WO2014142035A1 - 水または海水との摩擦抵抗の小さい防汚塗膜 - Google Patents
水または海水との摩擦抵抗の小さい防汚塗膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014142035A1 WO2014142035A1 PCT/JP2014/056016 JP2014056016W WO2014142035A1 WO 2014142035 A1 WO2014142035 A1 WO 2014142035A1 JP 2014056016 W JP2014056016 W JP 2014056016W WO 2014142035 A1 WO2014142035 A1 WO 2014142035A1
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- antifouling
- coating film
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- seawater
- frictional resistance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D105/00—Coating compositions based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09D101/00 or C09D103/00
- C09D105/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1656—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the film-forming substance
- C09D5/1662—Synthetic film-forming substance
- C09D5/1668—Vinyl-type polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antifouling coating film having a small frictional resistance with water or seawater, and more particularly to an antifouling coating film for ships or the like that reduces the frictional resistance with seawater and does not adhere to aquatic organisms.
- the main role of the antifouling paint is to prevent algae and shellfish from adhering to help smooth navigation of ships, maintain high cooling efficiency for a long time in the case of waterways that introduce seawater such as power plants, etc.
- clogging of the nets is prevented, and adhesion of marine organisms is performed to increase the service life of the underwater structure.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 Such coating compositions that reduce friction with seawater are disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1 to 4. These patent documents disclose a resin composition for paint using an acrylic resin and an acrylic resin having a polyoxyethylene chain as a binder in the paint.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for reducing frictional resistance, a technique for blending inorganic particles into an antifouling paint composition (Patent Document 1), a technique for blending composite particles of an organic polymer substance (Patent Document 2), and a hydrophilic surface.
- Patent Documents 3 to 4 There are provided methods for improving the viscosity (Patent Documents 3 to 4) and methods such as adding a polysaccharide binder, but none of these methods is sufficient as a method for reducing friction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an underwater friction-reducing coating film that can reduce frictional resistance with seawater in places where friction with seawater occurs, such as ships, waterways, and fishing nets. To do.
- the present invention is an antifouling coating film comprising an antifouling agent in a coating film composed of a polymer hydrogel, wherein the antifouling coating film has a swelling degree of 10 to 80% and a Young's modulus of 500 to An antifouling coating film having a low frictional resistance with water or seawater, characterized by having 30,000 N / cm 2 .
- the antifouling agent is preferably cuprous oxide particles having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the polymer hydrogel is preferably a chitosan polymer, a polyether ester polymer, or a vinyl polymer.
- the polymer hydrogel is also preferably a copolymer of a hydrophilic vinyl monomer and a monomer having a glycidyl group, and the crosslinking agent is preferably a triazine compound.
- the present invention also provides an object to which the above antifouling coating film is applied.
- the present invention further includes 1 to 50% by weight of the hydrophilic vinyl polymer, 0 to 40% by weight of the antifouling agent, 20 to 70% by weight of the solvent and the crosslinking agent and other additives (% by weight is based on the total amount of the antifouling coating composition). ), Wherein the cured antifouling coating film has a degree of swelling of 10 to 80% and a Young's modulus of 500 to 30,000 N / cm 2 .
- An antifouling paint composition that reduces frictional resistance is provided.
- the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention can move freely in water and seawater, so it is unlikely to become a foothold for attachment of aquatic organisms (also referred to as “poor scaffold” for aquatic organisms).
- the repellent triazine in the molecular skeleton of the gel inhibits the attachment of aquatic organisms.
- adhesion of marine organisms can be extremely effectively prevented by including an antifouling agent in the polymer hydrogel membrane.
- the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention since the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention has poor hydrolyzability, the film is difficult to collapse. If an antifouling agent is optionally included, they are retained within the three-dimensional cross-linked structure within the membrane and are optionally ionically fixed and cannot be released into water unless the membrane is disrupted. . Therefore, the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention not only extends the useful life of the membrane itself but also prevents seawater contamination. In the present invention, the Young's modulus of the antifouling coating film is also defined. If the Young's modulus is not within a predetermined range, it is difficult to prevent long-term water resistance and adhesion of aquatic organisms.
- the contact resistance-reducing film of the present invention is suitable for shellfish, coelenterate, tubulochaete, etc. on the surface of the object to be coated for at least 1 year, particularly at least 2-4 years.
- the adhesion of marine organisms can be effectively prevented.
- the antifouling coating film of the present invention has a water swelling degree (water content) of 10 to 80% and a Young's modulus of 500 to 30,000 N / cm 2 .
- the antifouling coating binder of the present invention comprises a polymer hydrogel.
- the polymer hydrogel resin has three-dimensionally crosslinked polymer molecules with high hydrophilicity.
- hydrophilic hydrogels include chitosan gels made from natural polymers, methyl cellulose gels, hydrophilic polyether polyols, polyether ester polymers based on polyether polyols, and the like. Used as a binder alone or in combination with a vinyl polymer. However, a hydrophilic vinyl polymer synthesized using a vinyl monomer that is easy to synthesize and easy to handle as a raw material is preferred.
- Chitosan polymer Chitosan polymer is used alone or in combination with a vinyl polymer as a binder for the antifouling coating of the present invention.
- the chitosan polymer can be easily obtained by dissolving a commercially available chitosan powder in an aqueous solution of an organic acid such as citric acid and then neutralizing with an alkali.
