WO2014102901A1 - 合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とその製造方法 - Google Patents
合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014102901A1 WO2014102901A1 PCT/JP2012/083479 JP2012083479W WO2014102901A1 WO 2014102901 A1 WO2014102901 A1 WO 2014102901A1 JP 2012083479 W JP2012083479 W JP 2012083479W WO 2014102901 A1 WO2014102901 A1 WO 2014102901A1
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
- Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent plating adhesion and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a steel plate having a steel plate structure in which three phases of a ferrite phase, a bainite phase, and an austenite phase are mixed. Moreover, it is disclosed that this steel plate is a steel plate using transformation-induced plasticity that exhibits high ductility by transforming residual austenite into martensite during molding.
- This type of steel sheet contains, for example, 0.05 to 0.4% by mass of C, 0.2 to 3.0% by mass of Si, and 0.1 to 2.5% by mass of Mn. After annealing, the composite structure is formed by controlling the temperature pattern of the cooling process. Therefore, it has a feature that required characteristics can be secured without using an expensive alloy element.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a steel sheet is heated in advance in an atmosphere having an air ratio of 0.9 to 1.2 to generate Fe oxide, and then a reduction zone containing H 2. Thus, a method is proposed in which after the oxide thickness is reduced to 500 mm or less, plating is performed in a bath containing Mn and Al. However, since various steel plates containing various additive elements are passed through the actual line, it is difficult to accurately control the oxide thickness.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for improving plating properties by applying specific plating to the lower layer.
- this method it is necessary to newly provide a plating facility before the annealing furnace in the hot dipping line, or to perform a plating process in advance in the electroplating line. In either case, a significant increase in manufacturing cost is expected.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of manufacturing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet without adjusting Fe in the steel sheet by adjusting the oxygen potential of the annealing atmosphere during annealing.
- oxidizable elements such as Si and Mn in steel are internally oxidized by controlling the oxygen potential of the atmosphere, and the formation of an external oxide film is suppressed, thereby achieving an improvement in plating performance.
- the steel sheet is reheated after plating, the Zn plating layer reacts with the steel sheet, and the Zn-Fe alloying reaction proceeds uniformly when forming an alloy plating layer made of a Zn-Fe alloy. It becomes possible to make it. However, although sufficient adhesion can be secured during normal processing, the effect of improving the plating adhesion during strong processing has not been obtained.
- High-strength steel plates used for automobile reinforcing members are generally processed by processing mainly consisting of bending.
- the plating original plate When a high-strength steel plate having a relatively high C content is used as the plating original plate, the plating original plate itself is hard, so that cracks are likely to occur in the steel plate surface layer during bending. This crack becomes a factor that the steel plate breaks in the plate thickness direction when the steel plate is used.
- Patent Document 5 controls the oxygen potential in the annealing atmosphere to improve the plateability and reduce the amount of C on the surface of the steel sheet, thereby reducing the ductility of the very surface layer. Improves and suppresses the generation of cracks, and further, by generating oxides of Si and Mn in the vicinity of the steel sheet surface layer, even if cracks occur, this oxide suppresses the propagation of cracks and We have proposed a technology to ensure the bendability.
- Patent Document 5 even if the steel plate is annealed under the condition of internal oxidation, the oxide generated at the interface between the plating and the steel plate is not completely eliminated. Therefore, depending on the property of the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet due to the oxide generation behavior, the adhesion between the steel sheet and the plating layer may be deteriorated, resulting in a problem that the plating peels off during processing.
- the Zn—Fe alloy plating layer there are a plurality of Zn—Fe alloy phases such as ⁇ phase, ⁇ 1 phase, ⁇ phase, and ⁇ 1 phase in ascending order of Fe content.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase becomes harder and more brittle as the amount of Fe increases.
- the oxide particles are dispersed in the Zn—Fe alloy phase, the plastic deformability of the Zn—Fe alloy phase is reduced, and when the plating layer is stressed, the plating layer is cracked or peeled off. It becomes easy.
- Patent Document 6 discloses an interface between a plating layer and a steel plate, which is a problem that occurs when an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel plate is manufactured using a high-strength steel plate as a base plate. Focusing on the shape of the structure consisting of the Si—Mn oxide and the Zn—Fe intermetallic compound to be formed, the structure and the size of the unevenness at the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet are controlled, and the A technique for improving adhesion is disclosed.
- Patent Document 6 employs a process of heating a steel sheet in an oxidizing atmosphere and then holding it in a reducing atmosphere for a predetermined time in annealing before plating. Therefore, in order to make the state of the interface between the plated layer after the alloying treatment and the steel plate into a predetermined state, the annealing atmosphere must be strictly controlled.
- Patent Document 7 by controlling the depth of penetration of the Zn—Fe intermetallic compound in the depth direction on the steel sheet side from the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet to 10 ⁇ m or less, the powdering resistance and plating adhesion are improved. Techniques for improving are disclosed. However, in recent years, higher workability is required for high-strength galvannealed steel sheets, including those for automobiles. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure plating adhesion that can withstand severe processing only by controlling the maximum penetration depth of the Zn—Fe intermetallic compound. For example, there are cases where powdering occurs in which plating on the surface peels off when severe molding is performed using a die, and conventionally it has been difficult to prevent powdering from occurring.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that is remarkably excellent in plating adhesion and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors diligently studied a technique for improving the plating adhesion of an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “plated steel sheet”).
- plated steel sheet an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet
- the present inventors have newly found that the presence form of the Zn—Fe alloy phase formed by intrusion into the steel greatly affects the improvement of plating adhesion.
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by controlling the structure near the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet based on the above knowledge.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet, a plating layer on a surface of the steel sheet, and a mixed layer formed between the steel sheet and the plating layer.
- the steel sheet contains, by mass, C: 0.050% or more, 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.01% or more, 3.00% or less, and Si: 0.01% or more. , 3.00% or less, Al: 0.010% or more, 2.00% or less, Cr: 0.01% or more, 2.00% or less, or one or more of P: 0.0.
- the plating layer contains Fe: 7.0% or more, 15.0% or less, Al: 0.01% or more, 1.00% or less, with the balance being Zn and inevitable, consisting of impurities;
- An alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer made of mechanical impurities; the mixed layer is made of a base metal part having fine crystal grains of more than 0 ⁇ m and less than 2 ⁇ m, a Zn—Fe alloy phase, and one kind of Mn, Si, Al, and Cr In the mixed
- the plated layer surface layer region which is a region of 1 ⁇ m or less from the surface of the plated layer, contains Zn—Fe containing the ⁇ phase not containing the oxide. It may be an alloy phase.
- the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to (1) or (2) above may have an average thickness of the mixed layer in a direction along the sheet thickness direction of the steel sheet of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the mixed layer is seen in a cross section in the plate thickness direction of the steel sheet. At this time, a shape protruding in a V shape from the plating layer toward the center of the plate thickness of the steel sheet may be formed.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the mixed layer has penetrated from the plated layer during the alloying treatment. It may be produced by a reaction between the Zn and the Fe in the steel plate.
