WO2014003034A1 - 二次電池用正極、二次電池および二次電池用正極の製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極、二次電池および二次電池用正極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014003034A1 WO2014003034A1 PCT/JP2013/067443 JP2013067443W WO2014003034A1 WO 2014003034 A1 WO2014003034 A1 WO 2014003034A1 JP 2013067443 W JP2013067443 W JP 2013067443W WO 2014003034 A1 WO2014003034 A1 WO 2014003034A1
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a positive electrode for a secondary battery used as a positive electrode constituting a secondary battery, a secondary battery provided with the same, and a method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery.
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode for a secondary battery used for a positive electrode such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery, a secondary battery including the same, and a method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery.
- Batteries are used as a power source for various electric and electronic devices because they perform the action of discharging electric charges or charging and discharging electric charges by utilizing electrochemical changes.
- lithium ion batteries lithium ion polymer batteries, and the like are used as power sources for mobile phones, personal computers, cameras, and the like as secondary batteries with high energy efficiency.
- the positive electrode is formed of a positive electrode active material such as Li 1 + x Mn 2-xy MyO 4 , as described in, for example, JP-A-2003-68282 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1).
- a positive electrode active material slurry prepared by mixing carbon particles, a binder, and a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was applied to an aluminum foil as a current collector, and then dried. It is produced by pressing to a predetermined thickness.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) excellent in chemical resistance and the like is widely used as described in Patent Document 1 and Japanese Translation of PCT International Publication No. 2000-507996 (Patent Document 2). Yes.
- PVDF used as a binder has low heat resistance and may decompose at a temperature of about 75 ° C. Further, even when PVDF having high heat resistance is used, when the temperature exceeds 60 ° C., PVDF swells by absorbing the electrolytic solution, and as a result, peeling of the positive electrode active material may occur. Furthermore, when a lithium ion battery having a positive electrode obtained by binding a positive electrode active material on the surface of an aluminum foil using PVDF is subjected to rapid charge / discharge, the battery is rapidly charged due to the electric resistance of the battery. Due to the heat generated during discharge, the temperature inside the battery rises.
- the positive electrode is deteriorated, the capacity drop is increased, and the capacity is reduced as compared with the case where charge and discharge are repeatedly performed in a low temperature environment. That is, since the positive electrode to which the positive electrode active material is bound using PVDF as the binder is deteriorated by heat, there is a problem that the lithium ion battery including the positive electrode is inferior in heat resistance.
- an object of the present invention is to improve the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery and to increase the heat resistance of the secondary battery, and a secondary battery positive electrode including the same. And the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for secondary batteries is to provide.
- a positive electrode for a secondary battery according to the present invention includes an aluminum material, a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material formed on the surface of the aluminum material, and the aluminum material and the positive electrode active material. And an intervening layer containing aluminum and carbon formed between the layers.
- the lithium-containing metal oxide as the positive electrode active material is preferably LiFePO 4 .
- the intervening layer preferably includes a surface portion including an aluminum carbide formed in at least a partial region of the surface of the aluminum material.
- a secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode for a secondary battery having the characteristics described above.
- the secondary battery of the present invention is preferably either a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery.
- a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer forming step of forming a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material on a surface of an aluminum material, and a hydrocarbon-containing material. And a heating step of heating in a state where an aluminum material in which a positive electrode active material layer is formed is disposed in a space containing the substance.
- the heating step is preferably performed at a temperature of 450 ° C. or higher and lower than 660 ° C.
- the positive electrode active material layer is fixed on the surface of the aluminum material by the intervening layer, and the intervening layer is not deteriorated by the heat generated during the rapid charge / discharge of the secondary battery.
- the rapid charge / discharge characteristics can be improved, and even if the secondary battery is used in a high temperature environment, the intervening layer does not deteriorate, so the heat resistance of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved.
- Example 1 of the present invention In order to observe the intervening layer in the positive electrode for a secondary battery produced in Example 1 of the present invention, the aluminum portion was dissolved using a bromo-methanol mixed solution, and the surface of the remaining intervening layer was scanned with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ) It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging characteristic of a secondary battery provided with the positive electrode for secondary batteries produced in Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging characteristic of a secondary battery provided with the positive electrode for secondary batteries produced by the comparative example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the rapid (2C) charging / discharging characteristic of a secondary battery provided with the positive electrode for secondary batteries after the heating produced in Example 1 of this invention.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of an aluminum material.
- An intervening layer containing aluminum and carbon is formed between the aluminum material and the positive electrode active material layer.
- an intervening layer containing aluminum and carbon formed between the aluminum material and the positive electrode active material layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum material and on the surface of the aluminum material.
- action which improves the adhesiveness between positive electrode active material layers is carried out.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention is used in a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, the secondary battery is heated to a high temperature due to heat generated during rapid charge / discharge of the secondary battery.
