WO2013133319A1 - 超電導コイル及び超電導機器 - Google Patents
超電導コイル及び超電導機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133319A1 WO2013133319A1 PCT/JP2013/056129 JP2013056129W WO2013133319A1 WO 2013133319 A1 WO2013133319 A1 WO 2013133319A1 JP 2013056129 W JP2013056129 W JP 2013056129W WO 2013133319 A1 WO2013133319 A1 WO 2013133319A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/02—Coils wound on non-magnetic supports, e.g. formers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting coil and a superconducting device, and in particular, a superconducting coil having a plurality of laminated pancake coils and used for a superconducting device such as a superconducting magnet or a superconducting rotating machine, and a superconducting device including the superconducting coil. And about.
- This application claims priority on March 6, 2012 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-049411 for which it applied to Japan, and uses the content here.
- a plurality of laminated pancake type superconducting coils may be used.
- Various structures have been proposed in which stacked pancake superconducting coils are cooled by heat conduction from a refrigerator, or cooled by a refrigerant such as helium gas.
- a refrigerant such as helium gas.
- a conventional example of a pancake-type superconducting coil a superconducting coil impregnated entirely with resin for electromagnetic force reinforcement, and a glass fiber reinforcement containing a semi-cured resin sandwiched between laminated pancake coils
- Patent Document 1 A superconducting coil integrated by curing a sheet is known (see Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 4 shows a conventional example of a superconducting coil integrated by curing a semi-cured resin contained in a glass fiber reinforced sheet.
- the superconducting coil 100 of this example includes a vacuum container 101, a heat shield container 102 provided inside the vacuum container 101, and a coil laminate 103 provided so as to be surrounded by the heat shield container 102.
- a plurality of pancake coils 105 each formed by winding a superconducting wire in a pancake shape are laminated coaxially along the body portion 107 of the bobbin 106 in the vertical direction.
- the coil laminate 103 is accommodated in the heat shield container 102.
- superconducting coil 100 glass fiber reinforced sheet 108 is inserted between laminated pancake coils 105, and laminated pancake coil 105 and glass fiber reinforced sheet 108 are bonded together.
- a refrigerator 109 that passes through the vacuum vessel 101 and the heat shield vessel 102 in the vertical direction is provided above the bobbin 106.
- the superconducting wire constituting the pancake coil 105 can be cooled by conductive cooling using the refrigerator 109.
- the present invention has been made in view of the conventional background as described above, and is a superconducting coil provided with a plurality of pancake coils formed by winding a superconducting wire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a superconducting coil having a structure capable of exchanging a pancake coil in which a problem has occurred even if a problem occurs in some of them, and a superconducting device provided with the superconducting coil.
- the superconducting coil according to the first aspect of the present invention is formed by winding a superconducting wire, and is stacked in the thickness direction and adjacent to each other, the first pancake coil and the second pancake.
- a coil and a cooling substrate provided in contact with the end face of the first pancake coil and separable into a plurality of cooling plates.
- the superconducting coil since the cooling substrate disposed on the end face of the pancake coil can be separated into a plurality of cooling plates, the laminated pan by separating the plurality of cooling plates constituting the cooling substrate. Cake coils can be separated from each other. For this reason, the pancake coil in which the problem has occurred can be removed and replaced with another new pancake coil.
- the superconducting coil can be repaired without wasting a pancake coil that does not cause a problem. Therefore, when a problem occurs in a part of the pancake coils, the superconducting coil can be repaired at a low cost without waste as compared with the prior art in which all the pancake coils are replaced.
- the cooling substrate is sandwiched between the first pancake coil and the second pancake coil, the adhesive element is between the cooling substrate and the first pancake coil, And even if it adheres between the said cooling substrate and said 2nd pancake coil, and said 1st pancake coil and said 2nd pancake coil are separable mutually by isolation
- the stacked cooling plates can be separated from each other. By separating each other, it is possible to easily separate the stacked pancake coils. For this reason, good heat transfer between the pancake coil and the cooling plate can be ensured, and only the pancake in which the problem has occurred can be replaced. Therefore, damage in terms of time and cost of the superconducting wire and pancake coil can be minimized.
- the first pancake coil and at least a pair of upper and lower cooling plates may be fixed by the adhesive element, and the second pancake coil and at least a pair of upper and lower cooling plates may be fixed by the adhesive element. .
- each of the plurality of cooling plates constituting the cooling substrate can be cooled by the refrigerator via the heat transfer connection body.
