WO2013153691A1 - ワイヤ放電加工装置およびこれを用いた半導体ウエハの製造方法 - Google Patents
ワイヤ放電加工装置およびこれを用いた半導体ウエハの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013153691A1 WO2013153691A1 PCT/JP2012/077154 JP2012077154W WO2013153691A1 WO 2013153691 A1 WO2013153691 A1 WO 2013153691A1 JP 2012077154 W JP2012077154 W JP 2012077154W WO 2013153691 A1 WO2013153691 A1 WO 2013153691A1
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- electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
- B23H7/08—Wire electrodes
- B23H7/10—Supporting, winding or electrical connection of wire-electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges
- B23H1/028—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges for multiple gap machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
- B23H7/08—Wire electrodes
- B23H7/10—Supporting, winding or electrical connection of wire-electrode
- B23H7/105—Wire guides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wire electric discharge machining apparatus and a method for producing a semiconductor wafer using the same, and more particularly, to a wire electric discharge machining apparatus capable of producing a semiconductor wafer having a highly flat semiconductor wafer surface with high productivity, and The present invention relates to a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method using the same.
- a wire saw method has been widely used as a cutting method for cutting a thin semiconductor wafer from a semiconductor ingot.
- a wire having high-hardness fine abrasive grains such as diamond adhered to the surface is pressed against the surface of the semiconductor ingot, and the semiconductor wafer is cut out from the semiconductor ingot by the rubbing action.
- This method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer by the wire saw method requires a long time for cutting, and further requires a grinding and polishing process to eliminate unevenness and scratches on the cut surface after cutting, so that the production efficiency is low.
- a semiconductor wafer is cut from a semiconductor ingot by an electric discharge machining method, and then the surface of the semiconductor wafer is scanned one by one with a discharge wire, thereby removing the work-affected layer and flattening the surface.
- a method has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 a conventional wire electric discharge machining apparatus using a cutting method in which a semiconductor wafer surface is scanned one after another with a discharge wire to remove a work-affected layer and the surface is flattened is processed. It takes a long time and no significant improvement in productivity can be expected. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to manufacture a semiconductor wafer having good characteristics with high productivity.
- an apparatus for simultaneously cutting a thin plate-shaped wafer from a columnar workpiece by a plurality of parallel cutting wire portions has been proposed.
- the methods there are a wire saw method and a wire electric discharge machining method.
- the wire saw methods there is a method in which an abrasive is interposed between the cutting wire portion and the workpiece, and the abrasive is pressed against the surface of the workpiece.
- a wire saw method in which a wafer is processed from a workpiece by a rubbing action by pressing a wire having fine abrasive grains such as diamond adhered to the surface against the surface of the workpiece.
- a plurality of wires are kept at a constant pitch by repeatedly winding a single wire between a plurality of guide rollers. Cutting wire portions arranged in parallel are formed, and the workpiece can be cut simultaneously in a plurality of locations.
- Conventional processing methods such as a wire saw method or a wire electric discharge processing method, in which a plurality of wafers (thin plates) are simultaneously cut from an ingot by a cutting wire portion, are intended only for cutting a wafer from a columnar workpiece. Yes. That is, in such a processing method, the warpage of the wafer processing surface generated due to the processing mechanism or the generation of a work-affected layer formed on the surface of the wafer processing surface cannot be avoided. For this reason, in a state where only the cutting process is performed, the specifications that can be put into a semiconductor process as a wafer in terms of wafer quality such as plate thickness, surface roughness, and crystal structure damage cannot be satisfied.
- a wafer cut from an ingot which is a semiconductor material, formed by a pulling method or the like so as to obtain a desired physical property value is ground and polished in order to satisfy a good surface quality that can be put into a semiconductor process. It goes through a later process such as processing.
- the wafer after the cutting process by the above-described method is finished to a predetermined plate thickness and surface roughness as a wafer that can be put into a semiconductor process by these subsequent processes.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of preventing the deformation of each wafer due to the external force during the cutting process described above in the multi-wire electric discharge machining method.
- an elastic member is pressed from the processing start end side of the wafer against the processing start ends of a large number of wafers that are being simultaneously formed by the cutting wire portion, and the elastic member deformed thereby is transferred between the wafers.
- the wafer enters the processing groove and is filled with the wafers, and the gap between adjacent wafers is filled to suppress wafer fluctuation.
- the wafer when the wafer is cut from the ingot by this method, if the elastic member is pressed too much against the edge of the wafer, the wafer may be deformed. Alternatively, when the pressing amount to the elastic member is insufficient, a gap remains in the gap between the adjacent wafers, and it becomes difficult to adjust the pressing amount so that the wafers cannot be securely fixed to each other. Furthermore, in the processing method that repeatedly scans the cutting wire part while performing electric discharge machining on each processed surface of the wafer being cut from the ingot, the wafer end that is filled is cut when the electric discharge machining is performed. There is a problem that finishing cannot be performed because the wire portion interferes with the padding.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and can efficiently remove and planarize a work-affected layer on the surface of a semiconductor wafer, and has a high productivity for cutting a semiconductor wafer from a semiconductor ingot. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a wire electrical discharge machining apparatus with high machining accuracy and a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method using the apparatus.
- Another object of the present invention is to obtain a wire electric discharge machining apparatus capable of performing cutting and finishing by batch processing in the same apparatus.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide not only ingot cutting processing, but also a plurality of wafers formed by cutting an ingot into a thin plate shape with a plate thickness and surface roughness close to final required specifications.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a wire electric discharge machining apparatus that can be finished to have a thickness.
- a wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a plurality of guide rollers arranged in parallel at intervals, and a plurality of guide rollers wound around the guide rollers with a constant pitch, and a cutting wire between the pair of guide rollers.
- the work piece is arranged with respect to the cutting wire portion so that the wire of the cutting wire portion is closer to one of the cutting surfaces than the other, and the parallel direction of each wire constituting the cutting wire portion, and Means for relatively moving in the direction perpendicular to the parallel direction of the wires constituting each cutting wire portion. Then, either one of the cut surfaces is scanned in an electric discharge machining state to finish the surfaces of a plurality of wafers simultaneously.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus of the present invention moves the wire used for cutting relative to the parallel direction of each wire constituting each cutting wire portion while the semiconductor wafer being cut is attached in the apparatus. Since it is used as it is to scan and flatten the cut surface, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the semiconductor wafer during flattening processing, the manufacturing process can be shortened, and a semiconductor wafer with good characteristics can be obtained with high productivity. Can do.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a configuration of a wire electrical discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the wire electric discharge machining apparatus in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an outline view showing a wire position at which the semiconductor ingot cutting process in the first embodiment is temporarily interrupted.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a wire trajectory of a cutting wire portion in a semiconductor wafer cutting process and a flattening process by a wire electric discharge machining method.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a wire trajectory when a semiconductor wafer is separated from the semiconductor ingot in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an external view showing a fluctuation state of the gap between the semiconductor wafers due to the vibration of the semiconductor wafer.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a semiconductor wafer vibration preventing system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an external view showing the structure and operation of the wafer support in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a side view showing the configuration of the wire electrical discharge machining apparatus in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the wire electric discharge machining apparatus in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is an outline view and a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the wafer support portion at the time of cutting and the wafer support portion at the time of finish processing according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11-2 is an external view and a front view showing the structure of the wafer support part at the time of cutting and the wafer support part at the time of finishing in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12A is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12-2 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12C is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12-4 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12-5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12-6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12-7 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the wafer support unit in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13A to 13E are explanatory views showing the relative trajectory of the cutting wire portion with respect to the workpiece in the wafer cutting process and the finishing process by the wire electric discharge machining method.
- 14A and 14B are external views showing the position and operation of the wafer support 12 and the workpiece 5 at the time of division in the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 14A is a top view.
- b) is a front view.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the wire trajectory when the semiconductor wafer is cut off from the semiconductor ingot and the planarization after the semiconductor wafer is cut by the wire electric discharge machining method.
- FIG. ⁇ Configuration of wire electrical discharge machine> The configuration of the wire electric discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- 1 is a side view showing a configuration of a wire electrical discharge machining apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the wire electric discharge machining apparatus in the first embodiment.
- a wire traveling system is configured by the four main guide rollers 1a to 1d.
- the wire 3 exits from the wire feeding bobbin 2 and is wound around the main guide rollers 1a to 1d in parallel at a predetermined interval a plurality of times. It is done.
- the wire 3 travels with the rotation of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d, and is finally wound around the wire winding bobbin 4.
- the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are installed at positions that sandwich the workpiece 5, and a plurality of wires 3 that are stretched with a constant tension between the main guide rollers 1c and 1d and separated in the axial direction of the main guide roller 1c are arranged. Is done.
- the wire 3 is made of steel having a diameter of 0.1 mm and has a surface coated with brass of 1 ⁇ m.
- the wire 3 is stretched, and a portion where the wires 3 are arranged apart from each other between the main guide roller 1c and the main guide roller 1d is the parallel wire portion PS, and further, the parallel wire portion PS A portion facing the workpiece 5 and linearly extending the wire 3 and used for cutting the workpiece 5 is referred to as a cutting wire portion CL.
- a plurality of wires 3 are arranged in parallel at regular intervals, and a plurality of semiconductor wafers can be simultaneously cut out from the workpiece 5.
