WO2013145784A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1288—Application of a tension-inducing coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a so-called grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which steel crystal grains are accumulated in a Miller index with ⁇ 110 ⁇ planes on the plate surface and ⁇ 001> direction in the rolling direction.
- grain-oriented electrical steel sheets exhibit excellent magnetic properties by performing secondary recrystallization annealing and accumulating the crystal grains in ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation (hereinafter referred to as Goth orientation).
- Goth orientation ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation
- magnetic loss magnetic flux density B 8 at 800 A / m
- excitation loss iron loss per 1 kg of steel sheet when magnetized to 1.7 T with an alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz W 17/50 is mainly used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method using AlN and MnS
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method using MnS and MnSe, both of which are industrially used.
- the uniform fine dispersion of the inhibitors is an ideal state, and in order to achieve this, the slab before hot rolling must be heated at a high temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher. With such high-temperature slab heating, excessive coarsening occurs in the slab crystal structure. At this time, since the orientation of the slab structure is likely to grow in the ⁇ 100 ⁇ ⁇ 011> orientation, which is the hot-rolling stable orientation, the coarsening of the slab structure as described above results in the secondary recrystallization grain growth. This greatly hinders the magnetic characteristics.
- the first pass of rough rolling is subjected to high pressure in a temperature range of 1280 ° C. or higher, thereby generating nuclei from ⁇ grain boundaries.
- a technique for promoting and obtaining a uniform recrystallized structure is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 for the purpose of recrystallization of the surface layer of the hot rolled sheet, a surface roughness of 1050 to 1150 ° C. is used using a roll having a surface roughness of 4 to 8 ⁇ mRa in order to increase the shear strain amount of the surface layer of the hot rolled sheet.
- a technique for performing hot rolling at a rolling reduction of 40 to 60% in a temperature range is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 a silicon steel slab containing 0.01 to 0.06 wt% of C is subjected to a high pressure of 40% or more in the first pass of finish hot rolling, and the latter half is 30% or less per pass.
- a light pressure By applying a light pressure, the Goss orientation grains existing on the surface layer of the hot-rolled sheet are increased.
- a technique for growing only the next recrystallized grains is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 specifies high-pressure rolling at 1280 ° C or higher in rough hot rolling, but the technical idea is high-pressure rolling in the ⁇ single phase region, and depending on the component, even at 1280 ° C or higher. There was a problem that a ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) two-phase region was obtained, and a sufficient uniform recrystallized structure could not be obtained.
- Patent Document 4 although the shear strain of the hot-rolled sheet surface layer is increased by finishing hot rolling control, it is the sheet thickness center layer in which shear strain is difficult to be introduced in the first place. Had a problem in promoting it.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 it is presumed that mainly the temperature range of the high ⁇ phase fraction is under high pressure, but the maximum ⁇ phase fraction temperature range varies greatly depending on the material components. For this reason, there is a problem that the magnetic improvement effect is insufficient because a certain component is subjected to high pressure in a temperature range outside the maximum ⁇ phase fraction temperature range.
- the inventors have refined the ferrite grain in the hot-rolled sheet by performing the above-described hot rolling, and refined the hot-rolled sheet structure by phasing out the ⁇ phase finely and uniformly, It was also found that the texture of the primary recrystallized plate can be controlled well with the refinement of the hot rolled plate structure.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above knowledge, and in hot rolling, at least one pass of the rough rolling process and at least one pass of the finish rolling process has a high pressure in a predetermined temperature range based on the material components. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet using austenite ( ⁇ ) -ferrite ( ⁇ ) transformation that exhibits excellent magnetic properties after secondary recrystallization by under-rolling.
- the present invention further controls the directional electrical steel sheet by controlling the temperature increase rate in a predetermined temperature range in the temperature increase process of primary recrystallization annealing, or by performing magnetic domain subdivision processing. Magnetic characteristics can be improved.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. In mass%, Si: 3.0% to 4.0%, C: 0.020% to 0.10%, Ni: 0.005% to 1.50%, Mn: 0.005% or more 0.3% or less, acid-soluble Al: 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less and N: 0.002% or more and 0.012% or less, and one or two selected from S and Se A steel slab containing a total of 0.05% or less of the seeds, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, hot-rolled after slab heating, and then with or without hot-rolled sheet annealing, one time or intermediate annealing.
- This is a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising a series of steps in which a final sheet thickness is obtained by performing cold rolling at least twice with a primary recrystallization annealing followed by a secondary recrystallization annealing.
