WO2014119507A1 - 反射防止フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
反射防止フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119507A1 WO2014119507A1 PCT/JP2014/051657 JP2014051657W WO2014119507A1 WO 2014119507 A1 WO2014119507 A1 WO 2014119507A1 JP 2014051657 W JP2014051657 W JP 2014051657W WO 2014119507 A1 WO2014119507 A1 WO 2014119507A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/113—Anti-reflection coatings using inorganic layer materials only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
- B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antireflection film and a method for producing the same.
- this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the antireflection film containing a dry process and a wet process, and the antireflection film obtained by such a manufacturing method.
- an antireflection film disposed on the surface of the display screen has been widely used.
- an antireflection film for example, a multilayer film having a layer made of a medium refractive index material, a layer made of a high refractive index material, and a layer made of a low refractive index material is known. It is known that high antireflection performance (low reflectance in a wide band) can be obtained by using such a multilayer film.
- the antireflection performance of the antireflection film is generally evaluated by the luminous reflectance Y (%), and the lower the luminous reflectance, the better the antireflection performance.
- the luminous reflectance is to be lowered, there is a problem that the reflected hue tends to be colored. In particular, even when the reflected hue of incident light in the front direction can be suppressed, the reflected hue of incident light in the oblique direction is often colored.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described conventional problems.
- the object of the present invention is to have excellent reflection characteristics (low reflectivity) in a wide band and from an oblique direction as well as a front direction.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an antireflection film having no color with respect to the reflected hue of incident light.
- the antireflection film of the present invention has a base material, a medium refractive index layer, a high refractive index layer, and a low refractive index layer in this order from the base material side, and the optical design of the reflection characteristics of the antireflection film Is performed using the complex plane of the amplitude reflectance diagram at a wavelength of 580 nm, the line segment AB connecting the start point A and the end point B of the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectance diagram.
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the substrate, the medium refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer, and the low refractive index layer are designed.
- the line segment AB intersects the real axis, and the angle ⁇ between the line segment AB and the real axis is 65 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 °,
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the substrate, the medium refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer, and the low refractive index layer are designed.
- the line segment is any of the optical designs over a wavelength range of 550 nm to 700 nm.
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the substrate, the medium refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer, and the low refractive index layer are designed so that AB and the real axis intersect.
- the medium refractive index layer is a single layer.
- the high refractive index layer has a thickness of 50 nm or less.
- the middle refractive index layer has a laminated structure of another high refractive index layer and another low refractive index layer arranged in order from the substrate side.
- a polarizing plate with an antireflection film is provided. This polarizing plate with an antireflection film contains the above antireflection film.
- an image display device is provided.
- the image display device includes the antireflection film or the polarizing plate with the antireflection film.
- the start point A and the end point B of the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer are connected.
- the refractive index and / or thickness of each layer so that the line segment AB intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectivity diagram, it has excellent reflection characteristics (low reflectivity) in a wide band, and the front It is possible to realize an antireflection film that is not colored with respect to the reflected hue of incident light not only in the direction but also in the oblique direction.
- such an optical design is comprehensive, so it is not necessary to examine the thickness and / or refractive index of each layer by trial and error for each product, and it is very general and easy to optimize reflection characteristics and reflection hue. Can be done.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antireflection film by one embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antireflection film by another embodiment of this invention. It is an amplitude reflectance figure for demonstrating the concept of one optical design of a broadband antireflection film (medium refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer). It is an amplitude reflectance figure for demonstrating another optical design concept of a broadband antireflection film (medium refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB, the real number axis, and the crossing angle ⁇ in the amplitude reflectance diagram are changed, and the reflected hue with respect to incident light actually obtained from the oblique direction. is there.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB, the real number axis, and the crossing angle ⁇ in the amplitude reflectance diagram are changed, and the reflected hue with respect to incident light actually obtained from the oblique direction. is there.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB, the real number axis, and the crossing angle ⁇ in the amplitude reflectance diagram are changed, and the reflected hue with respect to incident light actually obtained from the oblique direction. is there.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB, the real number
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB, the real number axis, and the crossing angle ⁇ in the amplitude reflectance diagram are changed, and the reflected hue with respect to incident light actually obtained from the oblique direction. is there. It is a figure explaining the change of the relationship between line segment AB and a real number axis at the time of changing a design wavelength about two optical designs using an amplitude reflectance diagram.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antireflection film according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the antireflection film 100 includes a base material 10, a medium refractive index layer 20, an adhesion layer 30, a high refractive index layer 40, and a low refractive index layer 50, in order from the base material 10 side.
- the middle refractive index layer 20 is a single layer.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antireflection film according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the middle refractive index layer 20 is replaced with a laminated structure optically equivalent to the single layer shown in FIG. 1A.
- the antireflection film 101 includes a base material 10, another high refractive index layer 21, another low refractive index layer 22, a high refractive index layer 40, and a low refractive index in order from the base material 10 side. Rate layer 50.
- a laminated structure of another high refractive index layer 21 and another low refractive index layer 22 may be referred to as a middle refractive index layer.
- the adhesion layer 30 may be disposed between the base material 10 and another high refractive index layer 21 as necessary. 1A and 1B, the arrangement position of the adhesion layer 30 is not limited as long as the optical characteristics of the entire antireflection film are not impaired and the adhesion between adjacent layers is improved. Details of each layer constituting the antireflection film of the present invention will be described later.
- the line connecting the start point A and the end point B of the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer The refractive index and / or thickness of the base material 10, the medium refractive index layer 20, the high refractive index layer 40, and the low refractive index layer 50 are designed so that the minute AB intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectance diagram. . Details will be described below.
- the optical design of the broadband antireflection film can be performed using a complex plane called an amplitude reflectivity diagram (Reflectance Amplitude Diagram) as shown in FIG. 2A or 2B.
- the stacking trajectory and the reflectivity of a stack having a refractive index relationship as shown in FIG. 2A or 2B can be obtained as follows: (1) First, the negative direction of the horizontal axis (Re real axis) A spot corresponding to the reflectance ⁇ (n ⁇ 1) / (n + 1), 0 ⁇ , which is a value specific to the refractive index (n) of each layer, is spotted. Specifically, the point N S ⁇ (n S ⁇ 1) / (n S +1), 0 ⁇ of the base material layer, the point N 1 ⁇ (n of the medium refractive index layer in the present invention) of the first layer.