- Damping guide rollers 7a and 7b are arranged at both ends of the cutting wire portion CL, and further, the power supply units 6a and 6b for supplying electric power to each wire 3 are attached to the outside of the damping guide rollers 7a and 7b, and are individually provided. By supplying electric power to the wires 3 separately, stable electric discharge machining is possible for all the wires 3.
- the power supply unit 11 has a power supply side terminal electrically connected to the power supply units 6 a and 6 b, and a ground side terminal electrically connected to the workpiece 5. Therefore, the voltage pulse output from the power supply unit 11 is applied between the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL and the workpiece 5.
- Nozzles 8a and 8b are arranged facing each other so as to sandwich the cutting wire portion CL between the two vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b, and the cutting portion of the workpiece 5 is cut along the cutting wire portion CL.
- the machining fluid is spouted out.
- the cutting wire portion CL is arranged to penetrate the nozzles 8a and 8b, but the inner surfaces of the nozzles 7a and 7b and the wire 3 are not in contact with each other.
- the wafer parallel direction moving stage 9 controls the movement of the workpiece 5 in the direction in which the wires 3 of the cutting wire portion CL are arranged in parallel, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the cutting direction by the wires 3, and the ascending / descending stage 10 is further moved. The workpiece 5 is placed and the rise and fall are controlled.
- the main guide rollers 1a to 1d are rollers in which a rubber material such as urethane rubber is wound around a cylindrical core metal, and both ends of the core metal are supported by bearings and are rotatable. Since the friction coefficient between the rubber on the surface of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d and the wire 3 is high, it is suitable for preventing the wire 3 from slipping and spinning around on the main guide rollers 1a to 1d. Further, grooves are formed on the surfaces of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d at the same interval as the wire winding pitch, and the wires 3 pass through the respective grooves, so that the intervals of the wires 3 in the cutting wire portion CL are reduced. Can be kept constant.
- the distance between the wires 3 in the cutting wire portion CL can be set according to the purpose, and about 0.1 to 0.8 mm is suitable for the purpose of cutting the semiconductor wafer as in the present embodiment. .
- the main guide rollers 1a to 1d and the workpiece 5 are immersed in the machining liquid, the cutting wire portion CL faces the workpiece 5 in the machining liquid, and the wires 3 are cut in parallel at the same time. Processing.
- the vibration-damping guide rollers 7a and 7b are driven guide rollers having higher shape accuracy, rotation accuracy and mounting accuracy than the main guide rollers 1a to 1d, and two are used at the positions sandwiching the cutting wire portion CL as described above. It is done.
- the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are pressed against the wire 3 stretched between the main guide rollers 1c and 1d, and the wire 3 is disposed so as to contact a part of the outer periphery of the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b.
- the wire 3 is stretched linearly between the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b, and vibrations associated with the travel of the wire 3 can be suppressed. That is, the vibration of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL can be suppressed, and the workpiece 5 can be cut with high accuracy.
- the electric power supply units 6a and 6b are aligned at the same interval as the winding pitch of the wires 3, and each wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL is supplied with power from the electric power supply units 6a and 6b, and a processing current flows therethrough.
- the contact for supplying electric power from the power supply units 6a and 6b to the wire 3 has a circular or arc-shaped cross section with a groove-shaped wire guide, and makes good contact over a long period of time. In order to ensure, it is set as the structure which can rotate and change a contact part with the wire 3 regularly.
- the workpiece 5 is cut by generating an arc discharge in a minute discharge gap between the wire 3 filled with a machining fluid such as deionized water and the workpiece 5. Specifically, the surface of the workpiece 5 is heated by the arc and becomes high temperature, and the machining liquid present in the discharge gap explosively evaporates and blows away the high temperature portion of the workpiece 5. The part blown off becomes machining waste and floats in the machining liquid.
- a machining fluid such as deionized water
- the wire 3 is continuously drawn from the wire feeding bobbin 2, travels by the rotation of the main guide rollers 1 a to 1 d, and is collected on the wire winding bobbin 4.
- the tension during traveling of the parallel wires 3 is controlled.
- the tension of the traveling wire 3 is kept constant.
- the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are rotated to run the wire 3, and the workpiece 5 is disposed facing the cutting wire portion CL at a predetermined distance, and then the cutting wire portion.
- a voltage pulse is applied to CL from the power supply unit 11, and the ascending / descending stage 10 is raised according to the cutting speed. With the discharge gap kept constant, by continuing the arc discharge while relatively moving the cutting wire portion CL and the workpiece 5, the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL has passed the workpiece 5.
- a processed groove is formed in the portion.
- the electronic supply units 6 a and 6 b are provided with a mechanism (not shown) for moving the electronic supply units 6 a and 6 b in the vertical direction with respect to the wire 3 in order to adjust the amount pressed against the wire 3.
- the contact resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the pressing amount of the power supply units 6a and 6b against the wire 3, and the discharge current value per voltage pulse can be finely adjusted.
- the machining current value is supplied to the cutting wire portion CL via the power supply units 6a and 6b, and needless to say, can be adjusted by adjusting the output voltage of the power supply unit 11.
- the applied voltage is 100 V
- the machining current is 3 to 5 A
- the pulse width is 0.1 ⁇ sec
- the duty ratio is 50%
- the wire travel speed is 0.1 mm.
- these cutting conditions are not particularly limited, and various cutting conditions can be used depending on the type and thickness of the wire 3 to be used, the material of the workpiece 5, and the like.
- FIG. 3 is an outline view showing a wire position at which the semiconductor ingot cutting process in the first embodiment is temporarily interrupted.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the trajectory of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL in the cutting process and flattening process of the semiconductor wafer by the wire electric discharge machining method, and shows a cross section of the workpiece 5 at the cutting part. Further, black circles and the like indicate cross sections of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL.
- a pulse voltage is applied to the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL to cut the workpiece 5 halfway, and the cutting process is temporarily interrupted at a position where several mm is left until complete cutting (FIGS. 3 and 4 (a)). )).
- the interruption position is a position where several mm is left until it is completely cut, and as shown in FIG. 3, several mm remains at the bottom of the semiconductor ingot, but it is not particularly limited.
- the part connected to the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 may be in a state where it remains. In a state in which the workpiece 5 remains cut by electric discharge machining, as shown schematically in FIG. 4B, the cut processed cross section is formed with a work-affected layer, and the unevenness is large.
- FIG. 4 shows that the wire 3 is moving, but the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 is actually moving, and the wire 3 is relatively processed. The cutting part of the object 5 is moved.
- the wire 3 While applying a pulse voltage to the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL, the wire 3 is made to approach about several ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in one cutting cross-sectional direction (FIG. 4C), and then the wire 3 is scanned upward in a discharged state ( FIG. 4 (d)).
- the electric discharge machining conditions at this time are slightly weaker than the electric discharge machining conditions in the cutting process.
- the pulse voltage is 50 V, which is half of the pulse voltage in the cutting process.
- the work-affected layer is removed by bringing the wire 3 close to one of the cut surfaces and scanning the wire 3, but the two cut surfaces are not brought close to the one cut surface. You may scan a center part.
- the scanning speed of the wire 3 is decreased to increase the probability of occurrence of electric discharge, or The pulse voltage is increased to such an extent that discharge occurs even at the distance between the electrodes to the work-affected layer to be removed.
- the optimum distance between the cut surface and the wire 3 can be selected based on the electric discharge machining conditions and the scanning speed.
- the flattening of the cut surface by the electric discharge machining of the wire 3 causes the discharge to be generated in the process of scanning the wire 3 in a part of the cut surface where the unevenness is increased by the work-affected layer, thereby gradually reducing the unevenness.
- discharge occurs between the wire 3 and both cut surfaces, and when scanning the wire 3 close to one cut surface, between the cut surfaces adjacent to the wire 3 It is preferable to generate a discharge.
- the number of the wires 3 of the cutting wire portion CL is not particularly limited, and the cutting wire portion CL may be configured by only one wire 3 even if a plurality of wires 3 are arranged in parallel.
- the number of wires 3 is related to the number of substrates that can be processed at the same time, and it is preferable that the cutting wire portion CL is constituted by a plurality of wires 3 from the viewpoint of improving productivity.
- the unevenness of the work-affected layer formed at the time of cutting is removed little by little, and a flat cut surface can be obtained. Since the cut surface was scanned and the cut surface was flattened using the wire used for cutting as it was with the semiconductor wafer mounted in the apparatus, the position of the surface orientation of the processed surface of the semiconductor wafer was aligned during the flattening process. No adjustment is required, the manufacturing process can be shortened, and a semiconductor wafer with good characteristics can be obtained with high productivity.
- the portion connected to the semiconductor ingot that is the workpiece 5 is cut using an electric discharge machining method.
- the wire 3 is returned again to the position where the cutting process is interrupted, and after the wire 3 is subjected to the same electric discharge machining conditions as the cutting, the workpiece 5 is moved in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. Cut the wafer simultaneously.
- the semiconductor wafer needs a notch (orientation flat: orientation flat) for discriminating the front and back of the semiconductor wafer.
- the semiconductor ingot processed into the wafer is such that the orientation flat portion is the lowermost surface of the semiconductor ingot. If a semiconductor ingot subjected to peripheral polishing or the like in consideration of the crystal orientation is used, it is not necessary to confirm the position again to create an orientation flat, and the processing efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a wire trajectory when the semiconductor wafer is cut from the semiconductor ingot according to the first embodiment, showing a cross section of the semiconductor ingot that is the workpiece 5, and black circles and the like are cross sections of the wire 3. Is shown.
