutadiene, coumarin, oxadiazole, bisbenzoxazoline, bisstyryl, cyclopentadiene, quinoline Metal complex, tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum complex, tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum complex, tris (5-phenyl-8-quinolinato) aluminum complex, aminoquinoline metal complex, benzoquinoline metal complex , Tri- (p-terphenyl-4-yl) amine, pyran, quinacridone, rubrene, and derivatives thereof, or 1-aryl-2,5-di (2-thienyl) pyrrole derivatives, disty Rubenzen derivatives, styryl arylene
- phosphorescent materials for example, luminescent materials such as Ir complexes, Os complexes, Pt complexes, and europium complexes, or compounds having these in the molecule or Molecules are also used.
- the organic layer can be formed by a conventionally known method such as sputtering or vacuum deposition.
- the organic layer may include a hole injection layer, a hole import layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like in addition to the organic light emitting layer.
- the transparent conductive film a material composed of a single layer of Al, silver, or the like, or a layered structure obtained by combining Al, silver, or the like with another electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include alkali metal and Al laminates, alkali metal and silver laminates, alkali metal halides and Al laminates, alkali metal oxides and Al laminates, alkaline earth metals and rare earths.
- a laminated body of metal and Al, alloys of these metal species and other metals, and the like can be given. Specifically, for example, sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, lithium, magnesium, etc.
- the transparent conductive film can be formed by a conventionally known method such as sputtering or vacuum deposition.
- a spherical electrode having an outer diameter of 20 mm is applied to one surface of the test material at a load of 500 g in accordance with JIS standard C2110-1.
- a dielectric breakdown test apparatus was used to apply a DC voltage in the thickness direction at a constant speed at which dielectric breakdown occurred in about 20 to 40 seconds, and the voltage when dielectric breakdown occurred was measured. The voltage measurement was performed 5 times, and the average value was taken as the withstand voltage.
- ⁇ Average surface roughness Ra> Using the atomic force microscope (AFM) (SPI3800N manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.), the surface roughness at any three locations in an area of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m was measured for the specimen obtained by the manufacturing method described later. The average value was measured as the average surface roughness Ra.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- Example 1-1 As a test material, an electrogalvanized steel plate (thickness 0.8 mm) was used as a metal plate, and paint 1-1 was applied to the surface of the metal plate with a bar coater to a thickness of 24.0 ⁇ m. Baking and drying were performed for 2 minutes so that the plate temperature (PMT) was 220 ° C., and a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained.
- PMT plate temperature
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-2 A metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that in Example 1-1, the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 14.1 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-1 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 11.3 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-1 a single layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 35.2 ⁇ m and that the coating 1-2 was used instead of the coating 1-1. A metal substrate laminated with a film was obtained.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-5 a metal substrate having a single layer film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that paint 1-3 was used instead of paint 1-1.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-1 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 42.2 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-1 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 5.6 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-1 a metal substrate having a single layer film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that paint 1-4 was used instead of paint 1-1.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-6 As a test material, an electrogalvanized metal plate (plate thickness 0.8 mm, galvanized coating amount 20 g / m 2 on each surface on both sides of the metal plate) as a metal plate, as an inner layer film, on the surface of the metal plate, The paint 1-1 was applied with a bar coater so as to have a film thickness of 28.2 ⁇ m, and baked and dried for 2 minutes so that the ultimate plate temperature (PMT) was 220 ° C.
- PMT ultimate plate temperature
- paint 1-1 was applied to the surface of the inner coating film (the surface of the inner coating film on the side not in contact with the metal plate) with a bar coater so as to have a film thickness of 28.2 ⁇ m. It was baked and dried for 2 minutes such that the temperature (Peak Metal Temperature: PMT) was 220 ° C. to obtain a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated.
- PMT Peak Metal Temperature
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1--7 a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-6, except that the inner layer film and the outer layer film were each applied to a film thickness of 1.9 ⁇ m. .