- a method for producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a steel sheet having the component composition described in (1) above with 0.1 to 50% by volume of hydrogen and the balance In an atmosphere consisting of nitrogen and unavoidable impurities and having a dew point of more than ⁇ 30 ° C. and not more than 20 ° C., the first heating rate that is an average heating rate between 650 ° C. and 740 ° C. is 0.2 ° C.
- the alloying treatment temperature in the alloying treatment step may be 420 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less.
- the grinding amount is 0.01 to 3.00 g / m 2 before the first temperature raising step. It is possible to have a heavy grinding process for performing heavy grinding under the above conditions.
- an average cooling rate between 740 ° C. and 650 ° C. in the cooling step is 0.00. It may be 5 ° C./second or more.
- the annealing step may be performed in a total reduction furnace of a continuous hot dip plating apparatus.
- the steel sheet in the hot-dip galvanizing step, is 0.01% or more and 1.00%. You may immerse in the zinc plating bath which contains the following Al and is bath temperature of 430 degreeC or more and 500 degrees C or less.
- the average heating rate is 420 ° C. to 460 ° C. in the alloying treatment step.
- the second temperature increase rate is 20 ° C./second or more and 100 ° C./second or less
- the third temperature increase rate that is an average temperature increase rate from 460 ° C. to the alloying treatment temperature is 2 ° C./second or more and 40 It is good also as below °C / second.
- an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with improved plating adhesion can be provided.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an aspect of a Zn-Fe alloy phase in the shape of a wedge (wedge shape).
- FIG. 1A It is a figure which shows typically the mechanism in which plating adhesiveness improves notably, and is a figure which shows the aspect of the Zn-Fe plating layer formed by alloying process.
- FIG. 1B It is a figure showing the correlation between the “fine structure where oxides exist at grain boundaries” formed near the steel sheet surface and the plating layer, and “fine structure where oxides exist near grain boundaries” formed near the steel sheet surface. It is a figure which shows the aspect of ". It is a figure showing the interrelationship between the “fine structure where oxides exist at grain boundaries” formed in the vicinity of the steel sheet surface and the plating layer, and the form of “fine structure where oxides exist at grain boundaries” after plating It is a figure shown typically. It is a figure which shows the microstructure after annealing. It is a figure which shows the fine structure after an alloying process. It is a figure which shows the (zeta) phase produced
- An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “plated steel sheet according to this embodiment”) includes a steel sheet, a plating layer on the surface of the steel sheet, the steel sheet, and the steel sheet.
- a mixed layer formed between the plating layer and the steel sheet in mass% C: 0.050% or more, 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.01% or more, 3.00
- N: 0.0100% or less Ti: 0.150% or less Nb: 0.150% or less
- Mo 1.00% or less
- Mn content, Si content, Al content, Cr content in mass%, [Mn], [Si], [Al], [Cr] When the following expression 1 is satisfied, the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities; the plating layer is in mass%, Fe: 7.0% or more, 15.0% or less, Al: 0.01
- the thickness (mm) of the galvanized steel sheet is not particularly limited. Normally, the thickness of the steel sheet to which galvanization is applied is 0.4 to 3.2 mm, but 1.0 to 3.2 mm is preferable in consideration of the load and productivity of the rolling mill.
- % Related to the component composition means mass%.
- C 0.050% or more and 0.5% or less C is an element effective for securing the strength of steel. However, if the content is less than 0.050%, the strength improvement effect cannot be expected. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.5%, the weldability deteriorates, and the practicality of the steel sheet of the present invention decreases. Therefore, the content of C is set to 0.050% or more and 0.5% or less. Preferably they are 0.100% or more and 0.4% or less.
- Mn 0.01% or more and 3.00% or less
- Mn is an element effective for securing the strength of steel.
- Mn is an element that forms an oxide that suppresses coarsening of crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of the steel sheet during annealing.
- the Mn content is 0.01% or more and 3.00% or less.
- they are 0.07% or more and 3.00% or less.
- the steel sheet must contain one or more selected from Si, Al, and Cr in the following range.
- Si 0.01% or more and 3.00% or less Si is an element that ensures the strength of steel.
- Si is an element that forms an oxide that suppresses the coarsening of crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of the steel sheet during annealing. In order to acquire the effect, it is necessary to contain 0.01% or more. Therefore, the lower limit of the content when added is 0.01%. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3.00%, a coarse oxide is generated and the plating layer is easily peeled off, so the upper limit of the Si content is 3.00%. Preferably it is 2.00%.
- Al 0.010% to 2.00%
- Al is an element that deoxidizes steel. Further, Al is an element that forms an oxide that suppresses coarsening of crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of the steel sheet during annealing. In order to acquire the effect, it is necessary to contain 0.010% or more. Therefore, the lower limit of the content when added is 0.010%. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.00%, coarse inclusions and oxides are generated, the workability is lowered, and the plating layer is easily peeled off, so the upper limit of the Al content is 2.00%. To do. From the viewpoint of securing high workability, the preferable upper limit is 1.50%.
- Cr 0.01% or more and 2.00% or less
- Cr is an element effective for securing the strength of steel without impairing the workability of the steel sheet, particularly elongation.
- Cr is an element that forms an oxide that suppresses the coarsening of crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of the steel sheet during annealing. In order to acquire the effect, it is necessary to contain 0.01% or more. Therefore, the lower limit of the content when added is 0.01%.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is 2.00%.
- a preferable upper limit is 1.50%.
- Mn + Si + Al + Cr 0.400% or more
- all of Mn, Si, Al, and Cr are elements that form oxides that suppress the coarsening of crystal grains in the vicinity of the surface of a steel sheet during annealing.
- Mn + Si + Al + Cr is 0.400% or more.
- Mn + Si + Al + Cr is 0.400% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and may be the sum of the upper limits of each element, but is preferably 6.000% or less from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive generation of oxides.
- the oxide that suppresses the coarsening of crystal grains as described above is an oxide of Mn, Si, Al, or Cr, or a composite composed of two or more of Mn, Si, Al, and Cr. It is an oxide.
- the oxide examples include Si oxide, Mn oxide, Si—Mn oxide, Al oxide, Al—Si composite oxide, Al—Mn composite oxide, Al—Si—Mn composite oxide, and Cr.
- the oxide may contain Fe.
- the size of the oxide is preferably not more than 1 ⁇ m in average circle equivalent diameter so that elongation does not decrease, and is 10 nm or more in order to exert the effect of suppressing the movement of the grain boundary of the steel sheet. Is preferred.
- the size of the oxide may be determined by observing a cross-polished sample at a magnification of 50000 times with an SEM (scanning electron microscope) and obtaining the equivalent circle diameter by image analysis.
- the number of oxides is not particularly limited, but at the time of cross-sectional observation, it is preferable that at least one oxide is present in the length of 100 ⁇ m in the plate width direction of the cross section at a depth d ( ⁇ m).
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment contains the above elements, and the balance is basically composed of iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the steel plate may further include P, S, O, N, Ti, as necessary.
- Nb, Mo, Cu, Ni, and B may be contained in the following content ranges.
