WO2014067336A1 - 抗肿瘤二价铂配合物以及该配合物和其配体的制备方法 - Google Patents

抗肿瘤二价铂配合物以及该配合物和其配体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2014067336A1
WO2014067336A1 PCT/CN2013/082513 CN2013082513W WO2014067336A1 WO 2014067336 A1 WO2014067336 A1 WO 2014067336A1 CN 2013082513 W CN2013082513 W CN 2013082513W WO 2014067336 A1 WO2014067336 A1 WO 2014067336A1
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ketocyclobutane
complex
platinum
dicarboxylic acid
aqueous solution
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苟少华
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东南大学
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Priority to EP13851191.0A priority Critical patent/EP2913335B1/en
Priority to ES13851191.0T priority patent/ES2629356T3/es
Priority to JP2015545643A priority patent/JP6159818B2/ja
Priority to US14/437,809 priority patent/US9227991B2/en
Publication of WO2014067336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014067336A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/0006Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
    • C07F15/0086Platinum compounds
    • C07F15/0093Platinum compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/282Platinum compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F15/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F15/0006Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
    • C07F15/006Palladium compounds
    • C07F15/0066Palladium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage

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  • the present invention relates to a novel platinum complex for treating cancer and a process for the preparation thereof, and more particularly to an antitumor platinum (ruthenium) complex containing a 3-ketocyclobutane-U-dicarboxylate as a leaving group.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an antitumor platinum (ruthenium) complex and a preparation method thereof, and the complex of the present invention is less toxic than cisplatin and oxaliplatin, particularly a complex GSH-
  • the toxicity of 5 is also less than that of carboplatin; the antitumor activity is generally higher than that of carboplatin, especially the complex GSH-5, its antitumor activity is comparable to that of cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and it also has good water solubility and certain resistance to overcome sexual characteristics are a potentially effective, low-toxic anti-tumor platinum drug.
  • 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate is a leaving group ligand of a platinum complex; and the platinum complex is cis-[ 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate*diammineplatinum ( ⁇ )], abbreviation: GSH-5, chemical structural formula from formula C1):
  • the platinum complex is cis-[3-keto-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate ⁇ trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine platinum ( ⁇ )], abbreviation: GSH-6, chemical structural formula Equation (2) means:
  • the two chiral carbon atoms marked with an * in the trans 1,2-cyclohexanediamine group are in the R configuration or the S configuration.
  • antitumor divalent platinum complex represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2), it is prepared by the following method;
  • a solution of cis-[dihalo-diamine (or diamine) platinum (ruthenium)] is obtained by reacting potassium tetrahalide with potassium or trans 1,2-cyclohexanediamine in an aqueous solution, and then In the absence of light and nitrogen, in aqueous solution, by method A: removal of the halide of [dihalo-diamine (or diamine) platinum ( ⁇ )] using silver ions, the resulting intermediate and 3-ketone ring Alkali-1,1-dicarboxylic acid alkali metal salt to obtain the target product; or by method B: using 3-ketocyclobutane-U-dicarboxylic acid silver salt and [dihalo-diamine (or diamine) Platinum ( ⁇ )] gives the desired product.
  • the alkali metal salt of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate referred to in Process A by one equivalent of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid and two equivalents of MOH or MHC0 3 is obtained by reaction in an aqueous solution, or by reacting an equivalent amount of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid and M 2 C0 3 in an aqueous solution, wherein M is Na + or K + .
  • the silver salt of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate involved in the process consisting of one equivalent of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid and two equivalents of silver nitrate in an aqueous solution Medium reaction preparation.
  • the 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate is a leaving group ligand of the platinum complex, which is prepared by the following reaction scheme:
  • the reaction of acetone, methanol and bromine is brominated by condensation to obtain Ia, followed by la and diisopropyl malonate in sodium hydride.
  • Ib is obtained by the lower ring-forming reaction, then lb is hydrolyzed in a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain Ic, and Ic is acidified with hydrochloric acid to obtain Id, ie, 3-ketocyclobutane-1, 1-dicarboxylic acid;
  • the ligand is 3-ketocyclobutane alkoxy -U- dicarboxylate by one equivalent and two equivalents of MOH Id MHC0 3 or reaction in an aqueous solution, or 2 C0 3 obtained by reaction of equivalent amounts of Id and M in an aqueous solution; wherein M + is Na +, K + .
  • the divalent platinum complex of the present invention has good water solubility, particularly the complex GSH-5, which can be used as a conventional lyophilized powder and an injection preparation.
  • a series of human tumor cells were studied for anticancer activity in vitro using the complex GSH-5 of the present invention and the complex GSH-6, and related IC 5 .
  • the values are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the inhibitory effect of the complex GSH-5 on different tumor cells is close to that of cisplatin to some extent, and some even better than oxaliplatin, and the anticancer effect is much better than carboplatin.
  • the complex GSH-5 also has a significant inhibitory effect on human breast cancer resistant cell MCF-7, and its activity exceeds that of cisplatin.