- two methods of method 1 FIG. 5 (a)
- method 2 FIG. 5 (b)
- the wire 3 of the cutting wire part CL is returned to the position where the cutting is interrupted.
- electric discharge machining is performed while the wire 3 is reciprocated greatly within the cutting groove (semiconductor wafer gap), and the portion connected to the semiconductor ingot as the workpiece 5 is cut. To do.
- the wire 3 is reciprocated in a small amount in the cutting groove, and is further cut in a short time by applying a larger electric discharge machining energy than at the time of cutting.
- the method according to the present embodiment approaches the first step of cutting the ingot while leaving the connecting portion to form a cut cross section, and the cut cross section formed in the first step.
- FIG. 6 shows an outline drawing showing the fluctuation state of the semiconductor wafer gap due to the vibration of the semiconductor wafer.
- the machining liquid is ejected vigorously from the machining liquid nozzle toward each machining groove.
- the same condition as that during the cutting process toward the machining groove is used.
- the processing liquid is supplied, the semiconductor wafer before being separated from the semiconductor ingot vibrates greatly.
- the electric discharge machining if the discharge gap between the cutting wire portion CL and the cut surface of the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 is greatly fluctuated, the electric discharge machining becomes unstable and the machining accuracy of the cut surface of the semiconductor wafer is lowered.
- the supply flow rate or hydraulic pressure of the processing liquid is lowered so that the semiconductor wafer is not vibrated by the processing liquid flow.
- the amount of processing waste is not as large as in the cutting process, and the processing groove width is widened, so that the processing waste is easily discharged from the processing groove. For this reason, it is not necessary to vigorously supply the machining liquid into the machining groove. Therefore, the processing liquid supply amount at the time of the flattening process is reduced to about 1/2 to 1/10 of the cutting process.
- the cut surface is scanned with the wire 3 many times under the electric discharge machining conditions weaker than those at the time of cutting, and the machining alteration formed at the time of cutting.
- the unevenness of the layer is removed little by little, and a flat cut surface can be obtained.
- the cutting process is interrupted and the semiconductor wafer being cut is left attached in the apparatus, and the cut surface is used as it is. Since the scanning and the cut surface are flattened, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the semiconductor wafer during the flattening process, the manufacturing process can be shortened, and a semiconductor wafer with good characteristics can be obtained with high productivity. .
- a recess according to the outer shape of the workpiece 5 is formed in the wafer parallel direction moving stage 9, and it is slidable only in the direction in which the spread due to the cutting occurs.
- the cutting is performed while suppressing the positional deviation, and the finishing process is performed while maintaining the position even after the cutting. That is, the same wafer support portion 12 (cut processing wafer support portion and finish processing wafer support portion) is used at the time of cutting and finishing, and the position can be moved only in the longitudinal direction of the ingot, and the support portion is moved up and down. Therefore, the cutting process and the finishing process can be performed with high accuracy on a large number of wafers.
- Embodiment 2 The configuration and operation of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the vibration of the semiconductor wafer or the like in the process of cutting the semiconductor wafer using the electric discharge machining method and the flattening of the cut surface is suppressed, and the variation in the substrate thickness due to the vibration, etc. Since the same configuration and operation as those of the first embodiment are used for the cutting by other electric discharge machining, the description thereof is omitted, and the vibration of the semiconductor wafer during machining different from that of the first embodiment is used. The description will focus on the configuration and operation of the wafer support portion that suppresses the above.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of a semiconductor wafer vibration preventing system according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are outline views showing the structure and operation of the wafer support 12 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a top view and
- FIG. 8B is a front view.
- the wafer support portion 12 is easy to insert into the cutting groove portion of the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 and the thin wire bundle portion 13 in which fine wires having a diameter of several tens of ⁇ m and a length of about 30 mm are bundled. It is comprised by the insertion support part 14 which is a handle to do, and has the shape similar to a brush as a whole.
- the fine wire constituting the fine wire bundle portion 13 must be a non-conductive material having high flexibility and strength not to be deformed by its own weight. As an example, a material such as nylon or polyacrylate is used as a raw material. What was processed into the shape can be used.
- the thin wire bundle portion 13 is a portion to be inserted into the processing groove GR portion between the semiconductor wafers, and due to its flexibility, the tips of the thin wires bundled to the inside between the semiconductor wafers having a narrow interval are inserted.
- the inserted thin wire bundle portion 13 is in a state of being wedge-shaped. Insertion of the thin wire bundle portion 13 is performed between the semiconductor wafers, that is, parallel to the wire extending direction toward each processing groove and from both sides of the semiconductor wafer with the semiconductor ingot as the workpiece 5 interposed therebetween.
- the thin wire bundle portion 13 is inserted between the semiconductor wafers by operating the support portion 14.
- the relative positional relationship between the wire 3 and the fine wire bundle portion 13 of the cutting wire portion CL is that the fine wire bundle portion 13 is disposed on the side where the semiconductor wafers are connected to the wire 3.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view when the semiconductor ingot that is the workpiece 5 is cut halfway, and black circles and the like indicate cross-sections of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL.
- the two types of ellipses indicate the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portion 12 in each cutting groove, and serve to reduce the vibration of the semiconductor wafer partially connected to the semiconductor ingot.
- the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portion 12 is inserted into the cutting groove to prevent the vibration of the semiconductor wafer and to flatten the cut surface on the semiconductor wafer cutting start side.
- the wafer support portion 12 is the side where the semiconductor wafer is connected to the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL by the semiconductor ingot.
- FIG. 8 shows the configuration and operation of the wafer support unit 12 used in this embodiment.
- a semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 is installed on the ascending / descending stage 10.
- a wafer support unit 12 including a thin wire bundle unit 13 and an insertion support unit 14 is fixed to a wafer support unit base 15, and the wire 3 and the wafer support unit 12 are cut in the cutting process of the workpiece 5 and the flattening process of the cut surface. Does not move. That is, in the cutting and flattening process of the workpiece 5, the ascending / descending stage 10 and the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 placed thereon are moved up and down.
- the wafer support portion 12 is configured so as to constitute a wafer support portion at the time of cutting and a wafer support portion at the time of finish processing both during the cutting process and during the finishing process and to maintain the mutual positional relationship.
- the ascending / descending stage 10 and the semiconductor ingot as the workpiece 5 are raised from below, and the workpiece 5 is cut by the wire 3 by the electric discharge machining method.
- the wafer support portion 12 is retracted so as not to interfere with the wire 3 or the semiconductor ingot that is the workpiece 5 (not shown). Then, it interrupts in the state connected to the semiconductor ingot, and the raising / lowering stage 10 is lowered. Further, the wafer support unit 12 is returned from the retracted position to a predetermined position, and the ascending / descending stage 10 is moved up and down in order to scan and flatten the cut surface with the wire 3.
- the wafer support portion 12 moves in the left-right direction according to the curvature of the peripheral jig, inserts the thin wire bundle portion 13 into the gap between the semiconductor wafers, and suppresses vibration when the cross section is flattened by scanning the wire 3. .
- the number of thin lines to be inserted in the interval between the semiconductor wafers is not necessarily plural, and the number having the effect of suppressing the vibration of the semiconductor wafer is inserted according to the relationship between the size of the interval and the thickness of the thin line.
- the process of cutting the semiconductor ingot which is the workpiece 5 is interrupted by the above steps, and the planarization is performed under conditions weaker than the electric discharge machining conditions at the time of cutting by the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL, Since the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portion 12 can be inserted between the semiconductor wafers to suppress the vibration, it is possible to obtain a good semiconductor wafer having no variation in the substrate thickness of the semiconductor wafer due to the vibration.
- the direction of insertion or removal of the wafer support portion 12 is made parallel to the direction of each wire of the cutting wire portion CL when the semiconductor wafer is held from the semiconductor wafer cutting start side and the cutting wire portion CL in the flattening processing is This is to prevent the wafer support unit 12 from being blocked on the scanning locus.
- the wafer support portion 12 is positioned from a position that does not hinder the scanning trajectory of the cutting wire portion CL. Can be inserted and supported.
- the wafer support portion 12 comes out of the processing groove, and thus does not interfere with the scanning locus of the cutting wire portion CL. Further, the rigidity of the semiconductor wafer in the vicinity still connected by the semiconductor ingot is high, and the processed surface of the semiconductor wafer does not fluctuate. Therefore, it is not necessary to fix each semiconductor wafer by the wafer support portion 12.
- the nozzles 8a and 8b have jet nozzles arranged along the extending direction of the cutting wire portion CL, and are directed toward the discharge gap. Forms a machining fluid flow in the direction of collision.
- the semiconductor wafer being processed does not vibrate and the discharge gap between the cutting wire portion CL and the semiconductor wafer processing surface does not fluctuate, so that the electric discharge machining is stable and high quality. It is possible to process a highly accurate semiconductor wafer having a uniform thickness on a semiconductor wafer processing surface.
- Each cutting wire portion CL has an impedance due to the electrical resistance of the wire 3 between the adjacent cutting wire portions CL, and in order to maintain the independence of each cutting wire portion CL, other conduction paths are provided. It is not preferred that it be formed. Therefore, the bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portion 12 that is inserted between the semiconductor wafers and contacts the semiconductor wafer needs to be made of an insulating material.
- the wire electric discharge machining is particularly effective for a material having high hardness because the machining speed does not depend on the hardness of the workpiece 5.
- the workpiece 5 include metals such as tungsten and molybdenum serving as sputtering targets, ceramics such as polycrystalline silicon carbide (silicon carbide) used as various structural members, single crystal silicon serving as a semiconductor wafer for manufacturing semiconductor devices, and the like.