- the polyether ester polymer is used alone or in combination with a vinyl polymer as a binder for the antifouling coating of the present invention.
- the polyether ester polymer can be easily obtained by transesterification with a bifunctional carboxylic acid ester with a polyether polymer or the like.
- Hydrophilic vinyl polymers synthesized from hydrophilic vinyl monomers as raw materials examples include cationic vinyl monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, allylamine, N- Methylallylamine, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N-hydroxy (meth) acrylamide and vinylpyridine, vinylimidazole, vinylpyrrolidone, etc .; anionic vinyl monomers such as (Meth) acrylic acid and its salts, fumaric acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, aconitic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, ⁇ -undecenoic acid and these Salts, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl benzyl
- Examples of other monomers copolymerized with the hydrophilic vinyl monomer include N-alkyl substituted (meth) acrylamides; for example, (meth) acrylamide, (meth) N-acrylol-Lalanine, (meth) aminopropyl acrylamide, (meta ) N-aminopropylacrylamide, (meth) N-isopropylacrylamide, t-butyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, (Meth) isobutylacrylamide, (meth) diacetone acrylamide, etc .; (meth) acrylic acid ester; for example, (meth) methyl acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid n -Butyl, (meth)
- a hydrophilic vinyl polymer is prepared from the monomer species, and a three-dimensional structure is formed inside by the action of a crosslinking agent during coating.
- a repellent compound particularly a triazine compound, is suitable as a cross-linking agent. For this reason, a triazine skeleton is coordinated to the cross-linking point of the formed three-dimensional structure, and the structure is difficult for marine organisms to adhere.
- triazine compounds examples include: 6- (4- (aminomethyl) piperidin-1-yl) -N 2 , N 4 -diisopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 6- (4- (aminomethyl) piperidin-1-yl) -N 2 , N 4 -bis (2-methoxyethyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 6- (4- (aminomethyl) ) piperidin-1-yl) -N 2, N 4 - bis (3- (methylthio) propyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, N 2 - (2-aminoethyl) -N 4 N 6 -diisopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, N 2 , N 4 -bis (2- (1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl) -N 6- (2-(
- the polymer hydrogel may be used by mixing with another acrylic resin having a different curing system.
- a resin is a polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group introduced therein, and is dried at room temperature in the presence of a curable catalyst called a dryer.
- a silicone resin SiR
- moisture curable methylsiloxane rubber generally name “RTV silicone rubber”
- RTV silicone rubber moisture curable methylsiloxane rubber
- the polymer hydrogel of the present invention When the polymer hydrogel of the present invention is immersed in water or seawater, the water or seawater penetrates into the three-dimensional crosslinked structure. As a result, the hydrogel membrane of the present invention in which water or seawater is included in the three-dimensional crosslinked structure (that is, swollen with water or seawater) is obtained.
- the antifouling coating film of the present invention may contain an antifouling agent in the three-dimensional crosslinked structure of the polymer hydrogel.
- antifouling agents organic and inorganic.
- inorganic for example, cuprous oxide
- organic antifouling agents may be used in combination.
- the organic antifouling agent suitably used in the present invention may be a known one, and is selected from, for example, nitrile, pyridine, haloalkylthio, organic iodo, thiazole and benzimidazole antibacterial agents. Two or more species may be included. Specific examples of preferable antibacterial agents are listed below.
- Nitrile antibacterial agents Nitrile antibacterial agents; haloisophthalonitrile compounds (for example, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 5-chloro-2,4,6-trifluorophthalonitrile) and haloaryl nitrile compounds
- halogenated pyridine derivatives for example, haloalkylthio-2-
- haloalkylthio antibacterial agents haloalkylthiophthalimide compounds (for example, N-fluorodichloromethylthiophthalimide, N-trichloromethylthiophthalimide), haloalkylthiotetrahydrophthalimide compounds (for example, N-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio) Tetrahydrophthalimide, N-trichloromethylthiotetrahydrophthalimide), haloalkylthiosulfamide compounds (eg, N-trichlorothio-N- (phenyl) methylsulfamide, N-trichloromethylthio-N- (4-chlorophenyl) methylsulfami N- (1-fluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio) -N- (phenyl) methylsulfamide, N- (1,1-difluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethy
- (E) thiazole antibacterial agent; inch azoline-3-one compound for example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2- (n-octyl) -4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -Isothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl luo 4-isothiazolin-3-one, benzthiazole compounds (eg 2- (4-thiocyanomethylthio) Benzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole sodium, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole zinc), and isothiazoline-3-one compounds.
- inch azoline-3-one compound for example, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 2- (n-octyl) -4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4 -Isothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothi
- benzimidazole antibacterial agent benzimidazole carbamic acid compound (for example, methyl 1-H-2-benzimidazole carbamate, methyl butylcarbamoyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate, 6-benzoyl-1H-2-benzimidazole) Methyl carbamate), sulfur-containing benzimidazole compounds (eg, 1H-2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzimidazole, 1-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2-cyano-3-bromo-6-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole), cyclic benzimidazole Compound derivatives (eg 2- (4-thiazolyl) -1H-benzimidazole, 2- (2-chlorophenyl) 1H-benzimidazole, 2- (1- (3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) -1H-benzimidazole, 2 -(Frill) -1H- Lens imidazole), benzimidazole carb
- the metal-containing antifouling agent examples include, for example, cuprous oxide, rhodan copper, copper naphthenate, copper stearate, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, Bis (dimethyldithiocarbamic acid) zinc, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) zinc, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) manganese, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) copper.
