WO2014148462A1 - スケール防止方法及びスケール防止剤 - Google Patents
スケール防止方法及びスケール防止剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014148462A1 WO2014148462A1 PCT/JP2014/057246 JP2014057246W WO2014148462A1 WO 2014148462 A1 WO2014148462 A1 WO 2014148462A1 JP 2014057246 W JP2014057246 W JP 2014057246W WO 2014148462 A1 WO2014148462 A1 WO 2014148462A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- scale
- copolymer
- phosphorus
- maleic acid
- fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/02—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. maleic acid or itaconic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/162—Use of acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/168—Use of other chemical agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scale prevention method and a scale prevention agent. More specifically, the present invention relates to a scale prevention method and a scale inhibitor that suppress the formation of calcium fluoride scale in an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- the scale generated in the heat exchange section causes heat transfer inhibition
- the scale attached to the pipe causes a decrease in flow rate
- the scale attached to the film causes a decrease in flux.
- the generated scale is peeled off, it circulates in the system and causes the pump, the piping and the heat exchanging section to be blocked. Further, along with the blockage, the scaling in the pipe and the heat exchanging section is promoted.
- a similar phenomenon can occur in the reduction well of a geothermal power plant.
- scale species generated in these aqueous systems include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfite, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc phosphate, zinc hydroxide, and basic zinc carbonate.
- inorganic polyphosphoric acids such as sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate
- phosphonic acids such as aminomethylphosphonic acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid and phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid
- Copolymers are used in combination with carboxyl group-containing materials such as maleic acid, acrylic acid and itaconic acid, depending on the target water quality, if necessary, vinyl monomers having sulfonic acid groups and nonionic vinyl monomers such as acrylamide.
- the inorganic polyphosphoric acids and phosphonic acids used as scale inhibitors described above contain phosphorus, but in recent years, with the regulation of phosphorus concentration in wastewater, scale inhibitors not containing phosphorus are desired. .
- calcium carbonate scale inhibitors that do not contain phosphorus have been studied (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- a copolymer of maleic acid and allyl sulfonic acid is used as a scale inhibitor.
- a terpolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate and styrene having a mass average molecular weight of 600 to 10,000 is used as a scale inhibitor.
- polymaleic acid having a mass average molecular weight of 400 to 800 and an acrylic copolymer having a molecular weight of 800 to 9500 are used in combination.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a semiconductor manufacturing process recovery water treatment in which reverse osmosis membrane separation treatment is performed after adding sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate or a phosphonic acid compound to semiconductor manufacturing process recovery water containing fluoride ions. A method has been proposed.
- JP-A-2-75396 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-115384 JP-A-4-222297 JP 2000-202445 A
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a scale prevention method and a scale inhibitor that can suppress the formation of calcium fluoride scale without increasing the phosphorus concentration in the wastewater in an aqueous system containing fluorine. To do.
- the inventor suppresses the generation of these scales in view of the fact that fluorine is contained in the wastewater, and that the calcium fluoride scale is likely to be generated in addition to the calcium carbonate scale in the aqueous system.
- the present inventors have found that the production of calcium fluoride scale and calcium carbonate scale can be effectively suppressed by adding maleic acid / ethyl acrylate / vinyl acetate terpolymer to an aqueous system containing fluorine, The present invention has been reached.
- the present invention provides a scale prevention method in which a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- the phosphorus-free copolymer is added to the fluorine-containing aqueous system, it is possible to suppress the formation of calcium fluoride scale without increasing the phosphorus concentration in the wastewater in the aqueous system.
- said copolymer what is obtained by copolymerizing the monomer component containing 60 mol% or more of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate can be used.
- the copolymer those having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 5,000 can be used.
- this scale prevention method it is preferable to add the copolymer to the reverse osmosis membrane-treated water system containing fluorine.
- the scale prevention method of the present invention can be applied.
- the present invention also provides a scale inhibitor which is a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, which is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine, and its main component is a phosphorus-free copolymer.
- the copolymer is preferably a terpolymer (terpolymer) of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, and substantially does not contain phosphorus.
- the target aqueous system to which the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is an aqueous system containing fluorine (hereinafter also referred to as “fluorine-containing aqueous system”), but an aqueous system containing both fluorine and calcium is preferable. It is.