- a semiconductor material such as single crystal silicon carbide or gallium nitride, single crystal or polycrystalline silicon used as a solar cell wafer can be targeted.
- silicon carbide and gallium nitride have high hardness, the mechanical wire saw method has low productivity and low processing accuracy, and the present invention achieves both high productivity and high processing accuracy. It is suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer of silicon carbide or gallium nitride.
- the wafer support portion 12 is provided, and the gap between the semiconductor wafers is filled to fix the semiconductor wafer. Therefore, the cutting wire portion CL is repeatedly scanned to finish the large-diameter semiconductor wafer. Even when processing, the semiconductor wafer can be prevented from vibrating or tilting, the semiconductor wafer cut from the semiconductor ingot is prevented from vibrating, and the discharge gap is stably maintained. Stable electrical discharge machining can be performed even in the wire scanning locus where the electrical discharge gap is closer, there is no work-affected layer with good surface roughness and flatness, and variations in the thickness of the semiconductor wafer and between semiconductor wafers are small. It is possible to manufacture multiple high-quality semiconductor wafers finished at a size close to the final thickness at a time. Achieve the results.
- the wafer support portion 12 having the above-described configuration is inserted between the semiconductor wafers from a direction substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the cutting wire portion CL, it is inserted from the direction in which the processing liquid is supplied. Since the flow discharged to the outside from between the semiconductor wafers is not obstructed, the semiconductor wafer does not fluctuate due to fluctuations in the machining fluid flow, and the processing waste can be discharged efficiently from the discharge gap. Since the gap does not fluctuate, stable electric discharge machining can be performed, surface roughness and flatness are good, there is no work-affected layer, variation in the thickness of the semiconductor wafer and between semiconductor wafers is small, and the final thickness is achieved. There is an effect that it becomes possible to manufacture a plurality of high-quality semiconductor wafers finished with close dimensions at a time.
- the scanning trajectory of the cutting wire portion CL is not hindered and stable.
- EDM can be performed, the surface roughness and flatness are good, there is no work-affected layer, the variation in the thickness of the semiconductor wafer and between the semiconductor wafers is small, and the finish is finished with dimensions close to the final thickness There is an effect that a plurality of high-quality semiconductor wafers can be manufactured at a time.
- the workpiece 5 containing a hard material such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride can be cut into a thin plate with high productivity.
- the wire 3 is arranged at a position where the cutting of the semiconductor wafer is interrupted, and is cut from the workpiece by cutting by electric discharge machining in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction in the cutting process of the wire, This separation portion may be an orientation flat surface. Thereby, the division and the formation of the orientation flat surface can be realized simultaneously.
- FIG. 9 is a side view showing a configuration of a main part of a wire electric discharge machining apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view schematically showing the wire electric discharge machining apparatus.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus according to the first embodiment has a constant pitch between a pair of main guide rollers 1c and 1d as a pair of guide rollers arranged in parallel at a distance, and the pair of main guide rollers 1c and 1d.
- a single wire 3 that is wound a plurality of times while being separated from each other to form a parallel wire portion PS between the pair of main guide rollers 1c and 1d, and travels as the main guide rollers 1c and 1d rotate.
- a pair of vibration control guide rollers 7a, 7b provided between the pair of main guide rollers 1c, 1d, which are driven and contacted by the parallel wire portion PS to form a plurality of cutting wire portions CL for vibration control;
- a plurality of electrons (electricity supply units 6a to 6d) that respectively supply power to the cutting wire portion CL, and the workpiece 5 and the cutting wire portion CL are configured with respect to the cutting wire portion CL.
- the plurality of cutting wire portions CL simultaneously apply the workpiece 5 to the plurality of wafers 5W by the energy generated by the electric discharge between the workpieces 5 supported by the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during the cutting process.
- Reference numeral 11 denotes a power supply unit that feeds power to each part and controls driving of each part in order to execute each function.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are formed by cutting and are inserted into the processing grooves GR serving as the inter-wafer regions as insertion portions for holding the wafer interval.
- the insertion amount of the thin wire bundle portion 13 into the processing groove GR formed in the workpiece 5 is controlled.
- the main guide rollers 1a to 1d are main guide rollers constituting a wire traveling system.
- four main guide rollers 1a to 1d having the same diameter are arranged in parallel to each other at intervals. Yes.
- One wire 3 fed out from the wire feeding bobbin 2 is repeatedly wound (wound) in sequence while being spaced at a constant pitch across the four main guide rollers 1a to 1d. .
- the wire 3 travels with the rotation of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d, and finally reaches the wire winding bobbin 4.
- the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are installed at positions sandwiching the workpiece 5, and the wire 3 is stretched between the main guide rollers 1c and 1d with a constant tension, so that the axial directions of the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are mutually
- a plurality of parallel wire portions PS spaced apart from each other are formed.
- the parallel wire portion PS indicates a portion from the main guide roller 1c until it is wound around the main guide roller 1d.
- a linearly stretched region including a portion facing the workpiece 5 is a cutting wire portion CL.
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which cutting of the workpiece 5 has started and the cutting wire portion CL has advanced into the workpiece 5.
- vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are arranged on the parallel wire portion PS between the electric power supply units 6a to 6d, and the state where the wire 3 is always hung is maintained to guide the wire 3. That is, the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are guide rollers having a smaller diameter than the main guide rollers 1c and 1d, which are provided between the pair of main guide rollers 1c and 1d and are in contact with the parallel wire portion PS.
- a plurality of cutting wire portions CL in which the wire 3 is supported in a straight line and supported in a straight line are formed.
- the wire vibration is suppressed and the traveling position is almost stationary.
- nozzles 8 (8a, 8b) are arranged in the region of the cutting wire portion CL, and the nozzles 8a, 8b arranged opposite to each other face the cutting portion of the workpiece 5 along the cutting wire portion CL. And eject the machining fluid.
- the cutting wire portion CL penetrates the nozzles 8a and 8b, but does not contact the inner surfaces of the nozzles 8a and 8b.
- the ascending / descending stage 10 is a stage for moving the workpiece 5 up and down, and the arrows drawn from the ascending / descending stage 10 indicate the moving direction of the ascending / descending stage 10.
- the wafer parallel direction moving stage 9 moves the workpiece 5 in the direction in which the wires of the cutting wire portion CL are arranged in parallel, that is, the cutting wire portion. A plurality of wafers 5W processed by CL are moved in the parallel direction.
- the wire 3 is wound around each of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d by only a part of the outer periphery of the roller (about 1 ⁇ 4 turn), and wraps around the whole of the four main guide rollers 1a to 1d.
- the main guide rollers 1a to 1d constitute a path from the wire feeding bobbin 2 to the wire take-up bobbin 4, and provide a space for the workpiece 5 to pass through the cutting wire portion CL and not interfere with the other wires 3. It is configured to ensure.
- the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are drive guide rollers, and the main guide rollers 1a and 1b disposed above the main guide rollers 1c and 1d are driven guide rollers.
- the driven guide roller is driven to rotate with its shaft connected to the motor, while the driven guide roller does not generate a driving force and rotates as the wire travels.
- the vibration suppression guide rollers 7 a and 7 b are driven guide rollers arranged so as to be wound around the wire 3 in contact with the parallel wire portion PS, and rotate by being driven as the wire 3 travels.
- the arrows drawn around the axes of the main guide rollers 1 a to 1 d indicate the rotation direction of each main guide roller, and the arrows drawn along the wires 3 indicate the traveling direction of the wires 3.
- the main guide rollers 1a to 1d are rollers in which, for example, urethane rubber is wound around a cylindrical core metal, and both ends of the core metal are supported by bearings and are rotatable. Since urethane rubber has a high coefficient of friction with the wire 3, it is suitable for preventing the wire 3 from slipping on the main guide rollers 1a to 1d.
- a plurality of grooves are formed at the same interval as the wire winding pitch on the surface of the main guide rollers 1a to 1d with which the wire 3 comes into contact, and the wire is wound around each groove. At this time, the distance (winding pitch) between the cutting wire portions CL arranged in parallel at equal intervals is constant.
- the driving main guide rollers 1c and 1d can obtain a force for pulling the wire 3
- the driven main guide rollers 1a and 1b can obtain a rotational force for rotating the rollers.
- the vibration control guide rollers 7a and 7b will be described.
- the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are driven guide rollers having higher shape accuracy, rotation accuracy, and attachment accuracy than the main guide rollers 1a to 1d, and two vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are used at positions where the workpiece 5 is sandwiched.
- the damping guide rollers 7a and 7b are pushed into the stretched parallel wire portion PS so that the wire 3 is hooked on a part of the outer periphery.
- the wire between the vibration damping guide rollers 7a and 7b is stretched in a straight line, the traveling direction of the wire 3 is bent, and the wire 3 is always engaged while the wire 3 is traveling. Maintained.
- the wire 3 that has been vibrated before being applied to the vibration suppression guide roller 7b is reliably applied to the vibration suppression guide roller 7b, so that the vibration of the wire 3 traveling while vibrating is blocked.
- vibration applied to the wire 3 fed from the vibration suppression guide roller 7a is blocked by the vibration suppression guide roller 7a.
- the two vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b are rotated by the frictional force with the wire 3 as the wire travels, creating a state where there is almost no wire vibration in the linear region between the vibration suppression guide rollers. That is, the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b can suppress the propagation of vibration from the main guide roller to the cutting wire portion CL, and can accurately guide the wire 3 so that the microscopic traveling position becomes constant. Become.