- the following formula (1) When calculated the alpha single phase phase leaving the temperature to T alpha, the first pass at (T ⁇ -100) °C temperature above rolling reduction performs rough rolling of 30% or more, Furthermore, in the finish rolling process of the hot rolling, when the maximum ⁇ phase fraction temperature calculated from the following equation (2) is T ⁇ max , at least one pass is reduced in the temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that performs finish rolling with a rate of 40% or more.
- T ⁇ [° C.] 1383.98-73.29 [% Si] +2426.33 [% C] +271.68 [% Ni] (1)
- T ⁇ max [°C] 1276.47-59.24 [ % Si] +919.22 [% C] +149.0 3 [% Ni] (2)
- [% A] indicates the content (mass%) of element A in steel.
- the steel slab is further contained by mass%: Sn: 0.005% to 0.50%, Sb: 0.005% to 0.50%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5% and P : The method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to 1 above, containing one or more selected from 0.005% to 0.50%.
- the texture of the primary recrystallized plate can be controlled so as to be strongly accumulated in the Goss orientation in the product plate. It becomes possible to manufacture a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has a core loss W 17/50 after the secondary recrystallization annealing of 0. Excellent iron loss characteristics of 85 W / kg or less can be achieved.
- Si 3.0% or more and 4.0% or less Si is an element that is extremely effective in increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing eddy current loss that constitutes part of iron loss.
- Si is added to the steel sheet, the electrical resistance increases monotonously up to a content of 11%, but the workability is remarkably lowered when the content exceeds 4.0%.
- Si is set in the range of 3.0% to 4.0%.
- C 0.020% or more and 0.10% or less C is an element necessary for improving the hot-rolled structure by utilizing the austenite-ferrite transformation during soaking in hot rolling and hot-rolled sheet annealing.
- the C content exceeds 0.10%, not only the load of the decarburization treatment increases, but also the decarburization itself becomes incomplete and causes magnetic aging in the product plate.
- the C content is less than 0.020%, the effect of improving the hot-rolled structure is small, and it becomes difficult to obtain a desired primary recrystallized texture. Therefore, C is set in the range of 0.020% or more and 0.10% or less.
- Ni 0.005% or more and 1.50% or less Since Ni is an austenite generating element, Ni is a useful element for improving the hot rolled sheet structure and improving magnetic properties by utilizing the austenite transformation. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 1.50%, the workability deteriorates and the plateability deteriorates, and secondary recrystallization occurs. Is unstable and the magnetic properties are deteriorated, so Ni is set in the range of 0.005 to 1.50%.
- Mn 0.005% or more and 0.3% or less
- Mn is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet because MnS and MnSe act as an inhibitor in suppressing normal grain growth in the temperature raising process of secondary recrystallization annealing. Is an important element.
- Mn content is less than 0.005%, the absolute amount of the inhibitor is insufficient, so that the ability to suppress normal grain growth is insufficient.
- Mn content exceeds 0.3%, in the process of heating the slab before hot rolling, not only high temperature slab heating is required to completely dissolve Mn, but also the inhibitor is coarsely precipitated. For this reason, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is insufficient. Therefore, Mn is set in the range of 0.005% to 0.3%.
- Acid-soluble Al 0.01% or more and 0.05% or less Acid-soluble Al has a directionality because AlN acts as an inhibitor in suppressing normal grain growth during the temperature increase process of secondary recrystallization annealing. It is an important element in electrical steel sheets.
- the content of acid-soluble Al is less than 0.01%, the absolute amount of the inhibitor is insufficient, and thus the ability to suppress normal grain growth is insufficient.
- the content of acid-soluble Al exceeds 0.05%, AlN is coarsely precipitated, so that the ability to suppress normal grain growth is still insufficient. Therefore, the acid-soluble Al is in the range of 0.01% to 0.05%.
- N 0.002% or more and 0.012% or less N binds to Al to form an inhibitor, but if the content is less than 0.002%, the absolute amount of the inhibitor is insufficient, and the ability to suppress normal grain growth It becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.012%, voids called blisters are generated during cold rolling, and the appearance of the steel sheet deteriorates. Therefore, N is set in the range of 0.002% to 0.012%.
- S and Se Sum of one or two selected from S and Se: 0.05% or less S and Se combine with Mn to form an inhibitor, but when the content exceeds 0.05%, secondary In recrystallization annealing, de-S and De-Se are incomplete, which causes iron loss deterioration. Therefore, the total amount of one or two selected from S and Se is set to 0.05% or less.
- the total amount of one or two selected from S and Se is set to 0.05% or less.
