WO2017094797A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents

方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDF

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WO2017094797A1
WO2017094797A1 PCT/JP2016/085616 JP2016085616W WO2017094797A1 WO 2017094797 A1 WO2017094797 A1 WO 2017094797A1 JP 2016085616 W JP2016085616 W JP 2016085616W WO 2017094797 A1 WO2017094797 A1 WO 2017094797A1
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Prior art keywords
steel sheet
less
grain
annealing
cold
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PCT/JP2016/085616
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English (en)
French (fr)
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雅紀 竹中
早川 康之
今村 猛
有衣子 江橋
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Jfeスチール株式会社
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Priority to EP16870734.7A priority Critical patent/EP3385397B1/en
Priority to KR1020187018361A priority patent/KR20180087378A/ko
Priority to KR1020207027312A priority patent/KR20200113009A/ko
Priority to MX2018006621A priority patent/MX2018006621A/es
Priority to CA3004286A priority patent/CA3004286C/en
Priority to US15/774,370 priority patent/US20190112685A1/en
Priority to JP2017554155A priority patent/JP6481772B2/ja
Priority to CN201680070123.XA priority patent/CN108291268A/zh
Priority to RU2018124332A priority patent/RU2698042C1/ru
Priority to BR112018011105-8A priority patent/BR112018011105B1/pt
Publication of WO2017094797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017094797A1/ja

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    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21D8/1244Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1272Final recrystallisation annealing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a so-called grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which steel crystal grains have a Miller index and the ⁇ 110 ⁇ plane is accumulated on the plate surface and the ⁇ 001> orientation is accumulated in the rolling direction.
  • Oriented electrical steel sheet is a soft magnetic property material mainly used as the core material of electrical equipment such as transformers and generators, and the ⁇ 001> orientation, which is the easy axis of iron, is highly advanced in the rolling direction of the steel sheet. It has a uniform crystal structure. Such a texture preferentially causes grains of (110) [001] orientation, which is called the Goss orientation, during secondary recrystallization annealing in the production process of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets. It is formed through secondary recrystallization that grows enormously.
  • such a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet heats a slab containing about 3% by mass of Si and an inhibitor component such as MnS, MnSe, and AlN at a temperature exceeding 1300 ° C. to temporarily dissolve the inhibitor component. After that, it is hot-rolled and subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing as necessary, to obtain the final sheet thickness by one or more cold rollings sandwiching intermediate annealing, followed by primary in a wet (humid) hydrogen atmosphere After performing recrystallization annealing to perform primary recrystallization and decarburization, an annealing separator containing magnesia (MgO) as a main component is applied, and then at 1200 ° C for secondary recrystallization and purification of inhibitor components. It has been manufactured by performing final finish annealing for about 5 hours (for example, Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3).
  • MgO magnesia
  • precipitates such as MnS, MnSe, and AlN are included in the slab stage, and these inhibitor components are added by slab heating at a high temperature exceeding 1300 ° C.
  • a technique has been adopted in which secondary recrystallization is expressed by solid solution once and fine precipitation in a subsequent process.
  • Patent Document 4 0.010 to 0.060% of acid-soluble Al (sol. Al) is contained, slab heating is kept at a low temperature, and nitriding is performed in a proper nitriding atmosphere in a decarburization annealing process.
  • a method has been proposed in which (Al, Si) N is precipitated during secondary recrystallization and used as an inhibitor.
  • (Al, Si) N is finely dispersed in the steel and functions as an effective inhibitor.
  • precipitates mainly composed of silicon nitride Si 3 N 4 or (Si, Mn) N
  • the precipitate mainly composed of silicon nitride is changed to a more thermodynamically stable Al-containing nitride ((Al, Si) N or AlN).
  • Non-Patent Document 1 Si 3 N 4 existing in the vicinity of the surface layer dissolves during the temperature increase of the secondary recrystallization annealing, while nitrogen diffuses into the steel and exceeds 900 ° C. Then, it is said that Al-containing nitrides that are substantially uniform in the plate thickness direction are precipitated, and a grain growth inhibiting force (inhibition effect) can be obtained with the full plate thickness. In addition, according to this method, the same precipitate amount and precipitate particle size can be obtained in the plate thickness direction relatively easily as compared with the dispersion control of precipitates using slab heating at a high temperature.
  • Patent Document 5 discloses a technique (inhibitorless method) that allows secondary recrystallization without containing an inhibitor component.
  • the present invention is a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having low cost and high productivity that does not require high-temperature slab heating, strengthening the suppression of normal grain growth, and secondary recrystallization
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for sharpening the orientation of goth grains that sometimes grow and improving magnetic properties.
  • sol.Al, S, Se, Sn, and Sb can be compared with each other in a minute amount range, which is less than the content for functioning as a conventionally recognized inhibitor.
  • the inventors have newly found that even when slab heating is performed at a low temperature of 1300 ° C. or lower, the ability to suppress normal grain growth can be obtained.
  • silicon nitride Si 3 N 4
  • Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
  • selenides silicon nitride
  • selenates By adding one or more selected from sulfides, sulfates, selenides, and selenates to the annealing separator applied to the steel sheet, it is possible to suppress normal grain growth immediately before secondary recrystallization. It has also been found that functioning further strengthens the ability to suppress normal grain growth and contributes to further improvement in magnetic properties.
  • the present invention industrially manufactures a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having magnetic properties equivalent to those of a high-temperature slab heating material in a low-cost, high-productivity grain-oriented electrical steel sheet production method that does not require high-temperature slab heating. It is possible if possible.
  • the gist configuration of the present invention that solves the above problems is as follows. 1. % By mass C: 0.002% to 0.080%, Si: 2.00% to 8.00%, Mn: 0.02% to 0.50%, 0.003% or more and less than 0.010% of acid-soluble Al S and / or Se in total 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less and A total of 0.005% or more and 1.0% or less of Sn and / or Sb, N is suppressed to less than 0.006%, and the balance is heated at 1300 ° C.
  • Hot rolling the steel slab to give a hot rolled steel sheet The hot-rolled steel sheet is subjected to cold rolling two or more times with one or more intermediate annealings to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet having a final sheet thickness, Subjecting the cold-rolled steel sheet to primary recrystallization annealing, The manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which performs secondary recrystallization annealing after apply
  • the component composition further includes: % By mass Ni: 0.005% to 1.5%, Cu: 0.005% to 1.5%, Cr: 0.005% to 0.1%, P: 0.005% to 0.5%, Mo: 0.005% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.0005% to 0.1%, Nb: 0.0005% or more and 0.1% or less, V: 0.0005% to 0.1%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0025%, Bi: 0.005% to 0.1%, Te: 0.0005% to 0.01% and Ta: The method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to 1 or 2 above, containing one or more selected from 0.0005% to 0.01%.