- the vibration suppression guide rollers 7a and 7b may bend the traveling direction of the wire 3 connected to the cutting wire portion CL, the vibration control guide rollers 7a and 7b have an effect of ensuring a space for the workpiece 5 to pass through the cutting wire portion CL. Absent.
- the left and right arrows on the vibration control guide rollers 7a and 7b in FIG. 9 indicate the movable directions of the vibration control guide rollers 7a and 7b on the apparatus.
- the supply units 6a and 6b are aggregates of supply electrons K aligned at the same interval as the winding pitch of the wires 3, and the supply electrons K are insulated from each other.
- the cutting wire portion CL is supplied with power from the power supply K, and a machining current flows through each of them.
- As the supply electron K for example, one having a circular or arcuate cross section with a groove-shaped wire guide is used.
- the power supply K is rotatably installed so that the wire contact portion can be changed periodically by rotating.
- FIGS. 11-1 and 11-2 are external views showing the structures of the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing, and FIG. 11-2 is a front view.
- FIG. 11A is a sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are both configured by a thin wire bundle portion 13 and an insertion support portion 14 as insertion portions, and the fine wire bundle portion 13 and the insertion portion are inserted.
- the support part 14 is directly connected.
- the thin wire bundle portion 13 is composed of a collection of thin wires having a wire diameter of about several tens of ⁇ m and a wire length of about 30 mm, and the thin wires are highly flexible and have a strength that does not deform by their own weight.
- a brush made of nylon is applicable.
- a material that is easily deformed and has high elastic force may be used.
- the thin wire bundle portion is used as the insertion portion, the material is not limited to the thin wire bundle portion as long as the material has strength and flexibility, and a mesh, an elastic body, and the like are also applicable.
- a rolling roller 17 is attached to the side where the thin wire bundle portion 13 is not attached to each insertion support portion 14, and the rolling roller 17 is pressed against the wafer support portion insertion control plates 18a and 18b.
- the wafer support insertion control plates 18a and 18b are fixed to the ascending / descending stage 10, and the cutting wire portion CL is interposed between the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing. They are installed substantially parallel to each other so as to run. In FIG. 10, only the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting are illustrated, and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are not illustrated.
- the support posts 19a and 19b are fixed to the base 20, and the guide shaft 21 and the spring 22 attached to the support posts 19a and 19b allow the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finish processing to be guide shafts. 21 and attached in a horizontal direction.
- the spring 22 is installed in the length direction and the horizontal direction of the guide shaft 21.
- the workpiece 5 is cut by generating an arc discharge in a minute discharge gap between the wire 3 and the workpiece 5 filled with a machining fluid such as deionized water. .
- a machining fluid such as deionized water.
- a part of the workpiece 5 that has been heated by an arc generated on the surface of the workpiece 5 and has reached the melting point of the workpiece 5 is evaporated, and the machining fluid present in the discharge gap is explosive. Vaporizes and blows away the melted portion of the workpiece 5 due to its explosive force. The part blown off becomes machining waste and floats in the machining fluid. Since the cutting wire portion CL and the workpiece 5 are discharge electrodes, the length of the discharge gap is also referred to as an inter-electrode distance.
- a plurality of wafers 5W cut out from the workpiece 5 by electric discharge machining of the plurality of cutting wire portions CL are not completely cut, and a part of the wafers 5W is integrated with the workpiece 5
- the cutting wire portion CL is brought close to the first surface side of the plurality of wafers 5W formed in the cutting processing step, and a cutting step for cutting so as to leave the connecting portion at A first finishing step of scanning all of the first surface, which is one side surface, while performing electrical discharge machining, and finishing the first surface simultaneously for all of the wafers 5W, and the other one side of the wafer
- the cutting wire portion CL is brought close to the side, and scanning is performed while all the one side surfaces of the plurality of wafers 5W are subjected to electric discharge machining, and a second surface is finished for all the wafers 5W at the same time. Characterized in that it comprises a raised processing step. And after the said 2nd finishing process process, the connection part removal process of removing a connection part is included, A several
- the wire 3 is continuously drawn from the wire feeding bobbin 2, travels by the rotation of the main guide rollers 1 a to 1 d, and is discharged to the wire winding bobbin 4.
- the tension during travel of the parallel wires 3 is controlled.
- the tension of the traveling wire 3 is kept constant.
- the workpiece 5 When performing electric discharge machining, the workpiece 5 is disposed opposite to the cutting wire portion CL with a predetermined inter-electrode distance while rotating the main guide rollers 1c and 1d to run the wire 3. Then, a voltage pulse is applied to the cutting wire part CL, and the raising / lowering stage 10 is raised according to a cutting speed. In a state where the distance between the electrodes is kept constant, the parallel cutting portion and the workpiece 5 are moved relative to each other, thereby continuing the arc discharge and corresponding to the path through which the cutting wire portion CL of the workpiece 5 has passed. A machining groove GR is formed.
- the thickness of the wafer 5W to be cut out is a length obtained by subtracting the width (working width) of the machining groove GR which is the cutting allowance of the workpiece 5 from the winding pitch.
- the wire 3 has a smaller wire diameter, and a steel wire of about 0.1 mm is suitable for practical use, and a further thinned wire such as 0.07 mm is preferably used.
- a coating such as brass may be applied to the surface of the steel wire.
- a mechanism for moving the power supply units 6a and 6b (not shown) in a direction perpendicular to the wires is provided.
- the contact length between the wire 3 and the power supply K is the sliding length, and the sliding length can be managed by the pressing amount of the power supply units 6a and 6b against the parallel wire portion PS. That is, when the pressing amount is small, the sliding length is small, and when the pressing amount is large, the sliding length is large.
- the pressing amount may be defined by a pushing distance with respect to the wire 3 or may be defined by a pressing force.
- the contact resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the sliding length, and the discharge current value per voltage pulse can be finely adjusted. It should be noted that the machining current value is naturally supplied to each cutting wire portion CL via the electric power supply units 6a and 6b, and can therefore be adjusted by adjusting the machining power source.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing will be described.
- the wafer support portions 15a, 15b, 16a, and 16b are regulated by the guide shaft 21 so that the operation direction slides in the stretching direction of the cutting wire portion CL.
- the spring 22 is always pushed in the direction opposite to the installation direction of the workpiece 5, so that each rolling roller 17 is always pushed against the wafer support insertion control plates 18 a and 18 b. ing.
- the surfaces of the wafer support insertion control plates 18a and 18b against which the rolling roller 17 is pressed are opposed to the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting connected to the rolling roller 17 or the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing.
- the contour shape is similar to the contour shape of the workpiece 5 to be processed.
- the undulation of the surface of the wafer support insertion control plates 18a, 18b is converted into a horizontal displacement. Therefore, the displacement corresponding to the undulation shape of each surface of the wafer support portion insertion control plates 18 a and 18 b is transmitted to the insertion support portion 14, which is transmitted to the thin wire bundle portion 13. Therefore, the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are inserted into or removed from the workpiece 5 according to the outline contour shape of the workpiece 5.
- the depth at which the thin wire bundle portions 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during processing are inserted into the processing grooves GR formed in the workpiece 5 is the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting processing,
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing can independently perform the insertion or removal operation.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b during cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing in the cutting and finishing of the workpiece 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12-1 to 12-7.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing are inserted and extracted according to the contour shape of the outer shape of the workpiece 5.
- a processing groove into which the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b is inserted is not yet formed.
- the fine wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing is deformed along the outer surface of the workpiece 5 due to its flexibility, and the workpiece 5 is moved in accordance with the operation of the ascending / descending stage 10. Trace the outer surface.
- the thin wire bundle portions 13 of the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting are inserted into the respective processing grooves GR formed by the electric discharge processing of the cutting wire portion CL located at the tip of the processing direction, and are processed.
- the wafer is filled with a plurality of wafers formed from the object 5, and vibration is prevented while holding each wafer.
- the wafer is gradually processed from the workpiece 5 and the cutting wire portion CL is slightly moved in the wafer parallel direction immediately before the workpiece 5 is completely cut, and the wafer surface is scanned while being subjected to electric discharge machining.
- This shows the process of improving the surface roughness and finishing the plate thickness to a predetermined dimension while repeating the above process to remove the work-affected layer.
- the processing groove GR is formed in the workpiece 5. Therefore, the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the thin wire bundle portions 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are inserted into the processing groove GR.
- processing is performed by the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing positioned before and after the cutting wire portion CL. Since each wafer is held, the vibration of the wafer is prevented. Note that the distance between the cutting wire portion CL and the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the cutting wire portion CL of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing is cut even if the thin wire bundle portion 13 is deformed. It is adjusted and installed at a position that does not interfere with the wire part CL.
- the thin wire tips bundled by the thin wire bundle portion 13 constituting the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing are narrowly spaced due to their flexibility.
- the wafer is inserted between the wafers, and the wafers are filled with a wedge-like padding between the wafers by the thin wires of the inserted thin wire bundle portion 13.
- Wafer vibration is prevented by installing the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing before and after the relative processing direction, and the electric discharge processing is stable in the cutting processing and finishing processing, It is possible to obtain a high-quality wafer having a good surface finish and a uniform thickness.