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-6 a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated was obtained in the same manner as Example 1-6, except that the inner layer film and the outer layer film were each applied to a thickness of 1.4 ⁇ m. .
- Table 2 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-8 As a test material, electrogalvanized steel plate (thickness 0.8 mm) was used as a metal plate, and paint 1-5 was formed on the surface of the metal plate using an electrostatic coating machine (Optiflex manufactured by Landsburg Industry). It was electrostatically coated to a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and baked and dried for 20 minutes so that the ultimate plate temperature (PMT) was 150 ° C., thereby obtaining a metal substrate on which one layer of film was laminated.
- PMT ultimate plate temperature
- Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-8 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-8, except that electrostatic coating was performed so that the film thickness was 30 ⁇ m.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-8 a metal substrate having a single layer of film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-8, except that electrostatic coating was performed so that the film thickness was 50 ⁇ m.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-11 As a test material, an electrogalvanized metal plate (plate thickness 0.8 mm, galvanized coating amount 20 g / m 2 on each surface on both sides of the metal plate) as a metal plate, as an inner layer film, on the surface of the metal plate, Using an electrostatic coating machine (Landsburg Industry Optiflex), paint 1-5 is electrostatically coated to a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m so that the ultimate plate temperature (PMT) is 150 ° C. Baking and drying for 20 minutes.
- PMT ultimate plate temperature
- paint 1-5 is coated on the surface of the inner layer film (the surface of the inner layer film that is not in contact with the metal plate) with an electrostatic coating machine (Optiflex manufactured by Landsburg Industries) as the outer layer coating film. It was electrostatically coated to 25 ⁇ m, and baked and dried for 20 minutes so that the ultimate plate temperature (PMT) was 150 ° C., to obtain a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated.
- an electrostatic coating machine Optiflex manufactured by Landsburg Industries
- Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 1-12 In Example 1-11, two layers of films were laminated in the same manner as in Example 1-11 except that electrostatic coating was performed so that the inner layer film thickness was 35 ⁇ m and the outer layer film thickness was 35 ⁇ m. A metal substrate was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- paint 2-2 was prepared in the same manner as the paint 2-1, except that 62.5 parts by mass of the polyester resin in terms of solid content and 37.5 parts by mass of the melamine resin in terms of solid content were added. Obtained.
- a paint 2-3 was obtained in the same manner as the paint 2-1, except that 75 parts by mass of the polyester resin in terms of solid content and 25 parts by mass of the melamine resin in terms of solid content were added.
- paint 2-7 was prepared in the same manner as paint 2-6, except that 67 parts by mass of organic / inorganic hybrid coating material was added in terms of solids and 33 parts by mass of titanium oxide in terms of solids. Obtained.
- Example 2-1 As a test material, an electrogalvanized steel plate (plate thickness 0.8 mm) was used as a metal plate, and paint 2-1 was applied to the surface of the metal plate with a bar coater to a film thickness of 24.0 ⁇ m. Baking and drying were performed for 2 minutes so that the plate temperature (PMT) was 220 ° C., and a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained.
- PMT plate temperature
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-2 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 22.5 ⁇ m.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-3 a metal substrate having a single layer of film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 14.1 ⁇ m.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-4 In Example 2-1, a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 11.3 ⁇ m.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-5 a metal substrate having a single layer film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that paint 2-2 was used instead of paint 2-1.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-1 a metal substrate having a single layer of film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the coating was applied so that the film thickness was 5.6 ⁇ m.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-1 a metal substrate on which one layer of the film was laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the film thickness was 42.2 ⁇ m.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-3 a metal substrate having a single layer laminated film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that paint 2-3 was used instead of paint 2-1.
- Table 4 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-6 As a test material, an electrogalvanized metal plate (plate thickness 0.8 mm, galvanized coating amount 20 g / m 2 on each surface on both sides of the metal plate) as a metal plate, as an inner layer film, on the surface of the metal plate,
- the paint 2-1 was applied with a bar coater to a film thickness of 28.2 ⁇ m, and baked and dried for 2 minutes so that the ultimate plate temperature (PMT) was 220 ° C.