  • the present invention by controlling the amount of N, sol.Al, Sn + Sb, and S + Se, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is enhanced, and the orientation of goth grains that grow during secondary recrystallization is sharpened.
  • the magnetic properties of the product which was a problem of the low-temperature slab heating method, can be greatly improved.
  • the overall coil length has excellent magnetic properties such that the magnetic flux density B 8 after secondary recrystallization annealing is 1.92 T or more. It can be obtained stably.
  • the iron loss W 17/50 after the magnetic domain fragmentation treatment is equal to or less than 0.70 W / kg, which is comparable to a high-temperature slab heating material.
  • An iron loss characteristic with an excellent level can be obtained by this manufacturing method which is a low-cost, high-productivity process.
  • C 0.002% or more and 0.080% or less If C is less than 0.002%, the grain boundary strengthening effect due to C is lost and defects such as cracks in the slab are produced. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.080%, it becomes difficult to reduce to 0.005% or less, which does not cause magnetic aging, by decarburization annealing. Therefore, C is preferably in the range of 0.002% to 0.080%.
  • Si 2.00% or more and 8.00% or less Si is an element that is extremely effective in increasing the electrical resistance of steel and reducing eddy current loss that constitutes a part of iron loss.
  • the electric resistance increases monotonously up to a content of 11%, but the workability is significantly lowered when the content exceeds 8.00%.
  • the Si content is set to 2.00% or more and 8.00% or less. More preferably, it is 2.50% or more and 4.50% or less.
  • Mn 0.02% or more and 0.50% or less Mn combines with S and Se to form MnS and MnSe, and even if these MnS and MnSe are in trace amounts, secondary recrystallization annealing is performed by using in combination with grain boundary segregation elements. It acts to suppress the growth of normal grains during the temperature rising process. However, if the amount of Mn is less than 0.02%, this effect becomes insufficient for suppressing the growth of normal grains. On the other hand, if the amount of Mn exceeds 0.50%, in order to completely dissolve Mn in the slab heating process before hot rolling, not only high temperature slab heating is required, but also MnS and MnSe precipitate coarsely. Therefore, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is reduced. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.02% or more and 0.50% or less.
  • S and / or Se 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less in total S and Se are one of the characteristics of the present invention. As described above, S and Se combine with Mn to express the effect of suppressing normal grain growth. However, if the total content of S and / or Se is less than 0.005%, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is insufficient. , S and / or Se are preferably contained in a total content of 0.005% or more. On the other hand, if the total content exceeds 0.010%, MnS and MnSe cannot be completely dissolved in the low-temperature slab heating process at 1300 ° C. or lower, which is a feature of the present invention, and the ability to suppress normal grain growth becomes insufficient. Therefore, S and / or Se was made into 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less in total content.
  • sol.Al 0.003% or more and less than 0.010%
  • Al forms a dense oxide film on the surface, making it difficult to control the amount of nitridation during nitriding or inhibiting decarburization. .Al content is suppressed to less than 0.010%.
  • Al which has a high oxygen affinity, can be added in a small amount during steelmaking to reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the steel and reduce oxide inclusions that lead to deterioration of properties. From this point of view, deterioration of magnetic properties can be suppressed by containing sol.Al in an amount of 0.003% or more.
  • N Less than 0.006% N, like S and Se, also makes secondary recrystallization difficult when it is present in excess. In particular, when the N content is 0.006% or more, secondary recrystallization hardly occurs and the magnetic properties are deteriorated. Therefore, N is suppressed to less than 0.006%.
  • At least one of Sn and Sb The total content of Sn and / or Sb is 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less.
  • Sn and Sb are one of the features of the present invention.
  • Sn and Sb are grain boundary segregation elements, and inclusion of these elements increases the ability to suppress normal grain growth, increases the driving force of secondary recrystallization, and stabilizes secondary recrystallization. it can. If the total content of Sn and / or Sb is less than 0.005%, the effect of suppressing the normal grain growth is insufficient, and if the total content exceeds 1.000%, secondary effects due to excessive suppression of normal grain growth. Recrystallization becomes unstable and causes deterioration of magnetic properties.
  • Sn and / or Sb was made 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less in total content. Further, considering the reduction in magnetic characteristic variation and manufacturability, it is more preferably 0.020% or more and 0.300% or less.
  • Table 1 is a table showing the magnetic flux density B 8 of the product plate that changes in accordance with the amount of Sn + Sb.
  • the balance was made of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and a 220 mm thick slab of each steel shown in Table 1 was heated to 1200 ° C. and then hot rolled to 2.5 mm thickness.
  • the heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. during the primary recrystallization annealing was set to 200 ° C./s.
  • FIG. 1 shows the results of examining the influence of the Sn + Sb amount (total amount of Sn and Sb) in the material on the magnetic flux density B 8 of the product plate.
  • the magnetic flux density was improved by controlling the amount of Sn + Sb in the material to an appropriate value after setting S and / or Se to 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less in total.
  • the magnetic flux density B 8 became 1.88 T or more by controlling Sn and / or Sb in total to 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less.
  • the magnetic flux density B 8 became 1.900T or more.
  • the reason why the magnetic flux density of the product plate is improved by controlling the amount of Sn + Sb in the material to an appropriate value after making S and / or Se total 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less is not clear,
  • the inventors consider as follows. S and Se are combined with precipitates such as MnS, MnSe, Cu 2 S, and Cu 2 Se and the grain boundary segregation effect due to solute S and Se.
  • the orientation of the growing goth grains is sharpened, and the magnetic properties of the product, which has been a problem of the low-temperature slab heating method, can be greatly improved.
  • Sn and Sb are known as grain boundary segregation elements, and are considered to contribute to the suppression of normal grain growth.
  • the basic components of the present invention have been described above.
  • the balance other than the above components is Fe and inevitable impurities, but in the present invention, the following elements can be appropriately contained as needed.
  • Ni 0.005% or more and 1.5% or less Since Ni is an austenite generating element, it is an element useful for improving the hot rolled sheet structure and improving magnetic properties by utilizing the austenite transformation. However, if the content is less than 0.005%, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. On the other hand, if the content is more than 1.5%, the workability deteriorates and the plateability deteriorates, and the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and magnetic. Since the characteristics deteriorate, Ni is set in the range of 0.005 to 1.5%.