- Sn 0.005% to 0.50%
- Sb 0.005% to 0.50%
- Cu 0.005% to 1.5%
- P 0.005% to 0.50%
- Sn, Sb, Cu and P are elements useful for improving the magnetic properties, but if the respective contents are less than the lower limit of the above range, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is poor, while the respective contents If the value exceeds the upper limit of the above range, secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic properties deteriorate. Therefore, Sn: 0.005% to 0.50%, Sb: 0.005% to 0.50%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5% and P: 0.005% to 0.000.
- Each can be contained in a range of 50% or less.
- the steel slab having the above composition is slab heated and hot rolled.
- a major feature of the present invention is that, in the hot rolling rough rolling step (also simply referred to as rough hot rolling in the present invention) and finish rolling step (also referred to as finishing hot rolling in the present invention), Si, C when the temperature output alpha single phase phase determined from the amount of Ni added was T alpha, and the maximum ⁇ phase fraction temperature when formed into a T .gamma.max, for first pass Sonetsunobe, the surface temperature, (T The rolling under high pressure is performed at ⁇ - 100) ° C. or higher, and rolling is performed under high pressure at a temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C. for at least one pass during the finishing hot rolling process.
- T ⁇ max For T ⁇ max , first, the temperature at which the component reaches the maximum ⁇ phase fraction is estimated using thermodynamic calculation software (Thermo-Calc). Next, using a reproducible thermal cycle tester, the tissue is frozen by quenching after 30 minutes of soaking in 5 ° C increments for an approximate temperature range of ⁇ 30 ° C. The pearlite fraction in the range of about 130 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m was measured by observing the structure of the steel sheet at that time using an optical microscope, and the average value of the five fields of view was taken as the ⁇ phase fraction.
- T ⁇ max by the above procedure are also shown in Table 1. Based on the results of the same table, the relationship between the added amounts of Si, C and Ni and T ⁇ and T ⁇ max is obtained by multiple regression calculation, and the following two formulas, that is, formulas (1) and (2) are obtained.
- T ⁇ [° C.] 1383.98-73.29 [% Si] +2426.33 [% C] +271.68 [% Ni] (1)
- T ⁇ max [°C] 1276.47-59.24 [ % Si] +919.22 [% C] +149.03 [% Ni] ⁇ (2)
- [% A] indicates the content (mass%) of element A in steel.
- Each slab shown in Table 1 was heated to a temperature of 1400 ° C., and then subjected to rough hot rolling—first pass temperature and rolling reduction and finishing hot rolling—first pass temperature and rolling reduction under various conditions.
- primary cold rolling was performed until the plate thickness became 1.7 mm, and intermediate annealing was performed at 1100 ° C. for 60 s. Further, it was cold-rolled until the plate thickness reached 0.23 mm, and subjected to primary recrystallization annealing that also served as decarburization annealing for 120 s at 800 ° C.
- the annealing separation agent which has MgO as a main component was apply
- the secondary recrystallization annealing which served also as the purification annealing of 50 h at 1150 degreeC was performed, and the test piece under each condition was obtained.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 show No. 1 in Table 1.
- the magnetic properties of 3, 15, and 20 materials are shown.
- rough hot rolling with a rolling reduction ratio of the first pass ⁇ 30% is performed at a temperature of (T ⁇ ⁇ 100) ° C. or more, and the first pass is performed in a temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C. It can be seen that good magnetic properties are exhibited by applying a finish hot rolling with a rolling reduction of ⁇ 40%.
- the upper limit of the temperature in the first pass of rough hot rolling is not particularly defined, but considering air cooling after high-temperature slab heating, the upper limit of the rolling reduction is about 1350 ° C. From this viewpoint, about 60% is preferable.
- the rough hot rolling is performed in a total pass of about 2 to 7 passes, but the temperature and the reduction rate after the second pass are not particularly limited, and the temperature is about (T ⁇ -150) ° C. or more, and the reduction rate is It may be about 20% or more.
- the upper limit of the finish hot rolling reduction is preferably about 80% from the viewpoint of the biting angle.
- the final hot rolling is performed in a total of about 4 to 7 passes.
- the reduction rate is in the temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C. even after the second pass. It was found that the effect of the present invention can be obtained in any timing pass if the finish hot rolling is ⁇ 40%. Therefore, in the present invention, in the finish hot rolling process, at least one pass may be finished rolling with a rolling reduction of 40% or more in a temperature range of ( T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C.
- the texture improving effect as described above is exhibited, and good magnetic properties can be exhibited in the product plate.