- the intervening layer does not deteriorate, so that the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved and the heat resistance of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the electrical resistance of the secondary battery is lowered, and the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the aluminum material used as the base material of the positive electrode for the secondary battery is not particularly limited. Pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used as the aluminum material. Such an aluminum material preferably has an aluminum purity of 98% by mass or more as a value measured according to the method described in “JIS H2111”.
- the aluminum material used in the present invention has a composition of lead (Pb), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), zinc ( Zn alloy, titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), nickel (Ni), and aluminum alloy to which at least one alloy element is added within the necessary range, or the above inevitable It also includes aluminum with limited impurity element content.
- the thickness of the aluminum material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less for a foil, and more than 200 ⁇ m and 3 mm or less for a plate.
- the above-mentioned aluminum material can be manufactured by a known method. For example, a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy having the above predetermined composition is prepared, and an ingot obtained by casting the molten metal is appropriately homogenized. Thereafter, an aluminum material can be obtained by subjecting the ingot to hot rolling and cold rolling. In addition, you may perform an intermediate annealing process at the temperature of 150 to 400 degreeC in the middle of said cold rolling process.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of an aluminum material.
- the lithium-containing metal oxide is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a positive electrode active material constituting a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery.
- This lithium-containing metal oxide is preferably one that is not easily decomposed by heat, hardly changes its property by heat, is stable to heat, and has heat resistance in the heating step described later.
- the lithium-containing metal oxides for example, as a general formula is represented by Li x MO 2, Li x M 2 O 4, Li x MAO 4 or the like.
- M is one or more transition metal elements, such as Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, and the like.
- A is P, Si, S, V or the like.
- the lithium-containing metal oxide used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the composition or crystal structure does not change in the heating step.
- LiMPO 4 , LiM 2 O 4 and the like can be exemplified, and further LiFePO 4. It is more preferable that
- M is one or more transition metal elements, and examples thereof include Co, Ni, Mn, and Fe.
- the shape of the lithium-containing metal oxide is not particularly limited.
- the lithium-containing metal oxide is preferably contained in the positive electrode active material layer in a form in which the surface is not coated with carbon in terms of adhesion, conductivity, and high capacity.
- the lithium-containing metal oxide may be contained in the positive electrode active material layer in a form in which the surface is coated with carbon.
- the particle size of the lithium-containing metal oxide is not particularly limited, but may be 0.001 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably 0.001 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of improving electrical characteristics.
- the positive electrode active material layer only needs to be formed on at least one surface of the aluminum material, and may be formed on both surfaces.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less on one side, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Since adhesion with a material can be secured, it is more preferable. Further, the positive electrode active material layer may be formed on the entire surface of the aluminum material, but depending on the application to be finally applied, a portion where the positive electrode active material layer is not formed may be provided on a part of the aluminum material. Good (for example, when it is desired to provide a portion where the positive electrode active material layer is not formed in order to connect the terminal to the end of the aluminum material).
- the positive electrode active material layer constituting the positive electrode for the secondary battery of the present invention is heated by the heating step described later.
- Carbides presumed to have changed from the above binder are included. In this case, since the above-mentioned carbide plays a role as a conductive material, the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer can be increased.
- the positive electrode active material layer may appropriately include other components, for example, carbon-containing particles acting as another active material, a surfactant, a viscosity modifier, a metal powder, and the like as necessary.
- the type of carbon-containing particles is not particularly limited.
- the carbon-containing particles for example, activated carbon fiber, activated carbon cloth, activated carbon felt, activated carbon powder, black ink, carbon black, or graphite may be used.
- carbon compounds, such as silicon carbide can also be suitably used as the carbon-containing particles.
- an intervening layer containing aluminum and carbon is formed between the aluminum material and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the intervening layer is preferably formed in at least a part of the surface of the aluminum material, and contains an aluminum carbide, for example, Al 4 C 3 . Due to the presence of this intervening layer, the positive electrode active material layer is firmly adhered to the aluminum material.
- the plurality of intervening layers may be formed in an island shape at intervals from each other on the surface of the aluminum material, or may be formed in an island shape adjacent to each other.
- the size of the intervening layer is not particularly limited.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention having the above-described features is used for constituting a secondary battery.
- Examples of the secondary battery in which the positive electrode for the secondary battery of the present invention is used include a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery.
- the secondary battery provided with the positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention can maintain stable rapid charge / discharge characteristics and can increase the life of the secondary battery.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of the aluminum material.
- the aluminum material on which the positive electrode active material layer is formed is heated on the aluminum material on the surface of the aluminum material by performing a heating step in which the aluminum material is disposed in the space containing the hydrocarbon-containing material.
- a positive electrode active material layer containing a lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of an aluminum material.
- a lithium-containing metal oxide is deposited on the surface of the aluminum material.
- this positive electrode active material layer forming step there is no particular limitation on the method of attaching a lithium-containing metal oxide as the positive electrode active material on the surface of the aluminum material.