  • Cu 0.005 to 1.5%
  • Cr 0.005 to 0.1%
  • P 0.005 to 0.5%
  • Mo 0.005 to 0.5%
  • Ti 0.0005 to 0.1%
  • Nb 0.0005 to 0.1%
  • V 0.0005 to 0.1%
  • B 0.0002 to 0.0025%
  • Bi 0.005 to 0.1%
  • Te 0.0005 to 0.01%
  • Ta 0.0005 to 0.01%
  • Cu, Cr, P, Mo, Ti, Nb, V , B, Bi, Te and Ta are all useful elements for improving the magnetic properties. However, if the respective contents are less than the lower limit of the above range, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is poor, while the respective contents are contained.
  • Cu is 0.005% to 1.5%
  • Cr is 0.005% to 0.1%
  • P is 0.005% to 0.5%
  • Mo is 0.005 to 0.5%
  • Ti is 0.0005 to 0.1%
  • Nb is 0.0005 to 0.1. %
  • V is 0.0005 to 0.1%
  • B is 0.0002 to 0.0025%
  • Bi is 0.005 to 0.1%
  • Te is 0.0005 to 0.01%
  • Ta is 0.0005 to 0.01%, respectively. it can.
  • the present invention is a method that should be referred to as Subtle Inhibition Control (SIC method) using a small amount of precipitates and grain boundary segregation elements.
  • SIC method has advantages over techniques using conventional inhibitors and inhibitor-less techniques that can simultaneously achieve the effect of suppressing low-temperature slab heating and normal grain growth.
  • Slab heating is performed on a steel slab having the above component composition.
  • Slab heating temperature shall be 1300 °C or less.
  • induction heating instead of normal gas heating, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost, productivity, yield, and the like.
  • Hot rolling Thereafter, hot rolling is performed.
  • the conditions for hot rolling are, for example, a reduction rate of 95% or more and a sheet thickness after hot rolling of 1.5 to 3.5 mm.
  • the rolling end temperature is desirably 800 ° C. or higher.
  • the coiling temperature after hot rolling is preferably about 500 to 700 ° C.
  • the hot rolled sheet structure is improved by annealing the rolled sheet.
  • the hot-rolled sheet annealing at this time is preferably performed under conditions of a soaking temperature: 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. and a soaking time: 2 s to 300 s. If the soaking temperature of hot-rolled sheet annealing is less than 800 ° C., the improvement of the hot-rolled sheet structure is not complete, and an unrecrystallized portion remains, so that a desired structure may not be obtained.
  • the soaking temperature of the hot-rolled sheet annealing is 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less.
  • the soaking time for hot-rolled sheet annealing is preferably 2 s or more and 300 s or less.
  • the steel sheet is rolled to the final thickness by two or more cold rollings that sandwich the intermediate annealing.
  • the intermediate annealing is preferably performed at a soaking temperature of 800 ° C. or more and 1200 ° C. or less and a soaking time of 2 s or more and 300 s or less based on the same idea as hot-rolled sheet annealing.
  • a better primary recrystallized annealed plate texture can be obtained by setting the rolling reduction in the final cold rolling to 80% or more and 95% or less.
  • the rolling temperature is raised to 100 to 250 ° C and rolling is performed, or the aging treatment in the range of 100 to 250 ° C is performed one or more times during the cold rolling, the goth structure is developed. Effective above.
  • primary recrystallization annealing After the cold rolling, primary recrystallization annealing is preferably performed at a soaking temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower. Moreover, if this primary recrystallization annealing is performed, for example in a wet hydrogen atmosphere, it can also serve as the decarburization of a steel plate. Here, if the soaking temperature in the primary recrystallization annealing is less than 700 ° C., the unrecrystallized portion remains and a desired structure may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the soaking temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., secondary recrystallization of goth-oriented grains may occur.
  • the soaking temperature in the primary recrystallization annealing is preferably 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower.
  • the average rate of temperature increase in the temperature range of 500 to 700 ° C. is 50 ° C./s or more.
  • nitriding treatment can be applied at any stage from primary recrystallization annealing to secondary recrystallization annealing.
  • This nitriding treatment includes gas nitriding in which heat treatment is performed in an ammonia atmosphere after primary recrystallization annealing, salt bath nitriding in which heat treatment is performed in a salt bath, plasma nitriding, and nitride containing an annealing separator.
  • Well-known techniques such as making the secondary recrystallization annealing atmosphere a nitriding atmosphere can be applied.
  • the annealing atmosphere at this time is a hydrogen atmosphere, it can also serve as a purification annealing. Then, a desired grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is obtained through an insulating coating application process and a planarization annealing process. There are no special rules for the manufacturing conditions of the insulating coating application step and the planarization annealing step at this time, and it is sufficient to follow a conventional method.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produced by satisfying the above conditions has a very high magnetic flux density after secondary recrystallization, and also has low iron loss characteristics.
  • having a high magnetic flux density indicates that only the Goss orientation and its neighboring orientations were preferentially grown in the secondary recrystallization process. Since the growth rate of secondary recrystallized grains increases with the Goss orientation and the vicinity thereof, increasing the magnetic flux density indicates that the secondary recrystallized grain size is potentially coarsened.
  • it is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing loss it is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of reducing eddy current loss.
  • Magnetic domain subdivision processing Therefore, in order to solve such conflicting events with respect to the final goal of iron loss reduction, it is preferable to perform magnetic domain refinement processing.
  • Appropriate magnetic domain refinement treatment reduces eddy current loss, which has been disadvantageous due to coarsening of secondary recrystallization grain size, and can achieve extremely low iron loss characteristics in combination with reduction of hysteresis loss .
  • the magnetic domain refinement treatment all known heat-resistant or non-heat-resistant magnetic domain refinement treatments can be applied, but if a method of irradiating the surface of the steel sheet after secondary recrystallization annealing with an electron beam or a laser is used, the steel sheet Since the magnetic domain refinement effect can be penetrated to the inside in the plate thickness direction, an iron loss characteristic extremely lower than that of other magnetic domain refinement processes such as an etching method can be obtained.
  • Example 1 A steel slab having a thickness of 220 mm having various composition shown in Table 2 was heated to 1250 ° C. and then hot-rolled to a thickness of 2.7 mm. Next, after hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1020 ° C. for 60 s, it was cold-rolled to 0.27 mm thickness and then subjected to primary recrystallization annealing at 840 ° C. for 120 s. The heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. during the primary recrystallization annealing was set to 100 ° C./s.
  • the magnetic flux density was improved by controlling the amount of Sn + Sb in the material to an appropriate value after setting S and / or Se to 0.005% or more and 0.010% or less in total.