- the fine phase of the ⁇ phase in the hot rolling that is a feature of the present invention.
- the hot-rolled sheet structure can be improved by annealing the hot-rolled sheet.
- the hot-rolled sheet annealing at this time is preferably performed under conditions of a soaking temperature: 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less and a soaking time: 2 s or more and 300 s or less.
- the soaking temperature of hot-rolled sheet annealing is less than 800 ° C., the improvement of the hot-rolled sheet structure is not complete, and an unrecrystallized portion remains, so that a desired structure may not be obtained.
- the soaking temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., dissolution of AlN, MnSe, and MnS proceeds, and the inhibitory power of the inhibitor is insufficient in the secondary recrystallization process, resulting in no secondary recrystallization, resulting in deterioration of magnetic properties. Will be caused. Therefore, it is preferable that the soaking temperature of hot-rolled sheet annealing is 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time for hot-rolled sheet annealing is preferably 2 s or more and 300 s or less.
- the conditions for intermediate annealing may follow conventionally known conditions, soaking temperature: 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less, soaking time: 2 s or more and 300 s or less, and in the cooling process after intermediate annealing,
- the cooling rate in the 800 to 400 ° C. section is preferably a rapid cooling treatment of 10 ° C./s or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the soaking temperature of the intermediate annealing before the final cold rolling is preferably 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
- the soaking time is less than 2 s, the high temperature holding time is short, and the unrecrystallized portion remains, making it difficult to form a desired structure.
- the soaking time exceeds 300 s, the dissolution of AlN, MnSe, and MnS proceeds, the inhibitor repressing power is insufficient in the secondary recrystallization process, and secondary recrystallization does not occur. May cause. Therefore, it is preferable that the soaking time of the intermediate annealing before the final cold rolling is 2 s or more and 300 s or less.
- the cooling rate in the 800-400 ° C. section in the cooling process after the intermediate annealing before the final cold rolling is preferably 10 ° C./s or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- a better primary recrystallized texture can be obtained by setting the reduction ratio in the final cold rolling to 80% or more and 92% or less.
- the steel sheet rolled to the final plate thickness by the final cold rolling is preferably subjected to primary recrystallization annealing at a soaking temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower.
- primary recrystallization annealing can also be performed also as decarburization of a steel plate, for example, if it is performed in a wet hydrogen atmosphere.
- the soaking temperature in the primary recrystallization annealing is less than 700 ° C., there is a possibility that unrecrystallized portions remain and a desired structure cannot be obtained.
- the primary recrystallization annealing is preferably performed at 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower.
- the texture improvement effect as described above is achieved by performing a normal primary recrystallization annealing that satisfies the above conditions.
- the texture of the primary recrystallized plate can be further increased by performing primary recrystallization annealing in which the heating rate between 500 ° C and 700 ° C until reaching the soaking temperature of primary recrystallization annealing is 50 ° C / s or more.
- S orientation ( ⁇ 12 4 1 ⁇ ⁇ 014>) strength ratio and goth orientation ratio can be increased, thereby improving the iron loss characteristics by increasing the magnetic flux density after secondary recrystallization and reducing the crystal grain size. It becomes possible.
- the temperature range of the primary recrystallization annealing corresponds to the recovery of the structure because the purpose of the primary recrystallization annealing is to rapidly reheat and recrystallize the temperature range corresponding to the recovery of the structure after cold rolling.
- the rate of temperature increase from 500 ° C. to 700 ° C. is important, and it is preferable to define the range. Specifically, when the temperature increase rate in the temperature range is less than 50 ° C./s, the recovery of the structure at the temperature cannot be sufficiently suppressed, so the temperature increase rate is set to 50 ° C./s or more. It is preferable. In addition, although there is no restriction
- the primary recrystallization annealing generally also serves as decarburization annealing, and may be performed in an appropriate oxidizing atmosphere (for example, P H2O / P H2 > 0.1).
- an appropriate oxidizing atmosphere for example, P H2O / P H2 > 0.1.
- nitriding treatment in which N is contained in the steel in the range of 150 to 250 ppm between the time after the primary recrystallization annealing and the start of the secondary recrystallization annealing.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO can be applied to the surface of the steel sheet, and then secondary recrystallization annealing can be performed.
- the annealing atmosphere at this time is a hydrogen atmosphere, the annealing can also be performed.
- a desired grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is obtained through an insulating coating application process and a planarization annealing process.
- a conventional method may be followed.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produced by satisfying the above conditions has a very high magnetic flux density after secondary recrystallization, and also has low iron loss characteristics.
