WO2013150955A1 - パターン形成方法、パターン形成装置、及びコンピュータ可読記憶媒体 - Google Patents
パターン形成方法、パターン形成装置、及びコンピュータ可読記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013150955A1 WO2013150955A1 PCT/JP2013/059264 JP2013059264W WO2013150955A1 WO 2013150955 A1 WO2013150955 A1 WO 2013150955A1 JP 2013059264 W JP2013059264 W JP 2013059264W WO 2013150955 A1 WO2013150955 A1 WO 2013150955A1
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- block copolymer
- ultraviolet light
- film
- inert gas
- substrate
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- H01L21/033—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers
- H01L21/0334—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/0337—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising inorganic layers characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31127—Etching organic layers
- H01L21/31133—Etching organic layers by chemical means
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- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67155—Apparatus for manufacturing or treating in a plurality of work-stations
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a self-organizing (DSA) lithography technique, a pattern forming method using the technique, a pattern forming apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes the pattern forming apparatus to perform the pattern forming method.
- DSA self-organizing
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-87106 filed in Japan on April 6, 2012 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-285132 filed in Japan on December 27, 2012. And the contents thereof are incorporated herein.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1 In recent years, practical application of self-organized lithography technology using the property that block copolymers are arranged in a self-organized manner has been studied (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- a solution of a block copolymer including, for example, an A polymer chain and a B polymer chain is applied to a substrate.
- the A polymer chain and the B polymer chain which are in solid solution at random, are phase-separated to form regularly arranged A polymer regions and B polymer regions.
- a mask having a predetermined pattern is formed.
- a block copolymer for example, a block copolymer (poly (styrene)-where the A polymer chain is polystyrene (PS) and the B polymer chain is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) is used.
- PS-b-PMMA block-methyl methacrylate
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 1, etc.
- the solubility of the PMMA region is high, that is, the solubility of the PMMA region is high, that is, the solubility of the PMMA region is low.
- Etc. are preferably used. This is because when the solubility ratio is small, the PS region in the pattern formed with the organic solvent becomes thin, and the mask may disappear when the underlying layer is etched using the pattern as an etching mask.
- the present invention provides a pattern forming method, a pattern forming apparatus, and a pattern forming method capable of improving the solubility ratio of an A polymer region and a B polymer region in an organic solvent in a block copolymer.
- a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that implements the above is provided.
- a pattern forming method comprising: irradiating the copolymer film with ultraviolet light in an inert gas atmosphere; and supplying an organic solvent to the block copolymer film irradiated with the ultraviolet light.
- a coating liquid containing a block copolymer is supplied to a substrate, and a film forming unit that forms a film of the block copolymer on the substrate, and the block is formed by the film forming unit.
- a pattern forming apparatus comprising: an ultraviolet light irradiation unit that irradiates ultraviolet light in an atmosphere; and a liquid processing unit that supplies an organic solvent to the block copolymer film irradiated with the ultraviolet light.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program that causes a pattern forming apparatus to perform the pattern forming method described above.
- the solubility ratio of the A polymer region and the B polymer region in the block copolymer to the organic solvent can be improved as compared with the conventional one.
- FIG. 3 It is a schematic diagram which shows the liquid processing unit of the pattern formation apparatus of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the ultraviolet light irradiation unit of the pattern formation apparatus of FIG. 3 is a graph showing absorption coefficients of PS, PMMA, and PS-b-PMMA with respect to the wavelength of ultraviolet light.
- a solution also referred to as a coating solution
- PS-b-PMMA polystyrene (PS) -polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block copolymer
- organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is highly compatible with PS and PMMA constituting PS-b-PMMA, and may be, for example, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) or the like.
- a PS-b-PMMA film 21 is formed as shown in FIG.
- phase separation occurs in the PS-b-PMMA. Due to this phase separation, as shown in the inset in FIG. 1B, the PS regions DS and the PMMA regions DM are alternately arranged.
- the width of the PS region DS is determined by an integral multiple of the molecular length of PS
- the width of the PMMA region DM is determined by an integral multiple of the molecular length of PMMA
- the PMMA area DM is repeatedly arranged at a predetermined pitch (the width of the PS area DS + the width of the PMMA area DM). Further, since the width of the PS region DS is determined by the number of polymerization of PS molecules and the width of the PMMA region DM is determined by the number of polymerization of PMMA molecules, a desired pattern can be determined by adjusting the number of polymerization. Note that it is preferable to form a guide pattern on the surface of the wafer W in order to arrange the PS region DS and the PMMA region DM of PS-b-PMMA in a predetermined pattern.
- the light source L irradiates ultraviolet light under an inert gas atmosphere such as.