  • the magnetic flux density B 8 became 1.900 T or more by controlling Sn and / or Sb to 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less in total.
  • the magnetic flux density B 8 is not less than 1.920T by controlling Sn and / or Sb to below 0.300% 0.020% or more in total.
  • Example 2 In Table 2, No. 13 and No. 18 steel slabs were heated to 1230 ° C. and then hot rolled to a thickness of 2.7 mm. Then, after hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1000 ° C. for 60 s, it was rolled to an intermediate thickness of 2.0 mm by the first cold rolling. Next, after intermediate annealing at 1040 ° C. for 60 s, the second cold rolling was cold-rolled to a thickness of 0.23 mm, and then primary recrystallization annealing was performed at 820 ° C. for 120 s. The heating rate between 500 and 700 ° C. during the primary recrystallization annealing was set to 150 ° C./s.
  • nitriding treatment and addition of sulfate into the annealing separator were examined under the conditions shown in Table 3.
  • the primary recrystallization annealed plate was subjected to gas nitriding treatment at 750 ° C. for 30 s and at 950 ° C. for 30 s in a gas atmosphere containing ammonia.
  • Table 3 shows the amount of nitrogen in the steel sheet after the nitriding treatment.
  • an annealing separator in which 10 parts by mass of MgSO 4 was added to 100 parts by mass of MgO and MgO on the surface of the steel sheet was applied.
  • each steel sheet is subjected to secondary recrystallization annealing that also serves as a purification annealing at 1180 ° C for 50 hours, followed by the application of phosphate-based insulation tension coating, baking, and flattening for the purpose of flattening the steel strip. Annealed to give a product plate.
  • the results of examining the magnetic properties of the product plate thus obtained are also shown in Table 3.
  • the magnetic flux density B 8 is 1.920T or more. It became. In addition, the magnetic flux density B 8 became 1.940 T or more by nitriding the primary recrystallized annealing plate and adding sulfate to the annealing separator.
  • Example 3 For the samples No. 13-b, 13-c, 18-b, and 18-c shown in Table 3, an experiment for confirming the effect of the magnetic domain fragmentation treatment shown in Table 4 was conducted.
  • the etching grooves with a width of 80 ⁇ m, a depth of 15 ⁇ m, and a rolling direction interval of 5 mm were formed in the direction perpendicular to the rolling on one side of the cold-rolled steel sheet.
  • the electron beam was continuously irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the rolling under the conditions of acceleration voltage: 80 kV, irradiation interval: 5 mm, and beam current: 3 mA on one side of the steel sheet after the flattening annealing.
  • the continuous laser was continuously irradiated in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction on one side of the steel sheet after flattening annealing under the conditions of beam diameter: 0.3 mm, output: 200 W, scanning speed: 100 m / s, and irradiation interval: 5 mm.
  • the results of examining the magnetic properties of the products thus obtained are also shown in Table 4.
  • the iron loss W 17/50 after magnetic domain fragmentation treatment by an electron beam or a continuous laser is 0.70 W / kg or less, which is an excellent iron loss characteristic comparable to a high-temperature slab heating material, at low cost, It can be obtained by this production method which is a high productivity process.
  • the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention by controlling a trace amount of inhibitor, the ability to suppress normal grain growth is strengthened, and the orientation of goth grains that grow during secondary recrystallization is sharpened.
  • the magnetic properties of the product can be greatly improved.
  • the overall coil length has excellent magnetic properties such that the magnetic flux density B 8 after secondary recrystallization annealing is 1.92 T or more. It can be obtained stably.

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Abstract