- a method is adopted in which lithium-containing metal oxide particles or lithium-containing metal oxide particles and a binder are dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, and this slurry is applied onto the surface of an aluminum material.
- the application method in this case is not particularly limited.
- the coating method for example, a spin coating method, a bar coating method, a flow coating method, a dip coating method, or the like can be used.
- adhesion methods methods such as an extrusion method can be employed.
- the type of solvent that can be used is not particularly limited.
- the solvent for example, aromatics such as toluene, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, water and the like can be used.
- the volume of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol is 6: 3: 1.
- a mixed solvent mixed at a ratio can be used.
- the amount of the solvent in the slurry is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the solvent is in the range of 1 g to 200 g with respect to 30 g of the lithium-containing metal oxide particles dispersed in the solvent.
- the type of binder that can be used is not particularly limited.
- a resin having a cyclic structure such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy or aromatic (for example, phenol), an acrylic resin or the like can be used, and in particular, a polyvinyl butyral resin.
- the amount of the binder in the slurry is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the binder is in the range of 0.1 to 100 g (solid content) with respect to 30 g of the lithium-containing metal oxide particles dispersed in the solvent.
- the positive electrode active material layer forming step may include a drying step of drying the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the aluminum material.
- the drying step may be performed by heating.
- the heating temperature in a drying process is not specifically limited, For example, 10 to 150 degreeC, More preferably, 50 to 150 degreeC is preferable. In this case, it is preferable to dry the positive electrode active material layer uniformly.
- drying time changes with kinds of the solvent and binder used for making a positive electrode active material adhere 30 seconds or more and 5 hours or less are preferable.
- the heating temperature in the drying step is less than 10 ° C.
- the binder does not adhere and the positive electrode active material layer may peel off from the surface of the aluminum material.
- the solvent remains without being sufficiently evaporated, and the solvent is rapidly evaporated during heating in the subsequent heating step. There is a possibility that bubbles (bubbling) may occur in the positive electrode active material layer.
- the heating temperature in a drying process exceeds 400 degreeC, there exists a possibility that the crack resulting from rapid heating may arise in the surface of a positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material layer should just be formed in the at least one surface of the aluminum material.
- the density of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited. However, when the density of the positive electrode active material layer exceeds a predetermined range, the electrical characteristics of the positive electrode active material layer may be deteriorated. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the density of the positive electrode active material layer within a predetermined range by appropriately performing a pressing step.
- the pressing step may be performed at any stage as long as the positive electrode active material layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum material, but the adhesion between the aluminum material and the positive electrode active material layer is performed before the heating step described later. Is preferable in that it is further improved.
- the density of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably 1 g / cm 3 to 3 g / cm 3 .
- an oxidation heating step of heating the aluminum material on which the positive electrode active material layer is formed in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air may be performed.
- an oxidation heating step of heating the aluminum material on which the positive electrode active material layer is formed in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air.
- the aluminum material on which the positive electrode active material layer is formed is heated in a state where the aluminum material is disposed in the space containing the hydrocarbon-containing material, so that the intervening layer containing aluminum and carbon becomes the aluminum material. And the positive electrode active material layer.
- the type of hydrocarbon-containing material used in the heating step is not particularly limited.
- the hydrocarbon-containing material include paraffinic hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane and pentane, olefinic hydrocarbons such as ethylene, propylene, butene and butadiene, and acetylenes such as acetylene.
- examples thereof include hydrocarbons and derivatives of these hydrocarbons.
- paraffinic hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and propane are preferable because they are gaseous in the heating process. More preferred is any one of methane, ethane and propane. The most preferred hydrocarbon is methane.
- the hydrocarbon-containing substance may be used in any state such as liquid or gas in the production method of the present invention.
- the hydrocarbon-containing material may be present in the space where the aluminum material is present, and may be introduced into the space where the aluminum material is disposed by any method.
- the hydrocarbon-containing substance is gaseous (methane, ethane, propane, etc.)
- the hydrocarbon-containing substance may be filled alone or together with an inert gas in a sealed space where the heating step is performed.
- the hydrocarbon-containing substance is a liquid
- the hydrocarbon-containing substance may be filled alone or together with an inert gas so as to be vaporized in the sealed space.
- the pressure of the heating atmosphere is not particularly limited, and may be normal pressure, reduced pressure, or increased pressure. Further, the pressure adjustment may be performed at any time during the temperature rise to a certain heating temperature or during the temperature lowering from the certain heating temperature while the pressure is maintained at a certain heating temperature.
- the mass ratio of the hydrocarbon-containing substance introduced into the space where the heating step is performed is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less in terms of carbon with respect to 100 parts by mass of aluminum, In particular, 0.5 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less are preferable.
- the heating temperature may be appropriately set according to the composition of the aluminum material to be heated, but is usually preferably 450 ° C. or higher and lower than 660 ° C., more preferably 530 ° C. or higher and 640 ° C. or lower.