- paint 2-1 was applied to the surface of the inner coating film (the surface of the inner coating film on the side not in contact with the metal plate) with a bar coater so as to have a film thickness of 28.2 ⁇ m. It was baked and dried for 2 minutes such that the temperature (Peak Metal Temperature: PMT) was 220 ° C. to obtain a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated.
- PMT Peak Metal Temperature
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2--7 a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-6, except that the inner layer film and the outer layer film were each applied to a thickness of 5.6 ⁇ m. .
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-8 In Example 2-6, a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated was obtained in the same manner as Example 2-6, except that the inner layer film and the outer layer film were each applied to a thickness of 2.8 ⁇ m. .
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-9 As a test material, an electrogalvanized metal plate (plate thickness 0.8 mm, galvanized coating amount 20 g / m 2 on each surface on both sides of the metal plate) as a metal plate, as an inner layer film, on the surface of the metal plate,
- the paint 2-1 was applied with a bar coater so as to have a film thickness of 11.3 ⁇ m, and baked and dried at 220 ° C. for 2 minutes at a final plate temperature (PMT).
- paint 2-4 was applied to the surface of the inner coating film (the surface of the inner coating film on the side not in contact with the metal plate) with a bar coater so as to have a film thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the temperature (Peak Metal Temperature: PMT) was baked and dried at 220 ° C. for 2 minutes to obtain a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-10 In Example 2-9, a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated in the same manner as in Example 2-9, except that paint 2-5 was used instead of paint 2-4 when preparing the outer layer paint film Got.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-11 a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated in the same manner as in Example 2-9, except that paint 2-6 was used instead of paint 2-4 when the outer layer coat was prepared. Got.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-4 A metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2-6, except that the inner layer film and the outer layer film were each applied to a thickness of 2.1 ⁇ m.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- Example 2-9 a metal substrate on which two layers of films were laminated in the same manner as in Example 2-9, except that paint 2-7 was used instead of paint 2-4 when the outer layer coat was prepared. Got.