- having a high magnetic flux density indicates that only the orientation in the vicinity of the Goth orientation has been preferentially grown in the secondary recrystallization process.
- increasing the magnetic flux density potentially increases the secondary recrystallized grain size. This is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing hysteresis loss, but may be disadvantageous from the viewpoint of reducing eddy current loss.
- magnetic domain subdivision processing can be performed.
- the magnetic domain refinement process By applying the magnetic domain refinement process, the increase in eddy current loss due to the coarsening of the secondary recrystallization grain size is improved. Together with the reduction in hysteresis loss, it is extremely higher than the embodiment of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet described above. Good iron loss characteristics can be obtained.
- all conventionally known heat-resistant or non-heat-resistant magnetic domain subdivision methods can be applied. In particular, an electron beam or continuous laser is applied to the steel sheet surface after secondary recrystallization. When the used magnetic domain refinement treatment is performed, the magnetic domain refinement effect can be penetrated into the thickness of the steel sheet, so that iron loss characteristics lower than those of other magnetic domain refinement treatments such as an etching method can be obtained.
- Example 1 After heating the steel composition slab shown in Table 2 at a temperature of 1420 ° C., the first hot rolling at 1280 ° C. is performed at a reduction rate of 40%, and the first hot rolling at 1180 ° C. is performed at a reduction rate of 50%. And hot rolled to a thickness of 2.6 mm. Then, hot-rolled sheet annealing was performed at 1050 ° C. for 40 s. Then, after cold rolling to a thickness of 1.6 mm and intermediate annealing at 1080 ° C. for 80 s, the steel sheet was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.23 mm and also used for decarburization at 820 ° C. for 120 s. Recrystallization annealing was performed.
- T ⁇ [° C.] 1383.98-73.29 [% Si] +2426.33 [% C] +271.68 [% Ni] (1)
- T ⁇ max [°C] 1276.47-59.24 [ % Si] +919.22 [% C] +149.03 [% Ni] ⁇ (2)
- [% A] indicates the content (mass%) of element A in steel.
- the first pass of rough hot rolling is subjected to high pressure in the temperature range of (T ⁇ -100) ° C. or higher, and the first hot rolling pass is in the temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C.
- excellent magnetic properties were obtained.
- the reason why the excellent magnetic properties were not obtained is that the temperature of the first hot rolling finish is higher than the maximum ⁇ phase fraction temperature range calculated from the components. This is presumably because the recrystallization of the ferrite grains and the uniform phase out of the ⁇ phase were not sufficient.
- Example 2 After heating the steel composition slab shown in Table 3 at a temperature of 1420 ° C., the first hot rolling at 1280 ° C. was performed at a reduction rate of 40%, and the first hot rolling at 1180 ° C. was performed at a reduction rate of 50%. And hot rolled to a thickness of 2.6 mm. Then, hot-rolled sheet annealing was performed at 1050 ° C. for 40 s. Then, after cold rolling to a plate thickness of 1.8 mm and intermediate annealing at 1080 ° C. for 80 s, the sheet thickness was cold rolled to 0.27 mm and also used for decarburization of 120 s at 820 ° C. Recrystallization annealing was performed.
- Table 3 shows the results of T ⁇ , T ⁇ max calculated from the above formulas (1) and (2), and the results of finish annealing plate magnetic measurement.
- Example 3 Examples 1 and 2 described above are the results of performing the temperature increase rate between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C. in the primary recrystallization annealing at 20 ° C./s. Therefore, No. 1 in Example 1 was used. Using a sample that was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.23 mm under the condition of 2 (invention example), the rate of temperature increase between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C. in the primary recrystallization annealing was as shown in Table 4. Furthermore, the test which changes a magnetic domain fragmentation processing method was done.
- etching groove a groove having a width of 150 ⁇ m, a depth of 15 ⁇ m, and a rolling direction interval of 5 mm was formed in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction on one side of the steel sheet cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.23 mm.
- the electron beam was continuously irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction on one side of the steel sheet after the finish annealing under the conditions of acceleration voltage: 100 kV, irradiation interval: 5 mm, and beam current: 3 mA.
- the laser was continuously irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction on one side of the steel sheet after finish annealing under the conditions of beam diameter: 0.3 mm, output: 200 W, scanning speed: 100 m / s, and irradiation interval: 5 mm.
- Table 4 also shows the measurement results of the magnetic characteristics.
- Example 4 Examples 1, 2 and 3 are the results of experiments conducted at the strain rate of 8.0 s ⁇ 1 in the temperature range of (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C. in the first pass of finish hot rolling. Therefore, No. 1 in Example 1 was used.