従来よりもさらに方向性電磁鋼板の磁気特性を向上させる。質量%で、C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、酸可溶性Alを0.003%以上0.010%未満、Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下並びにSnおよび/またはSbを合計で0.005%以上1.000%以下含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1300℃以下で加熱し、該鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板とし、該熱延鋼板に、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚を有する冷延鋼板とし、該冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、該一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから二次再結晶焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法を提供する。

Description

方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法
 本発明は、鋼の結晶粒が、ミラー指数で板面に{110}面が、また圧延方向に<001>方位がそれぞれ集積した、いわゆる方向性電磁鋼板を製造する方法に関するものである。
 方向性電磁鋼板は、主に変圧器や発電機等の電気機器の鉄心材料として用いられる軟磁気特性材料であって、鉄の磁化容易軸である<001>方位が鋼板の圧延方向に高度に揃った結晶組織を有する。このような集合組織は、方向性電磁鋼板の製造工程のうち、二次再結晶焼鈍の際に、いわゆるゴス(Goss)方位と称される(110)[001]方位の結晶粒を優先的に巨大成長させる、二次再結晶を通じて形成される。
 従来、このような方向性電磁鋼板は、3質量%程度のSiと、MnS,MnSe,AlNなどのインヒビター成分を含有するスラブを、1300℃を超える温度で加熱し、インヒビター成分を一旦固溶させたのち、熱間圧延し、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施して、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延によって最終板厚とし、ついで湿(潤)水素雰囲気中で一次再結晶焼鈍を施して一次再結晶および脱炭を行ったのち、マグネシア(MgO)を主剤とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから、二次再結晶およびインヒビター成分の純化のために、1200℃で5h程度の最終仕上げ焼鈍を行うことによって製造されてきた(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3)。
 上述したとおり、従来の方向性電磁鋼板の製造に際しては、MnS,MnSe,AlNなどの析出物(インヒビター成分)をスラブ段階で含有させ、1300℃を超える高温でのスラブ加熱によってこれらのインヒビター成分を一旦固溶させ、後工程で微細析出させることにより二次再結晶を発現させるという手法が採用されてきた。
 すなわち、従来の方向性電磁鋼板の製造工程では、1300℃を超える高温でのスラブ加熱が必要であったため、その製造コストは極めて高いものとならざるを得ず、近年の製造コスト低減の要求に応えることができないというところに問題を残していた。
 こうした課題を解決するために、例えば、特許文献4では、酸可溶性Al(sol.Al)を0.010~0.060%含有させ、スラブ加熱を低温に抑え脱炭焼鈍工程で適正な窒化雰囲気下で窒化を行なうことにより、二次再結晶時に(Al,Si)Nを析出させインヒビターとして用いる方法が提案されている。
 ここで、(Al,Si)Nは、鋼中に微細分散し有効なインヒビターとして機能し、上記の製造方法による窒化処理後の鋼板では、窒化珪素を主体とした析出物(Siもしくは(Si,Mn)N)が表層のみに形成される。そして、引き続いて行われる二次再結晶焼鈍において、窒化珪素を主体とした析出物はより熱力学的に安定したAl含有窒化物((Al,Si)N、あるいはAlN)に変化する。この際、非特許文献1によれば、表層近傍に存在したSiは、二次再結晶焼鈍の昇温中に固溶する一方、窒素は鋼中へ拡散し、900℃を超える温度になると板厚方向にほぼ均一なAl含有窒化物として析出し、全板厚で粒成長抑制力(インヒビション効果)を得ることができるとされている。なお、この手法によれば、高温でのスラブ加熱を用いた析出物の分散制御に比べて、比較的容易に板厚方向に同じ析出物量と析出物粒径を得ることができる。
 一方、最初からスラブにインヒビター成分を含有させずに二次再結晶を発現させる技術についても検討が進められている。例えば、特許文献5には、インヒビター成分を含有させなくとも二次再結晶出来る技術(インヒビターレス法)が示されている。
米国特許第1965559号公報 特公昭40-15644号公報 特公昭51-13469号公報 特許第2782086号公報 特開2000-129356号公報
 上記インヒビターレス法では、高温でのスラブ加熱が不要であり、低コストで方向性電磁鋼板を製造することが可能であるが、インヒビター成分を有しないが故に正常粒成長(一次再結晶粒成長)の抑制力が不足し、二次再結晶時に成長するゴス粒の方位が悪く、高温スラブ加熱材に比べて製品の磁気特性が劣ることとなる。
 本発明は、上記の課題に鑑み、高温スラブ加熱を必要としない低コストかつ高生産性を有する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法であって、正常粒成長の抑制力を強化し、二次再結晶時に成長するゴス粒の方位を先鋭化させ、磁気特性を向上させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
 発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく、鋭意検討を重ねた。
 その結果、sol.Al、S、Se、SnおよびSbの成分元素について、従来認知されているインヒビターとして機能させるための含有量に満たない、微小量域において、これらの各成分の含有量を相互に規制することによって、1300℃以下の低温域のスラブ加熱であっても正常粒成長の抑制力が得られることを新規に知見するに至った。
 さらに、本発明は、後工程で窒化処理を適用することでAlNではなく窒化珪素(Si)を析出させて、正常粒成長の抑制力として機能させること、および二次再結晶焼鈍前に鋼板に塗布する焼鈍分離剤中に硫化物、硫酸塩、セレン化物およびセレン酸塩のうちから選んだ一種または二種以上を添加することで二次再結晶直前の正常粒成長の抑制力として機能させることが、正常粒成長の抑制力をさらに強化し、磁気特性の更なる向上に寄与することも見出した。以上より、本発明は、高温スラブ加熱を必要としない低コスト、高生産性を有する方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、高温スラブ加熱材と同等の磁気特性を有する方向性電磁鋼板の製造を工業的に可能ならしめたものである。
 上記課題を解決する本発明の要旨構成は、以下のとおりである。
1.質量%で、
C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
酸可溶性Alを0.003%以上0.010%未満、
Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下並びに
Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.005%以上1.0%以下
含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1300℃以下で加熱し、
 該鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板とし、
 該熱延鋼板に、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚を有する冷延鋼板とし、
 該冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、
 該一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから二次再結晶焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
2.質量%で、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.020%以上0.300%以下含有する上記1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
3.前記成分組成は、さらに、
 質量%で、
Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有する、上記1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
4.前記冷延鋼板に窒化処理を施す上記1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
5.前記焼鈍分離剤に、硫化物、硫酸塩、セレン化物、およびセレン酸塩の1種または2種以上が添加されている上記1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