- the individual cooling plates can be efficiently cooled with a refrigerator, and further, individual pancakes connected to the cooling plates via heat transfer connectors
- the coil can be cooled efficiently. Therefore, a superconducting coil having cooling efficiency equivalent to that of a conventional superconducting coil can be provided.
- the first pancake coil, the second pancake coil, and the cooling substrate are compressed in the thickness direction by an amount larger than the shrinkage amount in the thickness direction of the pancake coil and the cooling substrate. May be sandwiched between the pair of upper and lower flange portions.
- a superconducting device penetrates the superconducting coil described above, an inner container surrounding the superconducting coil, a vacuum container surrounding the inner container, the vacuum container and the inner container.
- a cooling machine, and the cooling substrate is connected to a tip of the refrigerator extending into the inner container via a heat transfer member.
- the superconducting device it is possible to provide a superconducting device that includes a superconducting coil having a plurality of laminated pancake coils and that can cool the pancake coil via the cooling substrate provided so as to be in contact with the pancake coil.
- positioned at the end surface of a pancake coil is comprised from several cooling plates, the laminated pancake coils can be isolate
- positioned at the end surface (upper surface or lower surface) of the pancake coil has a plurality of cooling plates, and the pancake coils laminated by separating the cooling plates from each other Can be separated. For this reason, only the pancake coil in which the problem has occurred can be removed and replaced with another new pancake coil. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the time and cost required for replacement of the superconducting wire and the pancake coil, or the man-hours required for recreating the pancake coil. Therefore, according to the above-described aspect of the present invention, the superconducting coil can be repaired at a low cost and at an early stage as compared with the prior art in which the total number of pancake coils must be replaced.
- a superconducting magnet device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an external container 2 that can be decompressed, such as a vacuum container, an internal container (heat shield) 3 installed inside the external container 2, and a superconducting coil 5 housed in the internal container 3. And the flange part 6 which closes the upper part of the outer container 2, the flange part 7 which closes the upper part of the inner container 3, and the refrigerator 8 are provided.
- the refrigerator 8 has a two-stage structure including a first stage 8A and a second stage 8B.
- a cooling plate 11 ⁇ / b> A of the superconducting coil 5 is connected to a heat transfer body 9 that extends from the tip of the second stage 8 ⁇ / b> B and is formed in a rod shape via three heat transfer members 15. Therefore, the superconducting coil 5 can be cooled to a critical temperature or lower by conduction cooling from the refrigerator 8.
- the superconducting coil 5 includes two pancake coils (two double pancake coils 14).
- Each pancake coil 14 has two pancake coil elements 10 each having an oxide superconducting wire wound around a bobbin (not shown), and is laminated in the thickness direction thereof. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, two pancake coil elements 10 are stacked in the thickness direction so that their center axis positions are aligned and their end faces are in contact with each other. And it is inserted in the winding drum B2 of the bobbin B. Ring-shaped cooling plates 11A are arranged on the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface of the stacked pancake coil elements 10, respectively. The two pancake coil elements 10 stacked constitute a pancake coil 14. In the structure shown in FIG.
- the superconducting coil 5 includes two pancake coils 14 stacked in the vertical direction, and a cooling plate disposed on the upper surface of the upper double pancake coil (first pancake coil) 14a. 11A, another cooling plate 11A overlaid on the cooling plate 11A, a cooling plate 11A disposed on the lower surface of the lower double pancake coil (second pancake coil) 14b, and the cooling plate 11A Another cooling plate 11A stacked below.
- the cooling plate 11A disposed on the upper surface of the lower double pancake coil (second pancake coil) 14b the cooling plate disposed on the lower surface of the upper double pancake coil (first pancake coil) 14a. 11A is superimposed.
- the pancake coil sandwiched between the upper and lower cooling plates is a double pancake coil, but it may be a single pancake coil or a single pancake coil having three or more layers.
- the cooling plate 11A is made of a metal material having good heat conductivity and has a thickness of about a few millimeters to several millimeters.
- the metal material forming the cooling plate 11A is not particularly limited and can be changed as appropriate.
- the cooling plate 11A is formed of, for example, copper such as oxygen-free copper, tough pitch copper, or brass, a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy.
- a superconducting coil 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes two stacked pancake coils 14 and cooling plates 11A disposed on the uppermost and lowermost surfaces of the two pancake coils 14, respectively. That is, the superconducting coil 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes a cooling substrate 11 composed of two cooling plates 11A disposed on the lower surface of a lower double pancake coil 14b, an upper double pancake coil 14a, and a lower double pancake coil 14b. Cooling substrate 11 composed of two cooling plates 11A disposed between the pancake coil 14b and cooling composed of two cooling plates 11A disposed on the upper surface of the upper double pancake coil 14a. And a substrate 11.