- ultraviolet light will not be specifically limited if it has the wavelength component which belongs to an ultraviolet light area
- an Xe excimer lamp that emits ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 172 nm can be suitably used as the light source L.
- the PS-b-PMMA film 21 When the PS-b-PMMA film 21 is irradiated with ultraviolet light, a cross-linking reaction occurs in PS, so that PS hardly dissolves in an organic solvent, whereas in PMMA, the main chain is cleaved. It is thought that it becomes easy to dissolve in a solvent.
- the irradiation intensity is preferably about 180 mJ or less.
- the PS-b-PMMA film 21 is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 172 nm with a dose amount greater than 180 mJ, when the organic solvent is supplied to the PS-b-PMMA film 21 later, the organic solvent enters the PS region DS.
- the penetration becomes easy, and as a result, the PS region DS swells and the PMMA region DM is hardly removed. Furthermore, when the dose amount of ultraviolet light is larger than 180 mJ, the PMMA region DM may be denatured and solidified, and may be difficult to dissolve in an organic solvent.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere around the wafer W is lowered by the inert gas.
- the oxygen concentration in the inert gas atmosphere is, for example, 400 ppm or less.
- an organic solvent OS is supplied to the PS-b-PMMA film 21.
- the organic solvent OS dissolves the PMMA region DM in the film 21 and the PS region DS remains on the surface of the wafer W.
- the organic solvent OS for example, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can be preferably used.
- FIG. 2A to 2D are top views, and FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D are II corresponding to FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D. It is sectional drawing along a line.
- a photoresist layer PL is formed on the surface of the wafer W, and a plurality of holes H are formed in the photoresist layer PL as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2A. Two holes H are shown).
- the hole H can be formed by a conventional photolithography technique.
- the inner diameter of the hole H may be about 90 nm, for example.
- toluene is used as a solvent, and PS-b-PMMA is dissolved in this solvent to prepare a coating solution.
- the solid component concentration of PS-b-PMMA in the coating solution may be, for example, 2% by volume.
- a coating liquid is applied onto the photoresist layer PL and the wafer W by, for example, a spin coater to form a PS-b-PMMA film 21.
- the hole H is filled with a film 21 of PS-b-PMMA.
- PS and PMMA are randomly mixed with each other.
- the PS-b-PMMA film 21 is irradiated with ultraviolet light (wavelength 172 nm), for example, for about 10 seconds to about 60 seconds (exposure) using an Xe excimer lamp in an inert gas atmosphere.
- ultraviolet light wavelength 172 nm
- an organic solvent for example, IPA
- IPA is dropped onto the wafer W on which the PS-b-PMMA film 21 is formed, and IPA is deposited on the film 21.
- the IPA is dried by rotating the wafer W. Thereby, as shown in FIGS. 2D and 2D, a hole h defined by the PS region DS is formed.
- the hole h has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter (90 nm) of the hole H formed in the photoresist layer PL.
- the inner diameter of the hole h can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of PS and PMMA of PS-b-PMMA, and is about 30 nm in this example.
- a hole having an inner diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the hole h is formed in the wafer W.
- a limit dimension for example, about 60 nm
- FIGS. 3A to 3C when the PS-b-PMMA film is exposed to ultraviolet light in an inert gas atmosphere, a hole h is formed by the PS region.
- FIG. 3 (d) when the PS-b-PMMA film is exposed to ultraviolet light in an air atmosphere, the holes are compared with the holes shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c). (It should be noted that the magnification of the SEM images in FIG. 3D is larger than the magnification of the SEM images in FIGS. 3A to 3C), and holes are formed. Some parts are not done.
- the PS-b-PMMA film Under an atmosphere containing a high concentration of oxygen (the oxygen concentration in the air is about 20%), the PS-b-PMMA film is excessively oxidized and altered by ultraviolet light, so that the PMMA region is dissolved in IPA. It is thought that it becomes difficult to put out. Further, referring to FIG. 3D, since the surface (the surface of the PS region) is rough, it is considered that the PS region is also excessively oxidized and deteriorated.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM image showing a cross section of a hole formed according to the above-described method.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional image obtained by cutting the wafer W, the photoresist layer PL, and the PS region along the line II in FIG. 2D and observing with a SEM from a direction perpendicular to the cut surface.
- the PS region in the hole H is removed, and the hole H is visible instead of the hole h.
- FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional image before development by IPA
- the thickness of the PS region DS on the photoresist layer PL is about 15 nm
- FIG. 4B shows a cross-sectional image after development. Also in FIG. 4B, the thickness of the PS region DS on the photoresist layer PL is about 15 nm. That is, the PS region DS is hardly dissolved in IPA. Considering that the PMMA region is almost completely dissolved by development, the solubility ratio (PMMA solubility / PS solubility) becomes almost infinite.