- Table 5 shows the physical properties and evaluation results of the obtained laminate.
- the surface of the film is smoothed and the film becomes an insulating metal substrate, which can be used for a substrate type thin film solar cell or a top emission type organic EL element. Become.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の金属基板は、金属板の少なくとも一方の面に皮膜が積層されたものである。以下、単に「金属基板」と記載した場合、本発明の全ての金属基板(第1・第2・第3の金属基板)を指すものとする。
本発明の金属基板に用いる金属板は、冷延鋼板、溶融純亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI)、または合金化溶融Zn-Feめっき鋼板(GA)、合金化溶融Zn-5%Alめっき鋼板(GF)、電気純亜鉛めっき鋼板(EG)、電気Zn-Niめっき鋼板、アルミニウム板、チタン板、ガルバリウム鋼板等であり、ノンクロメートのものが好ましいが、クロメート処理あるいは無処理のものも使用可能である。金属板の厚みは特に限定されないが、0.3~2.0mm程度のものを適宜使用することができる。
本発明において、熱硬化性樹脂が含まれている皮膜形成用組成物を用いて、金属板に皮膜を積層する。皮膜形成組成物には、熱硬化性樹脂と硬化剤とが配合されているのが好ましい。なお、皮膜形成用組成物には、後述のとおり、顔料が含まれていてもよい。
皮膜を1層のみ積層した金属基板を作製する場合と複数層積層した金属基板を作製する場合で作製可能な膜厚の範囲は異なる。また、後述のプレコート法で作製した場合とポストコート法で作製した場合でも作製可能な膜厚の範囲は異なる。
(プレコート法で皮膜を1層のみ積層した金属基板を作製する場合)
皮膜の膜厚は10μm以上40μm以下である。膜厚が10μm未満であると、金属基板の耐電圧が0.1kV未満となってしまい、耐電圧(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。また、膜厚が40μmを超えると、皮膜が平滑になるように金属板上に積層することが困難となる、すなわち、皮膜の表面粗さRaが30nmを超えるおそれがある。
皮膜の膜厚は10μm以上40μm以下でもよく、40μm超120μm以下でもよい。膜厚が10μm未満であると、金属基板の耐電圧が0.1kV未満となってしまい、耐電圧(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。また、膜厚が120μmを超えると、皮膜が平滑になるように金属板上に積層することが困難となる、すなわち、皮膜の表面粗さRaが30nmを超えるおそれがある。
複数層の各皮膜の膜厚は0.1μm以上40μm以下であり、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計は3μm以上である。複数層の各皮膜の膜厚は1μm以上であることが好ましい。1層当たりの膜厚が0.1μm未満であると、皮膜にピンホール等の欠陥が生じるおそれがあり、耐電圧(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。また、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計が3μm未満であると、金属基板の耐電圧が0.1kV未満となってしまい、耐電圧性(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。一方、1層当たりの膜厚が40μmを超えると、皮膜が平滑になるように積層することが困難となる、すなわち、金属板から最も離れた皮膜の表面粗さRaが30nmを超えるおそれがある。複数層積層する場合には、好ましくは2層以上、4層以下の積層であり、より好ましくは2層のみの積層である。
複数層の各皮膜の膜厚は0.1μm以上40μm以下であり、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計は3μm以上40μm以下でもよく、40μm超120μm以下でもよい。複数層の各皮膜の膜厚は1μm以上であることが好ましい。1層当たりの膜厚が0.1μm未満であると、皮膜にピンホール等の欠陥が生じるおそれがあり、耐電圧(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。また、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計が3μm未満であると、金属基板の耐電圧が0.1kV未満となってしまい、耐電圧性(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。一方、1層当たりの膜厚が40μmを超えると、皮膜が平滑になるように金属板上に積層することが困難となる、すなわち、皮膜の表面粗さRaが30nmを超えるおそれがある。複数層積層する場合には、好ましくは2層以上、4層以下の積層であり、より好ましくは2層のみの積層である。