- cuprous oxide cuprous oxide, rhodan copper, copper naphthenate, copper stearate, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, Bis (dimethyldithiocarbamic acid) zinc, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) zinc, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) manganese, ethylene-bis- (dithiocarbamic acid) copper.
- cuprous oxide rhodan copper, copper naphthenate, copper stearate
- zinc oxide titanium oxide
- the inventors of the present invention studied in more detail about antifouling agents, particularly cuprous oxide, and reduced the blending amount by reducing the particle size of cuprous oxide and increasing the surface area. If the blending amount of cuprous oxide is reduced, the strength of the coating film is inferior and long-term water resistance in seawater cannot be ensured. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the strength of the binder resin, and by using the above-mentioned triazine compound instead of the aliphatic alkyl amine compound conventionally used as a crosslinking agent for the binder resin, the strength is insufficient due to reduction of cuprous oxide. In addition to covering, long-term antifouling properties were secured.
- cuprous oxide dissolves in seawater to produce copper ions.
- cuprous oxide dissolves very little in seawater. For this reason, in order to ensure antifouling property, a large amount of cuprous oxide is blended.
- cuprous oxide particle size is reduced and the surface area is increased, antifouling properties can be obtained even with a small amount of cuprous oxide.
- Cuprous oxide generally has a particle size (3 ⁇ m) reduced to about 0.5 ⁇ m (surface area increased 36 times), and the antifouling property can be ensured even if the blending amount is reduced to 1/10.
- the use of fine particles for ship bottom paint is expensive due to the difficulty of manufacturing, and the antifouling effect is questionable when combined with hydrolyzable resins, and handling is difficult, so it is considered in the industry's common sense It was not.
- Cuprous oxide therefore has an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the amount of cuprous oxide used is usually about half that of the constituents of the coating film, so the amount of resin binder must be 50% or less. However, by using fine cuprous oxide (about 0.5 ⁇ m), the amount of the resin can be increased to 90% by mass or more, and the degree of swelling (water content) can be greatly increased. The inventors have also found that with the same weight of cuprous oxide, the swelling degree is increased by 10% or more by making the cuprous oxide fine particles.
- a part of the antifouling agent may be ionically bonded in the three-dimensional crosslinked structure of the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention.
- the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention may further contain various additives such as a solvent, a plasticizer, a color pigment, an extender pigment, and an elution aid.
- the solvent suitably used in the present invention may be water or an organic water-soluble solvent.
- solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and ethylene glycol diethyl ether
- the following ethers are preferably used: dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and the like.
- Plasticizers include phthalic acids such as dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate, aliphatic dibasic acid esters such as diisobutyl adipate and dibutyl sebacate, glycol esters such as diethylene glycol dibenzoate and pentaerythritol alkyl ester, Examples include phosphoric acid ester systems such as tricresyl phosphoric acid and trichloroethyl phosphoric acid, and epoxy systems such as epoxidized soybean oil and octyl epoxy stearate.
- phthalic acids such as dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate
- aliphatic dibasic acid esters such as diisobutyl adipate and dibutyl sebacate
- glycol esters such as diethylene glycol dibenzoate and pentaerythritol alkyl
- coloring pigment titanium oxide, zircon oxide, carbon black, bengara, phthalocyanine green, quinacridone, emerald green, and phthalocyanine blue are used.
- the extender pigments include talc, clay, silica white, alumina white, titanium white, batonite, barite, precipitated barium sulfate, and the like.
- paraffin As an elution aid, paraffin or the like can be used.
- the polymer hydrogel film needs to have a swelling degree (water content) of 10 to 80% and a Young's modulus of 500 to 30,000 N / cm 2 .
- the degree of swelling (moisture content) is determined by immersing a coated plate having a polymer hydrogel film in seawater for 12 hours, pulling it up, wiping excess water on the surface with a kim towel, and immediately measuring the weight. After drying at 90 ° C. for 3 hours, the weight is measured and calculated by (weight before drying ⁇ weight after drying) / weight before drying ⁇ 100.
- the degree of swelling is preferably 10 to 80%, more preferably 15 to 60%. Below 10%, there is no effect of reducing the frictional resistance with water. If it exceeds 80%, the Young's modulus of the polymer hydrogel film is greatly reduced.
- the Young's modulus is obtained from the gradient between the tensile length and the stress applied at that time in the tensile test of the swollen coating film using Tensilon (a tensile tester).
- the Young's modulus is preferably 500 to 30,000 N / cm 2 , more preferably 1,000 to 25,000 N / cm 2 . If it is less than 500 N / cm 2 , aquatic organisms adhere. On the other hand, when it exceeds 30,000 N / cm 2 , the coating film is brittle and causes a drawback such as causing a crack of the coating film with a simple impact.
- the elongation rate is the tensile test of the swollen coating film with Tensilon, and the length before pulling (L1) and the length when the coating film is broken by pulling (L2): (L2-L1 / L1) ⁇ 100 ( %).
- the present invention also provides an object to which the polymer hydrogel film of the present invention is applied as a second aspect.
- an object to which the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention is applied is an object that comes into contact with water or seawater.
- Such objects specifically include ship (bottom) seawater inlet pipes, such as harbor facilities, offshore drilling facilities, bridges, pipelines, offshore structures such as submarine bases, and fishing nets.