- four points of the third layer (low refractive index layer in the present invention) point N 3 ⁇ (n 3 ⁇ 1) / (n 3 +1), 0 ⁇ are plotted; (2) of the base layer as a start point N S of the refractive index, and, drawing a circle clockwise to the point N 1 of the refractive index of the first layer as a fulcrum.
- the size of the arc corresponds to the film thickness, and the optical film thickness ⁇ / 4 corresponds to a semicircle;
- the lamination locus is a plot of the amplitude reflectance calculated at each position from the base material of the laminate to the air interface, plotted on the complex plane, and means the reflectance at that position. Therefore, for example, a change in reflectance at each position when the stacked body shown in the upper left of FIG. 2A or FIG. The stacking trajectory progresses greatly as the light wavelength is shorter, and progresses smaller as the light wavelength is longer.
- the wavelength when the wavelength is different, the stacking trajectory changes, and the final reflectivity also differs. Therefore, it is a point of the broadband low reflection design to make this final reflectivity close to (0, 0) in as many wavelength regions as possible near the design wavelength of 580 nm.
- the reflectivity that can be actually measured is the square of the distance from (0, 0), but in design, the distance is conceptually regarded as the reflectivity and there is no problem.
- the line segment AB connecting the start point A and the end point B of the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectivity diagram,
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are designed.
- the optical design is such that AB intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectance diagram.
- an optical design is performed so that the line segment AB intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectance diagram while keeping the distance between the final point and the coordinates (0, 0) small.
- an antireflection film having no color can be obtained with respect to the reflection hue of incident light in either the front direction or the oblique direction.
- the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer is highly symmetric with respect to the real axis at the design wavelength of 580 nm, the same locus is easily obtained as a whole even at a wavelength near 580 nm, and the reflectance is kept low. Can do. As a result, the reflectance becomes low at a wide-band wavelength, and it becomes easy to maintain a neutral hue with respect to the reflected hue of incident light in an oblique direction. Furthermore, since such optical design is comprehensive, it is not necessary to examine the thickness and / or refractive index of each layer by trial and error for each product.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer can be made very thin by designing the end point A of the stacking locus of the middle refractive index layer to be located above the real axis.
- the refractive index of the medium refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer, and the low refractive index layer is different from the notation in the general description of FIG. 2A or FIG. It is represented by n M , n H and n L.
- the refractive index n S of the substrate, the refractive index n M of the medium refractive index layer, and the refractive index n H of the high refractive index layer have a relationship of n H > n M > n S.
- the antireflection film (embodiment of FIG. 1A) having the configuration of base material / medium refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer has been described above, the base material / other high refractive index layer / different The same optical design can be made for the antireflection film (embodiment of FIG. 1B) having the structure of low refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer. Specifically, the end point of the stacking locus of another low refractive index layer may be the start point A of the line segment AB.
- the line segment AB intersects the real axis, and the angle ⁇ between the line segment AB and the real axis is preferably 65 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the material 10, the medium refractive index layer 20, the high refractive index layer 40, and the low refractive index layer 50 are designed.
- the angle ⁇ is more preferably 70 ° to 90 °, and further preferably 75 ° to 90 °. By setting the angle ⁇ to such a range, an antireflection film having a more excellent reflection hue can be obtained. Similar to the above, this optical design can realize comprehensive and general optimization of reflection characteristics and hue. A specific description will be given with reference to an actual optical design. FIGS.
- FIG. 3 to 5 respectively show the relationship between the optical design with the angle ⁇ changed and the reflected hue with respect to the incident light from the oblique direction actually obtained by the design.
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 respectively show the relationship between the optical design in which the line segment AB does not intersect the real axis and the reflected hue with respect to the incident light from the oblique direction actually obtained by the design.
- the antireflection film (optical design I) designed with an angle ⁇ of 88.6 ° has a neutral and excellent reflection hue at any incident angle of 5 °, 20 °, and 40 °. Has been obtained.
- the antireflection film (Optical Design II) designed with an angle ⁇ of 68.4 ° provides a neutral and excellent reflection hue when the incident angle is 5 ° and 20 °, but when the incident angle is 40 ° Undesired coloring occurs.
- the antireflection film (optical design III) designed so that the line segment AB does not intersect the real axis is markedly colored at any incident angle. 4 and 5 clearly show the same tendency.
- the angle ⁇ means an acute angle among the angles formed by the line segment AB and the real axis.
- the line segment AB can be used in any of the optical designs over the wavelength range of 550 nm to 700 nm.
- the refractive index and / or thickness of the base material 10, the medium refractive index layer 20, the high refractive index layer 40, and the low refractive index layer 50 are designed so that the real axis intersects.
- the complex plane has different stacking trajectories at each wavelength in the visible light region, but optical design is generally performed at a wavelength of 580 nm, which is considered to have the highest visual sensitivity.
- the optical design is made so that the line segment AB and the real axis intersect at any of the stacking trajectories at each wavelength, in the same way as the design at the intersection angle of the line segment AB and the real axis at 580 nm. Even if it carries out, the antireflection film which has the outstanding reflective characteristic in each wavelength can be obtained. Therefore, an antireflection film having excellent reflection characteristics in a broad wavelength region can be obtained by performing an optical design in which the line segment AB and the real axis intersect each other over the wavelength range of 550 nm to 700 nm. Since this optical design is also comprehensive and general as described above, it is not necessary to study the thickness and / or refractive index of each layer by trial and error for each product, and it is technically very significant.
- the optical design is performed using the complex plane of the amplitude reflectance diagram, so that the thickness of the high refractive index layer is conventionally reduced. It can be made much thinner than that.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer can be 50 nm or less.
- a high refractive index layer is typically formed by sputtering of a metal oxide such as Nb 2 O 5, and it is known that such a sputtering rate is very slow. Therefore, by reducing the thickness of the high refractive index layer, the production efficiency of the entire antireflection film can be greatly improved.
- the reflection hue at normal incidence of the antireflection film is preferably 0 ⁇ a * ⁇ 15, ⁇ 20 ⁇ b * ⁇ 0, and more preferably 0 ⁇ a * ⁇ 10, ⁇ 15 ⁇ b * ⁇ 0.
- an antireflection film having an excellent reflection hue close to neutral can be obtained by optimizing the refractive index and / or thickness of each layer using the optical design described above.
- “normal incidence” means 5 ° regular reflection in measurement. Normal incidence and 5 ° specular reflection can be treated as substantially the same.
- the luminous reflectance Y of the antireflection film is preferably as low as possible, preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.7% or less, and even more preferably 0.5% or less.
- the multilayer antireflection film can achieve both a low luminous reflectance (excellent antireflection characteristic) and a reflection hue close to neutral (excellent reflection hue) with little coloring.