- the two upper and lower cooling plates 11A that are in contact with the end surface of the pancake coil 14 and that constitute the cooling substrate 11 are made of an impregnating resin (adhesive element) 12 such as a glass fiber-filled resin sheet or an epoxy resin. 14 is bonded and fixed to the end face.
- the pancake coil 14 is bonded to the cooling plate 11A by impregnating the pancake coil 14 with resin and then fixing the cooling plate 11A with an adhesive, and impregnating the pancake coil 14 with resin.
- reference numeral 12 in the figure indicates an adhesive.
- an adhesive material epoxy resin or grease can be applied, but it is preferable to use epoxy resin.
- the upper and lower two cooling plates 11A constituting the cooling substrate 11 are simply overlapped. That is, the two cooling plates 11A are stacked so that they can be separated from each other. Grease may be interposed between the two upper and lower cooling plates 11A constituting the cooling substrate 11 as necessary.
- the number of cooling plates 11A fixed to the pancake coil 14 is not limited to two, and may be three or more as long as they can be separated from each other.
- a protruding portion 11 a that protrudes to the side of the pancake coil 14 is formed at one end of the cooling plate 11 ⁇ / b> A (one end close to the second stage 8 ⁇ / b> B of the refrigerator 8).
- a pair of heat transfer connecting bodies 13 formed in a plate shape that sandwiches the leading end portion of the protruding portion 11a of the cooling plate 11A stacked in the vertical direction in the vertical direction is provided on the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface of the leading end portion of the protruding portion a. It has been. Between the pair of heat transfer connecting bodies 13, a heat transfer member 15 extending from the heat transfer body 9 located near the second stage 8 ⁇ / b> B constituting the refrigerator 8 is sandwiched.
- the heat transfer member 15 is connected to the second stage 8 ⁇ / b> B of the refrigerator 8 through the heat transfer body 9 in order to conduct conduction cooling from the second stage 8 ⁇ / b> B constituting the refrigerator 8.
- a pair of heat transfer connections in which the protruding portion 11a is sandwiched in the vertical direction by a bolt that penetrates the protruding portion 11a and the pair of heat transfer connecting bodies 13 and a nut that is screwed to the bolt.
- the body 13 and the protruding portion 11a are integrated.
- the protrusion part 11a is inserted
- the pair of heat transfer connectors 13 and the heat transfer member 15 are integrated by a bolt that penetrates the heat transfer member 15 and the pair of heat transfer connectors 13 and a nut that is screwed to the bolt.
- the connection between the cooling plate 11A and the pair of heat transfer connectors 13 is not limited to the connection using bolts and nuts, and other connection structures may be used.
- the heat transfer body 9, the heat transfer connection body 13, and the heat transfer member 15 are formed from a metal material having good heat conductivity.
- the metal material which forms the heat transfer body 9, the heat transfer connection body 13, and the heat transfer member 15 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately changed.
- the heat transfer body 9, the heat transfer connection body 13, and the heat transfer member 15 can be made of, for example, copper such as oxygen-free copper, tough pitch copper, or brass, a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminum alloy.
- the protrusion 11a formed on the cooling plate 11A is thermally and sufficiently connected to the second stage 8B via the pair of heat transfer connectors 13, the heat transfer member 15, and the heat transfer member 9. From the second stage 8B constituting the refrigerator 8, the conductive cooling of the pancake coil 14 can be performed efficiently.
- the cooling substrate 11 is composed of a single metal plate.
- the thickness of the cooling plate 11A is slightly larger than 1 ⁇ 2 of the thickness of the cooling substrate in the superconducting coil having the conventional structure, the influence on the entire thickness of the superconducting coil 5 is small. For this reason, the change of the coil current density due to the change of the coil height can be suppressed lightly.
- external connection terminals 17 and 18 for supplying current are formed so as to penetrate the flange portion 6.
- the lower ends of the external connection terminals 17 and 18 are drawn into the outer container 2 and connected to the upper ends of the current leads 19, respectively.
- the lower end portion of the current lead 19 is connected to an oxide superconducting wire (not shown) constituting each pancake coil 14 in the superconducting coil 5.
- the outer container 2 is connected to a vacuum pump (not shown), and is configured so that the inside of the outer container 2 can be depressurized to a desired degree of vacuum.