- heating the aluminum material at a temperature lower than 450 ° C. is not excluded, and the aluminum material may be heated at a temperature exceeding at least 300 ° C.
- the heating time depends on the heating temperature and the like, it is generally 1 hour to 100 hours.
- the oxygen concentration in the heating atmosphere is preferably 1.0% by volume or lower.
- the heating temperature is 400 ° C. or higher and the oxygen concentration in the heating atmosphere exceeds 1.0% by volume, the thermal oxide film on the surface of the aluminum material may be enlarged, and the surface resistance value of the aluminum material may increase.
- the surface of the aluminum material may be roughened before the heating step.
- the surface roughening method is not particularly limited, and known techniques such as cleaning, etching, blasting and the like can be used.
- the positive electrode active material layer including the lithium-containing metal oxide as the positive electrode active material is adhered on the surface of the aluminum material to form the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material layer can be fixed on the surface of the aluminum material by a simple method of heating the material in a state where the material is disposed in a space containing the hydrocarbon-containing material.
- the intervening layer contributing to the fixation of the positive electrode active material layer on the surface of the aluminum material is the intervening layer even if the secondary battery is used in a high temperature environment due to heat generated during rapid charge / discharge of the secondary battery. Since the battery does not deteriorate, the heat resistance of the secondary battery can be improved.
- the electrical resistance of the secondary battery is lowered, and the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved.
- a positive electrode for a secondary battery using an aluminum material (aluminum foil) as a base material was produced.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air: 400 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder, and toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and isopropyl alcohol as a solvent was mixed at a volume ratio of 6: 3: 1 so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles and binder was 80:20, and the above mixed solvent was added as appropriate to prepare a slurry.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles thermal decomposition temperature in air: 400 ° C. or higher
- polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder
- toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and isopropyl alcohol as a solvent was mixed at a volume ratio of 6: 3: 1 so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles and binder was 80
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at an application amount of 6.2 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then 120 ° C. in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 3 minutes and drying.
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of the back surface of the intervening layer exposed by removing the aluminum material from the intervening layer toward the positive electrode active material layer.
- the magnification of the photograph is 10,000 times.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was measured by measuring the thickness of the positive electrode for secondary batteries using a micrometer, and the thickness of the aluminum foil was determined from the thickness. It was 40 ⁇ m when calculated by subtracting the minutes.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air: 400 ° C. or more) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), acetylene black particles, and a solvent as a binder N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was blended so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles, binder, and acetylene black particles was 86: 7: 7, and the above solvent was added as appropriate to prepare a slurry. .
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having the same composition as that used in Example 1 by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 6.2 mg / cm 2 (in terms of mass after drying), and then dried in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (one side) of the aluminum foil by holding at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes and drying.
- the aluminum foil having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was further dried by heating to completely evaporate the solvent.
- the aluminum foil having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof is punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 15.5 mm, and the density of the positive electrode active material layer (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) is 1.7 g / cm. Pressed to 3
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 40 ⁇ m.
- Lithium foil manufactured by Honjo Metal Co., Ltd.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving at a mol / liter ratio manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.
- paper TF4050 manufactured by Nippon Kogyo Paper Industries Co., Ltd.
- the secondary batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were configured by being housed in an HS flat cell (Keihin Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the voltage (rate condition) of the portion where the voltage is flat (flat portion) in the discharge curves of FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown in Table 1 below for 0.1 C and 2 C, respectively.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared with respect to the value of polarization A under rate condition 2C, according to Table 2, the value of polarization A in Example 1 is smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, so that the secondary of Example 1 It can be seen that the battery has a lower resistance than the secondary battery of Comparative Example 1.
- the secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 using the positive electrode containing acetylene black particles as the carbon-containing particles was used. It can be seen that better electrical characteristics can be obtained compared to the secondary battery. The reason for this is considered that the binder carbonized in the heating step uniformly coats the surface of the positive electrode active material particles.
- Example 1 is low resistance compared with Comparative Example 1, when the secondary battery of Example 1 was produced and rapid charge / discharge was repeated, heat generated by rapid charge / discharge (due to electrical resistance) Therefore, it is expected that deterioration of the secondary battery due to heat can be suppressed.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the rapid (2C) charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery of Example 1 manufactured using the positive electrode for a secondary battery (after heating).
- FIG. 4 shows the rapid (2C) of the secondary battery obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- the results of charge / discharge characteristics are shown in FIG.
- Table 3 below shows the voltage (after heating) of the portion (flat portion) where the voltage is flat in the discharge curves (2C) of FIG. 4 and FIG.
- Example 1 produced using the voltage (flat part) of the portion where the voltage is flat (flat portion) in the discharge curves (2C) of FIGS. 2 and 3 (positive electrode for secondary battery (before heating)).
- the flat portion voltage at 2C in Table 1 is also shown in Table 3 below.