- the base material 10 may be comprised with arbitrary appropriate resin films, as long as the effect of this invention is acquired.
- the base material 10 may be a resin film having transparency.
- Specific examples of the resin constituting the film include polyolefin resins (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene), polyester resins (eg, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate), polyamide resins (eg, nylon-6, nylon-66).
- the substrate may be a single layer, a laminate of a plurality of resin films, or a laminate of a resin film (single layer or laminate) and the following hard coat layer.
- the substrate (substantially the composition for forming the substrate) can contain any suitable additive. Specific examples of the additive include an antistatic agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, a lubricant, a colorant, an antioxidant, and a flame retardant.
- the material which comprises a base material is known in this industry, detailed description is abbreviate
- omitted since the material which comprises a base material is known in this industry, detailed description is abbreviate
- the substrate 10 can function as a hard coat layer in one embodiment. That is, as described above, the substrate 10 may be a laminate of a resin film (single layer or laminate) and a hard coat layer described below, and the hard coat layer alone constitutes the substrate. Also good. When the substrate is composed of a laminate of a resin film and a hard coat layer, the hard coat layer can be disposed adjacent to the medium refractive index layer 20.
- the hard coat layer is a cured layer of any appropriate ionizing radiation curable resin. Examples of the ionizing rays include ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, and electron beams. Preferably, it is ultraviolet rays, and therefore the ionizing radiation curable resin is preferably an ultraviolet curable resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin examples include (meth) acrylic resins, silicone resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, amide resins, and epoxy resins.
- a representative example of the (meth) acrylic resin includes a cured product (polymer) obtained by curing a polyfunctional monomer containing a (meth) acryloyloxy group with ultraviolet rays.
- a polyfunctional monomer may be used independently and may be used in combination of multiple. Any suitable photoinitiator can be added to the polyfunctional monomer.
- the material which comprises a hard-coat layer is known in this industry, detailed description is abbreviate
- omitted since the material which comprises a hard-coat layer is known in this industry, detailed description is abbreviate
- any appropriate inorganic or organic fine particles can be dispersed in the hard coat layer.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- an uneven shape can be formed on the surface of the hard coat layer.
- a light diffusing function generally called anti-glare can be imparted.
- silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) can be suitably used from the viewpoints of refractive index, stability, heat resistance, and the like.
- the hard coat layer (substantially a composition for forming the hard coat layer) may contain any appropriate additive. Specific examples of the additive include a leveling agent, a filler, a dispersant, a plasticizer, an ultraviolet absorber, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and a thixotropic agent.
- the hard coat layer preferably has a hardness of H or higher, more preferably 3H or higher, in a pencil hardness test.
- the pencil hardness test can be measured according to JIS K5400.
- the thickness of the substrate 10 can be appropriately set according to the purpose, the configuration of the substrate, and the like.
- the thickness is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index of the base material 10 (when the base material has a laminated structure, the refractive index of the layer adjacent to the middle refractive index layer) is preferably 1.45 to 1.65, more preferably 1.50 to 1.60. With such a refractive index, the design range of the medium refractive index layer for satisfying the optical design described above can be widened.
- the medium refractive index layer 20 is a single layer, for example as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the middle refractive index layer 20 typically includes a binder resin and inorganic fine particles dispersed in the binder resin.
- the binder resin is typically an ionizing radiation curable resin, and more specifically an ultraviolet curable resin.
- the ultraviolet curable resin include radical polymerization monomers or oligomers such as (meth) acrylate resins (epoxy (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, acrylic (meth) acrylate, ether (meth) acrylate), and the like. It is done.
- the molecular weight of the monomer component (precursor) constituting the acrylate resin is preferably 200 to 700.
- Specific examples of the monomer component (precursor) constituting the (meth) acrylate resin include pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA: molecular weight 298), neopentyl glycol diacrylate (NPGDA: molecular weight 212), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA). : Molecular weight 632), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA: molecular weight 578), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA: molecular weight 296).
- An initiator may be added as necessary.
- the initiator examples include a UV radical generator (Irgacure 907, 127, 192, etc., manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and benzoyl peroxide.
- the binder resin may contain another resin component in addition to the ionizing radiation curable resin.
- Another resin component may be an ionizing radiation curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or a thermoplastic resin.
- Representative examples of other resin components include aliphatic (for example, polyolefin) resins and urethane resins. In the case of using another resin component, the type and blending amount thereof are adjusted so that the refractive index of the obtained middle refractive index layer can be satisfactorily performed for the above optical design.
- the refractive index of the binder resin is preferably 1.40 to 1.60.
- the blending amount of the binder resin is preferably 10 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the formed middle refractive index layer.
- the inorganic fine particles can be composed of, for example, a metal oxide.
- a metal oxide include zirconium oxide (zirconia) (refractive index: 2.19), aluminum oxide (refractive index: 1.56 to 2.62), and titanium oxide (refractive index: 2.49 to 2.19). 74) and silicon oxide (refractive index: 1.25 to 1.46).
- These metal oxides have a refractive index that is difficult to be expressed by organic compounds such as ionizing radiation curable resins and thermoplastic resins, as well as less light absorption, and the refractive index can be easily adjusted. As a result, it is possible to form a medium refractive index layer having a refractive index capable of satisfactorily performing the optical design by coating.
- Particularly preferred inorganic compounds are zirconium oxide and titanium oxide. This is because, since the refractive index and the dispersibility with the binder resin are appropriate, an intermediate refractive index layer having a desired refractive index and dispersion structure can be formed.
- the refractive index of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 1.60 or more, more preferably 1.70 to 2.80, and particularly preferably 2.00 to 2.80. Within such a range, an intermediate refractive index layer having a desired refractive index can be formed.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 80 nm, and still more preferably 20 nm to 70 nm.
- inorganic fine particles having an average particle size smaller than the wavelength of light no geometric optical reflection, refraction, or scattering occurs between the inorganic fine particles and the binder resin, and an optically uniform medium refractive index. A layer can be obtained.
- the inorganic fine particles preferably have good dispersibility with the binder resin.
- “good dispersibility” means that a coating solution obtained by mixing a binder resin, inorganic fine particles, and a volatile solvent (if necessary, a small amount of UV initiator) is applied, and the solvent is dried. The coating film obtained by removing is said to be transparent.
- the inorganic fine particles are surface-modified.
- the inorganic fine particles can be favorably dispersed in the binder resin. Any appropriate means can be adopted as the surface modifying means as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the surface modification is performed by applying a surface modifier to the surface of the inorganic fine particles to form a surface modifier layer.