金属板に皮膜が1層のみ積層された場合における皮膜は表面が平滑である必要がある。また、複数層積層された場合における金属板から最も離れた皮膜(以下、皮膜を1層のみ積層した場合における皮膜と複数層積層された場合における金属板から最も離れた皮膜のいずれの皮膜も最表層という。)も表面が平滑である必要がある。具体的には、最表層の表面粗さRaが30nm以下であり、好ましくは最表層の表面粗さRaが10nm以下である。最表層の表面粗さRaが30nmを超えると、最表層表面の凹凸が原因となって、電極間のショートによる絶縁不良を招くおそれがある。最表層の表面粗さRaについては、後述の測定方法により測定することができる。
なお、ほこりやゴミ等の粒子が付着することによって生じた表面の凹凸については、ほこりやゴミ等の粒子は30nm程度より遙かに大きいため、研磨等の平滑化によって容易に除去できる。そのため、ほこりやゴミ等の粒子による凹凸は、絶縁不良につながるおそれは極めて低い。
皮膜表面を平滑にする、具体的には最表層の表面粗さRaを30nm以下にするためには、皮膜形成用組成物には固体顔料を含有しないのが好ましい。但し、皮膜を着色する必要があり、皮膜に顔料を含有させなければならない場合は、皮膜形成用組成物中の固体顔料の体積分率を20%以下とするのが好ましい。固体顔料の粒径は通常30nmよりもかなり大きいため、皮膜形成用組成物中の固体顔料の体積分率が20%を超えると、最表層の表面粗さRaを30nm以下とするのが困難になる。
耐電圧は後述の方法で測定されており、0.1kV以上が必要である。好ましくは0.3kV以上であり、さらに好ましくは1.0kV以上である。耐電圧が0.1kV未満であると、電極間のショートによる絶縁不良を招くおそれがある。
皮膜形成用組成物の塗布、乾燥方法は、特に制限されず、既知の方法を適宜採用することができる。第1の金属基板や第2の金属基板を作製する際の組成物の塗布方法としては、例えばバーコーター法、ロールコーター法、カーテンフローコーター法、スプレー法、スプレーリンガー法等によるプレコート法を挙げることができ、これらの中でも、コスト等の観点からバーコーター法、ロールコーター法、スプレーリンガー法が好ましい。また、上記以外の組成物の塗布方法として、静電塗装法、スピンコート法等によるポストコート法を用いることもでき、ポストコート法を用いた場合には、第1の金属基板や第2の金属基板のみならず、第3の金属基板も作製することができる。
耐薬品性にも優れた金属基板とするためには、第2の金属基板において、合計膜厚が5μm以上にすることが好ましく、より好ましくは皮膜形成用組成物にはさらに硬化剤が含まれており、上記皮膜形成用組成物中における上記硬化剤の上記熱硬化性樹脂に対する質量比が0.6以上1.0以下である。また、第2の金属基板において、金属板から最も離れた皮膜を形成する皮膜形成用組成物は、熱硬化性樹脂及び硬化剤に代えて、無機高分子、および/または有機高分子と無機高分子とのハイブリッド高分子を含んでもよい。
第2の金属基板では、最表層形成用組成物として、上述の熱硬化性樹脂及び硬化剤が含まれている皮膜形成用組成物に代えて、無機高分子、または有機高分子と無機高分子とのハイブリッド高分子が含まれた組成物を用いることができる。熱硬化性樹脂に対して所定量の硬化剤を含有させた場合、ベンゼン、キシレンのような溶媒に対しては有効であっても、トリフルオロ酢酸、ニトロメタン、ジクロロベンゼン、クロロベンゼンのような強力な有機溶媒に対しては、最表層が変性してしまうおそれがある。そこで、上述のような強力な有機溶媒に対しても変性に優れた最表層を形成することができるようにするために、熱硬化性樹脂が含まれている皮膜形成用組成物に代えて、無機高分子、および/または有機高分子と無機高分子とのハイブリッド高分子が含まれた組成物を用いることが好ましく、有機高分子と無機高分子とのハイブリッド高分子が含まれた組成物を用いることがより好ましい。
金属板の表面に皮膜を複数層積層する場合、各皮膜の膜厚は0.1μm以上40μm以下であり、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計は5μm以上である。1層当たりの膜厚が0.1μm未満であると、皮膜にピンホール等の欠陥が生じるおそれがあり、耐電圧(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。また、複数層の皮膜の膜厚の合計が5μm未満であると、金属基板の耐電圧が0.1kV未満となってしまい、耐電圧性(絶縁耐性)を確保できないおそれがある。
本発明に係る金属基板を備えたサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池について説明する。サブストレート型太陽電池は、本発明に係る金属基板を備えたものであれば、公知のいずれの構造でもよく、例えば、基本的には本発明に係る金属基板の皮膜上に、裏面電極、光電変換層、透明電極がこの順で積層された構造である。光電変換層は、透明電極を通過して到達した光を吸収して電流が発生する層であり、裏面電極および透明電極は、いずれも光電変換層で発生した電流を取り出すためのものであり、いずれも導電性材料からなる。光入射側の透明電極は透光性を有する必要がある。裏面電極、光電変換層、透明電極については、公知のサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池と同様の材料を用いることができる。
本発明に係る金属基板は、トップエミッション型有機EL素子にも適用可能である。このようなトップエミッション型有機EL素子は、本発明に係る金属基板を備えたものであれば、公知のいずれの構造でもよく、例えば、基本的には本発明に係る金属基板の皮膜の上に、電極、有機層、透明導電膜がこの順に積層されたものである。電極、有機層、透明導電膜については、公知のサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池と同様の材料を用いることができる。トップエミッション型有機EL素子では、光は透明導電性膜を透過して(基板を透過することなく)取り出されるため、基板として透明でない金属板を用いることができる。