- the lower limit of these elements is 0%, in order to acquire a desired effect, it is good also as the lower limit shown below, respectively.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is an element that enhances the strength of steel, but is also an element that segregates at the center of the plate thickness of the steel sheet and embrittles the weld. Therefore, the content is limited to 0.100% or less. Preferably it is 0.080% or less. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, It is preferable to contain 0.001% or more by the point which ensures the strength improvement effect.
- S 0.0200% or less S has an adverse effect on weldability and manufacturability during casting and hot rolling. For this reason, the upper limit of the S content was set to 0.0200%. Further, since S is combined with Mn to form coarse MnS to lower the ductility and stretch flangeability, it is preferably 0.0050% or less, and more preferably 0.0025% or less. The lower limit of the content of S is not particularly defined, and the effect of the present invention is exhibited. However, if the content of S is less than 0.0001%, a significant increase in production cost is caused, so 0.0001% The above is preferable.
- O 0.0100% or less
- O forms an oxide and deteriorates ductility and stretch flangeability, so the content needs to be suppressed.
- the O content is preferably 0.0080% or less, and more preferably 0.0060% or less.
- the lower limit of the content of O is not particularly defined, the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the content of O is less than 0.0001%, a significant increase in manufacturing cost is caused, so 0.0001% The above is preferable.
- N 0.0100% or less N forms coarse nitrides and deteriorates ductility and stretch flangeability, so it is necessary to suppress the addition amount.
- N content exceeds 0.0100%, this tendency becomes remarkable, so the N content range is set to 0.0100% or less. Further, N is better because it causes blowholes during welding.
- the lower limit of the content of N is not particularly defined, and the effect of the present invention is exhibited. However, if the content of N is less than 0.0001%, a significant increase in manufacturing cost is caused, so 0.0001% The above is preferable.
- Ti 0.150% or less Ti increases the strength of steel plate (base material steel plate) to be plated by strengthening precipitates, strengthening fine grains by suppressing the growth of ferrite crystal grains, and dislocation strengthening by suppressing recrystallization. Is an element that contributes to However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.150%, precipitation of carbonitrides increases and the formability deteriorates, so the Ti content is preferably 0.150% or less. From the viewpoint of moldability, the Ti content is more preferably 0.120% or less, and further preferably 0.100% or less. The lower limit of the Ti content is not particularly defined, and the effects of the present invention are exhibited. However, in order to sufficiently obtain the strength increasing effect by Ti, the Ti content is preferably 0.005% or more. In order to increase the strength of the base steel sheet, the Ti content is more preferably 0.010% or more, and further preferably 0.015% or more.
- Nb 0.150% or less
- Nb is an element that contributes to increasing the strength of the base steel sheet by strengthening precipitates, strengthening fine grains by suppressing the growth of ferrite crystal grains, and strengthening dislocations by suppressing recrystallization.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.150% or less.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.120% or less, and further preferably 0.100% or less.
- the lower limit of the Nb content is not particularly defined, and the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.010% or more, and further preferably 0.015% or more.
- Mo 1.00% or less Mo is an element that suppresses phase transformation at high temperatures and is effective for increasing the strength, and may be added instead of a part of C and / or Mn. If the Mo content exceeds 1.00%, hot workability is impaired and productivity is lowered. For this reason, the Mo content is preferably 1.00% or less.
- the lower limit of the content of Mo is not particularly defined, and the effect of the present invention is exhibited. However, in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of increasing the strength by Mo, the content of Mo is 0.01% or more. preferable.
- Cu 2.00% or less
- Cu is an element that increases the strength by being present in the steel as fine particles, and can be added instead of a part of C and / or Mn. If the Cu content exceeds 2.00%, weldability is impaired, so the Cu content is preferably 2.00% or less.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is not particularly defined, and the effect of the present invention is exhibited. However, in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of increasing the strength by Cu, the Cu content should be 0.01% or more. preferable.
- Ni 2.00% or less
- Ni is an element that suppresses phase transformation at a high temperature and is effective for increasing the strength. Therefore, Ni may be added instead of a part of C and / or Mn. If the Ni content exceeds 2.00%, weldability is impaired, so the Ni content is preferably 2.00% or less.
- the lower limit of the Ni content is not particularly defined, and the effects of the present invention are exhibited. However, in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of increasing the strength by Ni, the Ni content should be 0.01% or more. preferable.
- B 0.0100% or less B is an element that reinforces grain boundaries and improves secondary workability, but is also an element that deteriorates plating properties. Therefore, the upper limit is 0.0100%, preferably 0.0075%. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, 0.0001% or more is preferable at the point which ensures the said improvement effect.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment contains one or more of W, Co, Sn, V, Ca, and REM as inevitable impurities as elements other than those described above, the effects of the present invention can be obtained. Demonstrated.
- % Related to the component composition means mass%.
- the Fe content in the plating layer refers to the Fe content ratio (mass%) when the total amount of adhesion of the alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer and the Zn—Fe alloy phase present in the mixed layer is used as the denominator. Refers to that.
- Al 0.01 to 1.00% If the Al content (Al concentration) in the plating layer is less than 0.01%, the Zn-Fe alloying reaction proceeds excessively in the plating layer during the production of the steel sheet. Further, if the Al content (Al concentration) in the plating layer exceeds 1.00%, the effect of suppressing the Zn—Fe alloying reaction by Al becomes remarkable, so that the Zn—Fe reaction proceeds. The line speed must be reduced, and the productivity is degraded. Therefore, the Al content in the plating layer is set to 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less.
- an oxide containing at least one of a base iron part, a Fe—Zn phase, and Mn, Si, Al, and Cr is formed between the steel sheet and the plating layer by alloying treatment.
- a mixed layer containing is formed.
- the steel sheet that is the material to be plated is annealed in the total reduction furnace type (RTF) line, by adjusting the oxygen potential in the annealing furnace, the oxidation present on the steel sheet surface
- RTF total reduction furnace type
- Mn, Si, Al, and Cr which are easily oxidizable elements in the steel sheet, can be oxidized to form an oxide while reducing the film.
- the structure of the steel sheet before annealing is usually a rolled structure, and in many cases, it is composed of fine crystal grains having a grain size of submicron order.
- this fine structure is heated in an annealing furnace and reaches a certain temperature or higher, grain growth occurs and crystal grains gradually become coarser.
- Oxidation can be preferentially performed at the grain boundaries of the steel sheet.
- Oxides generated by preferential oxidation suppress the movement of grain boundaries. Therefore, by adjusting the oxygen potential and temperature rising pattern in the annealing furnace as described above, the microstructure in the vicinity of the steel sheet surface is maintained as it is rolled, and the microstructure in which oxides exist at the grain boundaries is maintained. Can be formed.
- hot dip galvanizing is performed on the steel sheet after annealing.
- a plating layer is formed on the surface of a steel plate.
- an alloying process is performed on the steel plate having this plating layer.
- a mixed layer is formed between the steel plate and the alloyed plating layer (alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer).