- preferable surface modifiers include coupling agents such as silane coupling agents and titanate coupling agents, and surfactants such as fatty acid surfactants.
- inorganic fine particles can be used without surface modification.
- the blending amount of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 10 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight, and more preferably 20 parts by weight to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the formed medium refractive index layer. If the amount of the inorganic fine particles is too large, the resulting antireflection film may have insufficient mechanical properties. Moreover, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the high refractive index layer in optical design, and the productivity is often insufficient. If the amount is too small, the desired luminous reflectance may not be obtained.
- the thickness of the medium refractive index layer 20 is preferably 40 nm to 140 nm, and more preferably 50 nm to 120 nm. With such a thickness, a desired optical film thickness can be realized.
- the refractive index of the middle refractive index layer 20 is preferably 1.67 to 1.78, more preferably 1.70 to 1.78.
- the refractive index of the medium refractive index layer is 1.47 and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is 2.33.
- desired optical characteristics can be realized even with such a refractive index.
- the medium refractive index layer includes, for example, another high refractive index layer 21 and another low refractive index layer 22 in order from the substrate 10 side, as shown in FIG. 1B.
- the medium refractive index layer has, for example, another high refractive index layer 21 and another low refractive index layer 22 in order from the substrate 10 side, as shown in FIG. 1B.
- another high refractive index layer is arranged so that the end point of another low refractive index layer that has passed through another high refractive index layer is the same position as the end point of the stacking locus of the middle refractive index layer.
- the thickness and / or refractive index of another low refractive index layer can be set.
- the description of the high refractive index layer 40 in the section A-4 described later can be referred to.
- the description of the low refractive index layer 50 in the section A-5 described later can be referred to.
- the optical film thickness is the product of the refractive index and the thickness, and is expressed as a ratio to the target wavelength (here, 580 nm).
- the adhesion layer 30 is an arbitrary layer that can be provided to improve the adhesion between adjacent layers (in the embodiment of FIG. 1A, the medium refractive index layer 20 and the high refractive index layer 40).
- the adhesion layer can be made of, for example, silicon (silicon).
- the thickness of the adhesion layer is, for example, 2 nm to 5 nm. As described above, as long as the adhesion between adjacent layers is improved, the formation position of the adhesion layer is not limited to the illustrated example.
- the antireflection film can efficiently prevent light reflection due to the difference in refractive index.
- the high refractive index layer 40 may preferably be disposed adjacent to the low refractive index layer 50.
- the high refractive index layer 40 can be preferably disposed on the substrate side of the low refractive index layer 50. With such a configuration, reflection of light can be prevented very efficiently.
- the thickness of the high refractive index layer 40 is preferably 10 nm to 50 nm in one embodiment (eg, optical design I in FIG. 3 and optical design IV in FIG. 4), and another embodiment (eg, FIG. 5). In the optical design VII), it is preferably 70 nm to 120 nm.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 40 is preferably 2.00 to 2.60, more preferably 2.10 to 2.45. With such a refractive index, a desired refractive index difference from the low refractive index layer can be ensured, and light reflection can be efficiently prevented.
- the optical film thickness at a wavelength of 580 nm of the high refractive index layer 40 is preferably about ⁇ / 32 to ⁇ / 4 in one embodiment (for example, optical design I in FIG. 3 and optical design IV in FIG. 4). In another embodiment (for example, optical design VII in FIG. 5), it is preferably about ⁇ / 4 to ⁇ / 2.
- any appropriate material can be used as long as the above desired characteristics are obtained.
- Such materials typically include metal oxides and metal nitrides.
- the metal oxide include titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), indium / tin oxide (ITO), niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ), yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), and indium oxide (In 2 O 3).
- metal nitride examples include silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ).
- Niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) are preferable. This is because the refractive index is appropriate and the sputtering rate is slow, so that the effect of thinning according to the present invention becomes remarkable.
- the antireflection film can efficiently prevent reflection of light due to the difference in refractive index.
- the low refractive index layer 50 may preferably be disposed adjacent to the high refractive index layer 40.
- the low refractive index layer 50 can be preferably disposed on the side opposite to the base material side of the high refractive index layer 40. With such a configuration, reflection of light can be prevented very efficiently.
- the thickness of the low refractive index layer 50 is preferably 70 nm to 120 nm, more preferably 80 nm to 115 nm. With such a thickness, a desired optical film thickness can be realized.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 50 is preferably 1.35 to 1.55, more preferably 1.40 to 1.50. With such a refractive index, a desired refractive index difference from the high refractive index layer can be secured, and light reflection can be efficiently prevented.
- the optical film thickness of the low refractive index layer 50 at a wavelength of 580 nm is about ⁇ / 4 because it corresponds to a general low reflection layer.
- any appropriate material can be used as long as the above desired characteristics can be obtained.
- Such materials typically include metal oxides and metal fluorides.
- Specific examples of the metal oxide include silicon oxide (SiO 2 ).
- Specific examples of the metal fluoride include magnesium fluoride and silicon oxyfluoride. Magnesium fluoride and silicon oxyfluoride are preferable from the viewpoint of refractive index, and silicon oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturability, mechanical strength, moisture resistance, and the like, and silicon oxide is preferable in consideration of various characteristics comprehensively.
- the base material 10 is prepared.
- a resin film formed from a composition containing a resin as described in the above section A-1 may be used, or a commercially available resin film may be used.
- Arbitrary appropriate methods may be employ
- a base material can be formed, for example by coextrusion.
- the hard coat layer is formed on the resin film.
- Any appropriate method can be adopted as a method of forming the hard coat layer on the substrate. Specific examples include coating methods such as roll coating, die coating, air knife coating, blade coating, spin coating, reverse coating, and gravure coating, or printing methods such as gravure printing, screen printing, offset printing, and inkjet printing.
- coating methods such as roll coating, die coating, air knife coating, blade coating, spin coating, reverse coating, and gravure coating
- printing methods such as gravure printing, screen printing, offset printing, and inkjet printing.
- the middle refractive index layer 20 is formed on the base material 10 prepared as described in the section B-1.
- a medium refractive index layer forming composition (coating liquid) containing a binder resin and inorganic fine particles as described in the above section A-2-1 is applied onto a substrate.
- a solvent can be used.
- any suitable solvent that can favorably disperse the binder resin and the inorganic fine particles can be used.
- Any appropriate method can be adopted as a coating method. Specific examples of the coating method include those described in the above section B-1.
- the applied medium refractive index layer forming composition is cured.