- FIG. 4 (c) shows the result of developing a PS-b-PMMA film with oxygen plasma using a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the pattern forming apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a schematic top view showing the pattern forming apparatus 10. 5 and 6, the pattern forming apparatus 10 includes a cassette station S1, a processing station S2, and an interface station S3.
- a cassette stage 24 and a transfer arm 22 are provided on the cassette stage 24, a plurality (four in the illustrated example) of cassettes C that can accommodate a plurality of (for example, 25) wafers W are placed.
- the direction in which the cassettes C are arranged is referred to as the X direction for the sake of convenience, and the direction orthogonal thereto is referred to as the Y direction. Since the transfer arm 22 transfers the wafer W between the cassette C on the cassette stage 24 and the processing station S2, the transfer arm 22 can move up and down, can move in the X direction, can expand and contract in the Y direction, and can rotate about the vertical axis. It is configured.
- the processing station S2 is coupled to the cassette station S1 on the + Y direction side.
- two coating units 32 are arranged along the Y direction, and above these, the liquid processing unit 31 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 are arranged in this order in the Y direction (FIG. 5).
- the shelf unit R1 is disposed on the + X direction side with respect to the coating unit 32 and the liquid processing unit 31, and the shelf unit R2 is disposed on the + X direction side with respect to the coating unit 32 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40.
- processing units corresponding to processing performed on the wafer are stacked as will be described later.
- a main transport mechanism MA (FIG. 6) is provided almost at the center of the processing station S 2, and the main transport mechanism MA has an arm 71.
- the arm 71 can move up and down and move in the X and Y directions in order to carry the wafer W in and out of the coating unit 32, the liquid processing unit 31, the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40, and the processing units of the shelf units R1 and R2. It is possible to rotate around the vertical axis.
- the shelf unit R1 includes a heating unit 61 for heating the wafer W, a cooling unit 62 for cooling the wafer W, a hydrophobizing unit 63 for hydrophobizing the wafer surface, and a wafer W temporarily.
- a pass unit 64 having a stage placed on the substrate and an alignment unit 65 for aligning the wafer W are arranged in the vertical direction.
- a plurality of CHP units 66 for heating and then cooling the wafer W, a pass unit 67 having a stage on which the wafer W is temporarily placed, and the like are arranged in the vertical direction. Note that the types and arrangement of the units in the shelf units R1 and R2 are not limited to those shown in FIG. 7, and may be variously changed.
- the liquid processing unit 31 includes a housing 31C, and the spin chuck 2 that rotatably holds the wafer W in the housing 31C and the surface of the wafer W held by the spin chuck 2 are movable.
- the chemical solution supply nozzle 5 for supplying (discharging) the organic solvent to the wafer W and the outer periphery of the wafer W held by the spin chuck 2 are surrounded by the chemical solution supply nozzle 5 and supplied to the surface of the wafer W.
- a cup 6 that receives the organic solvent scattered by the rotation.
- a loading / unloading port (not shown) for the wafer W is provided on one side wall of the housing 31C, and the loading / unloading port can be opened and closed by a shutter (not shown).
- the cup 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape whose bottom surface is closed and whose top surface is open, for example.
- An exhaust port 6 a and a drain port 6 b are provided at the bottom of the cup 6.
- An exhaust pipe 16 connected to an exhaust device (not shown) such as an exhaust pump is connected to the exhaust port 6a.
- a discharge pipe 17 connected to a factory drain is connected to the drain 6b, and the organic solvent recovered by the cup 6 is discharged to the outside of the liquid processing unit 31.
- a servo motor 12 is connected to the spin chuck 2, and the servo motor 12 rotates the spin chuck 2 and the wafer W held by the spin chuck 2 at a predetermined rotation speed.
- three support pins 14 for supporting the wafer W and moving up and down are provided so as to surround the spin chuck 2 (two support pins 14 are shown in FIG. 8).
- the support pin 14 can be moved up and down through a through hole (not shown) formed in the bottom of the cup 6 by a lifting drive mechanism 15 such as a cylinder.
- the support pins 14 can be projected to a position higher than the upper surface of the spin chuck 2 by the lift drive mechanism 15, and the wafer W can be transferred to the spin chuck 2.
- the chemical solution supply nozzle 5 is supported by a rotation / lifting arm 25 that is disposed outside the cup 6 and is connected to a moving mechanism 20 having a horizontal rotation and a lifting function.