- the target water system include a cooling water system, a boiler water system, a membrane treatment water system, and a dust collection water system that may contain fluorine.
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure is suitably used for water to be collected collected from facilities such as factories where silicon compounds are used (for example, wastewater and collected water from semiconductor manufacturing processes, substrate manufacturing processes, etc.). .
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure is preferably used in a membrane-treated water system, more preferably in a reverse osmosis membrane-treated water system, and more preferably in a wastewater containing fluorine and calcium using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane). Used when recovering
- the copolymer used in the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure is obtained by copolymerizing monomer components containing maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate. Therefore, it can be said that this copolymer has a structural unit derived from maleic acid, a structural unit derived from ethyl acrylate, and a structural unit derived from vinyl acetate.
- the content (usage amount) of each component in the monomer component constituting this copolymer is not particularly limited, but maleic acid is preferably included in the monomer component in an amount of 60 mol% or more.
- the monomer component constituting the copolymer preferably contains 60 to 98 mol% maleic acid, 1 to 39 mol% ethyl acrylate, and 1 to 39 mol% vinyl acetate. More preferably, the monomer component constituting the copolymer contains 64-90 mol% maleic acid, 3-33 mol% ethyl acrylate, and 3-33 mol% vinyl acetate.
- each component is used in the above usage amount range, whereby a scale inhibitor capable of effectively suppressing the calcium fluoride scale is easily obtained.
- the copolymer a copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 can be preferably used. From the viewpoint of obtaining a scale inhibitor that easily suppresses the formation of scale, the copolymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 1700 to 4000, more preferably 1800 to 3000, and 1900 to 2500. Is more preferable.
- the “weight average molecular weight” is a weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography using sodium polyacrylate as a standard substance.
- the copolymer may be a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, and a terpolymer having a structural unit derived from these monomer components is preferable.
- a quaternary or higher copolymer may be used as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the production method and polymerization method of the copolymer are not particularly limited.
- the copolymer can be synthesized by a polymerization method such as solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and bulk polymerization using predetermined amounts of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate.
- a known peroxide initiator can be appropriately selected and used. Specifically, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perpenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxide and the like can be used.
- the polymerization mode in this case may be either a batch type or a continuous type
- the polymerization time can be carried out in the range of 2 to 5 hours, for example, and the polymerization temperature can be carried out in the range of 40 to 100 ° C., for example. Is possible.
- the copolymer can also be obtained by aqueous polymerization synthesized in an aqueous medium.
- aqueous polymerization for example, after adjusting an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion containing each monomer component constituting the copolymer, adjusting the pH as necessary, and substituting the atmosphere with an inert gas Heat to 50 to 100 ° C. and add a water-soluble polymerization initiator.
- water-soluble polymerization initiator examples include 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, azobis-N, N′-dimethyleneisobutylamidine dihydrochloride, and 4,4′- Use azo compounds such as azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) -2-sodium, persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and potassium persulfate, and peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium periodate. be able to.
- aqueous polymerization is not particularly limited.
- a polymer aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion can be obtained by polymerizing for 2 to 6 hours and then allowing to cool.
- the polymerization of the copolymer can be performed not only in an aqueous medium but also by solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization or the like in a general organic solvent.
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure may contain other additives as long as the object of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the other additives include slime control agents, enzymes, bactericides, colorants, fragrances, water-soluble organic solvents, and antifoaming agents.
- slime control agents include quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, chloromethyltrithiazoline, chloromethylisothiazoline, methylisothiazoline, ethylaminoisopropylaminomethylthiotriazine, hypochlorous acid, hypobromite, and A mixture of hypochlorous acid and sulfamic acid can be used.
- quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, chloromethyltrithiazoline, chloromethylisothiazoline, methylisothiazoline, ethylaminoisopropylaminomethylthiotriazine, hypochlorous acid, hypobromite, and A mixture of hypochlorous acid and sulfamic acid can be used.
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure contains a maleic acid / ethyl acrylate / vinyl acetate copolymer containing no phosphorus as an active ingredient. Therefore, the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure can suppress precipitation of calcium fluoride scale and calcium carbonate scale without increasing the phosphorus concentration in the wastewater in the fluorine-containing water system.