6.前記冷延鋼板に磁区細分化処理を施す上記1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
7.前記磁区細分化処理が、前記二次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板への電子ビーム照射によるものである、上記6に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
8.前記磁区細分化処理が、前記二次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板へのレーザー照射によるものである、上記6に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
 本発明によれば、N量、sol.Al量、Sn+Sb量、およびS+Se量を制御することで正常粒成長の抑制力が強化され、二次再結晶時に成長するゴス粒の方位が先鋭化し、低温スラブ加熱法の課題であった製品の磁気特性を大幅に向上させることができる。特に、高磁束密度化が困難とされる板厚:0.23mmのような薄い鋼板であっても、二次再結晶焼鈍後の磁束密度B8が1.92T以上という優れた磁気特性をコイル全長で安定的に得ることができる。
 また、さらに追加で窒化処理や焼鈍分離剤への所定成分の添加を施した場合には、磁束密度B8が1.94T以上という極めて優れた磁気特性を得ることができる。
 しかも、上記の窒化処理や焼鈍分離剤への所定成分の添加を施した場合には、磁区細分化処理後の鉄損W17/50が0.70W/kg以下という、高温スラブ加熱材に匹敵するレベルの優れた鉄損特性を、低コスト、高生産性プロセスである本製造方法で得ることができる。
製品板の磁束密度B8に及ぼす素材中のSn+Sb量の影響を示したグラフである。
[成分組成]
 以下、本発明の一実施形態による方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法について説明する。まず、鋼の成分組成の限定理由について述べる。なお、本明細書において、各成分元素の含有量を表す「%」は、特に断らない限り「質量%」を意味する。
 C:0.002%以上0.080%以下
 Cは、0.002%に満たないと、Cによる粒界強化効果が失われ、スラブに割れが生じるなど、製造に支障を来たす欠陥を生ずるようになる。一方、0.080%を超えると、脱炭焼鈍で、磁気時効の起こらない0.005%以下に低減することが困難となる。よって、Cは0.002%以上0.080%以下の範囲とするのが好ましい。
 Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下
 Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を増大させ、鉄損の一部を構成する渦電流損を低減するのに極めて有効な元素である。鋼板に、Siを添加していった場合、含有量が11%までは、電気抵抗が単調に増加するものの、含有量が8.00%を超えたところで、加工性が著しく低下する。一方、含有量が2.00%未満では、電気抵抗が小さくなり良好な鉄損特性を得ることができない。そのため、Si量は2.00%以上8.00%以下とした。より好ましくは2.50%以上4.50%以下である。
 Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下
 Mnは、SやSeと結合してMnSやMnSeを形成し、これらのMnSやMnSeが微量であっても粒界偏析元素との併用によって、二次再結晶焼鈍の昇温過程において正常粒成長を抑制するように作用する。しかしながら、Mn量が0.02%に満たないと、この作用が、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。一方、Mn量が0.50%を超えると、熱延前のスラブ加熱過程において、Mnを完全固溶させるためには高温でのスラブ加熱が必要となるだけでなく、MnSやMnSeが粗大析出してしまうために、正常粒成長の抑制力が低下する。そのため、Mn量は0.02%以上0.50%以下とした。
 Sおよび/またはSe:合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下
 SおよびSeは、本発明の特徴の一つである。SおよびSeは、上述の通り、Mnと結合して正常粒成長の抑制作用を発現するが、Sおよび/またはSeの合計含有量が0.005%未満では、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となるので、Sおよび/またはSeは合計含有量で0.005%以上含有させることが好ましい。一方、合計含有量が0.010%を超えると、本発明の特徴である1300℃以下の低温スラブ加熱過程においてMnSやMnSeが完全固溶できず、正常粒成長の抑制力不足となる。そのため、Sおよび/またはSeは、合計含有量で0.005%以上0.010%以下とした。
 sol.Al:0.003%以上0.010%未満
 Alは、表面に緻密な酸化膜を形成し、窒化の際にその窒化量の制御を困難にしたり、脱炭を阻害することもあるため、Alはsol.Al量で0.010%未満に抑制する。酸素親和力の高いAlは、製鋼で微量添加することにより鋼中の溶存酸素量を低減し、特性劣化につながる酸化物系介在物の低減などを見込める。この観点から、sol.Alを0.003%以上含有させることにより、磁気特性の劣化を抑制することができる。
 N:0.006%未満
 Nもまた、SやSeと同様、過剰に存在すると、二次再結晶を困難にする。特にN量が0.006%以上になると、二次再結晶が生じ難くなり、磁気特性が劣化するので、Nは0.006%未満に抑制するものとした。
 SnおよびSbの少なくとも1種:Snおよび/またはSbの合計含有量が0.005%以上1.000%以下
 SnおよびSbは本発明の特徴の一つである。SnおよびSbは粒界偏析元素であり、これらの元素を含有させることで、正常粒成長の抑制力が増加し、二次再結晶の駆動力が高まり、二次再結晶を安定化させることができる。Snおよび/またはSbの合計含有量が0.005%未満では、正常粒成長の抑制力効果が不十分であり、また、合計含有量が1.000%を超えると、正常粒成長の抑制力過多による二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性の劣化を招く。加えて、粒界脆化や圧延荷重増加による製造性も困難となる。そのため、Snおよび/またはSbは、合計含有量で0.005%以上1.000%以下とした。また、磁気特性バラツキ低減や製造性を考慮し、より好ましくは、0.020%以上0.300%以下とした。
 ここで、SnおよびSbの含有量を上記の範囲とするに至った実験について以下に説明する。
 表1は、Sn+Sb量に応じて変化する製品板の磁束密度B8を示した表である。残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる表1に示す各鋼の220mm厚のスラブを、1200℃に加熱したのち、2.5mm厚まで熱間圧延した。ついで、1000℃で60sの熱延板焼鈍後、0.27mm厚まで冷間圧延してから、820℃で100sの一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この一次再結晶焼鈍時での500~700℃間の昇温速度は200℃/sとした。ついで、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから、1200℃で10時間の純化焼鈍を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行い、引き続きリン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングの塗布、焼付けと鋼帯の平坦化を目的とする平坦化焼鈍を施して製品とし、それぞれの条件下での試験片を得た。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 図1に、製品板の磁束密度B8に及ぼす素材中のSn+Sb量(SnとSbの合計量)の影響について調べた結果を示す。図1に示したとおり、Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下とした上で、素材中のSn+Sb量を適正な値に制御することで、磁束密度が向上した。特に、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.005%以上1.000%以下に制御することで磁束密度B8が1.88T以上となった。また、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で、0.020%以上0.300%以下に制御することで磁束密度B8が1.900T以上となった。
 Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下とした上で、素材中のSn+Sb量を適正な値に制御することで製品板の磁束密度が向上した理由については必ずしも明確ではないが、発明者らは以下のように考えている。SおよびSeは、MnS、MnSeあるいはCu2S、Cu2Seといった析出物と固溶S、Se分による粒界偏析効果の併用により、正常粒成長の抑制効果が強化され、二次再結晶時に成長するゴス粒の方位が先鋭化し、低温スラブ加熱法の課題であった製品の磁気特性を大幅に向上させることができる。さらに、SnおよびSbは、粒界偏析元素として知られており、正常粒成長の抑制力として寄与すると考えられる。さらに、本発明のように、Sおよび/またはSeが多く含まれる場合には、硫化物、セレン化物の析出量に加え、Sおよび/またはSeの固溶量も増加すると考えられる。Sおよび/またはSeの固溶量が増加することでSおよび/またはSeの粒界偏析量も増加し、SnおよびSbが粒界偏析しやすい状況(いわゆる共偏析(co‐segregation))となり、粒界偏析の効果が増大するものと考えられる。