- the external connection terminals 17 and 18 are connected to a power supply (not shown) arranged outside the superconducting magnet device 1 via a current lead wire, and a desired magnetic field is supplied from the power supply to the superconducting wire in the superconducting coil 5. It is configured to generate.
- rare earth-based oxide superconducting wire As superconducting wire is wrapped pancake coils 14, as an example, rare earth-based oxide superconducting wire, Bi-based oxide superconducting wire, or the like MgB 2 superconducting wire or a superconducting that generally referred to as high-temperature superconducting wire Wires can be used.
- the rare earth oxide superconducting wire include a superconducting wire formed in a tape shape by laminating an intermediate layer, an oxide superconducting layer, a protective layer, and a stabilizing layer on a base material of a metal tape.
- the intermediate layer may have a multilayer structure including a diffusion prevention layer or a bed layer as a base layer.
- a thin film with good crystal orientation formed by a physical vapor deposition method such as an ion beam assisted vapor deposition method (hereinafter abbreviated as IBAD method) can be used as the alignment layer as a main component of the intermediate layer.
- IBAD method ion beam assisted vapor deposition method
- a cap layer can be provided on the alignment layer.
- REBa 2 Cu 3 O y RE represents a rare earth element such as Y, La, Nd, Sm, Er, Gd
- Examples thereof include Y123 (YBa 2 Cu 3 O y ) and Gd123 (GdBa 2 Cu 3 O y ).
- the protective layer formed so as to cover the surface of the oxide superconducting layer can be formed from Ag or an Ag alloy, and the stabilization layer laminated on the protective layer can be formed from a highly conductive Cu or Cu alloy.
- Bi-based oxide superconducting wire for example, a superconducting formed into a tape shape by rolling a composite of a sintered body such as a 2223 phase that can be displayed with BiSrCaCuO inside a metal sheath made of a highly conductive metal such as Ag. Wire material can be used.
- MgB 2 superconducting wire it is possible to use, for example, a superconducting wire formed in a tape shape or a linear shape in which a powder of MgB 2 is accommodated in a metal pipe and multi-core is formed by a powder in tube method for reducing the diameter.
- the superconducting magnet apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is after the inside of the outer container 2 is depressurized by a vacuum pump (not shown) to be in a vacuum state, the refrigerator 8 is operated, and the superconducting coil 5 is cooled below the critical temperature by conduction cooling.
- the superconducting wire 5 of the superconducting coil 5 is energized and used from an external power source through the external connection terminals 17 and 18.
- the refrigerator 8 has a capability of cooling the superconducting coil 5 to a temperature lower than about 91K at which the superconductor is in a superconducting state, such as 4.2K, 20K, or 40K, depending on the model.
- the superconducting coil 5 is used after being conductively cooled to a critical temperature or lower.
- the cooling substrate 11 includes two cooling plates 11A.
- the two cooling plates 11A are simply overlapped. For this reason, there is some concern about deterioration of the thermal contact between the cooling plates 11A.
- the protrusion 11a formed on the cooling plate 11A is integrated with a pair of heat transfer connectors 13 that sandwich the 11a in the vertical direction. That is, two cooling paths are provided via a pair of heat transfer connectors 13 disposed on the uppermost surface and the lowermost surface of the protruding portion 11a. Therefore, the cooling plate 11 ⁇ / b> A can be individually conductively cooled from the heat transfer member 15 through the pair of heat transfer connectors 13. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling plate 11A does not decrease.
- the thickness of the cooling plate 11A is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the thickness of one cooling substrate in the conventional structure.
- the thickness increase of the cooling plate 11A with respect to the thickness of the entire superconducting coil 5 is slight. For this reason, the reduction rate of the number of windings in the oxide superconducting wire generated by increasing the thickness of the superconducting coil 5 is extremely small, and the current density reduction of the superconducting coil 5 is slight. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on the performance of the superconducting coil 5.
- the superconducting coil 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes two stacked pancake coils 14, but may include three or more stacked pancake coils 14.
- the superconducting coil 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes a double pancake coil 14 as the first pancake coil 14a and the second pancake coil 14b, but the first pancake coil 14a and the second pancake coil 14b.
- a single pancake coil or a pancake coil having three or more pancake coil elements stacked may be provided.
- the superconducting coil 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes two stacked pancake coils 14 and a cooling substrate 11 provided so as to be in contact with the end face of the pancake coil 14.
- it has the two pancake coil elements 10 laminated
- FIG. 2 shows the structure of a superconducting coil according to an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to the gas cooling type.
- 3A and 3B show an example of a superconducting motor (superconducting device) to which the superconducting coil 20 having this structure is applied.