- Antifouling paint Another aspect of the present invention is an antifouling paint containing a hydrophilic vinyl polymer as a main component and containing a solvent and an additive. If necessary, an antifouling agent or a crosslinking agent may be added to the antifouling paint.
- the antifouling paint of the present invention is used to form the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention.
- the hydrophilic vinyl polymer as the main component of the antifouling paint of the present invention may be blended in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 45% by weight, based on the total weight of the antifouling paint.
- the antifouling agent is further added in an amount of 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% based on the total weight of the antifouling coating composition.
- the total amount of solvent and various additives is 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 25 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the antifouling coating composition. It may be blended in an amount.
- the antifouling paint of the present invention is added to the polymer resin and mixed using a mixer such as a ball mill, a roll mill, or a sand grind mill. A composition is obtained.
- the antifouling coating composition of the present invention may be appropriately diluted with a water-soluble solvent up to the use viscosity necessary for coating.
- the antifouling paint of the present invention is applied to the surface of a ship, which is an object to be coated, and then dried at room temperature and crosslinked to form a crosslinked polymer resin coating film.
- the cross-linked polymer resin coating film is immersed in water or sea water (for example, for 0.1 to 7 days) together with the object to be coated covered with the film. During this time, water or seawater is included in the three-dimensional cross-linked structure.
- the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention in which water or seawater is included in the three-dimensional crosslinked structure (that is, swollen with water or seawater) is obtained.
- the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention is unlikely to become a foothold for attachment of aquatic organisms (also referred to as “poor scaffold” for aquatic organisms), and as a result, aquatic organisms are unlikely to attach.
- adhesion of marine organisms is extremely effectively inhibited by using a highly repellent triazine skeleton in the molecular skeleton of the polymer hydrogel film and adding an antifouling agent.
- the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention since the polymer hydrogel resin coating film of the present invention has poor hydrolyzability, the film is difficult to collapse. If an antifouling agent is optionally included, they are retained within the three-dimensional cross-linked structure within the membrane and are optionally ionically fixed and cannot be released into water unless the membrane is disrupted. . Therefore, the polymer hydrogel membrane of the present invention not only extends the useful life of the membrane situation but also prevents seawater contamination.
- the contact resistance-reducing film of the present invention can be used for a long period of time, for example, for at least 1 year, particularly for at least 2 to 5 years. It is possible to effectively prevent the attachment of marine organisms.
- Example 1 Preparation of polymer resin varnishes (AD) (Table 1)
- a stirrer, cooler, temperature controller, nitrogen inlet tube and dropping funnel 60 g of 2-propanol, 60 g of ethanol, ion exchange 30 g of water was added and stirred while introducing nitrogen.
- the monomers in the composition table shown in Table 1 were added dropwise in succession, 0.2 g of 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) was added as an initiator, and the mixture was heated by nitrogenization at 60 ° C. for 8 hours. did.
- transparent polymer resin varnishes A to E were obtained.
- Example 2 Preparation of chitosan polymer 2.63 g of chitosan powder was added to 30 g of 1% citric acid solution and dissolved with stirring at room temperature for 3 hours to obtain a viscous transparent liquid. A 2N potassium hydroxide solution was added little by little to the resulting liquid to make the pH pH 8 alkaline to obtain a white precipitate of chitosan gel. The precipitate was collected and applied uniformly on a vinyl chloride plate, and excess water on the surface of the precipitate was completely removed using a Kim towel. After measuring the weight after wiping, it was dried with a dryer (80 ° C.) for 3 hours. From the weight change before and after drying, the water content was 64%.
- Example 3 Preparation of polyether polyester polymer A 4-necked flask was charged with 37.62 g of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalate, 98.94 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 2000), 17.75 g of 1,4 butanediol and 2 ml of tetrabutoxytitanium at 10 ppm (xylene solution), and purged with nitrogen. Warm while warming. A uniform liquid was obtained at a temperature of about 160 to 200 ° C. The reaction was carried out at 220-230 ° C. for about 7 hours, and the distilled methanol was removed.
- the obtained compound (which crystallizes at room temperature) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (concentration: about 15%), applied to a vinyl chloride plate and dried to obtain a polyester film.
- the membrane was immersed in distilled water for a whole day and night, and the moisture content of the membrane was determined from the change in weight before and after immersion.
- mixed solvent 20g of 2-propanol, 20g of ethanol, 10g of water
- acrylic pigment dispersant concentration 50%
- the emulsion part was separated separately and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure.
- Example 5 Preparation of paints A-1 to E (Table 2)
- Add 100 to 172 g of resin solutions A to E, 22 to 80 g of cuprous oxide paste C, and 0.16 to 0.32 g of triazine catalyst to a 300 ml container, and stir well with a mixer. Thereafter, 6 to 20 g of a mixed solvent (ethanol / 2-propanol / water 2/2/1) was added and stirred and diluted.
- Example 6 Performance of coatings A-1 to E (Table 2) A part of the paint (A-1 to E) prepared in Example 4 was applied to a rotating drum for measuring frictional resistance, dried at room temperature for 2 hours, and then measured. On the other hand, in order to investigate the antifouling property in seawater, it was applied to a 10 ⁇ 30 cm PVC plate and immersed in seawater. Also, for physical property measurement (Young's modulus, elongation), coated on glass plate, dried for 2 hours, soaked overnight in artificial seawater to swell, and the swollen coating film was immediately cut into strips from the glass plate and Tensilon (tensile) The physical properties were measured by a tensile test using a testing machine. The Young's modulus and the elongation were measured with Tensilon (tensile tester) as described above.