- Example 1 A comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 regarding the difference in polarization A between the secondary battery using the positive electrode for the secondary battery before heating and the secondary battery using the positive electrode for the secondary battery after heating is as follows. According to No. 4, since the value of the difference in polarization A in Example 1 is smaller than that in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the secondary battery in Example 1 has better heat resistance than the secondary battery in Comparative Example 1. .
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher
- polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder
- aluminum powder aluminum powder
- toluene and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent
- a mixed solvent in which methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol are mixed at a volume ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is blended so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles, binder and aluminum powder is 88: 5: 7,
- the above mixed solvent was appropriately added to prepare a slurry.
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 10.5 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then in a drying oven at 80 ° C.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 3 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 1.94 g / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- Example 2 In the positive electrode for secondary battery of the present invention obtained in Example 2, when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 54 ⁇ m.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (a thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher) as lithium-containing metal oxide as a positive electrode active material, and a 1: 2 weight ratio of ethyl cellulose resin and phenol resin as binder
- the mixed binder, and a mixed solvent obtained by mixing toluene and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent in a volume ratio of 1: 1 are blended so that the mass ratio of the lithium iron phosphate particles and the binder is 85:15, and the above mixed solvent Was appropriately added to prepare a slurry.
- This slurry was applied to the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 5.4 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then dried at 70 ° C. in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 5 minutes and drying.
- the density (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) of the positive electrode active material layer after coating was 1.54 mg / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- Example 3 when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 35 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 ⁇ Positive electrode active material layer forming step> Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinyl alcohol resin as a binder, and water and isopropyl alcohol as a solvent are 1: A mixed solvent mixed at a volume ratio of 1 was blended so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles and binder was 80:20, and the above mixed solvent was added as appropriate to prepare a slurry.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles thermo decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher
- polyvinyl alcohol resin as a binder
- water and isopropyl alcohol as a solvent are 1:
- a mixed solvent mixed at a volume ratio of 1 was blended so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles and binder was 80:20, and the above mixed solvent was added as
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at an application amount of 5.1 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then 120 ° C. in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 5 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 1.83 g / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- Example 4 In the positive electrode for secondary battery of the present invention obtained in Example 4, when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 28 ⁇ m.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder, aluminum powder, and toluene and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent
- a mixed solvent in which methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol are mixed at a volume ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is blended so that the mass ratio of lithium iron phosphate particles, binder and aluminum powder is 88: 5: 7,
- the above mixed solvent was appropriately added to prepare a slurry.
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 14.0 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then in a drying oven at 80 ° C.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 3 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 2.03 g / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- Example 5 when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 69 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Positive electrode active material layer forming step> Spinel lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air of 350 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinyl butyral resin as a binder, and toluene and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent
- a mixed solvent in which methyl isobutyl ketone and isopropyl alcohol are mixed at a volume ratio of 7: 1: 1: 1 is blended so that the mass ratio of the lithium manganate particles to the binder is 80:20, and the above mixed solvent is appropriately added.
- a slurry was prepared.
- This slurry was applied onto the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 7.0 mg / cm 2 (converted in terms of mass after drying), and then 80 ° C. in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 3 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 2.12 g / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- the intervening layer was formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer by holding the aluminum foil having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof in a methane gas atmosphere at a temperature of 615 ° C. for 15 hours. Thereafter, an aluminum foil having a positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 15.5 mm.
- Example 6 when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 33 ⁇ m.
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having a purity of 99.85% by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 6.8 mg / cm 2 (in terms of mass after drying), and then dried at 50 ° C. in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at the temperature of 3 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated from the coating amount and thickness) was 2.20 g / cm 3 .
- the aluminum foil with the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface was heated and dried in an air atmosphere. By this drying, it is possible to promote the decomposition of a certain amount of binder and adjust the amount of binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer. As a result, a gap is formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer in the heating process, which is a subsequent process, and methane gas easily penetrates and an intervening layer is easily formed. After the heating process, the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material are formed. Adhesion between the layers is improved.
- the intervening layer was formed between the aluminum foil and the positive electrode active material layer by holding the aluminum foil having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof in a methane gas atmosphere at a temperature of 615 ° C. for 15 hours. Thereafter, an aluminum foil having a positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 15.5 mm.
- Example 7 In the positive electrode for secondary battery of the present invention obtained in Example 7, when the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 31 ⁇ m.
- Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air of 400 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), acetylene black (AB) particles as a binder, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was mixed as a solvent, and the above solvent was added as appropriate to prepare a slurry.
- the blending ratio of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) particles, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and acetylene black (AB) particles was the slurry blending ratio shown in Table 5 below.
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having the same composition as that used in Example 1 at the application amount shown in Table 5 (in terms of mass after drying) by the doctor blade method, and then in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (single side) of the aluminum foil by holding at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes and drying.