  • the mouse transplanted tumor animal model was used to examine the inhibitory effects of the complex GSH-5 and the complex GSH-6 on the S180 sarcoma and Heps tumors of the animal transplanted tumor.
  • the relevant data are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.
  • the results in Table 2 show that compared with the model control group, the samples GSH-5 and GSH-6 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of S 180 and the body weight of the experimental animals (P ⁇ 0.05). In comparison, the former was the latter. Has a better anti-tumor growth effect.
  • the results in Table 3 show that compared with the model control group, the sample GSH-5 has a significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth of Heps and the body weight of the experimental animals (PO.01). In comparison, the sample GSH-5 has a higher GSH-6 than the GSH-6. Better anti-tumor growth.
  • the complex of the present invention is less toxic than cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and in particular, the complex GSH-5 is less toxic than carboplatin; the antitumor activity of the complex of the present invention is generally higher than that of carboplatin, especially It is a complex GSH-5 with anti-tumor activity comparable to that of cisplatin and oxaliplatin. It also has good water solubility and certain resistance to drug resistance. It is a potentially effective and low-toxic anti-tumor platinum drug. . detailed description
  • the present invention provides two divalent platinum complexes having effective antitumor biological activity and low toxicity, and 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate is a leaving group ligand of the two platinum complexes;
  • One of the complexes is cis-[3-ketocyclobutane-U-dicarboxylate*diammineplatinum ( ⁇ )] (abbreviation: GSH-5), (1) means:
  • Equation (2) means:
  • the two chiral carbon atoms (labeled with *) in the trans 1,2-cyclohexanediamine group are in the R configuration or the S configuration.
  • the antitumor platinum (ruthenium) complex represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2) of the present invention it is prepared by the following method; firstly, potassium tetrafluoronate and ammonia or trans 1,2-ring The hexamethylene diamine acts in an aqueous solution to obtain a cis-[dihalo-diamine (or diamine) platinum (ruthenium) complex, which is then protected from light and nitrogen in an aqueous solution.
  • Method A Use of silver ions
  • the halide ion of [dihalo-diamine (or diamine) platinum (ruthenium)] is removed, and the obtained intermediate and the alkali metal salt of 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate (sodium salt or potassium salt M)
  • the target product is obtained by the use of the desired product; or by the method B: using a 3-ketocyclobutane-U-dicarboxylic acid silver salt and [dihalo-diamine (or diamine) platinum (ruthenium)] to obtain the target product.
  • the alkali metal 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate referred to in the above Process A can be Na + by one equivalent of 3-ketocyclobutane-U-dicarboxylic acid and two equivalents of MOHCM.
  • K + ) or MHC0 3 CM is Na + , K + ) obtained by reaction in aqueous solution, or may be equivalent to 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid and M 2 C0 3 (M is Na + , K + ) is obtained by reaction in an aqueous solution.
  • the 3-ketocyclobutane-1, 1-dicarboxylic acid silver salt referred to in the above Process B consists of one equivalent of 3-ketocyclobutane-1, 1-dicarboxylic acid and two equivalents of silver nitrate in an aqueous solution. Reaction preparation.
  • the platinum complex prepared by the method of the present invention determines the molecular structure of the compound by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis, and determines the solubility of the compound in water.
  • DACH represents the backbone of trans 1,2-cyclohexanediamine, and cyclobutyl represents cyclobutane.
  • Elemental analysis data (Molecular formula: C 12 H 18 N 2 0 5 Pt): Theoretical value C 30.97%, H 3.90%, N 6.02%, Pt 41.92%; Measured value C 31.02%, H 3.93%, N 6.03%, Pt 41.87%.
  • the solubility of the complex GSH-5 in water was 16 mg/mL, and the solubility of the complex GSH-6 in water was 2 mg/mL.
  • the present invention also provides an efficient process for the preparation of 3-ketocyclobutane-1, 1-dicarboxylate as a leaving group ligand, prepared by the following Scheme A:
  • Id (3- Ketone cyclobutane-U-dicarboxylic acid); ligand (3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate) can pass one equivalent of Id and two equivalents of MOH (M is Na + , K + ) Or MHC0 3 (M is Na + , K + ) is obtained by reaction in an aqueous solution, and can also be obtained by reacting an equivalent of Id and M 2 C0 3 CM as Na + , K + ) in an aqueous solution.
  • the starting material dihalodiamine (or trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine) platinum (ruthenium) is prepared by a known method and has been described in the specification.
  • the cis-diiododiamine platinum (II) (4.83 g, 10 mmol) was suspended in 400 mL of water under nitrogen, and AgN0 3 C 3.40 g, 20 mmol) in 30 mL of aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was incubated at 40 ° C. The reaction was stirred for 12 hours with light, and silver iodide was removed by filtration. A 40 mL aqueous solution of 3- ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (1.58 g, 10 mmol) and NaOH (0.80 g, 20 mmol) or Na 2 CO 3 (1.06 g, 10 mmol) was added to the filtrate.