- the moving mechanism 20 By the moving mechanism 20, the chemical solution supply nozzle 5 can be moved between an outer position of the cup 6 (position indicated by a dotted line) and a position above the center of the wafer W (position indicated by a solid line).
- the chemical solution supply nozzle 5 is connected to a chemical solution supply source 39 for storing an organic solvent via a chemical solution supply pipe 39C, and can supply the organic solvent supplied from the chemical solution supply source 39 to the wafer W. it can.
- the branch pipe 39B is connected to the chemical liquid supply pipe 39C, and the branch pipe 39B is connected to the additive supply source 39A.
- the additive supply source 39A for example, a hydrophobizing agent (described later) such as a silylating agent is stored, and the hydrophobizing agent is applied to the organic solvent supplied from the chemical solution supply source 39 by switching a valve (not shown). Can be added.
- the chemical solution supply pipe 39C and the branch pipe 39B may be provided with a flow rate regulator for adjusting the flow rates of the organic solvent and the hydrophobizing agent.
- a rinse liquid discharge nozzle 8 for supplying a rinse liquid toward the wafer W held by the spin chuck 2 is provided outside the cup 6.
- the rinse liquid discharge nozzle 8 is provided with a standby portion 8a.
- the rinse liquid discharge nozzle 8 can be moved between the upper center of the wafer W and the standby unit 8a by a moving mechanism and a rotation / lifting arm (not shown) as in the case of the chemical liquid supply nozzle 5.
- the rinsing liquid discharge nozzle 8 is connected to a rinsing liquid supply source (not shown) installed outside the liquid processing unit 31 via a rinsing liquid supply pipe (not shown), thereby rinsing liquid supply source.
- the rinsing liquid supplied from the wafer W can be supplied to the wafer W.
- the coating unit 32 (FIG. 5) has the same configuration as the liquid processing unit 31. However, for example, a solution (coating solution) obtained by dissolving PS-b-PMMA in an organic solvent is stored in the chemical solution supply source 39, and PS-b-PMMA is supplied from the chemical solution supply nozzle 5. A duplicate description of the coating unit 32 is omitted.
- the interface station S3 is coupled to the + Y direction side of the processing station S2, and the exposure apparatus 200 is coupled to the + Y direction side of the interface station S3.
- the exposure apparatus 200 can be used to form the hole H of the photoresist layer PL in the formation of the hole h described with reference to FIG.
- a transport mechanism 76 (FIG. 6) is arranged at the interface station S3.
- the transfer mechanism 76 can move up and down, move in the X direction, and expand and contract in the Y direction to load and unload the wafer W between the pass unit 67 (FIG. 7) of the shelf unit R2 in the processing station S2 and the exposure apparatus 200. It is possible to rotate around the vertical axis.
- the pattern forming apparatus 10 is provided with a control unit 100 for controlling the operation of the entire apparatus.
- the control unit 100 includes a processor formed by a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), etc., and a process controller 100a that controls each part or member of the pattern forming apparatus 10, a user interface unit 100b, A storage unit 100c is provided.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- MPU Micro Processing Unit
- a storage unit 100c is provided.
- the user interface unit 100b includes a keyboard on which a process manager inputs commands to manage the pattern forming apparatus 10, a display for displaying the operation status of the pattern forming apparatus 10, and the like.
- the storage unit 100c stores a recipe in which a control program (software) and processing condition data for realizing various processes executed by the pattern forming apparatus 10 are controlled by the process controller 100a. If necessary, an arbitrary recipe is called from the storage unit 100c according to an instruction from the user interface unit 100b and is executed by the process controller 100a, so that the pattern forming apparatus 10 can perform a desired process under the control of the process controller 100a.
- the function is executed to perform a desired process. That is, for example, the program controls the computer so that the pattern forming apparatus 10 functions as a unit that executes a pattern forming method described later.
- the program (and recipe such as processing condition data) is stored in a computer-readable program recording medium 100d (for example, a hard disk, a compact disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a flexible disk, etc.). It is installed in the storage unit 100c through an input / output (I / O) device (not shown). Or you may install in the memory
- I / O input / output
- the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 includes a wafer chamber 51 in which the wafer W is accommodated, and a light source chamber 52 that irradiates the wafer W accommodated in the wafer chamber 51 with ultraviolet light. Yes.
- the wafer chamber 51 includes a housing 53, a transmission window 54 that is provided on the ceiling of the housing 53 and can transmit ultraviolet light, and a susceptor 57 on which the wafer W is placed.
- the transmission window 54 is made of, for example, quartz glass.
- the susceptor 57 has a disk shape and has a heater 68 inside.
- the heater 68 is connected to a temperature regulator 69, whereby the temperature of the susceptor 57 is adjusted to a predetermined temperature.