- Young's modulus and the elongation were measured with Tensilon (tensile tester) as described above.
- Friction resistance was obtained by designing and manufacturing a device that required a slight resistance (torque) caused by friction with water by rotating a cylindrical rotating drum (painted around) in a bathtub. Painted on the outer circumference of a rotating drum (cylindrical; diameter: 26 cm, length: 20 cm), rotated at 300 rpm in artificial seawater at 20 ° C., and its resistance value (torque value: minimum unit: 0.001 cN ⁇ m) Obtained with a torque meter. The reduction rate (%) was compared with the resistance value of the commercially available coating film, and the reduced ratio was obtained.
- the antifouling property was immersed in seawater for 1 year, and the state of attachment of marine organisms was visually observed.
- ⁇ shows no adhesion of marine organisms and seaweed, and no deterioration of the membrane.
- ⁇ indicates that marine organisms and algae are slightly attached, and the film is somewhat deteriorated.
- ⁇ indicates that marine organisms and algae are attached and the film is significantly deteriorated.
- Comparative Example 1 A commercially available coating material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5 and subjected to friction resistance, antifouling property, and physical property tests. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 2 In the preparation of the coating material of Example 4 (B-2), a coating film was prepared in exactly the same manner except that diethylenetriamine was used instead of the triazine-based catalyst, and subjected to various tests (friction resistance, antifouling properties, physical properties). . The results are shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Example 3 In the preparation of the coating material of Example 4 (D-3), a coating film was prepared in exactly the same manner except that diethylenetriamine was used instead of the triazine-based catalyst, and subjected to various tests (friction resistance, antifouling properties, physical properties). .
- the measurement results for each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- FIG. 1 the values of the degree of swelling (%) and the frictional resistance reduction rate (%) of the antifouling coating film of the examples described in Table 2 are shown, and the degree of swelling (%) is plotted with the frictional resistance reduction rate (%) on the vertical axis. ) On the horizontal axis.
- the frictional resistance reduction rate increases in proportion to the degree of swelling of the coating film.
- the antifouling coating film of the present invention is extremely effective for coating an object to be used on or in water regardless of seawater or fresh water.
- the antifouling coating film of the present invention when applied to a ship, not only the resistance to water is reduced and fuel is saved, but also it is possible to run faster and both time and cost are reduced.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の防汚被膜のバインダーは高分子ハイドロゲルから構成される。高分子ハイドロゲル樹脂は親水性の高いポリマー分子が3次元的に架橋している。親水性のハイドロゲルは天然の高分子を原料とするキトサンゲル、メチルセルロースゲルや親水性のポリエーテルポリオール、ポリエーテルポリオールを主成分とするポリエーテルエステルポリマーなども挙げられ、これらは防汚被膜のバインダーとして単独またはビニルポリマーとの併用で用いられる。しかしながら合成が容易で取り扱いが容易なビニルモノマーを原料として合成される親水性ビニルポリマーが好適である。
キトサンポリマーは本発明の防汚被膜のバインダーとして単独またはビニルポリマーとの併用で用いられる。キトサンポリマーは市販のキトサン粉末をクエン酸などの有機酸の水溶液に溶解後、アルカリで中和して容易に得ることができる。
ポリエーテルエステルポリマーは本発明の防汚被膜のバインダーとして単独またはビニルポリマーとの併用で用いられる。ポリエーテルエステルポリマーは2官能のカルボン酸エステルをポリエーテルポリマーなどとのエステル交換反応で容易に得ることができる。
好適な親水性ビニルモノマーの例としては、カチオン性ビニルモノマー、例えばジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、アリルアミン、N-メチルアリルアミン、ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-ヒドロキシ(メタ)アクリルアミドおよびビニルピリジン、ビニルイミダゾール、ビニルピロリドン等;アニオン性ビニルモノマー、例えば(メタ)アクリル酸およびその塩、フマル酸、マレイン酸、シトラコン酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、アコニット酸、4-ペンテン酸、ω―ウンデセン酸およびこれらの塩、ビニルスルホン酸、ビニルベンジルスルホン酸、2-アクリルアミドー2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸、2-アクリロイルエタンスルホン酸、2-アクリロイルプロパンスルホン酸、2-メタクロイルエタンスルホン酸、およびこれらの塩、更には、リン酸基およびその塩;等が挙げられる。