  • the intermediates la and lb were prepared according to literature procedures.
  • the intermediate lb 15 g was dissolved in 200 mL of ethanol, and 30 mL of an aqueous solution of NaOH (12 g, 0.3 mol) was added.
  • the reaction solution was refluxed for 3 hours, and filtered to give a white solid, which was washed three times with ethanol to give Intermediate Ic.
  • Ligands can be obtained in the following three ways:
  • 3-ketocyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (1.58 g, 10 mmol) was suspended in 100 mL of water in the dark, and added to a solution of AgN0 3 (3.40 g, 20 mmol) in 20 mL of water at room temperature The reaction was stirred for 1-2 hours, filtered, and the white solid crystals were washed with water and dried in vacuo to give 3.41 g.
  • the cytotoxic activity test was carried out on the complex of the present invention and the commonly used anti-cancer platinum drug by the MTT method.
  • MTT method The cell count in the logarithmic growth phase was inoculated into a 96-well culture plate with about 8000-10000 cells per well. After overnight culture, the cells were administered after adherence to the cells, and the administration group, the positive control group and the negative control group were respectively set.
  • the complex to be tested was formulated into a stock solution with a 5% aqueous solution of glucose, and diluted to a series of concentrations using a cell culture medium before use. Three replicate holes are provided for each concentration. After dosing for 48 hours, add 2 ( ⁇ L concentration of 5 mg/mL MTT, incubate at 37 °C for 4 hours, remove the supernatant, add 15 ( ⁇ L of DMSO to dissolve the formazan.
  • MDA-MB-231 human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line BGC823, human hepatoma cell line HepG-2, human erythroleukemia cell K562 human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell ⁇ 4, human large cell lung cancer cell NCI-H460, human liver cancer cell SMMC- 7721) tested
  • the cytotoxic activities of the complexes GSH-5 and GSH-6 were determined by using cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin as positive controls. Since the prepared platinum complex has good water solubility, it is determined by using a sample of 5% glucose solution, and the results are shown in Table 1. Table 1. IC 5 of the complex to some human tumor cells. Value ( ⁇ )
  • mice inoculate solid tumors according to the transplant tumor research method.
  • the rats were weighed 24 hours after inoculation and randomly divided into 7 groups, and 8 rats in each group. 24 hours after inoculation (d the first dose, intravenous administration, once every other day, a total of 4 times, the dosage volume is 0.4ml / 20g.
  • d 1Q On the 10th day after inoculation (d 1Q ) Killing tumor
  • the rats were weighed and the tumor pieces were weighed and the data were statistically processed (t-test).
  • the inhibitory effects of the complexes on mouse transplanted tumor S180 and Heps are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
  • mice 50 clean-type Kunming mice were selected, male and female, weighing 18-22 g, randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 animals in each group and fasting time of 12 hours.