- a plurality of (for example, three) support pins 58 that support the wafer W are provided on the upper surface of the susceptor 57.
- the susceptor 57 has a diameter equal to or slightly larger than that of the wafer W, and is preferably formed of a thermal conductivity having a high thermal conductivity, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or aluminum.
- the plurality of support pins 58 have a function of suppressing excessive heating of the wafer W and promoting cooling of the wafer W after heating. For this reason, it is desirable that the support pins 58 be formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity of, for example, 100 W / (m ⁇ k) or more, for example, silicon carbide (SiC). In order to promote heat conduction from the wafer W to the susceptor 57, the number of support pins 58 is not limited to three, and a larger number of support pins 58 may be provided.
- a cooling water flow channel 55 a is formed inside the base plate 55. Then, cooling water is supplied from the cooling water supply device 70 to the flowing water passage 55a, and the entire base plate 55 is cooled to a predetermined temperature. Moreover, it is preferable that the support
- the wafer chamber 51 is moved up and down through the base plate 55 and the susceptor 57 to support the wafer W from below when the wafer W is loaded and unloaded, and the lift pins 59 are moved up and down.
- a lifting mechanism 60 is provided.
- a wafer W loading / unloading port (not shown) is formed on one side wall of the casing 53, and the wafer W is loaded into the wafer chamber 51 by the arm 71 of the main transfer mechanism MA through the wafer 53. It is carried out from 51.
- a shutter (not shown) is provided at the loading / unloading port, and the loading / unloading port is opened and closed by the shutter. It is preferable that the shutter can close the loading / unloading port in an airtight manner.
- an inert gas introduction port 51A is provided on the side wall of the housing 53, and an inert gas exhaust port 51B is provided on the bottom of the housing 53.
- An inert gas supply source 81 in which an inert gas is stored (filled) is connected to the inert gas introduction port 51A, and the inert gas supply source 81 passes through the inert gas introduction port 51A to the inside of the wafer chamber 51. Active gas is supplied.
- the light source chamber 52 disposed above the wafer chamber 51 includes a light source L that irradiates the wafer W in the wafer chamber 51 with ultraviolet light, and a power source 72 that supplies power to the light source L.
- the light source L is accommodated in the housing 73.
- An irradiation window 74 is provided at the bottom of the housing 73 in order to transmit the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source L to the wafer chamber 51.
- the irradiation window 74 is made of, for example, quartz glass. Ultraviolet light from the light source L is emitted toward the wafer chamber 51 through the irradiation window 74, and ultraviolet light that has passed through the transmission window 54 of the wafer chamber 51 is irradiated onto the wafer W.
- the PS-b-PMMA film formed on the wafer W by the coating unit 32 is heated and exposed as follows. That is, the wafer W on which the PS-b-PMMA film is formed is loaded into the wafer chamber 51 by the arm 71 of the main transfer mechanism MA, received by the lift pins 59, and placed on the support pins 58 on the susceptor 57. After the arm 71 of the main transfer mechanism MA is withdrawn from the wafer chamber 51, the shutter is closed and the inside of the wafer chamber 51 is isolated from the external environment.
- the wafer W supported by the support pins 58 is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heater 68 of the susceptor 57.
- the heat of the wafer W is transmitted to the base plate 55 through the support pins 58 and the susceptor 57, and the wafer W is cooled to, for example, about room temperature (about 23 ° C.). .
- the wafer W After the wafer W reaches about room temperature, power is supplied from the power source 72 to the light source L, and ultraviolet light is emitted from the light source L.
- the ultraviolet light is irradiated on the surface of the wafer W under an inert gas atmosphere through the irradiation window 74 of the light source chamber 52 and the transmission window 54 of the wafer chamber 51. Since the dose required for exposure of the PS-b-PMMA film is determined by “illuminance ⁇ irradiation time”, it is preferable to determine the irradiation time according to the illuminance of the ultraviolet light through, for example, preliminary experiments.
- the wafer W is unloaded from the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 by a procedure reverse to that for loading the wafer W. Thereafter, the wafer W is transferred to the liquid processing unit 31 where the PS-b-PMMA film is developed with an organic solvent (eg, IPA). That is, the PMMA region is melted and a pattern constituted by the PS region is obtained.
- the pattern forming apparatus 10 according to the second embodiment the pattern forming method according to the first embodiment can be suitably implemented. That is, the effects and advantages exhibited by the pattern forming method according to the first embodiment are also exhibited by the pattern forming apparatus 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the PS-b-PMMA block copolymer in which phase separation occurs due to heating and the PS region and the PMMA region are regularly arranged.