- This mixed layer is formed by Zn entering the grain boundaries of the microstructure of the steel sheet from the plated layer. For this reason, this mixed layer includes a base iron portion (steel plate portion), a Zn—Fe alloy phase, and an oxide formed at the grain boundary of the steel plate during annealing.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in this mixed layer penetrates from the plating layer into the crystal grain boundary of the microstructure in the steel plate obtained by the grain growth inhibiting action of the oxide generated by annealing, and the plating layer It is generated by the reaction between Zn intruding from Fe and Fe in the steel sheet. Further, since the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the mixed layer is formed along the grain boundary of the steel plate, the Zn—Fe alloy phase and the base iron portion are intricately shaped. Therefore, the adhesion between the steel plate and the plating layer is significantly improved.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the mixed layer is V-shaped from the plated layer toward the center of the sheet thickness when viewed in a section in the sheet thickness direction. It is desirable to have a protruding shape (so-called wedge shape). This adhesion improving mechanism will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1A to 1C schematically show a mechanism for significantly improving plating adhesion.
- FIG. 1A shows an embodiment in which zinc is plated on a fine-structure steel plate in which oxide is present at grain boundaries (including oxide).
- FIG. 1B shows an embodiment of a wedge-shaped Zn—Fe alloy phase formed around oxides existing at the grain boundaries by reaction of Zn intruding from the plating layer with Fe in the steel sheet.
- FIG. 1C shows an embodiment of the Zn—Fe plating layer (alloy plating layer) formed by the alloying treatment.
- FIG. 1A hot dip galvanizing is performed on a steel sheet having a microstructure 1 in which an oxide 4 is present at a grain boundary to form a plating layer 2.
- the oxide 4 is present at almost all crystal grain boundaries, and Zn easily enters from the plating layer 2 at the crystal grain boundaries where the oxide 4 exists.
- Zn that has entered from the plating layer 2 and Fe in the steel sheet are bonded to each other at a part of the grain boundary where the oxide 4 exists.
- FIG. 1B a Zn—Fe alloy phase (intermetallic compound) 5 having a V-shaped (wedge shape) protruding toward the steel sheet between the steel sheet and the plating layer is formed around the oxide 4. Formed.
- the plating layer 2 is alloyed from the side closer to the interface with the steel sheet to become an alloy plating layer (alloyed hot dip galvanized layer) 3.
- this alloy plating layer 3 takes in the microstructure 1 near the steel plate surface and grows in the steel plate direction.
- This region is the mixed layer 13 described above.
- the inventors of the present invention have this mixed layer 13 between the alloy plating layer and the steel plate, and in this mixed layer, the Zn—Fe alloy phase (intermetallic compound) 5 enters the base iron part 11.
- the alloy plating layer 3 and the steel plate are firmly bonded, and the adhesion between the alloy plating layer 3 and the steel plate is dramatically increased. This is the knowledge forming the basis of the present invention.
- a Zn—Fe alloy phase is generated not only in the mixed layer 13 but also in the alloy plating layer 3.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the mixed layer is desirably as described above.
- the inventors of the present invention have provided that the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the plating surface layer region, which is a region of 1 ⁇ m or less from the surface of the alloy plating layer 3 (on the side opposite to the steel plate), does not contain the oxide. It has also been found that the bonding strength with other members can be further improved by using a Zn—Fe alloy phase containing a ⁇ phase.
- a part of the microstructure near the surface of the steel sheet is taken into the alloy plating layer from the steel sheet surface side by the alloying process to become a mixed layer.
- the inventors have found that adjusting the annealing atmosphere and the heating rate to control the progress of internal oxidation is important for the formation of the mixed layer. The adjustment of the annealing atmosphere and the heating rate will be described later.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show the correlation between the “fine structure in which oxides exist at grain boundaries” formed in the vicinity of the steel sheet surface and the plating layer.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows an embodiment of “a fine structure in which oxides exist at grain boundaries” formed in the vicinity of the steel sheet surface
- FIG. 2B shows “a fine structure in which oxides exist at grain boundaries” in the mixed layer. The aspect of is shown typically.
- the alloy plating layer takes in the “microstructure in which oxides exist at the grain boundaries” as shown in FIG. To grow.
- a mixed layer including a soot “a fine structure in which oxides exist at grain boundaries” is formed.
- a Zn—Fe phase is formed at this grain boundary.
- the above-mentioned mixed layer is formed between the steel sheet and the plating layer.
- the above-described mixed layer includes a base iron portion having fine crystal grains (fine structure) of more than 0 ⁇ m and 2 ⁇ m or less, a Zn—Fe alloy phase, and an oxide containing one or more of Mn, Si, Al, and Cr. , So as to include.
- an oxide and a Zn—Fe alloy phase are present at the crystal grain boundaries forming the fine crystal grains, and the Zn—Fe alloy phase is in a shape that is intertwined with the base iron part. To form.
- the structure of the steel sheet before annealing is usually a structure as it is rolled, and in many cases, it is composed of fine crystal grains having a particle size of submicron order.
- the microstructure of the above-mentioned base iron part has a fine grain size of 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the microstructure was defined as:
- the particle size of the fine structure is 1 ⁇ m or less. The lower limit need not be specified, but it must be greater than 0 ⁇ m because a fine structure needs to exist.
- the mixed layer 13 is more fragile than the steel plate 1 and the alloy plating layer 3. Therefore, if the thickness of the mixed layer exceeds 10 ⁇ m, cracks are likely to occur during bending. Therefore, the thickness of the mixed layer is desirably within 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the mixed layer is more preferably within 5 ⁇ m.
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase is obtained when the mixed layer is observed along the interface between the mixed layer and the plated layer using a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 5000 times for 10 fields or more. It is desirable that one or more fine crystal grains having a grain boundary in which is present is observed in a visual field of 20% or more of the entire observation visual field. When the proportion of the visual field in which fine crystal grains having a grain boundary in which a Zn—Fe alloy phase is present is observed is less than 20%, the plating adhesion is within the range of press working assuming a normal automobile inner plate.
- the alloying treatment temperature is lowered, and the plating layer surface layer region that is 1 ⁇ m or less from the surface of the plating layer does not contain the oxide as shown in FIG.
- a Zn—Fe alloy phase including the phase 21 is desirable.
- the ⁇ phase is relatively soft and does not contain the above-mentioned oxide, and thus has a certain degree of deformability. Therefore, it can be deformed to some extent when stress is applied to the surface layer of the plating layer. Therefore, when it adheres to another member with an adhesive, adhesion with the other member becomes dense.
- the ⁇ phase does not contain an oxide
- the ⁇ phase is not generated during the alloying process, but Fe eluted from the steel sheet surface into the plating bath when immersed in the plating bath and Zn in the bath. It may be considered that the Zn and Fe alloy phases containing the ⁇ phase reacted with each other.
- a steel sheet having the above-described composition is composed of 0.1 volume% or more and 50 volume% or less of hydrogen, the balance being nitrogen and inevitable impurities, and a dew point of ⁇ 30 ° C.
- the first heating is performed by setting the first heating rate, which is an average heating rate between 650 ° C. and 740 ° C., to 0.2 ° C./second or more and 6 ° C./second or less in an atmosphere that is super 20 ° C. or less.
- a temperature raising step after the first temperature raising step, a second temperature raising step in which the steel sheet is heated from 740 ° C. to an annealing temperature of 750 ° C. to 900 ° C.