後述の作製方法で寸法50mm×50mm×0.8mmの供試材を作製した後、JIS規格C2110-1に準拠して、供試材の一方の面に外径20mmの球形電極を荷重500gで接触させた状態で、絶縁破壊試験装置を用いて、20~40秒程度で絶縁破壊が起こるような一定速度で厚み方向に直流電圧を印加し、絶縁破壊を生じたときの電圧を測定した。上記電圧測定を5回行い、その平均値を耐電圧とした。
後述の作製方法で得られた供試材について、原子間力顕微鏡(Atomic Force Microscope、AFM)(セイコー電子工業製SPI3800N)を用いて、10μm×10μmのエリアの任意の3箇所の表面粗さを測定し、その平均値を平均表面粗さRaとした。
後述の作製方法で得られた供試材をキシレンに24時間浸漬し、浸漬後における表面粗さRa及び耐電圧の、浸漬前における表面粗さRa及び耐電圧との変化率を求めた。なお、浸漬後における表面粗さRa及び耐電圧は、上述の浸漬前の各測定方法と同様に測定した。
キシレン(沸点:140℃)とシクロヘキサノン(沸点:156℃)とを等量ずつ混合した溶媒に、ポリエステル樹脂(東洋紡社製バイロン(登録商標)300)を固形分換算で75質量部、メラミン樹脂(DIC社製スーパーベッカミン(登録商標)J-820-60)を固形分換算で25質量部加えて、塗料1-1を得た。ポリエステル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との合計の固形分が58質量%となるようにキシレンとシクロヘキサノンとの混合溶媒の量を調整した。
塗料1-1において、キシレンとシクロヘキサノンとを等量ずつ混合した溶媒に代えて、芳香族炭化水素系溶媒(エクソンモービル社製ソルベッソ(登録商標)150(沸点:183℃))を用いた点以外は、塗料1-1と同様にして塗料1-2を得た。
キシレンとシクロヘキサノンとを等量ずつ混合した溶媒に、ポリエステル樹脂(東洋紡社製バイロン(登録商標)300)を固形分換算で75質量部、メラミン樹脂(DIC社製スーパーベッカミン(登録商標)J-820-60)を固形分換算で25質量部、酸化チタン(テイカ社製TITANIX(登録商標)JR-301(粒径0.30μm))を50質量部加えて、塗料1-3を得た。ポリエステル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、及び酸化チタンの合計の固形分が63質量%となるようにキシレンとシクロヘキサノンとの混合溶媒の量を調整した。
塗料1-3において、酸化チタンを100質量部加えた点、ポリエステル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、及び酸化チタンの合計の固形分が67質量%となるように調整した点以外は、塗料1-3と同様にして塗料1-4を得た。
酢酸ブチル(沸点:126℃)と1-ブタノール(沸点:117℃)とを等量ずつ混合した溶媒に、金属素材用アクリル樹脂焼付上塗クリヤー(エーエスペイント社製サグラン(登録商標)7000クリヤーを加えて、塗料1-5を得た。アクリル樹脂焼付上塗クリヤーの固形分が25質量%となるように混合溶媒の量を調整した。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(板厚0.8mm)を金属板として、金属板の表面に、バーコーターにて塗料1-1を膜厚24.0μmとなるように塗布し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が220℃となるように2分間焼付け・乾燥させ、1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、皮膜の膜厚が14.1μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、皮膜の膜厚が11.3μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、皮膜の膜厚が35.2μmとなるように塗布する点、塗料1-1に代えて塗料1-2を用いる点以外は、実施例1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、塗料1-1に代えて塗料1-3を用いる点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、皮膜の膜厚が42.2μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、皮膜の膜厚が5.6μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-1において、塗料1-1に代えて塗料1-4を用いる点以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき金属板(板厚0.8mm、金属板両面における各面当たりの亜鉛めっき付着量20g/m2)を金属板として、内層皮膜として、金属板の表面に、バーコーターにて塗料1-1を膜厚28.2μmとなるように塗布し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が220℃となるように2分間焼付け・乾燥させた。