- the medium refractive index layer 20 is formed by a wet process (application and curing).
- a laminated structure of another high-refractive index layer and another low-refractive index layer may be formed as a middle refractive index layer as described in the following sections B-4 and B-5. .
- the adhesion layer 30 is formed on the intermediate refractive index layer 20 formed as described in the section B-2, if necessary.
- the adhesion layer 30 is typically formed by a dry process.
- Specific examples of the dry process include a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method and a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method.
- Examples of the PVD method include a vacuum deposition method, a reactive deposition method, an ion beam assist method, a sputtering method, and an ion plating method.
- An example of the CVD method is a plasma CVD method. When performing an inline process, sputtering method can be used suitably.
- the adhesion layer 30 is formed by sputtering of silicon (silicon), for example. As described above, the adhesion layer is optional and may be omitted. In the case of forming an adhesion layer, the formation position is not limited to the illustrated example as long as the adhesion between adjacent layers is improved.
- the high refractive index layer 40 is formed on the intermediate refractive index layer 20 or on the adhesion layer 30 when the adhesion layer is formed.
- the high refractive index layer 40 is typically formed by a dry process.
- the high refractive index layer 40 is formed by sputtering of a metal oxide (eg, Nb 2 O 5 ) or metal nitride.
- the high refractive index layer 40 is formed by sputtering while introducing oxygen to oxidize the metal.
- film thickness control is important, but it can be handled by appropriate sputtering.
- the low refractive index layer 50 is formed on the high refractive index layer 40 formed as described in the section B-4.
- the low refractive index layer 50 is formed by a dry process, for example, by sputtering of a metal oxide (for example, SiO 2 ).
- the low refractive index layer 50 is formed by a wet process, for example, by applying a low refractive index material mainly composed of polysiloxane.
- the low refractive index layer may be formed by performing sputtering halfway for a desired film thickness and then applying the sputtering.
- an antifouling layer may be provided on the low refractive index layer as a thin film (about 1 nm to 10 nm) that does not impair the optical properties.
- the antifouling layer may be formed by a dry process or a wet process depending on the forming material.
- an antireflection film can be produced.
- the antireflection film of the present invention can be suitably used for preventing reflection of external light in image display devices such as CRTs, liquid crystal display devices, and plasma display panels.
- the antireflection film of the present invention may be used as a single optical member, or may be provided integrally with another optical member. For example, it may be attached to a polarizing plate and provided as a polarizing plate with an antireflection film.
- a polarizing plate with an antireflection film can be suitably used, for example, as a viewing side polarizing plate of a liquid crystal display device.
- the obtained antireflection film was bonded to a black acrylic plate (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., thickness 2.0 mm) via an adhesive to prepare a measurement sample.
- a spectrophotometer U4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology Corporation
- the reflectance for light was measured.
- the luminous reflectance (Y (%)) in the C light source 2-degree visual field and the hues a * and b * of the L * a * b * color system were calculated from the obtained reflectance spectrum.
- Example 1 The optical design of the reflection characteristics of the antireflection film having the structure of base material / medium refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer was performed using a complex plane of an amplitude reflectance diagram at a wavelength of 580 nm. At that time, as shown in FIG. 2, the line segment AB connecting the start point A and the end point B of the stacking locus of the high refractive index layer intersects the real axis of the amplitude reflectivity diagram so that the substrate, the medium refractive index layer The refractive index and thickness of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer were set. Specifically, an antireflection film was produced by the following procedure.
- a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film with a hard coat (refractive index: 1.53) was used as the substrate.
- a resin composition containing about 70% of the total solid content of zirconia particles (average particle size 40 nm, refractive index 2.19) (trade name “OPSTAR KZ series” manufactured by JSR) is diluted to 3% with MIBK.
- the prepared coating liquid (composition for forming a medium refractive index layer) was prepared. The coating solution is applied onto the substrate using a bar coater, dried at 60 ° C.
- Example 6 Antireflective film in which the middle refractive index layer has a laminated structure of another high refractive index layer / other low refractive index layer, that is, base material / other high refractive index layer / other low refractive index layer / high refraction
- the optical design was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 for the antireflection film having the structure of the refractive index layer / low refractive index layer. At that time, in accordance with FIG.
- the refractive index and thickness of the layer, another low refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer were set.
- an antireflection film was produced by the following procedure.
- a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film with a hard coat (refractive index: 1.53) was used as the substrate.
- another high refractive index layer (refractive index: 2.33, thickness: 14 nm) was formed on the substrate by sputtering Nb 2 O 5 .
- Examples 7 to 10 and Comparative Example 3 An antireflection film having the structure shown in Table 2 was produced. The obtained antireflection film was subjected to the evaluation of the optical characteristics. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the intersection between the line segment AB and the real axis of the amplitude reflectivity diagram and the intersection angle are determined by the medium refractive index layer (in Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 3, another high refractive index). Controlled by changing the thickness of the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer), the refractive index of each layer may be changed, and the refractive index and thickness of each layer are combined It is clear from FIG.
- Example 11 The same optical design as in Example 1 was performed at 580 nm. Furthermore, optical design was performed by changing the design wavelength to 550 nm, 650 nm, and 700 nm.
- FIG. 6 shows an amplitude reflectance diagram at each design wavelength together with the results of Example 12 described later.
- Example 12 The same optical design as in Example 2 was performed at 580 nm. Furthermore, optical design was performed by changing the design wavelength to 550 nm, 650 nm, and 700 nm.
- FIG. 6 shows the amplitude reflectance diagram at each design wavelength together with the result of Example 11.
- the crossing angle ⁇ between the line segment AB and the real number axis is 75 ° or more, the reflection hue of the incident light from the oblique direction can be remarkably improved.
- the crossing angle ⁇ at 580 nm by optimizing the crossing angle ⁇ at 580 nm, the crossing of the line segment AB and the real number axis is ensured in the broadband wavelength region, which is excellent. An antireflection film having reflection characteristics can be obtained.
- the antireflection film of the present invention can be suitably used for preventing reflection of external light in image display devices such as CRTs, liquid crystal display devices, and plasma display panels.