- the material 3 (invention example), an experiment was conducted in which only the strain rate of one pass of the finish hot rolling was changed. Using the rolling reduction and rolling speed as shown in Table 5, at least 1 pass of finishing hot rolling is performed at 1150 ° C. corresponding to (T ⁇ max ⁇ 50) ° C. to adjust the strain rate, and then 2.0 mm Until hot rolled. Subsequently, hot-rolled sheet annealing was performed at 1100 ° C. for 60 s.
Abstract
Description
1.質量%で、Si:3.0%以上4.0%以下、C:0.020%以上0.10%以下、Ni:0.005%以上1.50%以下、Mn:0.005%以上0.3%以下、酸可溶性Al:0.01%以上0.05%以下およびN:0.002%以上0.012%以下を含有し、さらにSおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種を合計で0.05%以下含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼スラブを、スラブ加熱後、熱間圧延し、ついで熱延板焼鈍を施すかまたは施さず、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施すことによって最終板厚とした後、一次再結晶焼鈍を施して、さらに二次再結晶焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、上記熱間圧延の粗圧延工程において、下記(1)式から算出したα単相相出温度をTαとするとき、1パス目を(Tα-100)℃以上の温度で、圧下率が30%以上の粗圧延を行い、
さらに、該熱間圧延の仕上げ圧延工程において、下記(2)式から算出した最大γ相分率温度をTγmaxとするとき、少なくとも1パスを(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域で、圧下率が40%以上の仕上げ圧延を行う方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
Tα[℃]=1383.98-73.29[%Si]+2426.33[%C]+271.68[%Ni] ・・・・(1)
Tγmax[℃]=1276.47-59.24[%Si]+919.22[%C]+149.0
3[%Ni] ・・・・(2)
ただし、[%A]はA元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。
Si:3.0%以上4.0%以下
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を増大させ、鉄損の一部を構成する渦電流損を低減するのに極めて有効な元素である。鋼板に、Siを添加していった場合、含有量が11%までは、電気抵抗が単調に増加するものの、含有量が4.0%を超えたところで、加工性が著しく低下する。一方、含有量が3.0%未満では、電気抵抗が小さくなり過ぎて良好な鉄損特性を得ることができない。そのため、Siは3.0%以上4.0%以下の範囲とした。
Cは、熱延および熱延板焼鈍の均熱時にオーステナイト-フェライト変態を利用することで、熱延組織の改善を図るために必要な元素であるが、C含有量が0.10%を超えると、脱炭処理の負荷が増大するばかりでなく、脱炭自体が不完全となり、製品板において磁気時効を起こす原因ともなる。一方、C含有量が0.020%に満たないと、熱延組織の改善効果が小さく、所望の一次再結晶集合組織を得ることが困難となる。そのため、Cは0.020%以上0.10%以下の範囲とした。
Niは、オーステナイト生成元素であるため、オーステナイト変態を利用することで熱延板組織を改善し、磁気特性を向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.005%未満では、磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方、含有量が1.50%超では、加工性が低下するため通板性が悪くなるほか、二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化するので、Niは0.005~1.50%の範囲とした。
Mnは、二次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、MnSおよびMnSeが正常粒成長を抑制する上でのインヒビターの働きをするため、方向性電磁鋼板においては重要な元素である。ここで、Mn含有量が0.005%に満たないと、インヒビターの絶対量が不足するために、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、Mn含有量が0.3%を超えると、熱間圧延前のスラブを加熱する過程で、Mnを完全固溶させるために高温のスラブ加熱が必要となるだけでなく、インヒビターが粗大析出してしまうために、正常粒成長の抑制力が不足する。そのため、Mnは0.005%以上0.3%以下の範囲とした。
酸可溶性Alは、二次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において、AlNが正常粒成長を抑制する上でのインヒビターの働きをするため、方向性電磁鋼板においては重要な元素である。ここで、酸可溶性Alの含有量が0.01%に満たないと、インヒビターの絶対量が不足するために、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、酸可溶性Alの含有量が0.05%を超えるとAlNが粗大析出してしまうために、やはり正常粒成長の抑制力が不足する。そのため、酸可溶性Alは0.01%以上0.05%以下の範囲とした。
Nは、Alと結合してインヒビターを形成するが、含有量が0.002%未満では、インヒビターの絶対量が不足し、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、含有量が0.012%を超えると、冷間圧延時にブリスターと呼ばれる空孔を生じ、鋼板の外観が劣化する。そのため、Nは0.002%以上0.012%以下の範囲とした。