  • the complex GSH-5 and the complex GSH-6 were dissolved in a 5% dextrose solution and divided into 5 doses, and GV was administered to the tail vein of the mice, and each animal received a volume of 0.4 mL/20 g. After 14 days of continuous administration, various symptoms and deaths of the mice were recorded.
  • the experimental results were calculated by the Bliss method, and the LD 5 of the mouse Civ) complex GSH-5 and the complex GSH-6 were measured. Values were 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively (95% confidence limit).

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Abstract

一种用于治疗癌症的含3-酮环丁烷-1,1二羧酸为离去基团的铂配合物及其制备方法,其中,铂配合物其一是顺-[3-酮环丁烷-1,1-二羧酸根·二氨合铂(II)],简称GSH-5,化学结构式由式(1)表示。铂配合物其二是顺-[3-酮-环丁烷-1,1-二羧酸根·反式-1,2-环己二胺合铂(II)],简称GSH-6,化学结构式由式(2)表示。式(2)中,反式1,2-环己二胺基团中标有*号的两个手性碳原子都为R构型或S构型。

Description

抗肿瘤二价铂配合物以及该配合物和其配体的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗癌症的新型铂配合物及其制备方法, 具体地说涉及含 3-酮环丁 烷 -U-二羧酸根为离去基团的抗肿瘤铂 (Π)配合物。 背景技术
自顺铂临床使用以来, 研究者对数千个铂配合物进行了药物筛选, 特别是近二十年 来, 对具有新型构效关系的抗肿瘤铂配合物及其机理进行了大量的研究, 但迄今为止还 没有发现综合性能超过顺铂的铂类药物。 目前顺铂、 卡铂和奥沙利铂等多个抗肿瘤铂类 药物已广泛应用于临床, 不过, 它们在临床使用过程中也表现出较大的毒性和一定的耐 药性, 这些不足在一定程度上限制了这些铂类药物的应用。 在现有铂药物中, 顺铂无疑 具有很强的抗癌活性, 但其毒性也是最大的; 虽然卡铂的毒性远低于顺铂, 但其在许多 肿瘤细胞中表现出的抑制能力令人失望。 鉴于以上, 通过改变或调节顺铂、 卡铂和奥沙 利铂的离去基团或载体配体仍就不失为一个有效的途径来获得高效、 低毒的铂类药物。 发明内容
技术问题: 本发明的目的是提供一种抗肿瘤铂 (Π)配合物及其和配体的制备方法, 本发明的配合物的毒性小于顺铂和奥沙利铂, 特别是配合物 GSH-5的毒性还小于卡铂; 抗肿瘤活性一般高于卡铂, 尤其是配合物 GSH-5, 其抗肿瘤活性与顺铂和奥沙利铂相当, 还具有水溶性好和一定的克服耐药性的特点, 是一种潜在的有效、低毒的抗肿瘤铂药物。
技术方案: 本发明的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物中, 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根为铂配合物 的离去基团配体; 铂配合物其一是顺 -[3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根*二氨合铂 (Π)], 简称: GSH-5 , 化学结构式由式 C1)表 :
Figure imgf000002_0001
式 (1) ;
铂配合物其二是顺 -[3-酮 -1,1-环丁二羧酸根 ·反式 -1,2-环己二胺合铂 (Π)], 简称: GSH-6, 化学结构式由式 (2)表示:
Figure imgf000003_0001
式 (2)中, 反式 1,2-环己二胺基团中标有 *号的两个手性碳原子都为 R构型或 S构型。
对于式 (1)和式 (2)所示的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物, 采用下列方法制备;
首先是由四卤合铂酸钾与氨或反式 1,2-环己二胺在水溶液中作用得到顺- [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (Π)]配合物, 然后在避光通氮气条件下, 于水溶液中, 通过方法 A: 使用银 离子除去 [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (Π)]的卤离子, 所得中间体与 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱 金属盐作用得到目标产物; 或通过方法 B:使用 3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸银盐与 [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (Π)]作用得到目标产物。
所述方法 A中涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱金属盐,通过一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1- 二羧酸和两当量的 MOH或 MHC03在水溶液中反应得到, 或通过等当量的 3-酮环丁浣 -1,1-二羧酸和 M2C03在水溶液中反应得到, 其中, M为 Na+或 K+
所述方法 Β中涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸银盐, 由一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧 酸和两当量的硝酸银在水溶液中反应制备。
抗肿瘤二价铂配合物的配体的制备方法中, 所述 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根为铂配合 物的离去基团配体, 通过下列反应路线 Α制备:
Figure imgf000003_0002
la
Figure imgf000003_0003
lb Ic Id
Figure imgf000003_0004
M+ = Na+, K+
反应路线 A
首先丙酮、 甲醇和溴反应经縮合溴化得到 Ia, 其次 la与丙二酸二异丙酯在氢化钠作 用下成环反应得到 Ib, 然后 lb在氢氧化钠溶液中水解得到 Ic, Ic经盐酸酸化得到 Id 即 3-酮环丁烷 -1 , 1-二羧酸; 配体即 3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸根通过一当量的 Id和两当量的 MOH或 MHC03在水溶液中反应得到, 或通过等当量的 Id和 M2C03在水溶液中反应得 到; 其中 M+为 Na+、 K+