- the positive electrode active material layer was pressed so that the density (calculated from the coating amount and thickness) was 1.77 g / cm 3 to 2.07 g / cm 3 , and the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface.
- the aluminum foil was punched into a disk shape having a diameter of 15.5 mm. Specific densities of the positive electrode active material are as shown in Table 5.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. As shown in Table 5, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 25 ⁇ m to 54 ⁇ m. Met.
- LiMn 2 O 4 Spinel-type lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) particles (thermal decomposition temperature in air of 350 ° C. or higher) as a lithium-containing metal oxide that is a positive electrode active material, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), acetylene black particles as a binder, and As a solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was blended so that the mass ratio of lithium manganate particles, binder and acetylene black particles was 90: 5: 5, and the above solvent was added as appropriate to prepare a slurry. did.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having the same composition as that used in Example 1 by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 6.2 mg / cm 2 (in terms of mass after drying), and then dried in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (one side) of the aluminum foil by holding at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes and drying.
- the aluminum foil having the positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface thereof was pressed so that the density of the positive electrode active material layer (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 2.14 g / cm 3. Punched into a 5 mm disk.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated by the same method as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 29 ⁇ m.
- Lithium nickel metal cobalt oxide (LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 ) particles thermal decomposition temperature in air of 300 ° C. or higher
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- acetylene black particles and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- acetylene black particles and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- This slurry was applied on the surface of an aluminum foil having the same composition as that used in Example 1 by a doctor blade method at a coating amount of 5.5 mg / cm 2 (in terms of mass after drying), and then dried in a drying oven.
- the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface (one side) of the aluminum foil by holding at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes and drying.
- the aluminum foil on which the positive electrode active material layer was formed on the surface was pressed so that the density of the positive electrode active material layer (calculated value from the coating amount and thickness) was 2.20 g / cm 3. Punched into a 5 mm disk.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer was 25 ⁇ m.
- the obtained positive electrode material was heated and dried in a vacuum drying furnace to completely evaporate moisture.
- Lithium foil manufactured by Honjo Metal Co., Ltd.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- HS The secondary batteries of Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 were configured by being housed in a flat cell (Keihin Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 Using the secondary batteries of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, respectively, under conditions of low speed (low rate) to rapid (high rate)
- the charging rate is 0.5 C to 20 C
- Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 is 0.5 C to 2 C
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 is 0.5 C to 5 C.
- a discharge test was conducted. The upper limit voltage during charging / discharging was 4.2V, and the lower limit voltage was 2.0V.
- FIG. 6 shows the discharge curves at 20C of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and
- FIG. 7 shows the discharge curves at 2C of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the discharge rate of the secondary battery obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 and the average discharge voltage, and the discharge rate and average discharge of the secondary battery obtained in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 9 shows the result of the relationship with the voltage
- FIG. 10 shows the result of the relationship between the discharge rate and the average discharge voltage of the secondary batteries obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Example 4.
- the positive electrode containing acetylene black particles was used as the carbon-containing particles. It can be seen that better electrical characteristics can be obtained as compared with the secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 2 and 3. The reason for this is considered that the binder carbonized in the heating step uniformly coats the surface of the positive electrode active material particles.
- Example 2 When comparing Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 with respect to the value of the average discharge voltage under the rate condition 20C, according to FIG. 8 and Table 6, the value of the average discharge voltage in Example 2 is higher than that of Comparative Example 2, and Table 7 Therefore, since the polarization in Example 2 is smaller than that of Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the secondary battery of Example 2 has a lower resistance than the secondary battery of Comparative Example 2.
- Example 3 When comparing Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 with respect to the value of the average discharge voltage in the rate condition 2C, according to FIG. 9 and Table 8, the value of the average discharge voltage in Example 3 is higher than that of Comparative Example 3, and Table 9 Therefore, since the polarization in Example 3 is smaller than that of Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that the secondary battery of Example 3 has a lower resistance than the secondary battery of Comparative Example 3.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 6 and Example 7 and Comparative Example 7 the secondary batteries were similarly prepared and the charge / discharge characteristics were confirmed. In each case, it was confirmed that the Examples had lower resistance. It was done.
- Examples 2 to 4, 6, and 7 have lower resistance than Comparative Examples 2 to 4, 6, and 7, secondary batteries of Examples 2 to 4, 6, and 7 were manufactured and repeated rapid charging and discharging. If performed, heat generation (heat generated due to electrical resistance) caused by rapid charge / discharge is suppressed, so that it is expected that deterioration of the secondary battery due to heat can be suppressed.
- FIG. 11 shows the change in discharge capacity (capacity maintenance ratio) with respect to the number of cycles in Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 when the initial discharge capacity is 100%.
- Example 5 and Comparative Example 5 are compared with respect to changes in the discharge capacity with respect to the number of cycles, according to FIG. 11, the decrease in the discharge capacity according to Example 5 is smaller than that of Comparative Example 5. Therefore, the secondary battery of Example 5 This shows that the secondary battery of Comparative Example 5 has better heat resistance.