SおよびSeは、Mnと結合してインヒビターを形成するが、含有量が0.05%を超えると、二次再結晶焼鈍において、脱S、脱Seが不完全となるため、鉄損劣化を引き起こす。そのため、SおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種を、合計量で0.05%以下とした。なお、これらの元素は、その下限に特に制限はないが、その添加効果を発揮するためには0.01%程度以上含有させることが好ましい。
Sn:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Sb:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下およびP:0.005%以上0.50%以下
Sn、Sb、CuおよびPは、磁気特性向上に有用な元素であるものの、それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の下限値に満たないと、磁気特性の改善効果が乏しく、一方、それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の上限値を超えると、二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化する。従って、Sn:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Sb:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下およびP:0.005%以上0.50%以下の範囲でそれぞれ含有することができる。
ここで、本発明の大きな特徴は、上記熱間圧延の粗圧延工程(本発明において、単に粗熱延ともいう)および仕上げ圧延工程(本発明において、仕上げ熱延ともいう)において、Si、C、Ni添加量から求めたα単相相出温度をTαとしたとき、および最大γ相分率温度をTγmaxとしたとき、粗熱延の1パス目については、表面温度を、(Tα-100)℃以上として高圧下圧延を施し、かつ仕上げ熱延の工程中、少なくとも1パスについては、表面温度を、(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域として高圧下圧延することである。
その後、試験温度とγ相分率の実測結果の関係をプロットし、当該プロットを曲線近似することでγ相分率の極大値を求めて、極大値をとる温度をTγmaxとした。
Tα[℃]=1383.98-73.29[%Si]+2426.33[%C]+271.68[%Ni] ・・・・(1)
Tγmax[℃]=1276.47-59.24[%Si]+919.22[%C]+149.03[%Ni] ・・・・(2)
ただし、[%A]はA元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。
一方、仕上げ熱延の圧下率の上限は、噛み込み角の観点から、80%程度が好ましい。さらに、仕上げ熱延は、総パスが4~7パス程度で行うが、発明者らのさらなる検討の結果、2パス目以降であっても、(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域で圧下率≧40%の仕上げ熱延とすれば、いずれのタイミングのパスでも本発明の効果が得られることが分かった。従って、本発明では、仕上げ熱延工程において、少なくとも1パスを(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域で、圧下率が40%以上の仕上げ圧延とすれば良い。
従って、熱延板焼鈍の均熱時間は2s以上300s以下とすることが好ましい。
従って、最終冷間圧延前の中間焼鈍の均熱温度は、800℃以上1200℃以下とすることが好ましい。
従って、最終冷間圧延前の中間焼鈍の均熱時間は、2s以上300s以下とすることが好ましい。
従って、最終冷間圧延前の中間焼鈍後の冷却過程における800~400℃区間での冷却速度は、10℃/s以上200℃/s以下とすることが好ましい。
ここに、一次再結晶焼鈍における均熱温度が700℃未満では、未再結晶部が残存し、所望の組織を得ることができないおそれがある。一方、均熱温度が1000℃超では、ゴス方位粒の二次再結晶が起こってしまう可能性がある。
従って、一次再結晶焼鈍は700℃以上1000℃以下とすることが好ましい。
これらの焼鈍が困難な場合は、別途、脱炭焼鈍工程を設けても良い。
しかしながら、高い磁束密度を有するということは、二次再結晶過程において、ゴス方位近傍の方位のみが優先成長したことを示している。すなわち、ゴス方位近傍になるほど、二次再結晶粒の成長速度は増大することが知られていることから、高磁束密度化するということは、潜在的に二次再結晶粒径が粗大化することを示していて、ヒステリシス損低減の観点からは有利であるが、渦電流損低減の観点からは不利となることがある。このような鉄損低減という最終目標に対しての相反する事象を有利に解決するために、本発明では、磁区細分化処理を施すことができる。
表2に示す鋼組成スラブを、1420℃の温度で加熱した後、1280℃で粗熱延1パス目を圧下率40%で行い、1180℃で仕上げ熱延1パス目を圧下率50%で行い、板厚:2.6mmまで熱間圧延した。その後、1050℃で40sの熱延板焼鈍を施した。その後、板厚:1.6mmまで冷間圧延を行い、1080℃で80sの中間焼鈍を施した後、板厚:0.23mmまで冷間圧延し、820℃で120sの脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。その後、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、1150℃で50hの純化を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行った。
表2に、以下の(1)、(2)式から算出したTα、Tγmax、および仕上げ焼鈍板磁気測定の結果を併記する。
Tα[℃]=1383.98-73.29[%Si]+2426.33[%C]+271.68[%Ni] ・・・・(1)
Tγmax[℃]=1276.47-59.24[%Si]+919.22[%C]+149.03[%Ni] ・・・・(2)
ただし、[%A]はA元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。