上述反应路线 Α中,中间体 la和 lb的制备已有文献报道,见 J. Fluorine Chem., 2010, 131 , 221和 J. Org. Chem., 1988, 53, 3841。
文献已有两种有关 3-酮环丁烷 -1 , 1-二羧酸制备方法的报道,参见 J. Med. Chem. , 1990, 33, 1905和 《北京工业大学学报》 ,1998, 24, 97。 但与反应路线 A相比, 前者报道的方法 反应路线较长, 涉及氧化和高压催化加氢步骤, 总产率低, 且成本较高; 而后者报道的 方法涉及的原料或中间体为限制性化学品, 且产率仅有 10%, 因而它们都不太适合工业 放大生产。
通过反应路线 A获得的产物经核磁氢谱和高分辨电喷雾质谱及元素分析证实为 3-酮 环丁烷 -U-二羧酸。产物的光谱数据: 1H NMR(D20) δ: 3.702 ppm (s, 4H); ESI-MS: [M-H]" 157.0128 (100%)。元素分析数据 (;分子式: C6H605):理论值 C 45.57%, H 3.82%; 测定值 C 45.59%, H 3.85%。
有益效果: 本发明涉及的二价铂配合物具有较好的水溶性, 特别是配合物 GSH-5 , 可以制成常规的冻干粉和注射液制剂使用。
使用本发明配合物 GSH-5和配合物 GSH-6对一系列人肿瘤细胞进行了体外抗癌活性 研究, 相关的 IC5。值见表 1。 由表 1中的数据可以看出, 配合物 GSH-5对不同肿瘤细胞 的抑制效果不同程度地接近顺铂, 有的甚至优于奥沙利铂, 抗癌效果远优于卡铂。 除对 一般肿瘤细胞表现出与顺铂相当的细胞毒活性外, 配合物 GSH-5还对人乳腺癌耐药细胞 MCF-7具有明显的抑制作用, 活性超过了顺铂。
采用小鼠移植性肿瘤动物模型分别考察了本发明配合物 GSH-5和配合物 GSH-6对动 物移植性肿瘤 S 180 肉瘤和 Heps肿瘤的抑制作用, 相关数据分别见表 2和表 3。 表 2结 果表明, 与模型对照组相比, 样品 GSH-5和 GSH-6对 S 180的肿瘤生长以及实验动物体 重均有显著的抑制作用 (P<0.05 ) ; 比较而言, 前者较后者具有更好的抗肿瘤生长作用。 表 3结果表明, 与模型对照组相比, 样品 GSH-5对 Heps的肿瘤生长以及实验动物体重 均有明显的抑制作用 (PO.01 ) ; 比较而言, 样品 GSH-5较 GSH-6具有更好的抗肿瘤生 长作用。
对本发明的两个铂配合物进行了初步毒性研究, 其中样品 GSH-5小鼠静脉注射给药 急毒的结果为 150 mg/kg, 样品 GSH-6小鼠静脉注射给药急毒的结果为 100 mg/kg。 有 关顺铂、 奥沙利铂和卡铂小鼠 LD5Q的文献值分别为 13.40、 14.63和 139.00 mg/kg (参见 Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology, 1973, 25, 230; 《西北药学杂志》 , 2001 , 16(2), 67; 《浙 江省医学科学院学报》, 1993, 15, 33)。
以上结果表明, 本发明的配合物的毒性小于顺铂和奥沙利铂, 特别是配合物 GSH-5 的毒性还小于卡铂; 本发明的配合物的抗肿瘤活性一般高于卡铂, 尤其是配合物 GSH-5 , 其抗肿瘤活性与顺铂和奥沙利铂相当, 还具有水溶性好和一定的克服耐药性的特点, 是 一种潜在的有效、 低毒的抗肿瘤铂药物。 具体实施方式
本发明提供两个具有有效抗肿瘤生物活性且低毒的二价铂配合物, 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1- 二羧酸根为这两个铂配合物的离去基团配体; 配合物其一是顺 -[3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸根 *二氨合铂 (Π)] (简称: GSH-5), (1)表示:
Figure imgf000005_0001
式 (1) ;
配合物其二是顺 -[3-酮 -1,1-环丁二羧酸根 ·反式 -1,2-环己二胺合铂 (Π)] (简称: GSH-6), 化 学结构式由式 (2)表示:
Figure imgf000005_0002
式 (2),
式 (2)中, 反式 1,2-环己二胺基团中两个手性碳原子 (标有 *号) 都为 R构型或 S构型。
对于制备本发明式 (1)和式 (2)所示的抗肿瘤铂 (Π)配合物, 是采用下列方法制备; 首先 是由四卤合铂酸钾与氨或反式 1,2-环己二胺在水溶液中作用得到顺- [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺) 合铂 (Π)]配合物, 然后在避光通氮气条件下, 于水溶液中, 通过方法 A: 使用银离子除去 [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (Π)]的卤离子,所得中间体与 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱金属盐 (钠 盐或钾盐 M乍用得到目标产物; 或通过方法 B: 使用 3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸银盐与 [二卤 · 二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (Π)]作用得到目标产物。
上述方法 A中涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱金属盐, 可通过一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸和两当量的 MOHCM为 Na+、 K+)或 MHC03CM为 Na+、 K+)在水溶液中反应得 到, 或可通过等当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸和 M2C03(M为 Na+、 K+)在水溶液中反应 得到。 上述方法 B中涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1 , 1-二羧酸银盐, 由一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1 , 1-二羧 酸和两当量的硝酸银在水溶液中反应制备。
按本发明方法制备的铂配合物经核磁氢谱和高分辨电喷雾质谱及元素分析确定了化 合物的分子结构, 并测定了化合物在水中的溶解度。
配合物 GSH-5光谱数据: 1H NMR(d6-DMSO): δ 3.717 (s, 4H, CH2 of cyclobutyl), 4.195 (br, 6H, 2xNH3) ppm; ESI-MS: [M+H]+ =386.02854 (48%), [M+Na]+ =408.01273 (100%)。 元素分析数据 (分子式: C6Hi0N2O5Pt):理论值 C 18.71%, H 2.62%, N 7.27%, Pt 50.64%; 测 定值 C 18.66%, H 2.58%, N 7.29%, Pt 50.60%。