- Example 6 and Comparative Example 6 Example 7 and Comparative Example 7, the secondary battery was similarly produced, the heat resistance test B was performed, and the heat resistance of the secondary battery was confirmed. It was confirmed that Examples 6 and 7 were superior in heat resistance.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention to form a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery, the rapid charge / discharge characteristics of the secondary battery can be improved. It becomes possible to improve the heat resistance of the secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一つの実施形態として、二次電池用正極の断面構造では、アルミニウム材の表面上に、正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層が形成されている。アルミニウム材と正極活物質層との間には、アルミニウムと炭素を含む介在層が形成されている。
本発明の一つの実施の形態として、二次電池用正極の基材として用いられるアルミニウム材は特に限定されない。アルミニウム材としては、純アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金を用いることができる。このようなアルミニウム材は、アルミニウム純度が「JIS H2111」に記載された方法に準じて測定された値で98質量%以上のものが好ましい。本発明で用いられるアルミニウム材は、その組成として、鉛(Pb)、珪素(Si)、鉄(Fe)、銅(Cu)、マンガン(Mn)、マグネシウム(Mg)、クロム(Cr)、亜鉛(Zn)、チタン(Ti)、バナジウム(V)、ガリウム(Ga)、ニッケル(Ni)およびホウ素(B)の少なくとも1種の合金元素を必要範囲内において添加したアルミニウム合金、または、上記の不可避的不純物元素の含有量を限定したアルミニウムも含む。アルミニウム材の厚みは、特に限定されないが、箔であれば5μm以上200μm以下、板であれば200μmを越え3mm以下が好ましい。
本発明の二次電池用正極においては、アルミニウム材の表面上に、正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層が形成されている。
本発明の二次電池用正極においては、アルミニウム材と正極活物質層との間に、アルミニウムと炭素を含む介在層が形成されている。
上述の特徴を有する本発明の二次電池用正極は、二次電池を構成するために用いられる。本発明の二次電池用正極が用いられる二次電池としては、リチウムイオン電池またはリチウムイオンポリマー電池等を挙げることができる。本発明の二次電池用正極を備えた二次電池は、安定した急速充放電特性を維持し、二次電池の寿命を高めることができる。
本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法において、正極活物質層形成工程では、アルミニウム材の表面上に、正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層を形成する。正極活物質層形成工程の後に、正極活物質層が形成されたアルミニウム材を、炭化水素含有物質を含む空間に配置した状態で、加熱する加熱工程を行なうことにより、アルミニウム材の表面上にアルミニウムと炭素を含む介在層を介して正極活物質層が形成された二次電池用正極を得ることができる。
本発明に従った二次電池用正極の製造方法の一つの実施の形態においては、まず、アルミニウム材の表面上に正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層を形成するために、リチウム含有金属酸化物をアルミニウム材の表面上に付着させる。
正極活物質層形成工程の後で、正極活物質層が形成されたアルミニウム材を、炭化水素含有物質を含む空間に配置した状態で、加熱することにより、アルミニウムと炭素を含む介在層がアルミニウム材と正極活物質層との間に形成される。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度:400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール系樹脂、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールを6:3:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーの質量比率が80:20になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて630℃の温度で20時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜き、正極活物質層の密度(塗布量と厚みからの算出値)が1.7g/cm3になるようにプレス加工した。
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度:400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、アセチレンブラック粒子、および、溶媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーとアセチレンブラック粒子の質量比率が86:7:7になるように配合し、上記の溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
実施例1と比較例1の二次電池用正極を用いて次のようにして二次電池を作製した。
<充放電試験>
実施例1と比較例1のそれぞれの二次電池を用いて0.1C(低速:低レート)と2C(急速:高レート)の条件で充放電試験を行った。充放電時の上限電圧を4.2V、下限電圧を2.0Vとした。実施例で得られた二次電池の充放電特性の結果を図2、比較例1で得られた二次電池の充放電特性の結果を図3に示す。
上記の実施例1と比較例1で作製された二次電池用正極(加熱前)のそれぞれを200℃の温度で12時間保持することにより、二次電池用正極(加熱後)を作製した。得られた実施例1と比較例1の二次電池用正極(加熱後)を用いて、上記と同様にして二次電池を作製した。実施例1と比較例1のそれぞれの二次電池を用いて2C(急速:高レート)の条件で充放電試験を行った。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール系樹脂、アルミニウム粉末、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンとメチルイソブチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールを7:1:1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーとアルミニウム粉末の質量比率が88:5:7になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて630℃の温度で20時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度400℃以上)、バインダーとしてエチルセルロース系樹脂およびフェノール系樹脂の1:2の重量比で混合した混合バインダー、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンを1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーの質量比率が85:15になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて615℃の温度で12時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルアルコール系樹脂、および、溶媒として水とイソプロピルアルコールを1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーの質量比率が80:20になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて630℃の温度で20時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール系樹脂、アルミニウム粉末、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンとメチルイソブチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールを7:1:1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、リン酸鉄リチウム粒子とバインダーとアルミニウム粉末の質量比率が88:5:7になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて630℃の温度で20時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてスピネル型マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度350℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール系樹脂、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンとメチルイソブチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールを7:1:1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、マンガン酸リチウム粒子とバインダーの質量比率が80:20になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて615℃の温度で15時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