- the scale inhibitor of the present disclosure has an ethyl acrylate / vinyl acetate copolymer unit, thereby enhancing the dispersion effect of scale particles generated in a fluorine-containing aqueous system. And since the dispersion effect is high, it is thought that the size of the generated scale particles can be kept small. Therefore, when recovering water to be treated such as wastewater containing fluorine using an RO membrane, it is considered that blockage of the RO membrane on the membrane surface can be prevented.
- the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1700 to 4000 can more effectively suppress the precipitation of calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate. Since it is difficult to convert, it is considered suitable as a scale inhibitor in RO membrane treatment.
- the scale prevention method of this indication is adding the scale inhibitor which is a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate to the aqueous system containing a fluorine.
- the scale inhibitor which is a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate.
- the addition method of the scale inhibitor is not particularly limited, and it may be added at a place where it is desired to prevent the scale from being attached or immediately before that.
- the addition amount of the scale inhibitor is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the water quality in the aqueous system.
- the concentration of the copolymer is 0.1 to 10 mg / L from the viewpoint of preventing clogging of the membrane surface such as the RO membrane.
- scale inhibitor in addition to adding the copolymer to the fluorine-containing aqueous system, another scale inhibitor may be added as necessary.
- another method for adding the scale inhibitor it may be added to the above copolymer, or may be added separately.
- scale inhibitors used in combination with the scale inhibitor according to the present disclosure include, for example, polymaleic acid, poly (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid / (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, maleic acid / isobutylene copolymer, Maleic acid / sulfonic acid copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid / sulfonic acid copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid / nonionic group-containing monomer copolymer, and acrylic acid / sulfonic acid / nonionic group-containing monomer ternary copolymer Examples include coalescence. In the present disclosure, “(meth) acryl” means that both acrylic and methacrylic are included.
- Examples of the “sulfonic acid” in the copolymer that can be used as the other scale inhibitor include vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, isoprene sulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid, and 2-acrylamide.
- Examples include 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 4-sulfobutyl methacrylate, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, and metal salts thereof.
- examples thereof include mono (meth) acrylate of ethylene / propylene oxide and monovinyl ether ethylene / propylene oxide having 1 to 30 addition moles.
- the scale inhibitor mainly composed of the above-described phosphorus-free copolymer is added to the fluorine-containing water system, the phosphorus concentration in the wastewater in the fluorine-containing water system is increased. It is possible to suppress precipitation of calcium fluoride scale and calcium carbonate scale.
- the scale inhibitor used can have an ethyl acrylate / vinyl acetate copolymer structural unit, thereby enhancing the dispersion effect of scale particles generated in a fluorine-containing aqueous system. It is done. And since the dispersion effect is high, it becomes possible to keep the size of the generated scale particles small, and it is possible to prevent clogging on the membrane surface such as the RO membrane used when recovering the wastewater in the fluorine-containing water system. It will be possible.
- the scale prevention method according to the present disclosure is such that the copolymer used as a scale inhibitor has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1700 to 4000 (preferably 1800 to 3000) and is difficult to gel. It is suitably used in treated water systems.
- the scale prevention method includes a control unit including a CPU and the like of a device (for example, a personal computer) for managing processing of the target water system, and a recording medium (nonvolatile memory (USB memory, etc.), HDD, CD. Etc.) can be stored as a program in a hardware resource including the above and realized by the control unit.
- a control unit including a CPU and the like of a device (for example, a personal computer) for managing processing of the target water system, and a recording medium (nonvolatile memory (USB memory, etc.), HDD, CD. Etc.) can be stored as a program in a hardware resource including the above and realized by the control unit.
- the water quality condition and operation condition of the water system are not particularly limited.
- the scale prevention method and scale prevention agent according to the present disclosure can also have the following configurations.
- [1] A scale prevention method in which a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- [2] The scale prevention method according to [1], wherein the phosphorus-free copolymer is a ternary copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate.
- a scale inhibitor which is a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, which is added to an aqueous system containing fluorine.
- the above [7] or [8], wherein the phosphorus-free copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing a monomer component containing maleic acid 60 mol% or more, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate.
- the phosphorus-free copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing a monomer component containing maleic acid 60 to 98 mol%, ethyl acrylate 1 to 39 mol%, and vinyl acetate 1 to 39 mol%.