 以上、本発明の基本成分について説明した。上記成分以外の残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物であるが、本発明では、その他にも必要に応じて、以下に示す元素を適宜含有させることができる。
 Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下
 Niは、オーステナイト生成元素であるため、オーステナイト変態を利用することで熱延板組織を改善し、磁気特性を向上させる上で有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.005%未満では、磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方含有量が1.5%超では、加工性が低下するため通板性が悪くなるほか、二次再結晶が不安定となり磁気特性が劣化するので、Niは0.005~1.5%の範囲とした。
 Cu:0.005以上1.5%以下、Cr:0.005以上0.1%以下、P:0.005以上0.5%以下、Mo:0.005以上0.5%以下、Ti:0.0005以上0.1%以下、Nb:0.0005以上0.1%以下、V:0.0005以上0.1%以下、B:0.0002以上0.0025%以下、Bi:0.005以上0.1%以下、Te:0.0005以上0.01%以下、Ta:0.0005以上0.01%以下
 Cu、Cr、P、Mo、Ti、Nb、V、B、Bi、TeおよびTaはいずれも、磁気特性向上に有用な元素であるが、それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の下限値に満たないと、磁気特性の改善効果が乏しく、一方それぞれの含有量が上記範囲の上限値を超えると、二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性の劣化を招く。従って、Cuは0.005%以上1.5%以下、Crは0.005%以上0.1%以下、Pは0.005%以上0.5%以下、Moは0.005以上0.5%以下、Tiは0.0005以上0.1%以下、Nbは0.0005以上0.1%以下、Vは0.0005以上0.1%以下、Bは0.0002以上0.0025%以下、Biは0.005以上0.1%以下、Teは0.0005以上0.01%以下、Taは0.0005以上0.01%以下の範囲でそれぞれ含有させることができる。
 本発明は、微量析出物と粒界偏析元素を併用した、繊細(Subtle)抑制力(Inhibition)制御(Control)(SIC法)とも言うべき方法である。SIC法は、低温スラブ加熱と正常粒成長の抑制効果を同時に達成することのできる、従来のインヒビターを使用する技術や、インヒビターレス技術よりも優れた利点を有する。
 SおよびSeは、スラブ加熱工程で再固溶した場合、熱延時にMnSおよびMnSeとして微細析出し、正常粒成長の抑制力強化に寄与すると考えられる。一方、Sおよび/またはSeが合計で0.005%未満の場合にはその効果が十分ではないために磁気特性向上効果が得られず、Sおよび/またはSeが合計で0.010%超の場合には1300℃以下の低温スラブ加熱工程で再固溶が不十分となり、急激に正常粒成長の抑制力が低下し、二次再結晶不良を引き起こすと考えられる。
 次に、本発明の製造方法について説明する。
[加熱]
 上記の成分組成を有する鋼スラブに、スラブ加熱を行う。スラブ加熱温度は1300℃以下とする。1300℃超で加熱する場合、通常のガス加熱ではなく、誘導加熱等の特別な加熱炉を使用する必要があるため、コスト、生産性および歩留まり等の観点から不利となる。
[熱間圧延]
 その後、熱間圧延を行う。熱間圧延の条件は、例えば、圧下率は95%以上とし、熱延後の板厚は、1.5~3.5mmとする。圧延終了温度は800℃以上が望ましい。熱延後の巻き取り温度は500~700℃程度が望ましい。
[熱延板焼鈍]
 熱間圧延後、必要であれば、熱延板焼鈍することで熱延板組織の改善を行う。この時の熱延板焼鈍は、均熱温度:800℃以上1200℃以下、均熱時間:2s以上300s以下の条件で行うことが好ましい。
 熱延板焼鈍の均熱温度が800℃未満では、熱延板組織の改善が完全ではなく、未再結晶部が残存するため、所望の組織を得ることができないおそれがある。一方、均熱温度が1200℃超では、AlN、MnSeおよびMnSの溶解が進行し、二次再結晶過程でインヒビターの抑制力が不足して、二次再結晶しなくなる結果、磁気特性の劣化を引き起こすこととなる。従って、熱延板焼鈍の均熱温度は800℃以上1200℃以下とすることが好ましい。
 また、均熱時間が2sに満たないと、高温保持時間が短いために、未再結晶部が残存し、所望の組織を得ることができなくなるおそれがある。一方、均熱時間が300sを超えると、AlN、MnSeおよびMnSの溶解が進行し、微量に添加したN、sol.Al、Sn+Sb、およびS+Seの上記した効果が弱まり、冷延組織の不均質化が進行する結果、二次再結晶焼鈍板の磁気特性が劣化する。従って、熱延板焼鈍の均熱時間は2s以上300s以下とすることが好ましい。
[冷間圧延]
 次いで、熱間圧延後または熱延板焼鈍後に、鋼板を、中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延によって最終板厚まで圧延する。この場合、中間焼鈍は、熱延板焼鈍と同じ思想で、均熱温度:800℃以上1200℃以下、均熱時間:2s以上300s以下とすることが好ましい。
 冷間圧延については、最終冷間圧延における圧下率を80%以上95%以下とすることで、より良好な一次再結晶焼鈍板集合組織を得ることができる。また、圧延温度を100~250℃に上昇させて圧延を行うことや、冷間圧延の途中で100~250℃の範囲での時効処理を1回または複数回行うことは、ゴス組織を発達させる上で有効である。
[一次再結晶焼鈍]
 上記の冷間圧延後、好ましくは均熱温度:700℃以上1000℃以下で一次再結晶焼鈍を施す。また、この一次再結晶焼鈍は、例えば湿水素雰囲気中で行えば、鋼板の脱炭も兼ねさせることができる。ここで、一次再結晶焼鈍における均熱温度が700℃未満では、未再結晶部が残存し、所望の組織を得ることができないおそれがある。一方、均熱温度が1000℃超では、ゴス方位粒の二次再結晶が起こってしまう可能性がある。従って、一次再結晶焼鈍における均熱温度は700℃以上1000℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、一次再結晶焼鈍に際しては、500~700℃の温度域の平均昇温速度を50℃/s以上とすることが好ましい。
[窒化処理]
 さらに、本発明では、一次再結晶焼鈍から二次再結晶焼鈍までのいずれかの段階で窒化処理を適用することができる。この窒化処理は、一次再結晶焼鈍後、アンモニア雰囲気中で熱処理を行うガス窒化や、塩浴中で熱処理を行う塩浴窒化、さらにはプラズマ窒化や、窒化物を焼鈍分離剤中に含有させたり、二次再結晶焼鈍雰囲気を窒化雰囲気とするなどの公知の技術が適用できる。
[二次再結晶焼鈍]
 その後、必要であれば鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布したのち、二次再結晶焼鈍を行う。その際、焼鈍分離剤中に硫化物、硫酸塩、セレン化物およびセレン酸塩のうちから選んだ一種または二種以上を添加することができる。当該添加物は二次再結晶焼鈍中に分解したのち、鋼中に浸硫、浸セレンし、インヒビション効果をもたらす。二次再結晶焼鈍の焼鈍条件についても、特に制限はなく、従来公知の焼鈍条件で行えば良い。なお、この時の焼鈍雰囲気を水素雰囲気とすると、純化焼鈍も兼ねることができる。その後、絶縁被膜塗布工程および平坦化焼鈍工程を経て、所望の方向性電磁鋼板を得る。この時の絶縁被膜塗布工程および平坦化焼鈍工程の製造条件についても、特段の規定はなく、常法に従えば良い。
 上記の条件を満たして製造された方向性電磁鋼板は、二次再結晶後に極めて高い磁束密度を有し、併せて低い鉄損特性を有する。ここに、高い磁束密度を有するということは二次再結晶過程においてゴス方位およびその近傍方位のみが優先成長したことを示している。ゴス方位およびその近傍になるほど、二次再結晶粒の成長速度は増大することから、高磁束密度化するということは潜在的に二次再結晶粒径が粗大化することを示しており、ヒステリシス損低減の観点からは有利であるが、渦電流損低減の観点からは不利となる。
[磁区細分化処理]
 従って、このような鉄損低減という最終目標に対しての相反する事象を解決するために、磁区細分化処理を施すことが好ましい。適切な磁区細分化処理を施すことで、二次再結晶粒径粗大化により不利となっていた渦電流損が低減し、ヒステリシス損の低減と併せて、極めて低い鉄損特性を得ることができる。
 磁区細分化処理としては、公知の全ての耐熱型または非耐熱型の磁区細分化処理が適用できるが、二次再結晶焼鈍後の鋼板表面に電子ビームまたはレーザーを照射する方法を用いれば、鋼板の板厚方向内部まで磁区細分化効果を浸透させることができるので、エッチング法などの他の磁区細分化処理よりも極めて低い鉄損特性を得ることができる。
 その他の製造条件は、方向性電磁鋼板の一般的な製造方法に従えばよい。
 (実施例1)