- This film is exposed to ultraviolet light in an inert gas atmosphere and developed with an organic solvent, whereby a fine pattern of PS regions can be formed.
- the excessive reaction of PMMA and oxygen by ultraviolet light can be suppressed. For this reason, alteration of PMMA can be suppressed, and therefore, a decrease in solubility of PMMA in an organic solvent can be prevented.
- the solubility of PMMA in IPA can be made higher than the solubility of PS, and the solubility ratio can be improved.
- the solubility ratio can be further improved.
- the pattern forming method according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to the formation of line and space patterns.
- the line may fall due to the surface tension of the IPA when the substrate is dried after forming the line composed of the PS region by development with an organic solvent such as IPA.
- a hydrophobizing agent such as a silylating agent
- silylating agents examples include trimethylsilyldimethylamine (TMSDMA), dimethylsilyldimethylamine (DMSDMA), trimethylsilyldiethylamine (TMSDEA), hexamethylzinelazan (HMDS), and trimethylzinelazan (TMDS).
- TMSDMA trimethylsilyldimethylamine
- DMSDMA dimethylsilyldimethylamine
- TMSDEA trimethylsilyldiethylamine
- HMDS hexamethylzinelazan
- TMDS trimethylzinelazan
- the hydrophobizing agent may be added to the organic solvent from the additive supply source 39A of the coating unit 32 in the second embodiment through the branch pipe 39B, or to the chemical solution supply source 39.
- An organic solvent to which a hydrophobizing agent is added may be stored in advance.
- the organic solvent may be rinsed with a liquid having a smaller surface tension.
- a liquid having a smaller surface tension.
- examples of such a liquid include alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol.
- Such a liquid can be supplied to the wafer W from the rinse liquid discharge nozzle 8 of the liquid processing unit 31 of FIG.
- PS-b-PMMA is exemplified as the block copolymer.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and examples thereof include polybutadiene-polydimethylsiloxane, polybutadiene-4-vinylpyridine, and polybutadiene-methyl methacrylate.
- the organic solvent for developing the PS-b-PMMA film is not limited to IPA, and for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, xylene, or the like can be used.
- IPA methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, xylene, or the like
- the temperature of the organic solvent may be increased according to the organic solvent used.
- the temperature in the case of IPA, for example, it is preferable to raise the temperature to, for example, 40 ° C. to 60 ° C. By increasing the temperature, the solubility of the PMMA region in the organic solvent can be increased.
- the Xe excimer lamp that emits ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 172 nm is exemplified as the ultraviolet light source L.
- a low-pressure ultraviolet lamp low-pressure mercury lamp
- a KrCl excimer lamp that emits single wavelength light having a wavelength of 222 nm may be used.
- the light source L may be constituted by a lamp having a relatively broad emission spectrum from the far ultraviolet region to the vacuum ultraviolet region and a wavelength cut filter that shields a wavelength longer than, for example, about 230 nm.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the absorption coefficient of PS, PMMA, and PS-b-PMMA with respect to the wavelength of ultraviolet light.
- the PS-b-PMMA as a whole has a high absorption coefficient.
- the absorption coefficient of PMMA itself is extremely low. Therefore, in fact, at 193 nm, the progress of the main chain cleavage reaction in PMMA is slow, and as a result, processing takes time.
- both PS and PMMA show relatively high absorption coefficients, and both the crosslinking reaction in PS and the main chain separation reaction in PMMA proceed relatively quickly. Therefore, the processing time is shortened compared with the case of 193 nm. According to the graph, a relatively high absorption coefficient is obtained for both PS and PMMA even at wavelengths shorter than 172 nm.
- the ultraviolet light irradiation atmosphere requires a lower oxygen concentration. For example, at 160 nm, a substantially vacuum state is required.
- 172 nm ultraviolet light is sufficient even under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas as described above.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet light used in the present invention is most preferably 172 nm.
- the irradiation time of ultraviolet light can be appropriately adjusted according to the block copolymer used, the thickness of the block copolymer, the intensity of the ultraviolet light used, and the like.
- the pattern forming apparatus 10 in which the liquid processing unit 31 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 are incorporated has been described.
- the liquid processing unit 31 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 are different from each other in the pattern forming apparatus 10. It may be provided separately from the pattern forming apparatus 10 without being incorporated into the pattern forming apparatus 10.
- the liquid processing unit 31 and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 may be integrally configured.
- the pattern forming apparatus according to another embodiment may be configured by combining the liquid processing unit 31, the coating unit 32, and the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40.
- the susceptor 57 of the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 includes a heater 68, and the block copolymer film is heated in the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40.