- the scale inhibitor according to any one of the above [7] to [9].
- the scale inhibitor according to any one of the above [7] to [10], wherein the phosphorus-free copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 5000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the phosphorus-free copolymer is preferably 1700 to 4000, more preferably 1800 to 3000, and still more preferably 1900 to 2500.
- a scale prevention system comprising a controller for controlling the aqueous system so as to add a phosphorus-free copolymer of maleic acid, ethyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate to the aqueous system containing fluorine.
- ⁇ Calcium fluoride precipitation inhibition test 500 ml of ultrapure water was put into a 500 ml conical beaker, and 500 mg CaCO 3 / L of calcium chloride, 1 mg / L of the scale inhibitor used in each of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 described later, After adding 50 mg F / L of sodium fluoride, the pH was adjusted to 7 with a small amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous sulfuric acid, and after sealing, the mixture was stirred in a thermostatic bath at 30 ° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter, the calcium hardness of the filtrate was quantified by an EDTA method using a filter paper having a pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m. Water quality conditions in this test were calcium hardness 500 mg / L, fluorine concentration 50 mg / L, and pH 7.
- the calcium hardness of the filtrate was quantified by an EDTA method using a filter paper having a pore diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the water quality conditions in this test were calcium hardness 500 mg / L, fluorine concentration 50 mg / L, M alkalinity 500 mg / L, and pH 8.5.
- the calcium hardness of the filtrate was 490 mg / L in both the “calcium fluoride precipitation inhibition test” and the “precipitation inhibition test when calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate were simultaneously formed”. Thus, it was confirmed that the initial calcium hardness could be maintained. Therefore, by adding the scale inhibitors of Examples 1 to 3 to an aqueous system containing fluorine and calcium, it is possible to suppress the formation of calcium fluoride scale and calcium carbonate scale. Therefore, when the wastewater containing fluorine and calcium is collected using the RO membrane, it is possible to effectively prevent the calcium fluoride scale and the calcium carbonate scale from adhering to the RO membrane.
- the calcium hardness of the filtrate is smaller than 490 mg / L in the “deposition suppression test when calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate are simultaneously formed”, and calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate are simultaneously precipitated. In some cases, it was confirmed that precipitation of those scales could not be suppressed.
- a maleic acid / ethyl acrylate / vinyl acetate terpolymer having a molecular weight of 500 to 5000 containing maleic acid in an amount of 60 mol% or more can suppress the formation of calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate scales. Therefore, for example, when wastewater containing fluorine and calcium is collected using an RO membrane, it is possible to effectively suppress the calcium fluoride scale and calcium carbonate scale from adhering to the RO membrane.