本発明の防汚塗膜は、前記高分子ハイドロゲルの3次元架橋構造内に防汚剤を含有していてよい。防汚剤には、有機系と無機系の2種類があるが、本発明では無機系(例えば、亜酸化銅)または有機系の防汚剤と併用してもよい。
-1-プロペン、2,3,3-トリヨードアリルアルコール)、ヨードスルフェニルベンゼン化合物(例えば、ジヨードメチルスルホニル-4-メチルベンゼン、1-ジヨードメチルス
ルホニル-4-クロロベンゼン、
本発明の高分子ハイドロゲル樹脂塗膜は、溶剤や、可塑剤、着色顔料、体質顔料、溶出助剤などの各種添加剤をさらに含んでいてよい。
本発明は、第二態様として、本発明の高分子ハイドロゲル膜が適用された物体も提供する。本発明の目的から、本発明の高分子ハイドロゲル膜が適用された物体は水または海水と接触する物体であって、特にその表面に水棲動物が付着することにより、その機能または性能あるいは操作性などに多大な影響を受けうるものである。このような物体は具体的には船舶(船底)海水導入管、例えば港湾施設、海上掘削施設、橋梁、パイプライン、海底基地などの洋上構築物、および漁網を包含する。
本発明の別の態様は、主成分として親水性ビニルポリマーを含有し、および溶剤および添加剤を含有する防汚塗料である。必要に応じて、防汚剤や架橋剤を防汚塗料に配合してもよい。本発明の防汚塗料は、本発明の高分子ハイドロゲル樹脂塗膜を形成するのに使用される。
本発明によれば、高分子ハイドロゲル膜の分子骨格に忌避性の高いトリアジン骨格を用い、かつ防汚剤を含有させることで、海棲生物の付着が極めて有効に阻害される。
高分子樹脂ワニス(A~D)(表1)の調製
攪拌機、冷却器、温度制御装置、窒素導入管、滴下ロートを備えた500mlの4つ口フラスコに2-プロパノール60g、エタノール60g、イオン交換水30gを入れ、窒素を導入しながら撹拌した。続いて表1に示した組成表のモノマーを順次滴下、開始剤として2,2‘-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)0.2gを添加し、60℃で8時間窒素化で加温した。これにより、透明な高分子樹脂ワニスA~Eが得られた。
高分子樹脂ワニス(A~D)の調製で、硬化基を有するグリシジルモノマーの代わりに不飽和基を有するアリルメタクリレートを使用する以外は同様にして調製した。硬化触媒として有機系コバルト化合物を使用した。
キトサンポリマーの調製
2.63gのキトサン粉末を、1%のクエン酸溶液30gに加えて、室温で3時間撹拌しながら溶解し粘性のある透明な液体を得た。得られて液体に2Nの水酸化カリウム溶液を少しずつ加えてpH8のアルカリにして、キトサンゲルの白色沈殿物を得た。この沈殿物を回収し、塩ビ板上に均一に塗布、沈殿物表面の余分な水分をキムタオルを使用して完全に除去した。拭き取った後の重量を測定後、乾燥機(80℃)で3時間乾燥した。乾燥前後の重量変化から含水率は64%であった。
ポリエーテルポリエステルポリマーの調製
4つ口フラスコに2,6-ジメチルナフタレート37.62g、ポリエチレングリコール(分子量2000)98.94g、1,4ブタンジオール17.75gおよび10ppm(キシレン溶液)のテトラブトキシチタン2mlを入れ、窒素置換をしながら加温した。温度約160~200℃で均一な液体となった。反応は220~230℃で約7時間行い、留出するメタノールを除去した。得られた化合物(室温では結晶化する)をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、(濃度約15%)、塩ビ板に塗布、乾燥してポリエステル膜を得た。この膜を蒸留水に一昼夜浸漬、浸漬前後の重量変化から膜の含水率を求めたところ、45%であった。
200mlの分散容器に混合溶剤50g(2-プロパノール20g、エタノール20g、水10g)を入れ、続いてアクリル酸系顔料分散剤(濃度50%)2.4gを加えて溶解した。分散溶液に平均粒径3μまたは1μまたは0.5μの亜酸化銅50g、分散ビーズ(ジルコニウム製)50gを入れて、分散羽根を装着した分散機にかけて回転数2500rpmで20分間分散した。分散後、茶こしでビーズを除き分散ペーストを得た。
トリアジン化合物の調製(硬化剤1)
溶剤のテロラヒドロフランに塩化シアヌル18.8gを溶解した溶液(350ml)にN,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン39.7g、イソプロピルアミン15.1gを加え、室温で72時間撹拌した。反応液に水を加え、目的物を析出させた後、吸引濾過して化合物6-クロロ-N2,N4-ジイソプロピル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン22.2gを得た。この化合物をテトラヒドロフラン150mlに溶解してえられた溶液にジイソプロピルアミン31.2g、4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン27.6gを加え、室温で24時間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧化溶媒を除去した。残留物をアミノシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフイ(酢酸エチル:メタノール=3:1)で精製し、化合物6-(4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン-1-イル)-N2,N4-ジイソプロピル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン27gを得た。次いでこの化合物をエタノール27gに溶解して50%溶液を得た。硬化剤1の化学式は以下の通りである。
溶剤のテトラヒドロフランに塩化シアヌル15.0gを溶解した溶液(150ml)にN,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン21.1g、メトキシエチルアミン12.2gを加え、室温で72時間撹拌した。反応液に水を加えた後、酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去し、化合物6-クロロ-N2,N4-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミンを10.8g(収率51%)得た。この化合物 10.0gを150mlのテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン9.9g、4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン8.75gを加え、室温で72時間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=3:1トリエチルアミン2%含)で精製し、化合物6-(4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン-1-イル)-N2,N4-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン7.94g(収率61%)を得た。
溶剤のテロラヒドロフランに塩化シアヌル4.21gを溶解した溶液(50ml)にN、N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン5.9g、3-メチルチオプロピルアミン4.8gを加え、室温で4日間撹拌した。反応液に水を加え、目的物を析出させた後、吸引ろ過し、化合物6-クロロ-N2,N4-ビス(3-(メチルチオ)プロピル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン6.54g(収率89%)を得た。この化合物のテトラヒドロフラン溶液50mlにジイソプロピルエチルアミン6.57g、4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン5.8gを加え、室温で24時間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=1:1トリエチルアミン2%含)で精製し、化合物6-(4-(アミノメチル)ピペリジン―1―イル)-N2,N4-ビス(3-(メチルチオ)プロピル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミンを6.67g(収率82%)得た。