- a heating unit for heating the block copolymer film is provided. You may provide separately from the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40 instead of in the ultraviolet light irradiation unit 40.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年4月6日に日本国に出願された特願2012-87106号、及び2012年12月27日に日本国に出願された特願2012-285132号に基づき、優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そこで、例えば特許文献1では、基板上に塗布されたブロック共重合体に対して、電子線、γ線、又はX線などのエネルギー線を照射し、照射されたブロック共重合体を水系溶媒や有機溶媒でリンスする方法が検討されている。相分離したPS-b-PMMAにエネルギー線を照射すると、PMMAの主鎖が切断されて有機溶剤に溶けやすくなるため、溶解度比を大きくすることも可能である。しかし、Aポリマー領域とBポリマー領域との溶解度比をできる限り大きくすることが望ましいところ、十分な溶解度比を実現できているとは言い難い。
図1を参照しながら、本発明の第1の実施形態によるパターン形成方法について説明する。まず、ポリスチレン(PS)-ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)ブロック共重合体(以下、PS-b-PMMA)を有機溶媒に溶解した溶液(塗布液とも言う)が用意される。有機溶媒は、PS-b-PMMAを構成するPS及びPMMAと相溶性の高いものであれば特に限定されることなく、例えばトルエン、プロピレングリコール・モノメチルエーテル・アセテート(PGMEA)などであって良い。
次に、例えばトルエンを溶媒として用い、この溶媒にPS-b-PMMAを溶かすことにより塗布液を作製する。塗布液中のPS-b-PMMAの固形成分濃度は例えば2体積%であって良い。上記のフォトレジスト層PL及びウエハW上に例えばスピンコータにより塗布液を塗布し、PS-b-PMMAの膜21を形成する。ここで、図2(B)及び(b)に示すように、ホールHは、PS-b-PMMAの膜21により埋め込まれている。また、このときPSとPMMAは互いにランダムに混ざり合っている。
ウエハWを室温程度まで冷却した後、不活性ガス雰囲気下においてXeエキシマランプを用いてPS-b-PMMAの膜21に紫外光(波長172nm)を例えば約10秒から約60秒間照射(露光)する。
露光後、例えば後述する液処理ユニットにおいて、PS-b-PMMAの膜21が形成されたウエハWに対して有機溶剤(例えばIPA)が滴下され、膜21上にIPAを液盛りする。例えば約30秒から約3分経過した後に、ウエハWを回転することによりIPAを乾燥させる。これにより、図2(D)及び(d)に示すように、PS領域DSにより画成されるホールhが形成される。ホールhは、フォトレジスト層PLに形成されたホールHの内径(90nm)よりも小さい内径を有している。ホールhの内径は、PS-b-PMMAのPSとPMMAの混合比により調整することができ、本例では約30nmである。このようなホールhを有する、PS-b-PMMAの膜21をマスクとして用いて、下地のウエハWをエッチングすると、ホールhの内径とほぼ等しい内径を有するホールがウエハWに形成される。このように本実施形態によるパターン形成方法によれば、従来のフォトリソグラフィー技術により実現可能な限界寸法(例えば約60nm)よりも小さい内径を有するホールhを得ることが可能となる。
次に、図5から図9までを参照しながら、第1の実施形態によるパターン形成方法(ホール形成方法を含む)を実施するのに好適な、本発明の第2の実施形態によるパターン形成装置について説明する。図5は、本実施形態によるパターン形成装置10を示す概略斜視図であり、図6は、パターン形成装置10を示す概略上面図である。図5及び図6を参照すると、パターン形成装置10は、カセットステーションS1、処理ステーションS2、及びインターフェイスステーションS3を有している。
搬送アーム22は、カセットステージ24上のカセットCと処理ステーションS2との間でウエハWの受け渡しを行なうため、昇降可能、X方向に移動可能、Y方向に伸縮可能、鉛直軸まわりに回転可能に構成されている。
ず、種々に変更して良い。
なお、薬液供給管39C及び分岐管39Bに、有機溶剤及び疎水化剤の流量を調整する流量調整器を設けて良いことは勿論である。
できる。
また、筐体53の一側壁には、ウエハWの搬入出口(不図示)が形成されており、これを通して、主搬送機構MAのアーム71によりウエハWがウエハチャンバ51内へ搬入され、ウエハチャンバ51から搬出される。搬入出口にはシャッタ(不図示)が設けられ、シャッタにより搬入出口が開閉される。シャッタは、搬入出口を気密に閉じることができることが好ましい。
主搬送機構MAのアーム71がウエハチャンバ51から退出した後、シャッタが閉じてウエハチャンバ51内が外部環境から隔離される。そして、不活性ガス供給源81から例えば窒素ガスなどの不活性ガスをウエハチャンバ51内へ所定の時間供給すると、ウエハチャンバ51内に残留する空気がパージされる。これによりウエハチャンバ51内が不活性ガス雰囲気になる。
第2の実施形態によるパターン形成装置10によれば、第1の実施形態によるパターン形成方法を好適に実施することができる。すなわち、第1の実施形態によるパターン形成方法により発揮される効果や利点は、第2の実施形態によるパターン形成装置10によっても発揮される。
したがって、これらの点を鑑みれば、本発明で使用される紫外光の波長は、172nmが最も好ましい。