- the amount of insertion of the thin wire bundle portion 13 is determined by the shape of the surface of the wafer support portion insertion control plates 18a and 18b that travels while being in contact with the rolling roller 17. Therefore, by matching the surface shape of the wafer support portion insertion control plates 18a and 18b with the contour shape of the workpiece 5 to be processed, the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support at the time of finishing processing are obtained. It is not necessary to separately provide an expensive automatic stage for driving the portions 16a and 16b, and according to the wafer size and wafer shape being processed in the vicinity of the position where the workpiece 5 is processed by the cutting wire portion CL. The insertion / extraction behavior can be easily realized.
- the surface of the wafer support insertion control plates 18a, 18b on which the rolling roller 17 rolls is prepared according to the ingot outer shape. Just keep it. Even if the orientation flat position (orientation flat) of the ingot changes, appropriate insertion and removal can be easily adjusted by preparing the wafer support insertion control plates 18a and 18b simulating the state. For example, each wafer is operated while the thin wire bundle portion 13 is inserted into or removed from each wafer by operating the insertion support portion 14 that holds the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during finishing. To prevent vibration.
- the wafer support portions 16a and 16b are inserted and removed in accordance with the shape of the side surface of the ingot.
- the thin wire bundle portions on the upper side and the lower side of the ingot The wafer support portion is inserted and removed in accordance with the scanning position of the cutting wire portion CL with respect to the wafer surface so that the insertion depth 13 is substantially constant. That is, in the vicinity of the wafer cutting start or end portion where the wire length in the wafer cutting direction is shortened, the thin wire bundle portion 13 is pressed against the ingot by feeding the insertion support portion 14 toward the wafer, and the wafer support during the finishing process is performed.
- the tips of the portions 16a and 16b are inserted between the wafers.
- the thin wire bundle portion 13 is separated from the ingot by removing the insertion support portion 14 from the wafer side, and in the inserted state near the start or end of the wafer cutting, it is pushed too much into the processing groove GR.
- the tips of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b are operated so as to be separated from the ingot during the finishing process.
- the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are connected to the cutting wire portion CL by connecting the wafer with an ingot. For example, it is inserted between the wafers at a position separated by about 10 mm, for example.
- Each wafer is fixed by a wafer support portion inserted like a wedge between the wafers, and the distance between the cutting wire portion CL and the wafer processing surface is kept constant, so that stable finish electric discharge machining is performed.
- the direction of insertion or removal of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing is substantially parallel to the direction in which the wires of the cutting wire portion CL are arranged in parallel when the wafer is held from the wafer cutting processing start side. This is to prevent the wafer support portions 16a and 16b from being in a state of being blocked on the scanning locus of the cutting wire portion CL. In such a situation, in this system, a position that does not hinder the scanning trajectory of the cutting wire portion CL in order to avoid that the cutting wire portion CL and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing work interfere with each other to make electric discharge machining impossible. Inserted between the wafers to support the wafer.
- the nozzles 8a and 8b have jet nozzles arranged along the stretching direction of the cutting wire portion CL and collide with each other toward the discharge gap.
- a machining fluid flow is formed in the matching direction.
- the flow of the processing liquid is not hindered by the insertion of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b during the finishing process.
- the insertion directions of the two wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing coincide with the processing liquid supply direction from the nozzles 8a and 8b, the fine wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing.
- the insertion member is not twisted in the direction opposite to the insertion direction by the processing liquid, and can be smoothly inserted between the wafers.
- the locus 23 of the cutting wire part in the finish electric discharge machining of the wafer surface in FIG. 13 is an example.
- the cutting wire part instead of moving in the wafer parallel direction as shown in FIG. 13B, after returning to the cutting processing start position of FIG. 13A, the cutting wire portion CL is brought closer to the direction of the wafer surface to be finished, Even in the case of repeating scanning while performing electric discharge machining with the finishing machining energy setting along the wafer surface on one side, the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are each wafer. Can be maintained and electric discharge machining can be stabilized to obtain a high-quality wafer in the same manner.
- the wafer being processed from the workpiece 5 will not vibrate, and the distance between the electrodes between the cutting wire portion and the wafer processing surface will not fluctuate, so that electric discharge machining is stable.
- high-precision wafers with high-quality plate thickness with good processing surface quality can be obtained in large quantities at a time, so the load of grinding and polishing, which is the subsequent process of wafer cutting, can be reduced. Wafer cost can be reduced.
- Each cutting wire portion CL has an impedance due to the electrical resistance of the wire 3 between the adjacent cutting wire portions CL, and in order to maintain the independence of each cutting wire portion CL, other conduction paths are provided. It is not preferred that it be formed. Therefore, the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting processing that are inserted between the wafers and come into contact with the wafer and the thin wire bundle portion 13 that is a bundle-like portion of the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing processing are made of an insulating material. .
- the wire electric discharge machining is particularly effective for a material having high hardness because the machining speed does not depend on the hardness of the workpiece 5.
- the workpiece 5 include metals such as tungsten and molybdenum serving as sputtering targets, ceramics such as polycrystalline silicon carbide (silicon carbide) used as various structural members, single crystal silicon serving as a wafer for manufacturing semiconductor devices, and single crystals.
- Semiconductor materials such as crystalline silicon carbide and gallium nitride, single crystal or polycrystalline silicon used as a solar cell wafer can be targeted.
- silicon carbide and gallium nitride have high hardness, the mechanical wire saw method has a problem of low productivity and low processing accuracy.
- a wafer of silicon carbide or gallium nitride can be manufactured while achieving both high productivity and high processing accuracy.
- the cutting process and the finishing process can be realized by the same processing apparatus, unnecessary polishing due to misalignment or the like is not necessary, which is particularly effective for processing an expensive wafer.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus In the wire electric discharge machining apparatus according to the third embodiment, an example in which one wire 3 is wound around four main guide rollers 1a to 1d is shown. For example, three main guide rollers are arranged. A configuration is also possible.
- the adjacent wires are close to being insulated due to a resistance difference between the supplied wires between the adjacent wires constituting the parallel wire portion PS.
- the resistance value proportional to the wire length prevents the machining current from leaking out (around) the discharge portion of the workpiece 5. Therefore, when a wire is wound around a plurality of main guide rollers, it is sufficient that one loop of the wire is made sufficiently long so that the resistance difference between the above-mentioned supply electrons becomes large.
- the specific configuration is not particularly limited as long as the parallel wire portion PS is formed by repeatedly folding one wire 3 without being limited to the above embodiment.
- both sides of each wafer are finished, but after forming the device region on one side and forming the device, the back side is thinned by polishing or etch back.
- the back side is thinned by polishing or etch back.
- only one side may be finished.
- a portion (connecting portion) slightly connected to the workpiece 5 is cut.
- the ascending / descending moving stage 10 that raises and lowers the workpiece 5 in the cutting direction (vertical direction) and the wafer formed by cutting the workpiece 5 in parallel (horizontal direction) are processed.
- the wafer parallel moving stage 9 that moves the object 5 performs electric discharge machining while scanning the cutting wire portion CL in the depth direction of the machining groove GR while reciprocating between the wafers.
- the wafer support portions 15a and 15b at the time of cutting and the wafer support portions 16a and 16b at the time of finishing are provided, and the wafers are fixed by filling the processing grooves GR between the wafers.
- the wafer can be prevented from vibrating or tilting even when the finish electric discharge machining is performed by repeatedly scanning the cutting wire portion CL.
- the wire is short-circuited even in a wire scanning locus in which the vibration of the wafer being processed from the ingot is prevented to stably maintain the discharge gap and the distance between the cutting wire portion CL and the wafer surface is further approached. Therefore, stable electric discharge machining can be performed.
- each wafer support portion in the above configuration is inserted between the wafers from the parallel direction and parallel direction of the cutting wire portion, so that the processing liquid is inserted from the direction. Therefore, the flow of the processing liquid discharged from between the wafers to the outside is not hindered. For this reason, the wafer does not fluctuate due to fluctuations in the machining fluid flow during cutting and finishing. Further, since the machining waste can be efficiently discharged from the discharge gap, stable electric discharge machining can be performed without fluctuation of the distance between the electrodes.
- the recess in accordance with the outer shape of the workpiece is formed in the wafer parallel direction moving stage 9, and it is slidable only in the direction in which the spread due to the cutting occurs, so that the positional deviation can be achieved.
- Cutting is performed while suppressing, and finishing is performed while maintaining the position after cutting.
- the cutting wafer support part and the finishing wafer support part are used during the cutting process and the finishing process, the position can be moved only in the longitudinal direction of the ingot, and the cutting process and the finishing process are performed by the vertical movement of the support part. Therefore, cutting and finishing can be performed with high accuracy on a large number of wafers extremely efficiently.
- the cutting wire part at the time of cutting and the wafer support part at the time of finishing are inserted into the wafer being processed, the cutting wire part is scanned even when the cutting wire part finish-discharges the wafer processing start part. Stable electric discharge machining can be performed without disturbing the trajectory. Therefore, the surface roughness and flatness are good, there is no work-affected layer, the thickness variation within and between wafers is small, and multiple high-quality wafers finished with dimensions close to the final thickness are processed at once. There is an effect that it becomes possible to produce.
- the configurations of the wafer support portion at the time of cutting and the wafer support portion at the time of finishing are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any configuration that can support the wafer interval may be used.
- cutting is performed by extending the trajectory at the time of cutting without turning back the movement trajectory of the cutting wire relative to the workpiece.
- a plurality of wafers can be simultaneously processed from the workpiece.
- a workpiece including a hard material such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride can be cut into a thin plate with high productivity.