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Abstract
Description
1つの実施形態においては、上記線分ABと上記実数軸とが交差し、かつ、該線分ABと該実数軸とのなす角度θが65°≦θ≦90°となるようにして、上記基材、上記中屈折率層、上記高屈折率層および上記低屈折率層の屈折率および/または厚みが設計されている。
1つの実施形態においては、上記反射防止フィルムの反射特性の光学設計を上記振幅反射率図の複素平面を用いて行う際に、550nm~700nmの波長範囲にわたる光学設計のいずれにおいても、上記線分ABと上記実数軸とが交差するようにして、上記基材、上記中屈折率層、上記高屈折率層および上記低屈折率層の屈折率および/または厚みが設計されている。
1つの実施形態においては、上記中屈折率層は単一層である。1つの実施形態においては、上記高屈折率層の厚みは50nm以下である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記中屈折率層は、上記基材側から順に配置された別の高屈折率層と別の低屈折率層との積層構造を有する。
本発明の別の局面によれば、反射防止フィルム付偏光板が提供される。この反射防止フィルム付偏光板は、上記の反射防止フィルムを含む。
本発明のさらに別の局面によれば、画像表示装置が提供される。この画像表示装置は、上記の反射防止フィルムまたは上記の反射防止フィルム付偏光板を含む。
図1Aは、本発明の1つの実施形態による反射防止フィルムの概略断面図である。反射防止フィルム100は、基材10と、基材10側から順に、中屈折率層20と、必要に応じて密着層30と、高屈折率層40と、低屈折率層50とを有する。本実施形態においては、中屈折率層20は単一層である。図1Bは、本発明の別の実施形態による反射防止フィルムの概略断面図である。本実施形態においては、中屈折率層20は、図1Aに示される単一層と光学的に等価な積層構造に置き換えられている。具体的には、反射防止フィルム101は、基材10と、基材10側から順に、別の高屈折率層21と、別の低屈折率層22と、高屈折率層40と、低屈折率層50とを有する。本明細書においては、便宜上、別の高屈折率層21と別の低屈折率層22との積層構造を中屈折率層と称する場合がある。この実施形態においては、必要に応じて、基材10と別の高屈折率層21との間に密着層30が配置されてもよい。なお、図1Aおよび図1Bのいずれの実施形態においても、反射防止フィルム全体の光学特性を損なわず、かつ、隣接する層間の密着性を高める限り、密着層30の配置位置は限定されない。本発明の反射防止フィルムを構成する各層の詳細については後述する。
基材10は、本発明の効果が得られる限りにおいて、任意の適切な樹脂フィルムで構成され得る。具体的には、基材10は、透明性を有する樹脂フィルムであり得る。フィルムを構成する樹脂の具体例としては、ポリオレフィン系樹脂(例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン)、ポリエステル系樹脂(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート)、ポリアミド系樹脂(例えば、ナイロン-6、ナイロン-66)、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、エチレンビニルアルコール樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、(メタ)アクリロニトリル樹脂、セルロース系樹脂(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース、ジアセチルセルロース、セロファン)が挙げられる。基材は、単一層であってもよく、複数の樹脂フィルムの積層体であってもよく、樹脂フィルム(単一層または積層体)と下記のハードコート層との積層体であってもよい。基材(実質的には、基材を形成するための組成物)は、任意の適切な添加剤を含有し得る。添加剤の具体例としては、帯電防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、可塑剤、滑剤、着色剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤が挙げられる。なお、基材を構成する材料は当業界において周知であるので、詳細な説明は省略する。
A-2-1.単一層としての中屈折率層
1つの実施形態においては、中屈折率層20は例えば図1Aに示すような単一層である。このような実施形態においては、中屈折率層20は、代表的には、バインダー樹脂と当該バインダー樹脂中に分散した無機微粒子とを含む。バインダー樹脂は、代表的には電離線硬化型樹脂であり、より具体的には紫外線硬化型樹脂である。紫外線硬化型樹脂としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリレート樹脂(エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート、アクリル(メタ)アクリレート、エーテル(メタ)アクリレート)などのラジカル重合型モノマーもしくはオリゴマーなどが挙げられる。アクリレート樹脂を構成するモノマー成分(前駆体)の分子量は、好ましくは200~700である。(メタ)アクリレート樹脂を構成するモノマー成分(前駆体)の具体例としては、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート(PETA:分子量298)、ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート(NPGDA:分子量212)、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート(DPHA:分子量632)、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタアクリレート(DPPA:分子量578)、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(TMPTA:分子量296)が挙げられる。必要に応じて、開始剤を添加してもよい。開始剤としては、例えば、UVラジカル発生剤(チバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカル社製イルガキュア907、同127、同192など)、過酸化ベンゾイルが挙げられる。上記バインダー樹脂は、上記電離線硬化型樹脂以外に別の樹脂成分を含んでいてもよい。別の樹脂成分は、電離線硬化型樹脂であってもよく、熱硬化性樹脂であってもよく、熱可塑性樹脂であってもよい。別の樹脂成分の代表例としては、脂肪族系(例えば、ポリオレフィン)樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂が挙げられる。別の樹脂成分を用いる場合、その種類や配合量は、得られる中屈折率層の屈折率が上記の光学設計が良好に行えるよう調整される。
別の実施形態においては、中屈折率層は例えば図1Bに示すように、基材10側から順に別の高屈折率層21と別の低屈折率層22とが配置された積層構造を有する。上記のように、振幅反射率図において別の高屈折率層を経た別の低屈折率層の終点が中屈折率層の積層軌跡の終点と同じ位置となるように、別の高屈折率層および別の低屈折率層の厚みおよび/または屈折率を設定することができる。別の高屈折率層の具体的な構成材料等については、後述のA-4項における高屈折率層40の説明が参照され得る。別の低屈折率層の具体的な構成材料等については、後述のA-5項における低屈折率層50の説明が参照され得る。例えば、別の高屈折率層および別の低屈折率層の光学膜厚をそれぞれλ/8近傍で設計することにより、中屈折率層と光学的に等価な積層構造が実現され得る。なお、光学膜厚とは屈折率と厚みとの積であり、対象波長(ここでは580nm)に対する比で表される。
密着層30は、隣接する層間(図1Aの実施形態では中屈折率層20と高屈折率層40)の密着性を高めるために設けられ得る任意の層である。密着層は、例えばケイ素(シリコン)で構成され得る。密着層の厚みは、例えば2nm~5nmである。なお、上記のとおり、隣接する層間の密着性を高める限り、密着層の形成位置は図示例には限定されない。