実施例1-6において、内層皮膜及び外層皮膜が各々膜厚1.9μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-6と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-6において、内層皮膜及び外層皮膜が各々膜厚1.4μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例1-6と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(板厚0.8mm)を金属板として、金属板の表面に、静電塗装機(ランズバーグ・インダストリー社製オプティフレックス)にて塗料1-5を膜厚10μmとなるように静電塗装し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が150℃となるように20分間焼付け・乾燥させ、1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-8において、皮膜の膜厚が30μmとなるように静電塗装する点以外は、実施例1-8と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例1-8において、皮膜の膜厚が50μmとなるように静電塗装する点以外は、実施例1-8と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき金属板(板厚0.8mm、金属板両面における各面当たりの亜鉛めっき付着量20g/m2)を金属板として、内層皮膜として、金属板の表面に、静電塗装機(ランズバーグ・インダストリー社製オプティフレックス)にて塗料1-5を膜厚25μmとなるように静電塗装し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が150℃となるように20分間焼付け・乾燥させた。
実施例1-11において、内層皮膜の膜厚が35μm、外層皮膜の膜厚が35μmとなるように静電塗装する点以外は、実施例1-11と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
キシレン(沸点:140℃)とシクロヘキサノン(沸点:156℃)とを等量ずつ混合した溶媒に、ポリエステル樹脂(東洋紡社製バイロン(登録商標)300)を固形分換算で50質量部、メラミン樹脂(DIC社製スーパーベッカミン(登録商標)J-820-60)を固形分換算で50質量部加えて、塗料2-1を得た。ポリエステル樹脂とメラミン樹脂との合計の固形分が58質量%となるようにキシレンとシクロヘキサノンとの混合溶媒の量を調整した。
塗料2-1において、ポリエステル樹脂を固形分換算で62.5質量部、メラミン樹脂を固形分換算で37.5質量部加えた点以外は、塗料2-1と同様にして塗料2-2を得た。
塗料2-1において、ポリエステル樹脂を固形分換算で75質量部、メラミン樹脂を固形分換算で25質量部加えた点以外は、塗料2-1と同様にして塗料2-3を得た。
溶媒であるシクロヘキサノンに、有機・無機ハイブリッドコーティング材(JSR社製グラスカ(登録商標)HPC7506Aを加えて、塗料2-4を得た。有機・無機ハイブリッドコーティング材の固形分が20質量%となるようにシクロヘキサノンの量を調整した。
ポリシラザンコーティング液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ社製アクアミカ(登録商標)NAX-120-20)をそのまま用いた。
溶媒であるシクロヘキサノンに、有機・無機ハイブリッドコーティング材(JSR社製グラスカ(登録商標)HPC7506Aを固形分換算で75質量部、酸化チタン(テイカ社製TITANIX(登録商標)JR-301(粒径0.30μm))を25質量部加えて、塗料2-6を得た。有機・無機ハイブリッドコーティング材及び酸化チタンの合計の固形分が50質量%となるようにシクロヘキサノンの量を調整した。
塗料2-6において、有機・無機ハイブリッドコーティング材を固形分換算で67質量部、酸化チタンを固形分換算で33質量部加えた点以外は、塗料2-6と同様にして塗料2-7を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき鋼板(板厚0.8mm)を金属板として、金属板の表面に、バーコーターにて塗料2-1を膜厚24.0μmとなるように塗布し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が220℃となるように2分間焼付け・乾燥させ、1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、皮膜の膜厚が22.5μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、皮膜の膜厚が14.1μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、皮膜の膜厚が11.3μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、塗料2-1に代えて塗料2-2を用いる点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、皮膜の膜厚が5.6μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、皮膜の膜厚が42.2μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-1において、塗料2-1に代えて塗料2-3を用いる点以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして1層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき金属板(板厚0.8mm、金属板両面における各面当たりの亜鉛めっき付着量20g/m2)を金属板として、内層皮膜として、金属板の表面に、バーコーターにて塗料2-1を膜厚28.2μmとなるように塗布し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が220℃となるように2分間焼付け・乾燥させた。