- an annealing step for retaining the steel plate in the atmosphere at the annealing temperature for 30 seconds to 300 seconds; a cooling step for cooling the steel plate after the annealing step; and the cooling step After that, galvanizing process to hot dip galvanize the steel plate ; After the galvanizing step, the steel sheet, and alloying treatment step performing alloying treatment in an alloying treatment temperature of 420 ° C. ⁇ 550 ° C.; having.
- the annealing is preferably performed in a total reduction furnace of a continuous hot dip plating facility.
- the reduction annealing atmosphere before plating is an atmosphere in which the proportion of hydrogen in the atmosphere gas is 0.1 to 50% by volume and the balance is nitrogen and inevitable impurities. If the hydrogen content is less than 0.1% by volume, the oxide film present on the surface of the steel sheet cannot be sufficiently reduced, and plating wettability cannot be ensured. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen in the reduction annealing atmosphere is set to 0.1% by volume or more.
- the amount of hydrogen in the reduction annealing atmosphere is set to 50% by volume or less. Preferably, they are 0.1 volume% or more and 40 volume% or less.
- the dew point of the annealing reduction atmosphere is over -30 ° C and below 20 ° C. If it is ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower, it becomes difficult to secure an oxygen potential necessary for internal oxidation of easily oxidizable elements such as Si and Mn in steel. Preferably, it is ⁇ 25 ° C. or higher. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 20 ° C., dew condensation on the piping through which the reducing gas flows becomes remarkable, and stable atmosphere control becomes difficult. Therefore, the dew point is set to 20 ° C. or less. Preferably, it is 15 degrees C or less.
- the log (PH 2 O / PH 2 ) of the reduction annealing atmosphere it is preferable to adjust the log (PH 2 O / PH 2 ) of the reduction annealing atmosphere to 0 or less.
- log (PH 2 O / PH 2 ) is increased, alloying is promoted, but when it exceeds 0, the oxide film formed on the steel sheet surface before annealing cannot be sufficiently reduced.
- the upper limit of log (PH 2 O / PH 2 ) is preferably 0. More preferably, it is ⁇ 0.1 or less.
- the component composition and dew point of the reduced annealing atmosphere, the heating rate and the annealing temperature of the steel sheet, the oxide and the Zn-Fe alloy phase exist at the grain boundary forming the fine crystal grains in the mixed layer, and the mixing
- the Zn—Fe alloy phase in the layer is important in forming a mixed layer intermingled with the base iron part.
- heating is performed at a first temperature increase rate that is an average temperature increase rate between 650 ° C. and 740 ° C. at 0.2 ° C./second or more and 6 ° C./second or less (first temperature increase step ). Further, after the first temperature raising step, the steel sheet is heated from 740 ° C. to an annealing temperature of 750 ° C. to 900 ° C. in the atmosphere (second temperature raising step).
- first heating rate heating rate exceeds 6 ° C./second, the heating rate is too fast, and the crystal grains inside the steel sheet are coarsened before the internal oxidation sufficiently proceeds, and the present invention is necessary. It becomes impossible to obtain the organization form.
- the first temperature increase rate is set to 6 ° C./second or less. Preferably it is 4 degrees C / sec or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.2 ° C./second or more from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the rate of temperature increase in the second temperature increasing step is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 ° C./second or more and the facility capacity upper limit or less from the viewpoint of productivity.
- annealing is performed at an annealing temperature of 750 ° C. to 900 ° C. for 30 seconds to 300 seconds (annealing step).
- retention does not only mean isothermal holding, but there may be a temperature change in this temperature range.
- the annealing temperature is less than 750 ° C., the oxide film generated on the steel sheet surface before annealing cannot be sufficiently reduced, and plating wettability may not be ensured.
- the annealing temperature exceeds 900 ° C., the press formability deteriorates and the amount of heat necessary for heating increases, leading to an increase in manufacturing cost. Further, when the annealing temperature is 900 ° C.
- annealing temperature shall be 750 degreeC or more and 900 degrees C or less.
- a preferable annealing temperature is 760 ° C. or higher and 880 ° C. or lower.
- Cooling is performed after the annealing process (cooling process).
- the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the material, the average cooling rate of 740 ° C. to 650 ° C. is preferably 0.5 ° C./second or more. If the upper limit of the cooling rate is 20 ° C./second, component segregation is likely to occur at the crystal grain boundary in the region that becomes the mixed layer during subsequent plating, and a mixed layer is likely to be formed later. Therefore, the average cooling rate at 740 ° C. to 650 ° C. is desirably 0.5 ° C./second or more and 20 ° C./second or less. More desirably, it is 15 ° C./second or less, and still more desirably 6 ° C./second or less.
- the plated steel sheet according to the present embodiment is hot dip galvanized to form a plating layer on the cooled steel sheet after annealing (zinc plating process).
- the hot dip galvanizing is preferably performed using a galvanizing bath containing Al: 0.01 to 1.00% and a bath temperature of 430 to 500 ° C.
- the bath temperature of the galvanizing bath is preferably 430 to 500 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is 440 to 480 ° C.
- the plating adhesion amount is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more in terms of one-side adhesion amount from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance. Further, from the viewpoint of workability, weldability, and economy, the amount of adhesion on one side is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- Alloying treatment is performed at 420 to 550 ° C. (alloying treatment step).
- the alloying treatment temperature is lower than 420 ° C., the progress of alloying becomes slow, and the Zn layer may remain on the plating surface layer. Desirably, it is 450 degreeC or more.
- the alloying treatment temperature exceeds 550 ° C., alloying progresses too much, and a brittle ⁇ phase can be thickened at the plated steel plate interface, so that the plating adhesion during processing decreases.
- the average temperature increase rate from 420 ° C. to 460 ° C. is 20 ° C./second or more and 100 ° C./second or less, and the average temperature increase rate from 460 ° C. to the alloying treatment temperature is 2 ° C./second or more and 40 ° C. / Second or less is desirable.
- the average rate of temperature rise from 420 ° C. to the alloying treatment temperature may be 20 ° C./second or more and 100 ° C./second or less.
- the alloying treatment temperature is preferably set to 420 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less. Above 500 ° C., the ⁇ phase becomes unstable and separates into a ⁇ 1 phase and a Zn phase.
- the grain size of the ground iron fine crystal grains in the mixed layer can be made finer.
- the grinding amount is in the range of 0.01 g / m 2 to 3.00 g / m 2 . If the grinding amount is less than 0.01 g / m 2 , the effect of further refinement of ground crystal grains due to heavy grinding will not be exhibited. If the grinding amount exceeds 3.00 g / m 2 , the appearance may be adversely affected. Even if heavy grinding is performed, the roughness of the ground iron provided by heavy grinding is smoothed by subsequent annealing to hot dip galvanizing.
- the plated steel sheet of the present invention is subjected to upper layer plating for the purpose of improving paintability and weldability, and various chemical conversion treatments such as phosphate treatment, weldability improvement treatment, lubricity improvement treatment, etc. This does not depart from the present invention.