表3に示す鋼組成スラブを、1420℃の温度で加熱した後、1280℃で粗熱延1パス目を圧下率40%で行い、1180℃で仕上げ熱延1パス目を圧下率50%で行い、板厚:2.6mmまで熱間圧延した。その後、1050℃で40sの熱延板焼鈍を施した。その後、板厚:1.8mmまで冷間圧延を行い、1080℃で80sの中間焼鈍を施した後、板厚:0.27mmまで冷間圧延し、820℃で120sの脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。その後、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布した後、1150℃で50hの純化を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行った。
表3に上記(1)、(2)式から算出したTα、Tγmax、および仕上げ焼鈍板磁気測定の結果を併記する。
上述した実施例1および2は、一次再結晶焼鈍における500℃~700℃間の昇温速度を20℃/sで行った結果である。そこで、実施例1のNo.2(発明例)の条件で板厚:0.23mmの厚みまで冷間圧延したサンプルを用いて、一次再結晶焼鈍における500℃~700℃間の昇温速度を、表4に示す値として、さらに磁区細分化処理手法を変える試験を行った。
表4に、磁気特性の測定結果を併記する。
実施例1、2および3は、仕上げ熱延の1パス目に、(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域で、ひずみ速度:8.0s-1として実験を行った結果である。そこで、実施例1のNo.3(発明例)の素材について、仕上げ熱延のいずれかの1パスのひずみ速度のみを変更する実験を行った。
表5に示すような圧下率および圧延速度を用い、少なくとも1パスの仕上げ熱延を(Tγmax±50)℃内に相当する1150℃において行うことで、ひずみ速度を調整し、その後2.0mmまで熱間圧延した。ついで、1100℃、60sの熱延板焼鈍を施した。さらに、0.23mmまで冷間圧延して、820℃、120sの脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。その後、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布して、1150℃、50hの純化を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行った。表5に仕上げ焼鈍板磁気測定の結果を併記する。
Claims (7)
- 質量%で、Si:3.0%以上4.0%以下、C:0.020%以上0.10%以下、Ni:0.005%以上1.50%以下、Mn:0.005%以上0.3%以下、酸可溶性Al:0.01%以上0.05%以下およびN:0.002%以上0.012%以下を含有し、さらにSおよびSeのうちから選んだ1種または2種を合計で0.05%以下含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる鋼スラブを、スラブ加熱後、熱間圧延し、ついで熱延板焼鈍を施すかまたは施さず、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施すことによって最終板厚とした後、一次再結晶焼鈍を施して、さらに二次再結晶焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、
上記熱間圧延の粗圧延工程において、下記(1)式から算出したα単相相出温度をTαとするとき、1パス目を(Tα-100)℃以上の温度で、圧下率が30%以上の粗圧延を行い、
さらに、該熱間圧延の仕上げ圧延工程において、下記(2)式から算出した最大γ相分率温度をTγmaxとするとき、少なくとも1パスを(Tγmax±50)℃の温度域で、圧下率が40%以上の仕上げ圧延を行う方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
Tα[℃]=1383.98-73.29[%Si]+2426.33[%C]+271.68[%Ni] ・・・・(1)
Tγmax[℃]=1276.47-59.24[%Si]+919.22[%C]+149.03[%Ni] ・・・・(2)
ただし、[%A]はA元素の鋼中含有量(質量%)を示す。 - 前記鋼スラブが、質量%でさらに、Sn:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Sb:0.005%以上0.50%以下、Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下およびP:0.005%以上0.50%以下のうちから選んだ1種または2種以上を含有する請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記一次再結晶焼鈍における500℃~700℃間の昇温速度を50℃/s以上とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記冷間圧延後のいずれかの段階において、鋼板に対し磁区細分化処理を施す請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記二次再結晶後の鋼板に、電子ビーム照射による磁区細分化処理を施す請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記二次再結晶後の鋼板に、連続レーザー照射による磁区細分化処理を施す請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- (Tγmax±50)℃の温度域において、少なくとも1パスのひずみ速度が6.0s-1以上の仕上げ熱延を施す請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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JP2020169366A (ja) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-15 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
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JP2021138984A (ja) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-09-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
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