- the RO membrane can be operated stably.
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Abstract
Description
また、カルシウム系スケールに対するスケール防止剤としては、一般的に、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム及びトリポリリン酸ナトリウム等の無機ポリリン酸類、アミノメチルホスホン酸、ヒドロキシエチリデンジホスホン酸及びホスホノブタントリカルボン酸等のホスホン酸類、並びに、マレイン酸、アクリル酸及びイタコン酸等のカルボキシル基含有素材に必要に応じてスルホン酸基を有するビニルモノマーやアクリルアミド等のノニオン性ビニルモノマーを対象水質に応じて組み合わせたコポリマーが、使用されている。
例えば、特許文献1に記載の方法では、スケール防止剤として、マレイン酸とアリルスルホン酸の共重合体を使用している。また、特許文献2に記載の処理方法では、マレイン酸とエチルアクリレートとスチレンの三元共重合体で、質量平均分子量が600~10000のものを、スケール防止剤として使用している。さらに、特許文献3に記載の水系処理用組成物では、質量平均分子量が400~800のポリマレイン酸と、分子量が800~9500のアクリル系コポリマーとを、組み合わせて使用している。
また、前述のとおり、排水のリン濃度の規制に伴い、リンを含まないスケール防止剤が望まれている。
本発明では、リン非含有共重合体をフッ素含有の水系に添加するため、当該水系における排水中のリン濃度を増加させることなく、フッ化カルシウムスケールの生成を抑制することが可能となる。
前記共重合体としては、マレイン酸60mol%以上と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られるものを用いることができる。また、前記共重合体としては、重量平均分子量が500~5000の範囲にあるものを用いることができる。
このスケール防止方法では、フッ素を含む逆浸透膜処理水系に、前記共重合体を添加することが好ましい。例えば、フッ素及びカルシウムを含む排水を、逆浸透膜を用いて回収する場合に、本発明のスケール防止方法を適用することができる。
まず、本開示に係るスケール防止剤について説明する。
本開示のスケール防止剤は、フッ素を含む水系に添加されるものであり、その主成分は、リン非含有の共重合体である。そして、この共重合体は、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのターポリマー(三元共重合体)が好適であり、実質的にリンを含有しないものである。
この共重合体を構成する単量体成分中の各成分の含有量(使用量)は、特に限定されないが、マレイン酸は単量体成分中に60mol%以上含むことが好ましい。
また、上記共重合体を構成する単量体成分は、マレイン酸64~90mol%と、エチルアクリレート3~33mol%と、酢酸ビニル3~33mol%とを含むことがより好ましい。
上記共重合体を合成する際に、各成分が上記使用量範囲にて使用されることで、フッ化カルシウムスケールを効果的に抑制することが可能なスケール防止剤が得易くなる。
なお、本開示において、「重量平均分子量」は、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムを標準物質として用い、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィにより測定した重量平均分子量である。
この共重合体の重合に用いる開始剤としては、公知の過酸化物開始剤を適宜選択して使用することができる。具体的には、ジベンゾイルペルオキシド、第三ブチルペルペンゾエート、ジクミルペルオキシド、第三ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、及び第三ブチルペルオキシド等を使用することができる。この場合の重合形式は、回分式及び連続式の何れでもよく、重合時間は、例えば2~5時間の範囲で行うことが可能であり、重合温度は例えば40~100℃の範囲で行うことが可能である。
スライムコントロール剤としては、例えば、アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウムクロライド等の四級アンモニウム塩、クロルメチルトリチアゾリン、クロルメチルイソチアゾリン、メチルイソチアゾリン、エチルアミノイソプロピルアミノメチルチオトリアジン、次亜塩素酸、次亜臭素酸、及び次亜塩素酸とスルファミン酸の混合物等を使用することができる。
次に、本開示に係るスケール防止方法について説明する。
本開示のスケール防止方法は、フッ素を含む水系に、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体であるスケール防止剤を添加することである。このスケール防止剤をフッ素含有水系に添加することで、当該フッ素含有水系において生成するおそれのあるフッ化カルシウムスケール及び炭酸カルシウムスケールの発生を抑制することが可能となる。なお、本開示のスケール防止方法で用いられるリン非含有共重合体は、本開示に係るスケール防止剤の説明で上述したとおりのものである。
例えば、本開示のスケール防止剤を上記共重合体の濃度が0.01~100mg/Lとなるように添加することが好ましい。RO膜を用いてフッ素を含む排水を回収する場合等のRO膜処理水系においては、RO膜等の膜面の閉塞防止の観点から、上記共重合体の濃度が0.1~10mg/Lとなるように、本開示に係るスケール防止剤を添加することがより好ましい。
[1] フッ素を含む水系に、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体を添加するスケール防止方法。
[2] 前記リン非含有共重合体が、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとの三元共重合体である上記[1]に記載のスケール防止方法。
[3] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、マレイン酸60mol%以上と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られる上記[1]又は[2]に記載のスケール防止方法。
[4] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、マレイン酸60~98mol%と、エチルアクリレート1~39mol%と、酢酸ビニル1~39mol%とを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られる上記[1]~[3]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止方法。