- the conditions of the examples are one condition example adopted to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this one condition example.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Example 2 An alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet was manufactured using a cold-rolled steel sheet having a composition of 0.4 to 3.2 mm shown in Table 1 as a plating original sheet and a vertical hot-dipping simulator. Table 2 shows the reduction annealing conditions before plating. The maximum temperature reached 800 ° C., and the holding temperature at the maximum temperature was 100 seconds.
- the steel sheet was continuously cooled to 450 ° C. in nitrogen gas and immersed in a molten zinc bath containing 0.13% Al for 3 seconds.
- the temperature of the hot dip galvanizing bath was 450 ° C., the same as the temperature at which the steel sheet entered the bath.
- the basis weight of zinc was adjusted to 5 to 15 ⁇ m with a gas wiper, and alloying treatment was performed.
- the alloying treatment temperature was set to the temperature shown in Table 2, and the amount of Fe in the plating layer was set to be as shown in Table 2.
- the steel sheet was cooled to room temperature with nitrogen gas.
- the component composition of the plating layer was measured by dissolving the plating layer with an acid and then chemically analyzing it using ICP.
- the observation of the structure of the interface between the plating layer and the steel sheet was performed by processing a steel sheet cut into 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm using a cross section polisher and then using a FE-SEM at a magnification of 5000 to 50000 times. More than 20 fields of view were observed.
- the obtained image data was subjected to image analysis, and the crystal grain size in the direction parallel to the initial interface of the steel plate was measured in the structure on the steel plate side of the plating / steel plate interface. A fine grain having a crystal grain size of 2 ⁇ m or less was used.
- FIG. 3 shows the microstructure in which the annealed oxide is present at the grain boundaries
- FIG. 4 shows the microstructure in the mixed layer after the alloying treatment. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that a microstructure in which oxides exist at grain boundaries is formed near the surface of the steel sheet. Moreover, FIG. 4 shows that the mixed layer which has the fine structure in which an oxide exists in a grain boundary is formed between the steel plate and the alloy plating layer.
- the average grain size of the microstructure was not measured for those in which a microstructure having a crystal grain size of 2 ⁇ m or less was not observed.
- “-” indicates that the microstructure was not observed.
- the evaluation method for powdering resistance was as follows.
- Evaluation criteria Plating peeling amount Less than 3 g / m 2 : VG (VERY GOOD) 3 g / m 2 or more and less than 6 g / m 2 : G (GOOD) 6 g / m 2 or more and less than 10 g / m 2 : NG (NO GOOD)
- a tensile test was performed by a method based on JIS Z 2241 to obtain a tensile strength.
- the evaluation method of adhesive strength was as follows in the tensile shear test.
- the alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet produced by the above method is cut into a width of 25 mm and a length of 100 mm, and two of them are prepared and bonded to the overlapping part in a state shifted from each other by 12.5 mm in the plate length direction.
- the agent was applied and joined.
- a commercially available epoxy adhesive was used as the adhesive, and it was applied to a 25 mm ⁇ 12.5 mm adhesive surface with a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m.
- the prepared test piece was allowed to stand for 5 hours after refrigeration and then pulled at a rate of 50 m / min in an atmosphere at 0 ° C. to perform a tensile shear test.
- an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having dramatically improved plating adhesion can be provided. Therefore, the present invention has high applicability in the galvanized steel sheet manufacturing industry.
- Fine structure fine crystal grains
- Alloy plating layer 4
- Zn-Fe alloy phase 6
- Base iron part 13 Mixed layer 21 ⁇ phase
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Abstract
Description
[Mn]+[Si]+[Al]+[Cr]≧0.4・・・(式1)
[Mn]+[Si]+[Al]+[Cr]≧0.4・・・(式1)
Cは、鋼の強度を確保するために有効な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が、0.050%未満では、強度向上効果が期待できない。一方、0.5%を超えると、溶接性が劣化し、本発明鋼板の実用性が低下する。そのため、Cの含有量は0.050%以上0.5%以下とする。好ましくは0.100%以上0.4%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の強度を確保するために有効な元素である。また、Mnは、焼鈍時、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する酸化物を形成する元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.01%未満では、添加効果が期待できず、一方、3.00%超では、溶接性が劣化し、本発明鋼板の実用性が低下する。そのため、Mn含有量は0.01%以上3.00%以下とする。好ましくは0.07%以上3.00%以下である。