- an ingot as a workpiece is obtained by wire electric discharge machining using a cutting wire portion in which a plurality of wires are arranged in parallel as an electrode.
- wafer processing that simultaneously cuts multiple thin plates from each other, each wafer was not completely cut and separated from the ingot, and the tip of the processing groove was slightly connected with the ingot, and was formed by cutting up to that point
- Each wafer surface is scanned with a cutting wire portion while performing wire electric discharge machining, and by repeating the scanning, the work-affected layer on the wafer surface is gradually removed and the thickness of the wafer surface is molded to a predetermined dimension. Finishing to improve surface roughness.
- each wire constituting the cutting wire portion processed between the wafers is brought close to the wafer surface on the side to be processed from the wire trajectory at the time of cutting processing, and the finishing processing is performed.
- Each cutting wire portion is simultaneously scanned while performing electric discharge machining along the wafer surface.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus includes a pair of main guide rollers arranged in parallel at intervals, and is wound around the main guide rollers a plurality of times while being spaced apart at a constant pitch.
- a parallel wire portion is formed between the guide rollers, a plurality of wires that are provided between one wire that travels as the main guide roller rotates and a pair of main guide rollers, and that is driven and contacted by the parallel wire portion to suppress vibrations.
- a power source for applying a voltage between the electrons, a plurality of power supply units and the workpiece, a power supply line for connecting the machining power source to the plurality of electron supply units and the workpiece, and an ingot which is the workpiece Ascending / descending stage for relatively moving the wafer and the cutting wire portion up and down, a wafer parallel direction moving stage for relatively moving the ingot and the cutting wire portion in the wafer parallel direction, and wafer support for suppressing wafer vibration Part.
- a plurality of wafers are simultaneously cut from the ingot that is the workpiece by the electric discharge generated in the cutting wire portion as described above, and each processed wafer is completely cut.
- the cutting wire portion is brought close to one wafer side by several ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and then the scanning of the cutting wire portion is repeated while performing electric discharge machining on the wafer surface being formed.
- a wire electrical discharge machining apparatus that removes the work-affected layer on the surface to be the wafer surface, improves the surface roughness, improves the flatness of the wafer surface, and finishes to a plate thickness close to the required dimension,
- Each wafer which tends to fluctuate due to the flow and the weight of the wafer, is held at a predetermined position during electric discharge machining so that the distance between the electrodes between the cutting wire and the wafer processing surface does not fluctuate. This makes it possible to stabilize the electrical discharge machining and obtain a high-quality wafer.
- the processing accuracy in the simultaneous cutting processing of a plurality of wafers from the ingot is improved, and the work-affected layer on the wafer surface formed by the cutting processing is removed, and the surface roughness is good.
- high-quality wafers with little variation in wafer plate thickness and close to the final specifications can be obtained in large quantities by one ingot cutting process. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load in subsequent grinding and polishing in the wafer processing process, shorten the total processing time required for wafer processing, reduce the setup process, and reduce the cost of the wafer.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus is effective not only when a series of cutting and finishing processes are continuously performed in the same apparatus but also when only cutting is performed. Because it has means to move the workpiece relative to the cutting wire part in a direction perpendicular to the parallel direction of each wire constituting each cutting wire part, the position of the cutting surface is adjusted with high accuracy It is possible to perform cutting while maintaining a highly accurate plate thickness. Even when only finishing is performed, alignment according to conditions for each wafer, such as the thickness of the work-affected layer, is possible.
- Embodiment 4 The configuration and operation of the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the orientation flat surface is formed when the connecting portion is divided.
- the orientation flat surface can be formed when the connecting portion is divided.
- the wire is moved relative to the first step of cutting the ingot while leaving the connecting portion to form a cut cross section and the direction of approaching the cut cross section formed in the first step.
- a second step of performing a finishing process and after the second step, the wire is arranged at a position where the cutting of the semiconductor wafer is interrupted, and the electric discharge machining is performed in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction in the cutting process of the wire. And cutting the workpiece from the workpiece, and performing the fourth step of setting the cut-off portion as the orientation flat surface. That is, after the finishing process, the wire 3 is arranged at a position where the cutting of the semiconductor wafer is interrupted, and is cut from the workpiece by cutting by electric discharge machining in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction in the cutting process of the wire, This separation portion is the orientation flat surface. Thereby, the division and the formation of the orientation flat surface can be realized simultaneously.
- FIG. 14A and 14B are external views showing the position and operation of the wafer support 12 and the workpiece 5 at the time of division in the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 14A is a top view. b) is a front view.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the wire trajectory when the semiconductor wafer is cut off from the semiconductor ingot and the planarization after the semiconductor wafer is cut by the wire electric discharge machining method.
- the vibration of the semiconductor wafer or the like in the process of cutting the semiconductor wafer using the electric discharge machining method and the flattening of the cut surface is suppressed, and finally the substrate is accompanied by vibration while forming the orientation flat surface.
- the thickness and the outer shape of the semiconductor wafer are prevented from being changed.
- the wafer support portion 12 includes a thin wire bundle portion 13 in which fine wires having a diameter of several tens of ⁇ m and a length of about 30 mm are bundled, and the thin wire bundle portion 13 is a semiconductor that is the workpiece 5.
- the insertion support portion 14 is a handle that facilitates insertion into the cutting groove portion of the ingot, and has a shape similar to a brush as a whole.
- the fine wire constituting the fine wire bundle portion 13 is a non-conductive material having high flexibility and strength not to be deformed by its own weight, which is made of a resin such as nylon or polyacrylate and processed into a hair shape. It is done.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D are explanatory views showing the trajectory of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL in the cutting, flattening, and cutting of the semiconductor wafer by the wire electric discharge machining method.
- a cross section of the object 5 is shown. Further, black circles and the like indicate cross sections of the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL.
- a pulse voltage is applied to the wire 3 of the cutting wire portion CL to cut the workpiece 5 halfway, leaving a few mm until it is completely cut, and then temporarily suspending the cutting process, then the wire of the cutting wire portion CL While applying a pulse voltage to 3, the wire 3 is made to approach about several ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in one cutting cross-sectional direction, and then the wire 3 is scanned upward in a discharged state.
- the electric discharge machining conditions at this time are slightly weaker than the electric discharge machining conditions in the cutting process.
- the pulse voltage is 50 V, which is half of the pulse voltage in the cutting process.
- the unevenness of the work-affected layer formed at the time of cutting can be removed little by little, and a flat cut surface can be obtained, and the cutting process is interrupted.
- the cutting surface was scanned by using the wire used for cutting as it was and the cutting surface was flattened. Adjustment of the position such as alignment is unnecessary, the manufacturing process can be shortened, and a semiconductor wafer with good characteristics can be obtained with high productivity.
- the portion connected to the semiconductor ingot that is the workpiece 5 is cut using an electric discharge machining method.
- the wire 3 is returned again to the position where the cutting process is interrupted, the electric discharge machining conditions are the same as the cutting of the wire 3, and then the workpiece 5 is moved in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. And each semiconductor wafer is simultaneously cut.
- FIG. 15D is a diagram showing a state at the time of division.
- the orientation flat can be easily formed without adding a separate process, and the thin wire bundle portion 13 of the wafer support portion 12 can be inserted between the semiconductor wafers to suppress vibration. A good semiconductor wafer can be obtained in which there is no variation in the substrate thickness of the semiconductor wafer due to vibration.
- the wire electric discharge machining apparatus and the semiconductor wafer manufacturing method according to the present invention are useful for manufacturing a semiconductor device for forming a semiconductor wafer from an ingot, and are particularly effective in improving productivity and are expensive.
- it is useful for forming thin silicon wafers or compound semiconductor wafers, which are prone to warpage and distortion, particularly material wafers having high hardness and poor workability, such as silicon carbide and gallium nitride.