実施例2-6において、内層皮膜及び外層皮膜が各々膜厚5.6μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-6と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-6において、内層皮膜及び外層皮膜が各々膜厚2.8μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-6と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
供試材としては、電気亜鉛めっき金属板(板厚0.8mm、金属板両面における各面当たりの亜鉛めっき付着量20g/m2)を金属板として、内層皮膜として、金属板の表面に、バーコーターにて塗料2-1を膜厚11.3μmとなるように塗布し、到達板温(Peak Metal Temperature:PMT)が220℃で2分間焼付け・乾燥させた。
実施例2-9において、外層塗膜を作製する際に塗料2-4に代えて塗料2-5を用いる点以外は、実施例2-9と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-9において、外層塗膜を作製する際に塗料2-4に代えて塗料2-6を用いる点以外は、実施例2-9と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
内層皮膜及び外層皮膜が各々膜厚2.1μmとなるように塗布する点以外は、実施例2-6と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
実施例2-9において、外層塗膜を作製する際に塗料2-4に代えて塗料2-7を用いる点以外は、実施例2-9と同様にして2層の皮膜を積層した金属基板を得た。
Claims (11)
- サブストレート型薄膜太陽電池又はトップエミッション型有機EL素子に用いられる金属基板であって、
金属板の表面に、1層又は複数層積層された皮膜が形成されており、上記皮膜の表面粗さRaが30nm以下であり、
上記皮膜は、熱硬化性樹脂が含まれており、固体顔料の体積分率が20%以下である皮膜形成用組成物を焼き付けして得られる
ことを特徴とする金属基板。 - 上記金属板の表面に、膜厚が10μm以上40μm以下である皮膜が1層のみ積層されている請求項1に記載の金属基板。
- 上記皮膜形成用組成物にはさらに硬化剤が含まれており、上記皮膜形成用組成物中における上記硬化剤の上記熱硬化性樹脂に対する質量比が0.6以上1.0以下である請求項2に記載の金属基板。
- 上記金属板の表面に、膜厚が0.1μm以上40μm以下である皮膜が複数層積層されており、これらの複数層の皮膜の合計膜厚は3μm以上である請求項1に記載の金属基板。
- 上記皮膜形成用組成物にはさらに硬化剤が含まれており、上記皮膜形成用組成物中における上記硬化剤の上記熱硬化性樹脂に対する質量比が0.6以上1.0以下であり、上記複数層の皮膜の合計膜厚は5μm以上である請求項4に記載の金属基板。
- 上記金属板から最も離れた皮膜を形成する皮膜形成用組成物は、熱硬化性樹脂及び硬化剤に代えて、無機高分子、および/または有機高分子と無機高分子とのハイブリッド高分子を含む請求項5に記載の金属基板。
- 上記皮膜の合計膜厚が40μm超120μm以下である請求項1に記載の金属基板。
- 上記熱硬化性樹脂は、ポリエステル樹脂である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の金属基板。
- 上記1層のみの皮膜または上記金属板から最も離れた皮膜の表面粗さRaは10nm以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の金属基板。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の金属基板を備えたサブストレート型薄膜太陽電池。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の金属基板を備えたトップエミッション型有機EL素子。
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JP2016193512A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 金属基板 |
JP2016195162A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 金属基板 |
JP2016193580A (ja) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-11-17 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 半導体基板用塗装金属板 |
JP6793083B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-12-02 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 絶縁皮膜積層金属板及び金属基板 |
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WO2020137783A1 (ja) | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | フィルムラミネート金属板、フレキシブルデバイス用基板、及び有機elデバイス用基板 |
JP7435802B2 (ja) | 2021-03-23 | 2024-02-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | フィルムラミネート金属板およびその製造方法、ならびにフレキシブルエレクトロニクス用基板および有機el用基板 |
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