PL・・・フォトレジスト層
S1・・・カセットステーション
S2・・・処理ステーション
S3・・・インターフェイスステーション
31・・・液処理ユニット
5・・・薬液供給ノズル
32・・・塗布ユニット
39・・・薬液供給源
39A・・・添加剤供給源
40・・・紫外光照射ユニット
51・・・ウエハチャンバ
52・・・光源チャンバ
57・・・サセプタ
58・・・支持ピン
68・・ヒータ
81・・・不活性ガス供給源
OS・・・有機溶剤
DS・・・PS領域
DM・・・PMMA領域
W・・・ウエハ
L・・・光源
Claims (13)
- ブロック共重合体を用いて基板上にパターンを形成するパターン形成方法であって、
少なくとも2種類のポリマーを含むブロック共重合体の膜を基板に形成するステップと、
前記ブロック共重合体の膜を加熱するステップと、
加熱された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して不活性ガスの雰囲気の下で紫外光を照射するステップと、
紫外光が照射された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に有機溶剤を供給するステップと、
を有する。 - 請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法において、
前記紫外光は200nm以下の波長成分を含む。 - 請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法において、
前記不活性ガス中の酸素濃度が400ppm以下である。 - 請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法において、
前記有機溶剤には疎水化剤が添加される。 - 請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法において、
前記有機溶剤がイソプロピルアルコールである。 - 請求項1に記載のパターン形成方法において、
前記ブロック共重合体の膜を前記基板に形成することに先立って、前記基板に対して、凹部を有するフォトレジスト層を形成するステップを有する。 - ブロック共重合体を用いて基板上にパターンを形成するパターン形成装置であって、
基板にブロック共重合体を含む塗布液を供給し、該基板上にブロック共重合体の膜を形成する膜形成部と、
前記膜形成部により前記ブロック共重合体の膜が形成された前記基板を加熱する加熱部と、
内部に不活性ガスを供給する不活性ガス供給部を含み、加熱された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して不活性ガス雰囲気下で紫外光を照射する紫外光照射部と、
前記紫外光が照射された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して有機溶剤を供給する液処理部と、
を有する。 - 請求項7に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記加熱部が前記紫外光照射部内に設けられている。 - 請求項7に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記紫外光照射部は、200nm以下の波長成分を含む紫外光を発する光源を有している。 - 請求項7に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記不活性ガス供給部は、含有酸素濃度が400ppm以下である不活性ガスを貯留する。 - 請求項7に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記液処理部には、前記有機溶剤が貯留される第1の供給源が設けられる。 - 請求項11に記載のパターン形成装置において、
前記液処理部には、疎水化剤が貯留される第2の供給源が設けられ、
前記第2の供給源と前記第1の供給源とが、所定の配管により接続されている。 - ブロック共重合体を用いて基板上にパターンを形成するパターン形成方法を、パターン形成装置に実行させるよう当該パターン形成装置を制御するコンピュータプログラムを記憶するコンピュータ可読記憶媒体であって、
前記パターン形成方法は、
少なくとも2種類のポリマーを含むブロック共重合体の膜を基板に形成するステップと、
前記ブロック共重合体の膜を加熱するステップと、
加熱された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して不活性ガスの雰囲気の下で紫外光を照射するステップと、
紫外光が照射された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に有機溶剤を供給するステップと、
を有し、
前記パターン形成装置は、
基板にブロック共重合体を含む塗布液を供給し、該基板上にブロック共重合体の膜を形成する膜形成部と、
前記膜形成部により前記ブロック共重合体の膜が形成された前記基板を加熱する加熱部と、
内部に不活性ガスを供給する不活性ガス供給部を含み、加熱された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して不活性ガス雰囲気下で紫外光を照射する紫外光照射部と、
前記紫外光が照射された前記ブロック共重合体の膜に対して有機溶剤を供給する液処理部と、
を有する。
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TWI723052B (zh) | 2015-10-23 | 2021-04-01 | 日商東京威力科創股份有限公司 | 基板處理方法、程式及電腦記憶媒體 |
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