高屈折率層40は、低屈折率層50と組み合わせて用いることにより、それぞれの屈折率の違いにより反射防止フィルムが光の反射を効率よく防止することができる。高屈折率層40は、好ましくは低屈折率層50に隣接して配置され得る。さらに、高屈折率層40は、好ましくは低屈折率層50の基材側に配置され得る。このような構成であれば、非常に効率よく光の反射を防止することができる。
低屈折率層50は、上記のとおり、高屈折率層40と組み合わせて用いることにより、それぞれの屈折率の違いにより反射防止フィルムが光の反射を効率よく防止することができる。低屈折率層50は、好ましくは高屈折率層40に隣接して配置され得る。さらに、低屈折率層50は、好ましくは高屈折率層40の基材側と反対側に配置され得る。このような構成であれば、非常に効率よく光の反射を防止することができる。
以下、本発明の反射防止フィルムの製造方法の一例を説明する。
まず、基材10を準備する。基材10は、上記A-1項に記載のような樹脂を含む組成物から形成される樹脂フィルムを用いてもよく、市販の樹脂フィルムを用いてもよい。樹脂フィルムの形成方法としては、任意の適切な方法が採用され得る。具体例としては、押出、溶液流涎法が挙げられる。樹脂フィルムの積層体を基材として用いる場合には、例えば共押出により基材を形成することができる。
次に、B-1項のように準備した基材10上に中屈折率層20を形成する。1つの実施形態においては、上記A-2-1項に記載のようなバインダー樹脂と無機微粒子とを含む中屈折率層形成用組成物(塗布液)を基材上に塗布する。塗布液の塗布性を向上させるために、溶剤を使用することができる。溶剤としては、バインダー樹脂および無機微粒子を良好に分散し得る任意の適切な溶剤を使用することができる。塗布方法としては、任意の適切な方法が採用され得る。塗布方法の具体例としては、上記B-1項に記載のようなものが挙げられる。次に、塗布した中屈折率層形成用組成物を硬化させる。上記A-2-1項に記載のようなバインダー樹脂を用いる場合には、硬化は電離線を照射することにより行われる。電離線として紫外線を用いる場合には、その積算光量は、好ましくは200mJ~400mJである。必要に応じて、電離線照射の前および/または後に加熱処理を行ってもよい。加熱温度および加熱時間は、目的等に応じて適切に設定され得る。このように、本発明の製造方法の1つの実施形態においては、中屈折率層20がウェットプロセス(塗布および硬化)により形成される。別の実施形態においては、別の高屈折率層と別の低屈折率層との積層構造を中屈折率層として、後述のB-4およびB-5項のようにして形成してもよい。
次に、B-2項のようにして形成した中屈折率層20上に、必要に応じて密着層30を形成する。密着層30は、代表的にはドライプロセスにより形成される。ドライプロセスの具体例としては、PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)法、CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法が挙げられる。PVD法としては、真空蒸着法、反応性蒸着法、イオンビームアシスト法、スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法が挙げられる。CVD法としては、プラズマCVD法が挙げられる。インライン処理を行う場合には、スパッタリング法が好適に用いられ得る。密着層30は、例えば、ケイ素(シリコン)のスパッタリングにより形成される。なお、上記のとおり、密着層は任意であり省略されてもよい。また、密着層を形成する場合、隣接する層間の密着性を高める限り、その形成位置は図示例には限定されない。
次に、中屈折率層20上または密着層が形成されている場合には密着層30上に、高屈折率層40を形成する。高屈折率層40は、代表的にはドライプロセスにより形成される。1つの実施形態においては、高屈折率層40は、金属酸化物(例えば、Nb2O5)または金属窒化物のスパッタリングにより形成される。別の実施形態においては、高屈折率層40は、酸素を導入して金属を酸化させながらスパッタリングすることにより形成される。本発明においては、高屈折率層の厚みが非常に小さいので膜厚制御が重要であるが、適切なスパッタリングにより対応可能である。
最後に、B-4項のようにして形成した高屈折率層40上に、低屈折率層50を形成する。低屈折率層50は、1つの実施形態においてはドライプロセスにより形成され、例えば金属酸化物(例えば、SiO2)のスパッタリングにより形成される。低屈折率層50は、別の実施形態においてはウェットプロセスにより形成され、例えばポリシロキサンを主成分とする低屈折率材料の塗布により形成される。また、所望の膜厚に対して途中までスパッタリングを行い、それ以降を塗布にすることにより低屈折率層を形成してもよい。
本発明の反射防止フィルムは、CRT、液晶表示装置、プラズマディスプレイパネルなどの画像表示装置における外光の映り込み防止に好適に利用することができる。本発明の反射防止フィルムは、単独の光学部材として使用してもよく、他の光学部材と一体化して提供してもよい。例えば、偏光板に貼り合わせて反射防止フィルム付偏光板として提供してもよい。このような反射防止フィルム付偏光板は、例えば液晶表示装置の視認側偏光板として好適に用いられ得る。
裏面反射率をカットするために、得られた反射防止フィルムを黒色アクリル板(三菱レイヨン社製、厚み2.0mm)に粘着剤を介して貼り合わせ、測定サンプルを作成した。このような測定サンプルについて、分光光度計U4100(日立ハイテクノロジー社製)を用い、5°正反射の可視光領域の反射率、20°方向からの入射光に対する反射率および40°方向からの入射光に対する反射率を測定した。得られた反射率のスペクトルからC光源2度視野における視感反射率(Y(%))ならびにL*a*b*表色系の色相a*およびb*を算出して求めた。
基材/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の構成を有する反射防止フィルムの反射特性の光学設計を、波長580nmにおける振幅反射率図の複素平面を用いて行った。その際、図2に示すように高屈折率層の積層軌跡の始点Aと終点Bとを結ぶ線分ABが振幅反射率図の実数軸と交差するようにして、基材、中屈折率層、高屈折率層および低屈折率層の屈折率および厚みを設定した。具体的には、以下の手順で反射防止フィルムを作製した。
基材としてハードコート(屈折率:1.53)付のトリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルムを用いた。一方、ジルコニア粒子(平均粒径40nm、屈折率2.19)を全固形分の約70%含有する樹脂組成物(JSR社製、商品名「オプスターKZシリーズ」)をMIBKにて3%に希釈した塗布液(中屈折率層形成用組成物)を調製した。当該塗布液を、バーコーターを用いて上記基材上に塗布し、60℃にて1分間乾燥後、積算光量300mJの紫外線を照射し、中屈折率層(屈折率:1.76、厚み:104nm)を形成した。次に、Nb2O5をスパッタリングすることにより、中屈折率層上に高屈折率層(屈折率:2.33、厚み:19nm)を形成した。さらに、SiO2をスパッタリングすることにより、高屈折率層上に低屈折率層(屈折率:1.47、厚み:108nm)を形成した。このようにして、反射防止フィルムを作製した。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1には、線分ABと振幅反射率図の実数軸との交差角度も示す。
表1に示す構成で反射防止フィルムを作製した。得られた反射防止フィルムを上記光学特性の評価に供した。結果を表1に示す。
中屈折率層が別の高屈折率層/別の低屈折率層の積層構造を有する形態の反射防止フィルム、すなわち、基材/別の高屈折率層/別の低屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の構成を有する反射防止フィルムについて実施例1と同様にして光学設計を行った。その際、図2に準じて高屈折率層の積層軌跡の始点Aと終点Bとを結ぶ線分ABが振幅反射率図の実数軸と交差するようにして、基材、別の高屈折率層、別の低屈折率層、高屈折率層および低屈折率層の屈折率および厚みを設定した。具体的には、以下の手順で反射防止フィルムを作製した。