化合物6-クロロ-N2,N4-ジイソプロピル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン1.0gのテトラヒドロフラン溶液(テトラヒドロラン15ml)にジイソプロピルエチルアミン4.5g、N-アセチルエチレンジアミン2.22gを加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル)で精製し、化合物N-(2-((4,6-ビス(イソプロピルアミノ)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)アミノ)エチル)アセトアミドを1.09g(収率85%)を得た。この化合物12.4 gのエタノール(200 mL)溶液に、60%水酸化カリウム水溶液(200 mL)を加え、48時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加えクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1 トリエチルアミン3%含)で精製し、化合物N2-(2-アミノエチル)-N4、N6-ジイソプロピル-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを8.57g(収率81%)を得た。
塩化シアヌル11.5 gのテトラヒドロフラン(200 mL)溶液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン16.15g、トリプタミン20.0gを加え、室温で24時間撹拌した後、吸引ろ過し、化合物N2、N4-ビス(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル-6-クロロ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを26 g得た。この化合物13.3gのテトラフラン溶液(200 mL)に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン47.8g、N-アセチルエチレンジアミン23.7gを加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1)で精製し、化合物N-(2-((4,6-ビス((2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)アミノ)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)アミノ)エチル)アセトアミドを14.3 g(収率94%)得た。この化合物14.3 g(28.7 mmol)のエタノール(150 mL)溶液に、60%水酸化カリウム水溶液(150 mL)を加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加えクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をアミノシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1)で精製し、化合物N2,N4―ビス(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)-N6-(2-アミノエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを10.7 g(収率82%)得た。
化合物6-クロロ-N2,N4-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジアミン15.0 gのテトラヒドロフラン(150 mL)溶液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン59.45g、N-アセチルエチレンジアミン29.3 gを加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1)で精製し、化合物N-(2-((4,6-ビス((2-メトキシエチル)アミノ)1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)アミノ)エチル)アセトアミドを8.9g(収率47%)得た。この化合物8.90gのエタノール(100 mL)溶液に、60%水酸化カリウム水溶液(100 mL)を加え、72時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加えクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をアミノシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1 トリエチルアミン3%含)で精製すし、化合物N2-(2-アミノエチル)-N4、N6-ビス(2-メトキシエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを7.08 g(収率91%)得た。
塩化シアヌル1.00 gのTHF(20 mL)溶液に、氷―食塩浴で冷却下、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.68 g(8.13 mmol)を加え、トリプタミン0.90 gのTHF(5 mL)溶液を滴下した後、70分間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去し、化合物N-(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)-4,6-ジクロロ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-アミンを1.62g得た。この化合物17.0 g(55.2 mmol)のTHF(200 mL)溶液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン57.0g、N-アセチルエチレンジアミン28.2 gを加え、24時間加熱還流した後、反応液に水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。この時、エマルジョン部分は別途分取し、減圧下溶媒を留去した。有機層は飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。有機層とエマルジョン部の残留物を混ぜ、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1 トリエチルアミン2%含)で精製し、化合物N,N’-(((6-((2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)アミノ)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4-ジイル)ビス(アザンジイル))ビス(エタン-2,1-ジイル))ジアセトアミドを13.5g得た。この化合物13.5 gのエタノール(150 mL)溶液に、60%水酸化カリウム水溶液(150 mL)を加え、72時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加えクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去し、化合物N2-(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)-N4、N6-ビス(2-アミノエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを10.2 g(収率94%)得た。