配合物 GSH-6光谱数据: 1H NMR(d6-DMSO): 51.011-1.044 (m, 2H, CH2 of DACH), 1.195-1.232 (m, 2H, CH2 of DACH), 1.445-1.473 (m, 2H, CH2 of DACH), 1.801-1.841(m, 2H, CH2 of DACH), 2.056 (m, 2H, CHNH2), 3.718 (s, 4H, CH2 of cyclobutyl), 5.248 (br, 2Η, NH2): 5.947-5.977(br, 2Η, NH2) ppm; ESI-MS: [Μ+Η]+ = 466..09358 (29%), [M+Na]+ = 488.07568 (100%)。DACH代表反式 1, 2-环己二胺的骨架, cyclobutyl代表环丁烷基。元素分析数据 (分 子式: C12H18N205Pt): 理论值 C 30.97%, H 3.90%, N 6.02%, Pt 41.92%; 测定值 C 31.02%, H 3.93%, N 6.03%, Pt 41.87%。
配合物 GSH-5 在水中的溶解度为 16mg/mL, 配合物 GSH-6 在水中的溶解度为 2mg/mL。
本发明还提供作为离去基团配体的 3-酮环丁烷 -1 , 1-二羧酸根的一种高效制备方法, 通过下列反应路线 A制备:
Figure imgf000006_0001
lb Ic Id
Figure imgf000006_0002
M+ = Na+, K+
反应路线 A
首先丙酮、 甲醇和溴反应经縮合溴化得到 Ia, 其次 la与丙二酸二异丙酯在氢化钠作 用下成环反应得到 Ib, 然后 lb在氢氧化钠溶液中水解得到 Ic, Ic经盐酸酸化得到 Id (3- 酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸); 配体 (3-酮环丁烷 -1 ,1-二羧酸根)可通过一当量的 Id和两当量的 MOH(M为 Na+、 K+)或 MHC03(M为 Na+、 K+)在水溶液中反应得到, 也可通过等当量的 Id和 M2C03CM为 Na+、 K+)在水溶液中反应得到。 本发明由下述实施例得到进一步的说明, 但这些说明并不是限制本发明。 起始物二 卤二氨 (或反式 -1,2-环己二胺)合铂 (Π)均采用公知的方法制备, 已在说明书中说明。
(一)化合物的制备
实施例 1. 配合物 GSH-5的制备 (方法 Α)
在避光通氮气条件下,将顺式-二碘二氨合铂 (II)(4.83g, lOmmol)悬浮于 400mL水中, 加入 AgN03 C3.40g, 20mmol)的 30mL水溶液, 于 40°C避光搅拌反应 12小时, 过滤除去 碘化银。 将 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸 (1.58g, lOmmol)和 NaOH(0.80g,20mmol)或 Na2C03 (1.06g, lOmmol)构成的 40mL水溶液加入到上述滤液中, 于 40 °C避光搅拌反应 24小时, 然后过滤。 将滤液浓縮, 析出大量固体。 过滤, 用水、 乙醇、 乙醚反复洗涤, 真空干燥, 得白色固体 2.51g, 产率 65%。 实施例 2. 配合物 GSH-5的制备 (方法 B)
在避光通氮气条件下, 将顺式-二碘二氨合铂 (II)(0.48g, lmmol)悬浮于 lOOmL水中, 加入 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸银 C0.37g, lmmol), 于 55 °C避光搅拌反应 12小时, 过滤除 去碘化银。将滤液浓縮, 析出大量固体。过滤, 真空干燥, 得白色固体 0.20g, 产率 53%。 实施例 3. 配合物 GSH-6的制备 (方法 A)
在避光通氮气条件下, 将二氯(反式 -1R, 2R-环己二胺)合铂 (Π) (0.38g, lmmol)悬浮 于 lOOmL水中, 加入 AgN03 (0.34g, 2mmol)的 10mL水溶液, 于 40 °C避光搅拌反应 12 小时, 过滤除去氯化银。 将滤液加入到由 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸 (0.16g, lmmol)和 KOH(0.11g, 2mmol) 或 KHC03 (0.20g, 2mmol)构成的 20mL水溶液中, 于 55 °C避光搅拌 反应 24小时, 然后过滤。 将滤液浓縮, 析出大量固体。 过滤, 用水洗涤, 真空干燥, 得 白色固体 0.24g, 产率 51%。 实施例 4. 配合物 GSH-6的制备 (方法 B)
在避光通氮气条件下, 将二氯(反式 -1R, 2R-环己二胺)合铂 (Π) (0.38g, lmmol)悬浮 于 lOOmL水中, 加入 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸银 (0.37g, lmmol), 于 55 °C避光搅拌反应 12小时, 过滤除去氯化银。 将滤液浓縮, 析出大量固体。 过滤, 真空干燥, 得白色固体 0.31g, 产率 66%。 实施例 5. 3-酮 -1,1-环丁二羧酸 (Id)的制备 (反应路线 A)
中间体 la和 lb按文献方法制备。 将中间体 lb 15 g溶于 200 mL乙醇中,加入 30 mL 的 NaOH (12 g, 0.3mol)水溶液, 反应液回流 3 小时, 抽滤得白色固体, 用乙醇洗涤 3次, 得中间体 Ic。
将中间体 Ic溶于 100 mL的 6M盐酸溶液中, 室温搅拌反应过夜。 反应液用 400mL 乙酸乙酯萃取, 有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 然后浓縮至 10 mL左右, 加入 300 mL石油 醚或乙醚, 混合液冷藏过夜, 有淡黄色固体析出。 粗产物用水溶解, 经加热活性炭脱色, 重结晶得白色固体产物 Id, 产率为 89%。 实施例 6. 配体 (3-酮 -1,1-环丁二羧酸根)的制备 (反应路线 A)
配体可通过下述三种方式获得:
(i) 将 Id(1.58g, lOmmol)和 NaOH (0.80g, 20mmol)或 KOH (1.12g, 20mmol)溶于 40mL 水溶液中获得。
(ii) 将 Id(1.58g, lOmmol)和 NaHC03 (1.68g, 20mmol)或 KHC03 (2.00g, 20mmol)溶 于 50mL水溶液中获得。
(iii) 将 Id(1.58g, lOmmol)和 Na2C03 (1.06g, lOmmol)或 K2C03 (1.38g, lOmmol)溶于 50mL水溶液中获得。 实施例 7. 3-酮环丁烷 -U-二羧酸银的制备
在避光条件下, 将 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸 (1.58g, lOmmol)悬浮于 lOOmL水中, 加 入 AgN03 (3.40g, 20mmol)的 20 mL水溶液, 于室温避光搅拌反应 1-2小时, 过滤, 用水 洗涤析出的白色固体, 真空干燥, 得 3.41g, 产率 92%。
(二)配合物的体外细胞毒活性测试
试验例 1.