Siは、鋼の強度を確保する元素である。また、Siは、焼鈍時、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する酸化物を形成する元素である。その効果を得るためには、0.01%以上含有する必要がある。そのため、添加する場合の含有量の下限を0.01%とする。一方、3.00%を超えると、粗大な酸化物が生成して、めっき層が剥離し易くなるので、Si含有量の上限は3.00%とする。好ましくは2.00%である。
Alは、鋼を脱酸する元素である。また、Alは、焼鈍時、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する酸化物を形成する元素である。その効果を得るためには、0.010%以上含有する必要がある。そのため、添加する場合の含有量の下限を0.010%とする。一方、2.00%を超えると、粗大な介在物及び酸化物が生成して、加工性が低下し、また、めっき層が剥離し易くなるので、Al含有量の上限は2.00%とする。高い加工性を確保する観点から、好ましい上限は1.50%である。
Crは、鋼板の加工性、特に、伸びを損なわずに、鋼の強度を確保するために有効な元素である。また、Crは、焼鈍時、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する酸化物を形成する元素である。その効果を得るためには、0.01%以上含有する必要がある。そのため、添加する場合の含有量の下限を0.01%とする。一方、Cr含有量が、2.00%を超えると、粒界偏析により粒界が脆化し、また、合金化速度が遅くなる。そのため、Cr含有量の上限は2.00%とする。好ましい上限は1.50%である。
Mn、Si、Al、及び、Crは、前述したように、いずれも、焼鈍時、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する酸化物を形成する元素である。しかしながら、Mn+Si+Al+Crが0.400%未満であると、酸化物の生成量が充分でなく、鋼板の表面近傍の結晶粒が粗大化して、所望の微細組織が得られない。それ故、Mn+Si+Al+Crは0.400%以上とする。好ましくは0.900%以上である。上限は、特に限定することなく、各元素の上限の和とすればよいが、酸化物の過剰な生成を抑制する点で、6.000%以下が好ましい。
Pは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、鋼板の板厚中央部に偏析して、溶接部を脆化する元素でもある。それ故、含有量を0.100%以下に制限する。好ましくは0.080%以下である。下限は特に限定しないが、強度向上効果を確保する点で、0.001%以上含有することが好ましい。
Sは、Sは、溶接性ならびに鋳造時および熱延時の製造性に悪影響を及ぼす。このことから、Sの含有量の上限値を0.0200%とした。また、SはMnと結びついて粗大なMnSを形成して延性や伸びフランジ性を低下させるため、0.0050%以下とすることが好ましく、0.0025%以下とすることがより好ましい。Sの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Sの含有量を0.0001%未満とすることは製造コストの大幅な増加を伴うため、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Oは、酸化物を形成し、延性および伸びフランジ性を劣化させることから、含有量を抑える必要がある。Oの含有量が0.0100%を超えると、伸びフランジ性の劣化が顕著となることから、O含有量の上限を0.0100%とした。Oの含有量は0.0080%以下であることが好ましく0.0060%以下であることがさらに好ましい。Oの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Oの含有量を0.0001%未満とすることは製造コストの大幅な増加を伴うため、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Nは、粗大な窒化物を形成し、延性および伸びフランジ性を劣化させることから、添加量を抑える必要がある。Nの含有量が0.0100%を超えると、この傾向が顕著となることから、N含有量の範囲を0.0100%以下とした。また、Nは、溶接時のブローホール発生の原因になることから少ない方が良い。Nの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Nの含有量を0.0001%未満にすると、製造コストの大幅な増加を招くことから、0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Tiは、析出物強化、フェライト結晶粒の成長抑制による細粒強化および再結晶の抑制を通じた転位強化にて、被めっき材となる鋼板(母材鋼板)の強度上昇に寄与する元素である。しかし、Tiの含有量が0.150%を超えると、炭窒化物の析出が多くなり成形性が劣化するため、Tiの含有量は0.150%以下であることが好ましい。成形性の観点から、Tiの含有量は0.120%以下であることがより好ましく、0.100%以下であることがさらに好ましい。Tiの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Tiによる強度上昇効果を十分に得るにはTiの含有量は0.005%以上であることが好ましい。母材鋼板の高強度化には、Tiの含有量は0.010%以上であることがより好ましく、0.015%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
Nbは、析出物強化、フェライト結晶粒の成長抑制による細粒強化および再結晶の抑制を通じた転位強化にて、母材鋼板の強度上昇に寄与する元素である。しかし、Nbの含有量が0.150%を超えると、炭窒化物の析出が多くなり成形性が劣化するため、Nbの含有量は0.150%以下であることが好ましい。成形性の観点から、Nbの含有量は0.120%以下であることがより好ましく、0.100%以下であることがさらに好ましい。Nbの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Nbによる強度上昇効果を十分に得るにはNbの含有量は0.005%以上であることが好ましい。母材鋼板の高強度化には、Nbの含有量は0.010%以上であることがより好ましく、0.015%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
Moは高温での相変態を抑制し、高強度化に有効な元素であり、Cおよび/またはMnの一部に代えて添加してもよい。Moの含有量が1.00%を超えると、熱間での加工性が損なわれ、生産性が低下する。このことから、Moの含有量は1.00%以下であることが好ましい。Moの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Moによる高強度化の効果を十分に得るには、Moの含有量は0.01%以上であることが好ましい。
Cuは微細な粒子として鋼中に存在することで強度を高める元素であり、Cおよび/またはMnの一部に替えて添加することができる。Cuの含有量が2.00%を超えると、溶接性が損なわれることから、Cuの含有量は2.00%以下であることが好ましい。Cuの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Cuによる高強度化の効果を十分に得るには、Cuの含有量は0.01%以上であることが好ましい。
Niは高温での相変態を抑制し、高強度化に有効な元素であるため、Cおよび/またはMnの一部に代えて添加してもよい。Niの含有量が2.00%を超えると、溶接性が損なわれることから、Niの含有量は2.00%以下であることが好ましい。Niの含有量の下限は、特に定めることなく本発明の効果は発揮されるが、Niによる高強度化の効果を十分に得るには、Niの含有量は0.01%以上であることが好ましい。
Bは、粒界を強化し、2次加工性を改善する元素であるが、めっき性を劣化させる元素でもある。それ故、上限を0.0100%とする、好ましくは0.0075%である。下限は特に限定しないが、上記改善効果を確保する点で、0.0001%以上が好ましい。
めっき層中のFe含有量が、7.0%未満であると、未合金となり、表面外観が悪いだけでなく、プレス時の耐フレーキング性が劣位となる。一方で、めっき層中のFe含有量が15.0%を超えると、過合金となり、プレス時の耐パウダリング性が劣位となる。そのため、めっき層中のFe含有量(Fe濃度)は7.0%以上、15.0%以下とする。ここでめっき層中のFe含有量とは、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層および、混合層中に存在するZn-Fe合金相の付着量の合計を分母とした場合の、Fe含有割合(質量%)のことを指す。
めっき層中のAl含有量(Al濃度)が0.01%未満であると、鋼板製造時にめっき層中でZn‐Feの合金化反応が過度に進行してしまう。また、めっき層中のAl含有量(Al濃度)が1.00%を超えると、AlによるZn-Fe合金化反応の抑制効果が顕著になることで、Zn-Fe反応を進行させるために、ライン速度を低減させざるを得なくなり、生産性が劣化する。そのため、めっき層中のAl含有量は0.01%以上、1.00%以下とする。
Zn-Fe合金相が存在する結晶粒界を有する微細結晶粒が観察される視野の割合が20%未満の場合、通常の自動車用内板を想定したプレス加工の範囲であればめっき密着性が十分確保できるが、例えば自動車用外板を想定したような、より厳しい曲げ~曲げ戻し加工や摺動加工が加わった場合にはめっき密着性が不足する虞があり、本発明の適用用途が限定される可能性があるため望ましくない。
Zn-Fe合金相の中で、ζ相は、比較的軟質で、上記の酸化物を含有していないので、ある程度の変形能を有している。そのため、めっき層の表層に応力が負荷された際ある程度変形し得る。従って、接着材で他の部材と接着したとき、他の部材との接着が緻密となる。
なお、ζ相が酸化物を含有しない理由は明らかでないが、ζ相は、合金化処理時に生成したものではなく、めっき浴浸漬時に鋼板表面からめっき浴中に溶出したFeと、浴中のZnが反応してζ相を含むZn-Fe合金相として析出したことが考えられる。
第2の昇温工程における昇温速度は特に限定する必要はないが、生産性の観点からは、0.2℃/秒以上、設備能力上限以下であることが望ましい。上述のように740℃までの加熱速度を制御することで、拡散速度が大きいフェライト相内で内部酸化が進行するので変態する前に、後の工程でめっきを行う際に混合層となる領域に酸化物が生成する。そのため、上述した混合層を生成することが出来ると考えられる。
このような昇温速度で加熱を行うことで、めっき層の表層にζ相が形成されやすくなる。
ただし、合金化処理温度が460℃以下の場合には、420℃から合金化処理温度までの平均昇温速度を20℃/秒以上、100℃/秒以下とすればよい。