基材としてハードコート(屈折率:1.53)付のトリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルムを用いた。次に、Nb2O5をスパッタリングすることにより、基材上に別の高屈折率層(屈折率:2.33、厚み:14nm)を形成した。続いて、SiO2をスパッタリングすることにより、別の高屈折率層上に別の低屈折率層(屈折率:1.47、厚み:49nm)を形成した。さらに、Nb2O5をスパッタリングすることにより、別の低屈折率層上に高屈折率層(屈折率:2.33、厚み:26nm)を形成した。最後に、SiO2をスパッタリングすることにより、高屈折率層上に低屈折率層(屈折率:1.47、厚み:115nm)を形成した。このようにして、反射防止フィルムを作製した。結果を表2に示す。なお、表2には、線分ABと振幅反射率図の実数軸との交差角度も示す。
表2に示す構成で反射防止フィルムを作製した。得られた反射防止フィルムを上記光学特性の評価に供した。結果を表2に示す。
なお、各実施例および比較例においては、線分ABと振幅反射率図の実数軸との交差ならびに交差角度は、中屈折率層(実施例6~10および比較例3においては別の高屈折率層と別の低屈折率層)、高屈折率層および低屈折率層の厚みを変化させることにより制御したが、各層の屈折率を変化させてもよく、各層の屈折率と厚みを組み合わせて変化させてもよいことは、図2から明らかである。
580nmにおいて実施例1と同様の光学設計を行った。さらに、設計波長を550nm、650nmおよび700nmに変更して光学設計を行った。それぞれの設計波長における振幅反射率図を、後述の実施例12の結果と併せて図6に示す。
580nmにおいて実施例2と同様の光学設計を行った。さらに、設計波長を550nm、650nmおよび700nmに変更して光学設計を行った。それぞれの設計波長における振幅反射率図を、実施例11の結果と併せて図6に示す。
表1および表2から明らかなように、反射防止フィルムの反射特性の光学設計を、波長580nmにおける振幅反射率図の複素平面を用いて行う際に、高屈折率層の積層軌跡の始点Aと終点Bとを結ぶ線分ABが振幅反射率図の実数軸と交差するようにして、各層の屈折率および/または厚み(ここでは厚み)を設計することにより、優れた反射特性を実現するに加えて、正面方向および斜め方向のいずれの入射光の反射色相についても色付きのない反射防止フィルムを得ることができた。さらに、線分ABと実数軸の交差角度θが75°以上となる実施例においては、斜め方向からの入射光の反射色相が顕著に改善され得ることがわかる。加えて、実施例11と12とを比較すると明らかなように、580nmでの交差角度θを最適化することにより、広帯域の波長領域において線分ABと実数軸との交差が担保され、優れた反射特性を有する反射防止フィルムを得ることができる。
20 中屈折率層
21 別の高屈折率層
22 別の低屈折率層
30 密着層
40 高屈折率層
50 低屈折率層
100 反射防止フィルム
Claims (8)
- 基材と、該基材側から順に、中屈折率層と、高屈折率層と、低屈折率層と、を有する反射防止フィルムであって、
該反射防止フィルムの反射特性の光学設計を、波長580nmにおける振幅反射率図の複素平面を用いて行う際に、該高屈折率層の積層軌跡の始点Aと終点Bとを結ぶ線分ABが該振幅反射率図の実数軸と交差するようにして、該基材、該中屈折率層、該高屈折率層および該低屈折率層の屈折率および/または厚みが設計されている、反射防止フィルム。 - 前記線分ABと前記実数軸とが交差し、かつ、該線分ABと該実数軸とのなす角度θが65°≦θ≦90°となるようにして、前記基材、前記中屈折率層、前記高屈折率層および前記低屈折率層の屈折率および/または厚みが設計されている、請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルム。
- 前記反射防止フィルムの反射特性の光学設計を前記振幅反射率図の複素平面を用いて行う際に、550nm~700nmの波長範囲にわたる光学設計のいずれにおいても、前記線分ABと前記実数軸とが交差するようにして、前記基材、前記中屈折率層、前記高屈折率層および前記低屈折率層の屈折率および/または厚みが設計されている、請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルム。
- 前記中屈折率層が単一層である、請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルム。
- 前記高屈折率層の厚みが50nm以下である、請求項4に記載の反射防止フィルム。
- 前記中屈折率層が、前記基材側から順に配置された別の高屈折率層と別の低屈折率層との積層構造を有する、請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルム。
- 請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルムを含む、反射防止フィルム付偏光板。
- 請求項1に記載の反射防止フィルムまたは請求項7に記載の反射防止フィルム付偏光板を含む、画像表示装置。
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- 2014-01-24 JP JP2014011690A patent/JP6673629B2/ja active Active
- 2014-01-27 KR KR1020157020401A patent/KR102197745B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-01-27 CN CN201480006527.3A patent/CN104969094B/zh active Active
- 2014-01-27 WO PCT/JP2014/051657 patent/WO2014119507A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-01-27 US US14/763,583 patent/US20150369966A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-01-29 TW TW103103679A patent/TWI605267B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH01131501A (ja) * | 1987-11-17 | 1989-05-24 | Topcon Corp | 広帯域反射防止膜 |
JPH11271507A (ja) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-10-08 | Boc Group Inc:The | 4つのスパッタ層を有する広帯域反射防止被膜 |
JP2001281415A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Sony Corp | 反射防止フィルタ及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104969094A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
TW201439579A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
JP6673629B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
JP2014167621A (ja) | 2014-09-11 |
KR102197745B1 (ko) | 2021-01-04 |
TWI605267B (zh) | 2017-11-11 |
CN104969094B (zh) | 2017-11-17 |
US20150369966A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
KR20150112966A (ko) | 2015-10-07 |
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