本试验例采用 MTT方法对本发明的配合物以及临床常用的抗癌铂药物进行了细胞 毒活性测试。
MTT法: 取对数生长期的细胞计数, 接种于 96孔培养板内, 每孔约 8000-10000个 细胞。 过夜培养, 待细胞贴壁后进行给药, 分别设给药组, 阳性对照组和阴性对照组。 待测的配合物用 5%的葡萄糖水溶液配制成贮液, 临用前用细胞培养基稀释成一系列浓 度。 每个浓度设 3个复孔。 加药后培养 48小时, 加 2(^L浓度为 5mg/mL的 MTT, 37 °C 孵育 4小时, 去上清, 加入 15(^L的 DMSO溶解甲瓒。 用酶标仪在 490波长下测定每孔 的 OD值, 并计算抑制率, 做浓度-抑制率曲线计算 IC5Q值。 本试验例采用 MTT法对多种人肿瘤细胞 (人肺癌细胞 A549, 人脐静脉血管内皮细 胞 HUVEC , 人乳腺癌细胞 MCF-7 , 人乳腺癌耐药细胞 MCF-7, 人乳腺癌细胞
MDA-MB-231 , 人胃腺癌细胞 BGC823 , 人肝癌细胞 HepG-2, 人红白血病细胞 K562 人急性早幼粒白血病细胞 ΝΒ4,人大细胞肺癌细胞 NCI-H460,人肝癌细胞 SMMC- 7721 ) 测试了配合物 GSH-5和 GSH-6的细胞毒活性, 以顺铂、 奥沙利铂和卡铂作为阳性对照。 由于制备的铂配合物具有较好的水溶性,故采用样品的 5%葡萄糖溶液测定,结果见表 1 表 1. 配合物对一些人肿瘤细胞的 IC5。值 (μΜ)
Ι¾0(μΜ)
肿瘤细 tffl /胞Jci
GSH-5 GSH-6 顺铂 奥沙利铂 卡铂
A549 36.33 47.53 16.61 70.31 137.42
HUVEC 30.18 68.94 11.24 16.29 101.58
MCF-7 33.43 34.23 32.92 25.71 109.47
MCF-7耐药 20.78 1348.48 32.94 351.35 457.41
MDA-MB-231 31.05 36.33 18.27 29.12 93.29
BGC823 8.82 8.90 5.44 7.92 43.21
HepG2 9.67 31.63 2.11 27.22 99.10
K562 15.43 35.97 10.93 23.628 117.71
NB4 2.18 3.10 1.27 52.82 12.59
NCI-H460 7.45 11.91 nd* 23.08 30.58
52.66
SMMC-7721 10.39 216.50 nd* 32.32
*. 没有测定。
(三)配合物的体内抑瘤作用
试验例 2.