[5] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、重量平均分子量が、500~5000である上記[1]~[4]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止方法。ここで、前記リン非含有共重合体の重量平均分子量は、好ましくは1700~4000、より好ましくは1800~3000、さらに好ましくは1900~2500である。
[6] フッ素を含む逆浸透膜処理水系に、前記リン非含有共重合体を添加する上記[1]~[5]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止方法。
[7] フッ素を含む水系に添加される、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体であるスケール防止剤。
[8] 前記リン非含有共重合体が、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとの三元共重合体である上記[7]に記載のスケール防止剤。
[9] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、マレイン酸60mol%以上と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られるものである上記[7]又は[8]に記載のスケール防止剤。
[10] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、マレイン酸60~98mol%と、エチルアクリレート1~39mol%と、酢酸ビニル1~39mol%とを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られるものである上記[7]~[9]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止剤。
[11] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、重量平均分子量が、500~5000である上記[7]~[10]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止剤。ここで、リン非含有共重合体の重量平均分子量は、好ましくは1700~4000、より好ましくは1800~3000、さらに好ましくは1900~2500である。
[12] 前記リン非含有共重合体は、フッ素を含む逆浸透膜処理水系に添加されるものである上記[7]~[11]の何れか1つに記載のスケール防止剤。
[13] フッ素を含む水系に、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体を添加するように前記水系を制御する制御部を備えるスケール防止システム。
500mlのコニカルビーカーに超純水を500ml入れ、そこに、塩化カルシウムを500mgCaCO3/L、後述する実施例1~3及び比較例1~5の各例で用いたスケール防止剤を1mg/L、並びにフッ化ナトリウムを50mgF/L加えた後、少量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と硫酸水溶液でpHを7に調製して、密栓後、30℃の恒温槽中で3時間撹拌した。その後、孔径0.1μmの濾紙を用いて、EDTA法により、濾液のカルシウム硬度を定量した。
この試験における水質条件は、カルシウム硬度500mg/L、フッ素濃度50mg/L、及びpH7であった。
500mlのコニカルビーカーに超純水を500ml入れ、そこに、塩化カルシウムを500mgCaCO3/L、後述する実施例1~3及び比較例1~5の各例で用いたスケール防止剤を2mg/L、フッ化ナトリウムを50mgF/L、並びに炭酸水素ナトリウムを500mgCaCO3/L加えた後、少量の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と硫酸水溶液でpHを8.5に調製して、密栓後、30℃の恒温槽中で3時間撹拌した。その後、孔径0.1μmの濾紙を用いて、EDTA法により、濾液のカルシウム硬度を定量した。
この試験における水質条件は、カルシウム硬度500mg/L、フッ素濃度50mg/L、Mアルカリ度は500mg/L、及びpH8.5であった。
なお、「フッ化カルシウム析出抑制試験」の結果は、表中の「フッ化カルシウム」の欄に示し、「フッ化カルシウム及び炭酸カルシウムの同時生成時の析出抑制試験」の結果は、表中の「フッ化カルシウム+炭酸カルシウム」の欄に示す。
また、表1及び表2において、MAはマレイン酸、EAはエチルアクリレート、VAは酢酸ビニル、AAはアクリル酸、SAはスルホン酸、SHMPはヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、HEDPはヒドロキシエチリデンホスホン酸(1-ヒドロキシエチリデン-1,1-ジホスホン酸)を示す。
よって、実施例1~3のスケール防止剤をフッ素及びカルシウムを含む水系に添加することで、フッ化カルシウムスケール及び炭酸カルシウムスケールの生成を抑制することが可能となる。よって、フッ素及びカルシウムを含む排水を、RO膜を用いて回収する場合に、RO膜へのフッ化カルシウムスケール及び炭酸カルシウムスケールの付着を効果的に防止することが可能となる。
Claims (5)
- フッ素を含む水系に、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体を添加するスケール防止方法。
- 前記共重合体は、マレイン酸60mol%以上と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとを含む単量体成分を共重合して得られる請求項1記載のスケール防止方法。
- 前記共重合体は、重量平均分子量が500~5000である請求項1又は2記載のスケール防止方法。
- フッ素を含む逆浸透膜処理水系に、前記共重合体を添加する請求項1~3の何れか1項記載のスケール防止方法。
- フッ素を含む水系に添加される、マレイン酸と、エチルアクリレートと、酢酸ビニルとのリン非含有共重合体であるスケール防止剤。
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JP6057002B1 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-01-11 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 逆浸透膜用スケール防止剤及び逆浸透膜処理方法 |
CN107720986A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-23 | 南京巨鲨显示科技有限公司 | 一种碱性硬水软化剂 |
CN108295664B (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-12-20 | 净沃(厦门)环保科技有限公司 | 反渗透膜用阻垢剂及其制备方法 |
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CN111517489A (zh) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-08-11 | 大唐长春第二热电有限责任公司 | 一种膜法中水回用阻垢剂及其制备方法 |
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