化合物N-(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)-4,6-ジクロロ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-アミン14.0 gのTHF(150 mL)溶液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン23.5g、ベタスチン・メタンスルホン酸塩22.4 gを加え、室温で24時間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物を温メタノール中で撹拌し、固体成分をろ過し、化合物N2-(2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)-6-クロロ-N4-メチル-N4-(2-(ピリジン-2-イル)エチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-4,6-ジアミンを14.6g(中立79%)を得た。この化合物14.6 g(35.8mmol)のTHF(150 mL)溶液に、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン36.97g、N-アセチルエチレンジアミン18.3 gを加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加え酢酸エチルで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル:メタノール=5:1 トリエチルアミン2%含)で精製し、化合物N-(2-((4-((2-(1H-インドール-3-イル)エチル)アミノ)-6-(メチル(2-(ピリジン-2-イル)エチル)アミノ)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)アミノ)エチル)アセトアミドを13.6 g(収率80%)得た。この化合物13.6gのエタノール(150 mL)溶液に、60%水酸化カリウム水溶液(150 mL)を加え、24時間加熱還流した。反応液を濃縮した後、水を加えクロロホルムで抽出した。抽出液を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。残留物を酢酸エチルで再結晶し、化合物N2-(2-(1H-インドール3-イル)エチル)-N4-(2-アミノエチル)-N6-メチル-N6-(2-(ピリジン-2-イル)エチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-トリアミンを8.15 g(収率66%)得た。
塗料A-1~Eの作成(表2)
表2の組成表に従い、300mlの容器に樹脂溶液A~Eを100~172g、亜酸化銅ペーストCを22~80g、トリアジン系触媒を0.16~0.32gを加えてミキサーで十分に撹拌後、混合溶剤(エタノール/2-プロパノール/水=2/2/1)6~20gを加えて撹拌、希釈した。
塗膜A-1~Eの性能(表2)
実施例4で作成した塗料(A-1~E)の一部を摩擦抵抗測定用の回転ドラムに塗布して室温で2時間乾燥後、測定した。一方海水での防汚性を調べるため、10×30cmの塩ビ板に塗布して海水に浸漬した。また物性測定(ヤング率、伸び率)のため、ガラス板に塗布、2時間乾燥後、人工海水に一晩浸漬して膨潤し、膨潤塗膜をガラス板より直ちに短冊片に切り取ってテンシロン(引っ張り試験機)による引っ張り試験で物性を測定した。ヤング率と伸び率の測定は、前述した通り、テンシロン(引っ張り試験機)により測定した。
摩擦抵抗は浴槽中で円筒形回転ドラム(周囲に塗装)を回転、水との摩擦で生じる僅かな抵抗(トルク)が求められる装置を設計・製作して求めた。回転ドラム(円筒形;直径:26cm、長さ:20cm)の外囲に塗装、20℃の人工海水中、300rpmで回転してその抵抗値(トルク値:最少単位:0.001cN・m)をトルク計で求めた。低減率(%)は市販塗膜の抵抗値に比較し、低減した割合を求めた。
○は海棲生物、海藻の付着が認められず、膜の劣化も認められない。
△は海棲生物、藻類が僅かに付着し、膜の劣化が多少認められる。
×は海棲生物、藻類が付着し、膜の劣化が著しい。
市販の塗料を実施例5と同様に塗膜を作成し、摩擦抵抗、防汚性、物性試験に供した。結果を表3に示す。
実施例4の塗料の作成(B-2)において、トリアジン系触媒の代わりにジエチレントリアミンを用いる以外は全く同じ方法で塗膜を作成し、各種試験(摩擦抵抗、防汚性、物性)に供した。結果を表3に示す。
実施例4の塗料の作成(D-3)において、トリアジン系触媒の代わりにジエチレントリアミンを用いる以外は全く同じ方法で塗膜を作成し、各種試験(摩擦抵抗、防汚性、物性)に供した。各実施例、比較例についての測定結果を表2、3に示した。
テンシロン(引っ張り試験機)による膨潤塗膜の引っ張り試験で、引っ張り長さとその時にかかる応力との勾配から求められる。
テンシロンによる膨潤塗膜の引っ張り試験で、引っ張り前の長さ(L1)と引っ張りにより塗膜が破断した時の長さ(L2)とすると:(L2-L1/L1)×100(%)で表す。
Claims (6)
- 高分子ハイドロゲルから構成される塗膜中に防汚剤を含有する防汚塗膜であって、該防汚塗膜が、膨潤度10~80%およびヤング率500~30,000N/cm2を有することを特徴する水または海水との摩擦抵抗が小さい防汚塗膜。
- 前記防汚剤が平均粒径3μm以下を有する亜酸化銅粒子である請求項1記載の水または海水との摩擦抵抗の小さい防汚塗膜。
- 前記高分子ハイドロゲルがキトサンポリマー、ポリエーテルエステルポリマー、またはビニルポリマーである請求項2記載の水または海水との摩擦抵抗の小さい防汚塗膜。
- 前記高分子ハイドロゲルが、親水性ビニルモノマーおよびグリシジル基を有するモノマーの共重合体であり、かつ前記架橋剤がトリアジン系化合物である請求項3記載の水または海水との摩擦抵抗の小さい防汚塗膜。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の防汚塗膜を適用した物体。
- 親水性ビニルポリマー1~50重量%、防汚剤0~40重量%、溶剤および架橋剤その他の添加剤20~70重量%(重量%は防汚塗料組成物の全量に基づく)を含有する防汚塗料組成物であって、硬化した防汚塗膜が膨潤度10~80%およびヤング率500~30,000N/cm2を有することを特徴とする、水または海水との摩擦抵抗を低減する防汚塗料組成物。
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WO2017099180A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-11 | 2017-06-15 | 中国塗料株式会社 | 摩擦抵抗低減塗膜形成用の塗料組成物、塗膜、及び塗膜付き基材 |
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JPWO2017099180A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-10-04 | 中国塗料株式会社 | 摩擦抵抗低減塗膜形成用の塗料組成物、塗膜、及び塗膜付き基材 |
JP2017137481A (ja) * | 2016-01-11 | 2017-08-10 | 東京インキ株式会社 | 抗菌コーティング剤、抗菌性積層体、抗菌性積層体の製造方法、および抗菌性積層体を用いたフィルムまたはシート、包装容器、包装袋、蓋材 |
CN105542632A (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-04 | 华南理工大学 | 一种天然环保的抗菌防霉涂料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN107323602A (zh) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-07 | 吉林大学 | 一种三明治结构的智能水凝胶材料减阻表面 |
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CN105209562A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
JPWO2014142035A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
KR20150138237A (ko) | 2015-12-09 |
JP6464509B2 (ja) | 2019-02-06 |
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