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Abstract
Description
<ワイヤ放電加工装置の構成>
図1および図2に沿って本発明の実施の形態1に係るワイヤ放電加工装置の構成を説明する。図1は、実施の形態1におけるワイヤ放電加工装置の構成を示す側面図である。図2は、実施の形態1におけるワイヤ放電加工装置の構成を示す斜視図である。
本実施の形態におけるワイヤ放電加工装置による切断について述べる。ワイヤ放電加工は、脱イオン水等の加工液で満たされたワイヤ3と被加工物5との間の微小な放電ギャップにおいてアーク放電を生じさせて被加工物5を切断するものである。具体的には、被加工物5の表面がアークにより加熱されて高温となり、放電ギャップに存在する加工液が爆発的に蒸発して被加工物5の高温となった部分を吹き飛ばす。吹き飛ばされた部分は加工屑となって加工液中に浮遊する。
ワイヤ放電加工装置により被加工物5を切断し、半導体ウエハが完全に切断されてしまう前に切断工程を中断し、切断加工断面の平坦化を行う。図3、4を用いて、本実施の形態1の切断断面の平坦化手法を説明する。
切断面の平坦化工程が終了した後、被加工物5である半導体インゴットと繋がっている部分を放電加工法を用いて切り離す。まず、切断工程を中断した位置まで、再びワイヤ3を戻し、ワイヤ3を切断と同じ放電加工条件とした後、図3の紙面に垂直方向に被加工物5を移動させ、半導体インゴットと各半導体ウエハを同時に切断する。半導体ウエハには半導体ウエハの表裏を判別するための切り欠き(オリフラ:オリエンテーションフラット)が必要であるが、本発明では、ウエハに加工する半導体インゴットは、オリフラ部分が半導体インゴットの最下面となるように結晶方位を考慮して外周研磨等を行った半導体インゴットを用いれば、あらためて位置を確認してオリフラを作成する手間が不要であり加工効率を向上させることができる。
本発明の実施の形態2の構成および動作について説明する。本実施の形態に係るワイヤ放電加工装置においては、放電加工法を用いた半導体ウエハの切断および切断面の平坦化の工程での半導体ウエハ等の振動を抑制し、振動に伴う基板厚みの変動等を防止するものであり、その他の放電加工による切断等に関しては、実施の形態1と同様の構成および動作を用いているため説明を省略し、実施の形態1と異なる加工中の半導体ウエハの振動を抑制するウエハ支持部の構成と動作を中心に説明する。
図9は、本発明の実施の形態3にかかるワイヤ放電加工装置の主要部の構成を示す側面図であり、また、図10は前記ワイヤ放電加工装置の概略を表す斜視図である。本実施の形態1のワイヤ放電加工装置は、間隔をおいて平行に配設された一対のガイドローラとしてのメインガイドローラ1c、1dと、前記一対のメインガイドローラ1c、1d間に一定のピッチで離間しながら複数回巻回されて前記一対のメインガイドローラ1c、1d間に並列ワイヤ部PSを形成し、前記メインガイドローラ1c、1dの回転に伴って走行する1本のワイヤ3と、前記一対のメインガイドローラ1c、1d間に設けられ、前記並列ワイヤ部PSに従動接触して、制振する複数の切断ワイヤ部CLを形成する一対の制振ガイドローラ7a,7bと、前記複数の切断ワイヤ部CLにそれぞれ給電する複数の給電子(給電子ユニット6a~6d)と、前記切断ワイヤ部CLに対して被加工物5を、前記切断ワイヤ部CLを構成するワイヤ3の並列方向、および、前記各切断ワイヤ部CLを構成するワイヤ3の並列方向と直角方向に相対的に移動する手段と、切断ワイヤ部CLの張架方向に平行であって、かつ、前記被加工物5の両側に配設され、前記切断ワイヤ部CLの張架方向と略平行に移動する、切断加工時ウエハ支持部15a,15bおよび仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部16a,16bと、前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部15a,15bおよび前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部16a,16bを被加工物5に対して接近・離反する挙動を制御するウエハ支持部挿入制御板18a,18bとを備えている。そして、これら複数の切断ワイヤ部CLは、前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部15a,15bによって支持された前記被加工物5との間の放電によるエネルギーにより、被加工物5を複数のウエハ5Wに同時に切断加工する機能と、前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部16a,16bによって支持された前記被加工物5との間の放電によるエネルギーにより、複数のウエハ5Wの表面を同時に仕上げ加工する機能とを備えたことを特徴とする。11は電源ユニットであり、各機能を実行するために各部位に給電するとともに各部位の駆動を制御する。
本発明の実施の形態4の構成および動作について説明する。本実施の形態に係るワイヤ放電加工装置では、連結部を分断する際にオリフラ面を形成するものである。この場合、オリフラ面を形成するための外周研磨をしない状態のインゴットを用いて加工した場合、連結部を分断する際にオリフラ面を形成することができる。本実施の形態では、インゴットから連結部を残して切断し、切断加工断面を形成する第1の工程と、この第1の工程でできた切断加工断面に対して近づく方向にワイヤを相対移動し仕上げ加工を行なう第2の工程と、この第2の工程の後に、前記半導体ウエハの切り出しを中断した位置に前記ワイヤを配置し、前記ワイヤの切断工程での進行方向に直交する方向に放電加工による切断を行って前記被加工物から切り離し、この切り離し部分をオリフラ面とする第4の工程を行うことを特徴とする。つまり、仕上げ加工工程の後に、半導体ウエハの切り出しを中断した位置にワイヤ3を配置し、ワイヤの切断工程での進行方向に直交する方向に放電加工による切断を行って前記被加工物から切り離し、この切り離し部分をオリフラ面とするものである。これにより、分断とオリフラ面の形成とが同時に実現可能となる。
Claims (14)
- 間隔をおいて平行に配設された一対のガイドローラと、
前記一対のガイドローラ間に一定のピッチで離間しながら複数回巻回されて前記一対のガイドローラ間に並列ワイヤ部を形成し、前記ガイドローラの回転に伴って走行する1本のワイヤと、
前記一対のガイドローラ間に設けられ、前記並列ワイヤ部に従動接触して、制振した複数の切断ワイヤ部を形成する一対の制振ガイドローラと、
前記複数の切断ワイヤ部にそれぞれ給電する複数の給電子と、
前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤにより切断されて形成された一対の切断面のいずれか一方に、前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤを他方よりも近接させるように、前記切断ワイヤ部に対して被加工物を、前記切断ワイヤ部を構成する各ワイヤの並列方向、および、前記各切断ワイヤ部を構成する各ワイヤの並列方向と直角方向に相対的に移動する手段と、
を備え、
前記いずれか一方の切断面を放電加工状態で走査することにより前記切断面を同時に仕上げ加工するように構成された、
ことを特徴とするワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 切断加工時に前記ウエハを支持する切断加工時ウエハ支持部と、
仕上げ加工時に前記ウエハを支持する仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部とを有し、
前記複数の切断ワイヤ部が、前記複数の切断ワイヤ部の放電加工によって前記被加工物から切り出される複数のウエハを完全に分離せず、その一部が前記被加工物と一体となっている状態で連結部を残して前記仕上げ加工を完了した後に前記連結部を切断する機能を有する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部は、前記切断ワイヤ部による放電加工を行いながらウエハ面の走査を複数回繰り返すように構成された、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部および前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部を前記被加工物に対して接近・離反する挙動を制御するウエハ支持部挿入制御板を具備し、
前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部および前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部は、前記切断ワイヤ部の張架方向に平行であって、かつ、前記被加工物の両側に配設され、前記切断ワイヤ部の張架方向と略平行に移動するように構成された、
ことを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部および前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部は、
切断加工によって形成され、ウエハ間領域となる加工溝に挿入されてウエハ間隔を保持する挿入部と、前記挿入部を支持する挿入支持部と、前記挿入支持部に接続された転がりローラとからなり、
前記転がりローラが前記ウエハ支持部挿入制御板の表面形状に沿って転動することによって、前記被加工物に形成された前記加工溝内への前記挿入部の挿入量が制御されるようにした、
ことを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記挿入部は細線を束状にした細線束部であり、
前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部および前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部は、前記被加工物の両側に配置され、前記被加工物の外形表面に対して、前記切断ワイヤ部の張架方向から略平行に押し付けられ、前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部および前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部の前記細線束部が前記被加工物に形成された各加工溝に挿入されることによって、前記ウエハを保持し、前記ウエハの振動を防止するように構成された、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記ウエハ支持部挿入制御板の表面形状は、前記被加工物の外形形状と相似形である、
ことを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 前記ウエハ支持部挿入制御板は、前記切断加工時ウエハ支持部、および、前記仕上げ加工時ウエハ支持部に対して、前記切断ワイヤ部を構成する各ワイヤの並列方向と直角方向に相対的に移動する、
ことを特徴とする請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工装置。 - 間隔をおいて平行に配設された複数のガイドローラと、
複数の前記ガイドローラ間に一定のピッチで離間して巻き掛けられ、一対の前記ガイドローラ間に切断ワイヤ部を形成した前記ガイドローラの回転に伴って走行する1本のワイヤと、
前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤに給電する給電子と、
前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤにより切断されて形成された一対の切断面のいずれか一方に、前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤを他方よりも近接させるように、前記切断ワイヤ部に対して被加工物を、前記切断ワイヤ部を構成する各ワイヤの並列方向、および、前記各切断ワイヤ部を構成する各ワイヤの並列方向と直角方向に相対的に移動する手段と、
を備えたワイヤ放電加工装置を用いた半導体ウエハの製造方法であって、
前記切断ワイヤ部により被加工物の切断を行い、前記被加工物からの複数のウエハの切り出しを行なう第1の工程と、
前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤを用いて前記第1の工程で切断されて形成された一対の切断面のいずれか一方に、前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤを他方よりも近接させ、前記切断面を放電加工した状態で走査する第2の工程と、
を備えた、
ことを特徴とする半導体ウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第1の工程は、前記切断ワイヤ部により被加工物の切断を行い、一部が前記被加工物と繋がった状態で、前記被加工物からの半導体ウエハの切り出しを中断する工程を含み、
前記切断ワイヤ部のワイヤを用いて前記第1の工程で切断された切断面を放電加工した状態で走査する第2の工程と、
を備えた、
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体ウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の工程を複数回行う、
ことを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載の半導体ウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の工程の後に、前記半導体ウエハの切り出しを中断した位置に前記ワイヤを配置し、放電加工しながら前記ワイヤにより切断した隙間の厚み方向に往復させ、同時に中断した切り出し工程を進める第3の工程を行う、
ことを特徴とする請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ウエハの製造方法。 - 前記第2の工程の後に、前記半導体ウエハの切り出しを中断した位置に前記ワイヤを配置し、前記ワイヤの切断工程での進行方向に直交する方向に放電加工による切断を行って前記被加工物から切り離し、この切り離し部分をオリフラ面とする第4の工程を行う、
ことを特徴とする請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ウエハの製造方法。 - 前記被加工物は、炭化物あるいは窒化物の少なくとも一方を成分とする半導体インゴットである、
ことを特徴とする請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載の半導体ウエハの製造方法。
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