 表2に示す種々の成分組成からなる220mm厚の鋼スラブを、1250℃に加熱したのち、2.7mm厚まで熱間圧延した。ついで、1020℃で60sの熱延板焼鈍後、0.27mm厚まで冷間圧延してから、840℃で120sの一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この一次再結晶焼鈍時における500~700℃間の昇温速度は100℃/sとした。
 ついで、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから、1200℃で10時間の純化焼鈍を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行い、引き続きリン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングの塗布、焼付けと鋼帯の平坦化を目的とする平坦化焼鈍を施して製品とした。
 かくして得られた製品の磁気特性について調べた結果を、表2に併記する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 表2に示したように、Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下とした上で、素材中のSn+Sb量を適正な値に制御することで、磁束密度が向上した。特に、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.005%以上1.000%以下に制御することで磁束密度B8が1.900T以上となった。また、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.020%以上0.300%以下に制御することで磁束密度B8が1.920T以上となった。
 (実施例2)
 表2中、No.13および、No.18の鋼スラブを、1230℃に加熱したのち、2.7mm厚まで熱間圧延した。ついで、1000℃で60sの熱延板焼鈍後、1回目の冷間圧延により2.0mmの中間厚まで圧延した。ついで、1040℃で60sの中間焼鈍後、2回目の冷間圧延により0.23mm厚まで冷間圧延してから、820℃で120sの一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。この一次再結晶焼鈍時における500~700℃間の昇温速度は150℃/sとした。ついで、表3に示す条件で窒化処理および焼鈍分離剤中への硫酸塩添加の検討を行った。窒素化処理は、一次再結晶焼鈍板についてアンモニアを含有するガス雰囲気中で750℃で30sおよび950℃で30sのガス窒化処理を施した。窒化処理後の鋼板の窒素量を表3に示す。焼鈍分離剤中への硫酸塩添加は、鋼板表面にMgOおよびMgO:100質量部に対して10質量部のMgSO4を添加した焼鈍分離剤を塗布した。その後、それぞれの鋼板を1180℃で50時間の純化焼鈍を兼ねた二次再結晶焼鈍を行い、引き続きリン酸塩系の絶縁張力コーティングの塗布、焼付けと鋼帯の平坦化を目的とする平坦化焼鈍を施して製品板とした。
 かくして得られた製品板の磁気特性について調べた結果を、表3に併記する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 表3に示したように、Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下かつSnおよび/またはSbを合計で0.020%以上0.300%以下に制御することで磁束密度B8が1.920T以上となった。加えて、一次再結晶焼鈍板への窒化処理や焼鈍分離剤中への硫酸塩添加により、磁束密度B8が1.940T以上となった。
 (実施例3)
 表3に示したNo.13-b、13-c、18-bおよび18-cのサンプルについて、表4に示す磁区細分化処理の効果を確認する実験を行った。エッチングは、冷延鋼板の片面について、幅:80μm、深さ:15μm、圧延方向間隔:5mmの溝を圧延直角方向に形成した。電子ビームは、平坦化焼鈍後の鋼板の片面について、加速電圧:80kV、照射間隔:5mm、ビーム電流:3mAの条件で圧延直角方向に連続照射した。連続レーザーは、平坦化焼鈍後の鋼板の片面について、ビーム径:0.3mm、出力:200W、走査速度:100m/s、照射間隔:5mmの条件で圧延直角方向に連続照射した。
 かくして得られた製品の磁気特性について調べた結果を、表4に併記する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
 表4に示したように、磁区細分化処理を施すことで、さらに良好な鉄損特性が得られることが分かる。具体的には、電子ビームまたは連続レーザによる磁区細分化処理後の鉄損W17/50が0.70W/kg以下という、高温スラブ加熱材に匹敵するレベルの優れた鉄損特性を、低コスト、高生産性プロセスである本製造方法で得ることができる。
 本発明の方向性電磁鋼板によれば、微量インヒビターを制御することで正常粒成長の抑制力が強化され、二次再結晶時に成長するゴス粒の方位が先鋭化し、低温スラブ加熱法の課題であった製品の磁気特性を大幅に向上させることができる。特に、高磁束密度化が困難とされる板厚:0.23mmのような薄い鋼板であっても、二次再結晶焼鈍後の磁束密度B8が1.92T以上という優れた磁気特性をコイル全長で安定的に得ることができる。

Claims (8)

  1.  質量%で、
    C:0.002%以上0.080%以下、
    Si:2.00%以上8.00%以下、
    Mn:0.02%以上0.50%以下、
    酸可溶性Alを0.003%以上0.010%未満、
    Sおよび/またはSeを合計で0.005%以上0.010%以下並びに
    Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.005%以上1.000%以下
    含有し、Nを0.006%未満に抑制し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1300℃以下で加熱し、
     該鋼スラブに熱間圧延を施して熱延鋼板とし、
     該熱延鋼板に、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施して最終板厚を有する冷延鋼板とし、
     該冷延鋼板に一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、
     該一次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板の表面に焼鈍分離剤を塗布してから二次再結晶焼鈍を施すことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  2.  質量%で、Snおよび/またはSbを合計で0.020%以上0.300%以下含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  3.  前記成分組成は、さらに、
     質量%で、
    Ni:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
    Cu:0.005%以上1.5%以下、
    Cr:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
    P:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
    Mo:0.005%以上0.5%以下、
    Ti:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
    Nb:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
    V:0.0005%以上0.1%以下、
    B:0.0002%以上0.0025%以下、
    Bi:0.005%以上0.1%以下、
    Te:0.0005%以上0.01%以下および
    Ta:0.0005%以上0.01%以下
    のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  4.  前記冷延鋼板に窒化処理を施す請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  5.  前記焼鈍分離剤に、硫化物、硫酸塩、セレン化物、およびセレン酸塩の1種または2種以上が添加されている請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  6.  前記冷延鋼板に磁区細分化処理を施す請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  7.  前記磁区細分化処理が、前記二次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板への電子ビーム照射によるものである、請求項6に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
  8.  前記磁区細分化処理が、前記二次再結晶焼鈍後の前記冷延鋼板へのレーザー照射によるものである、請求項6に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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