<正極活物質層形成工程>
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム(LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度300℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリビニルブチラール系樹脂、および、溶媒としてトルエンとメチルエチルケトンとメチルイソブチルケトンとイソプロピルアルコールを7:1:1:1の体積比率で混合した混合溶媒を、ニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム粒子とバインダーの質量比率が80:20になるように配合し、上記の混合溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔をメタンガス雰囲気中にて615℃の温度で15時間保持することにより、アルミニウム箔と正極活物質層との間に介在層を形成した。その後、正極活物質層が表面に形成されたアルミニウム箔を、直径が15.5mmの円板状に打ち抜いた。
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてリン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度400℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、アセチレンブラック(AB)粒子、および、溶媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を混合し、上記の溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調整した。リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)粒子とポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とアセチレンブラック(AB)粒子との配合比率を以下の表5に示すスラリー配合比とした。
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてスピネル型マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度350℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、アセチレンブラック粒子、および、溶媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を、マンガン酸リチウム粒子とバインダーとアセチレンブラック粒子の質量比率が90:5:5になるように配合し、上記の溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質であるリチウム含有金属酸化物としてニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム(LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)粒子(空気中における熱分解温度300℃以上)、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、アセチレンブラック粒子、および、溶媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を、ニッケルマンガンコバルト酸リチウム粒子とバインダーとアセチレンブラック粒子の質量比率が90:5:5になるように配合し、上記の溶媒を適宜加え、スラリーを調製した。
実施例2~5と比較例2~5の二次電池用正極を用いて次のようにして二次電池を作製した。
<充放電試験>
実施例2と比較例2、実施例3と比較例3、実施例4と比較例4のそれぞれの二次電池を用いて、低速(低レート)から急速(高レート)の条件で、具体的には、実施例2と比較例2では0.5Cから20C、実施例3と比較例3では0.5Cから2C、実施例4と比較例4では0.5Cから5Cの放電レート条件で充放電試験を行った。充放電時の上限電圧を4.2V、下限電圧を2.0Vとした。
放電モードの各測定データ1、2、・・・nにおける放電開始からの経過時間:T(1,2・・・n)、各経過時間Tに対する放電電圧:V(1,2、・・・n)に対し、電圧変化幅の中間点をv(n)={V(n-1)+V(n)}/2、時間変化幅をt(n)=T(n)―T(n-1)とすると、平均放電電圧は以下の式で表される。
実施例5と比較例5のそれぞれの二次電池を60℃の恒温槽に入れ、レート条件3Cで充放電試験を行った。初回の放電容量を100%としたときの実施例5と比較例5のサイクル回数に対する放電容量の変化(容量維持率)を図11に示す。
Claims (7)
- アルミニウム材と、
前記アルミニウム材の表面上に形成された、正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層と、
前記アルミニウム材と前記正極活物質層との間に形成された、アルミニウムと炭素を含む介在層と、
を備えた、二次電池用正極。 - 前記リチウム含有金属酸化物は、LiFePO4である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 前記介在層は、前記アルミニウム材の表面の少なくとも一部の領域に形成された、アルミニウムの炭化物を含む表面部分を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極。
- 請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極を備えた、二次電池。
- 当該二次電池が、リチウムイオン電池およびリチウムイオンポリマー電池のいずれかである、請求項4に記載の二次電池。
- 正極活物質としてリチウム含有金属酸化物を含む正極活物質層をアルミニウム材の表面上に形成する正極活物質層形成工程と、
炭化水素含有物質を含む空間に前記正極活物質層が形成された前記アルミニウム材を配置した状態で加熱する加熱工程と、
を備えた、二次電池用正極の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程は、450℃以上660℃未満の温度で行われる、請求項6に記載の二次電池用正極の製造方法。
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WO2012115050A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-30 | 日本蓄電器工業株式会社 | 電極箔、集電体、電極及び、これを用いた蓄電素子 |
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JP2017028273A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-02-02 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 電気化学セル |
JP2017028274A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-02-02 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 電気化学セル |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2869365A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
TW201414058A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
US20150364765A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
EP2869365A4 (en) | 2016-02-24 |
CN104541390A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
JPWO2014003034A1 (ja) | 2016-06-02 |
JP6495009B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 |
TWI625886B (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
KR20150027253A (ko) | 2015-03-11 |
US9899681B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
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