重研削の条件は、研削量を0.01g/m2~3.00g/m2の範囲とすることが望ましい。研削量が0.01g/m2未満では、重研削によるさらなる地鉄結晶粒微細化効果が発現しない。また研削量が3.00g/m2超では外観に悪影響をおよぼす可能性がある。尚、重研削を施したとしても、重研削によって付与された地鉄の粗度はその後の焼鈍~溶融亜鉛めっきにより平滑化される。すなわち、本願のように混合層が形成されると図1に示すように鋼板のFeが亜鉛めっき中に拡散して鉄-めっき界面がめっき側に移動するので、重研削を施しても鋼板表面の凹凸(粗度)が重研削後のまま保持されることは無い。
また、重研削により鋼板の表面は強いせん断加工を受け塑性変形するので多量の転位が導入され原子の拡散速度が大きくなる。その結果、よりフェライト相内での内部酸化が進行すると考えられる。
表1に示す成分組成の0.4~3.2mmの冷延鋼板をめっき原板とし、縦型の溶融めっきシミュレータを用いて、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を製造した。めっき前の還元焼鈍条件を表2に示す。最高到達温度は800℃、最高到達温度での保定温度は100秒とした。
本発明の条件を満足する例(試験番号1~19、21、22、27~32、35~42、48)では、いずれも耐パウダリング性に優れていた。
また、めっき表層にζ相を有した場合には、より高い接着強度が得られた。
上記の手法で製造した合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を、幅40mm×長さ250mmに切り出し、r=5mmの半丸ビードの金型にてパンチ肩半径5mm、ダイ肩半径5mmで成形高さ65mmに加工した。加工の際、剥離しためっき層を測定し、以下の基準にて評価した。
なお、試験番号45では、不めっきが発生していた。
めっき剥離量:3g/m2未満:VG(VERY GOOD)
3g/m2以上6g/m2未満:G(GOOD)
6g/m2以上10g/m2未満:NG(NO GOOD)
上記の手法で製造した合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を、幅25mm×長さ100mmに切断し、これらを2枚用意して、互いに板長さ方向に12.5mmずらした状態で、重なり合う部分に接着剤を塗布して接合した。
接着材には、市販のエポキシ系接着剤を用い、25mm×12.5mmの接着面に約100μmの厚みで塗布した。作製した試験片を冷蔵後に5時間放置した後、0℃の雰囲気下で50m/分の速度で引っ張ることで、引張せん断試験を行った。破壊するまでの最大荷重を測定し、この最大荷重をせん断面積(接着面積)で割った引張せん断強度で、接着強度を評価した。
評価基準
引張せん断強度:180Kgf/mm2以上:VG
140Kgf/mm2以上180Kgf/mm2未満:G
140Kgf/mm2未満:NG
2 めっき層
3 合金めっき層
4 酸化物
5 Zn-Fe合金相
6 酸化膜
11 地鉄部
13 混合層
21 ζ相
Claims (13)
- 鋼板と、
前記鋼板の表面上のめっき層と、
前記鋼板と前記めっき層との間に形成された混合層と、
を有し;
前記鋼板が、質量%で、
C:0.050%以上、0.50%以下、
Mn:0.01%以上、3.00%以下、
含有し、
さらに、
Si:0.01%以上、3.00%以下、
Al:0.010%以上、2.00%以下、
Cr:0.01%以上、2.00%以下、
の1種又は2種以上を含有し、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.0200%以下、
O:0.0100%以下、
N:0.0100%以下、
Ti:0.150%以下、
Nb:0.150%以下、
Mo:1.00%以下、
Cu:2.00%以下、
Ni:2.00%以下、
B:0.0100%以下、
に制限し、
Mn含有量、Si含有量、Al含有量、Cr含有量をそれぞれ、質量%で、[Mn]、[Si]、[Al]、[Cr]と表したとき、下記式1を満足し、
残部がFe及び不可避的不純物からなり;
前記めっき層が、質量%で、
Fe:7.0%以上、15.0%以下、
Al:0.01%以上、1.00%以下、
を含有し、
残部がZn及び不可避的不純物からなる合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であり;
前記混合層は、0μm超2μm以下の微細結晶粒を有する地鉄部と、Zn-Fe合金相と、Mn、Si、Al及びCrの1種以上を含む酸化物と、を含み;
前記混合層では、前記微細結晶粒をなす結晶粒界に、前記酸化物と、前記Zn-Fe合金相とが存在し、前記Zn-Fe合金相が、前記地鉄部に入り組んでいる;
ことを特徴とする合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
[Mn]+[Si]+[Al]+[Cr]≧0.4・・・(式1) - 前記めっき層の、表面から1μm以下の領域であるめっき層表層領域が、前記酸化物を含まないζ相を含むZn-Fe合金相であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 前記混合層の、前記鋼板の板厚方向に沿った方向の平均厚みが、10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 前記混合層中の前記Zn-Fe合金相が、前記鋼板の板厚方向断面で見たとき、前記めっき層から前記鋼板の板厚中心方向に向かって、V字状に突出した形状をなしていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 前記混合層を、前記混合層と前記めっき層との界面に沿って、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて倍率5000倍で10視野以上観察したとき、前記混合層中の前記Zn-Fe合金相が存在する前記結晶粒界を有する前記微細結晶粒が、全観察視野のうち20%以上の視野で観察されることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 前記混合層中の前記Zn-Fe合金相は、合金化処理時に前記めっき層から浸入した前記Znと前記鋼板中の前記Feとが反応して生成したものであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板。
- 請求項1に記載の成分組成を有する鋼板を、
0.1体積%以上50体積%以下の水素と、残部が窒素及び不可避不純物とからなり、露点が-30℃超20℃以下である雰囲気中で、
650℃~740℃の間の平均昇温速度である第1の昇温速度を、0.2℃/秒以上6℃/秒以下として加熱する第1の昇温工程と;
前記第1の昇温工程の後、前記雰囲気中で、前記鋼板を740℃から、750℃以上900℃以下の焼鈍温度まで加熱する第2の昇温工程と;
前記第2の昇温工程の後、前記鋼板を、前記雰囲気中で、前記焼鈍温度に30秒以上300秒以下滞留させる焼鈍工程と;
前記焼鈍工程の後、前記鋼板を冷却する冷却工程と;
前記冷却工程の後、前記鋼板に溶融亜鉛めっきを行う亜鉛めっき工程と;
前記亜鉛めっき工程の後、前記鋼板に、420℃~550℃の合金化処理温度で合金化処理を行う合金化処理工程と;
を有することを特徴とする合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記合金化処理工程での、合金化処理温度が、420℃以上500℃以下であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- さらに、前記第1の昇温工程の前に、研削量0.01~3.00g/m2という条件で、重研削を行う重研削工程を有することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記冷却工程で、740℃~650℃の間の平均冷却速度が、0.5℃/秒以上であることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記焼鈍工程を、連続式溶融めっき設備の全還元炉で行うことを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき工程で、前記鋼板を、0.01%以上1.00%以下のAlを含んでかつ、430℃以上500℃以下の浴温である亜鉛めっき浴に浸漬することを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記合金化処理工程で、420℃~460℃までの平均昇温速度である第2の昇温速度を、20℃/秒以上100℃/秒以下とし、460℃から前記合金化処理温度までの平均昇温速度である第3の昇温速度を、2℃/秒以上40℃/秒以下とすることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板の製造方法。
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WO2023054705A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | めっき鋼板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5633653B1 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
ES2725310T3 (es) | 2019-09-23 |
EP2944705A4 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
EP2944705B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
MX2015008230A (es) | 2015-10-20 |
CA2895319C (en) | 2017-09-12 |
KR20150088310A (ko) | 2015-07-31 |
PL2944705T3 (pl) | 2019-09-30 |
CN104903485B (zh) | 2017-05-03 |
US9725795B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
BR112015015191A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
EP2944705A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
CA2895319A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
KR101692175B1 (ko) | 2017-01-02 |
CN104903485A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
JPWO2014102901A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
US20150329946A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
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