本试验例采用小鼠移植性肿瘤动物模型方法测试了本发明的配合物对动物移植性肿 瘤 S180 肉瘤和 Heps肿瘤的抑制作用。
取 /CR小鼠, 按移植性肿瘤研究法, 接种实体型瘤。 接种后 24小时称鼠重, 并随机 分为 7组, 给药组每组 8只。 于接种 24小时后 (d 第一次给药, 静脉注射给药, 隔天 给药一次, 共给药 4次, 给药体积均为 0.4ml/20g。 于接种后第 10天 (d1Q ) 处死荷瘤小 鼠称重,并分离瘤块称重,所得数据进行统计学处理(t检验)。配合物对小鼠移植瘤 S180 和 Heps的抑制作用分别见表 2和表 3。
表 2. 配合物对小鼠移植瘤 S180抑制作用 ( f ± ^> )
剂量 体重 (g) 动物数 (只) 瘤重 抑瘤率 组 另」 实验 实验 (g) (%)
(mg /kg) 给药前 给药后
开始 终末
模型对照组 23.80±1.33 23.80±1.78 10 10 0.97±0.17
30mg/kg 22.80 ±1.94 18.13±1.76** 10 8 0.07±0.10** 92.80
GSH-5
15mg/kg 19.25±0.66 22.50±1.91* 10 10 0.36±0.15** 62.76
20mg/kg 19.50±2.35 18.60±2.24** 10 10 0.52±0.13** 46.61
GSH-6
lOmg/kg 22.80±1.33 20.60±2.50** 10 10 0.65±0.14** 33.13
*P<0.05与模型对照组比较, **P<0.01与模型对照组比较
表 3. 配合物对小鼠移植瘤 Heps抑制作用 ( f ± ^> )
剂量 体重 (g) 动物数 (只) 瘤重 抑瘤率 组 另」 实验 实验 (g) (%)
(mg /kg) 给药前 给药后
开始 终末
模型对照组 19.75±1.48 27.63±2.83 8 8 1.30±0.45
50mg/kg 19.50±0.71 B.50±0.50** 8 2 0.00** 100
GSH-5
25mg/kg 19.25±0.66 22.13±3.52** 8 8 0.39±0.32** 70.08
50mg/kg 19.50±2.35 - 8 0 - -
GSH-6
25mg/kg 19.B±1.69 18.10±1.10** 8 8 0.84±0.17 35.44
**P<0.01与模型对照组比较 (四)配合物的初步毒性
试验例 3.
选择清洁级昆明种小白鼠 50只, 雌雄各半, 体重 18~22 g, 随机分为 5组, 每组动 物数 10只,禁食时间 12小时。将配合物 GSH-5和配合物 GSH-6用 5%葡萄糖溶液溶解, 分为 5个剂量, 进行小鼠尾静脉注射给药 GV), 每只动物接受容量为 0.4mL/20g。 给药 后连续观察 14天, 记录小鼠各种中毒症状和死亡情况。 实验结果按 Bliss法计算, 测得 小鼠 Civ)配合物 GSH-5和配合物 GSH-6的 LD5。值分别为 150mg/kg和 100mg/kg( 95%的 置信限)。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种抗肿瘤二价铂配合物, 其特征是, 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根为铂配合物的离 去基团配体; 铂配合物其一是顺 -[3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根*二氨合铂 (11)], 简称: GSH- 5, 化学结构式由式 (1)表示:
Figure imgf000012_0001
式 (1) ;
铂配合物其二是顺 -[3-酮 -1,1-环丁二羧酸根 ·反式 -1,2-环己二胺合铂 (11)], 简称: GSH-6, 化学结构式由式 (2)表示:
Figure imgf000012_0002
式 (2),
式 (2)中, 反式 1,2-环己二胺基团中标有 *号的两个手性碳原子都为 R构型或 S构型。
2. 一种如权利要求 1 所述的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物的制备方法, 其特征是, 对于式 (1) 和式 (2)所示的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物, 采用下列方法制备;
首先是由四卤合铂酸钾与氨或反式 1,2-环己二胺在水溶液中作用得到顺- [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (II)]配合物, 然后在避光通氮气条件下, 于水溶液中, 通过方法 A: 使用银 离子除去 [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (II)]的卤离子, 所得中间体与 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱 金属盐作用得到目标产物; 或通过方法 B: 使用 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸银盐与 [二卤 ·二氨 (或二胺)合铂 (II)]作用得到目标产物。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物的制备方法, 其特征是, 所述方法 A中 涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸碱金属盐, 通过一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸和两当量 的 MOH 或 MHC03在水溶液中反应得到, 或通过等当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸和 M2C03在水溶液中反应得到, 其中, M为 Na+或 K+
4. 如权利要求 2所述的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物的制备方法, 其特征是, 所述方法 Β中 涉及的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸银盐, 由一当量的 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸和两当量的硝酸 银在水溶液中反应制备。
5. 一种如权利要求 1 所述的抗肿瘤二价铂配合物的配体的制备方法, 其特征是, 所 述 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根为铂配合物的离去基团配体, 通过下列反应路线 Α制备:
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000013_0003
M+ = Na+, K+
反应路线 A 首先丙酮、 甲醇和溴反应经縮合溴化得到 Ia, 其次 la与丙二酸二异丙酯在氢化钠作 用下成环反应得到 Ib, 然后 lb在氢氧化钠溶液中水解得到 Ic, Ic经盐酸酸化得到 Id 即 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸; 配体即 3-酮环丁烷 -1,1-二羧酸根通过一当量的 Id和两当量的 MOH或 MHC03在水溶液中反应得到, 或通过等当量的 Id和 M2C03在水溶液中反应得 到; 其中 M+为 Na+、 K+
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