- the superconducting coil 20 shown in FIG. 2 includes two pancake coils 14 that are inserted into the winding body B2 of the bobbin B and stacked in the vertical direction, and an upper surface of an upper double pancake coil (first pancake coil) 14a.
- cooling plate 11A provided on each of the lower double pancake coil (second pancake coil) 14b, an upper double pancake coil (first pancake coil) 14a, and a lower double pancake And a cooling substrate 11 provided between the cake coil (second pancake coil) 14b and constituted by two cooling plates 11A.
- the superconducting coil 20 shown in FIG. 2 cools the superconducting wire of the pancake coil element 10 below the critical temperature by blowing a cooling gas G such as helium gas onto the side surface of the pancake coil 14 and cooling it as shown by arrows in FIG. Can be used after cooling.
- the superconducting coil 20 shown in FIG. 2 is applied to, for example, a superconducting motor (superconducting device) 30 having the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- a superconducting motor 30 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B includes a shaft-type rotor 32 that is rotatably provided in a cylindrical, horizontally long container 31 that is provided with a cooling gas such as helium gas. It is comprised so that supply to the inside of the container 31 is possible.
- a plurality of superconducting coils 35 are attached around the central portion of the rotating shaft 33.
- a plurality of normal conducting coils 36 composed of copper coils supported on the inner wall of the container 31 are arranged.
- a plurality of pipes for allowing the cooling gas to flow in and out are provided inside the rotary shaft 33.
- the superconducting coil 35 can be cooled below the critical temperature by the cooling gas introduced into the container 31 through the plurality of pipes from a coolant supply device (not shown) separately provided outside the superconducting motor 30.
- the superconducting coil 35 is cooled below the critical temperature, but the normal conducting coil 36 is kept at room temperature.
- the superconducting coil 35 can be arranged so as to be stacked around the rotating shaft 33.
- the superconducting motor 30 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is used by cooling the superconducting coil 35 below the critical temperature with the cooling gas introduced into the container 31.
- the superconducting motor 30 can be used by rotating the rotating shaft 33 by a magnetic field generated by the normal conducting coil 36 and the superconducting coil 35 to which a necessary current is supplied from a separate power source (not shown).
- the superconducting wire 30 incorporated in one of the superconducting coils 35 is used for some reason during the use of the superconducting motor 30 shown in FIGS. If it is equivalent to the structure of the superconducting coil 20 shown in Fig. 2, only the pancake coil 14 provided with the superconducting wire having the problem may be replaced. That is, the superconducting motor 30 can be repaired by replacing only the pancake coil 14 which is one part of the superconducting coil 35 without replacing the entire superconducting coil 35.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a bobbin constituting a superconducting coil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the bobbin B shown in FIG. 2 is provided between a pair of upper and lower flange portions B1 that sandwich the first pancake coil 14a and the second pancake coil 14b in the thickness direction, and a pair of upper and lower flange portions B1.
- a winding drum (body portion) B2 inserted into the coil 14a and the second pancake coil 14b.
- the thermal expansion coefficients of the flange part B1 and the winding drum (body part) B2 constituting the bobbin B shown in FIG. 2 are the thermal expansion coefficient of the first pancake coil 14a, the thermal expansion coefficient of the second pancake coil 14b, and cooling. It is preferable that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate 11 is larger. In this case, the shrinkage in the thickness direction of the first pancake coil 14a, the second pancake coil 14b, and the cooling substrate 11 when the first pancake coil 14a and the second pancake coil are cooled by the cooling substrate 11 is determined by the winding drum. (Torso) It is smaller than the contraction amount of B2. For this reason, there is no concern that the distance between the pancake coils is increased during cooling. Therefore, the superiority of the present structure can be further enhanced without changing the coil density even during cooling, that is, without changing the coil critical current density. As a material for forming the bobbin B, GFRP or aluminum is preferable because of its high linear expansion coefficient.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a superconducting coil according to an embodiment of the present invention in which the first pancake coil 14a, the second pancake coil 14b, and the cooling substrate 11 are compressed in the thickness direction.
- the superconducting coil 20 is compressed (indented) by a contraction amount b in the thickness direction by a constant pressure F.
- the contraction amount b is the contraction amount in the thickness direction of the first pancake coil 14a, the second pancake coil 14b, and the cooling substrate 11 when the first pancake coil 14a and the second pancake coil 14b are cooled. Is preferably larger than the total a. In this case, there is no concern that the distance between the pancake coils is increased during cooling.
- the superiority of this structure can be further enhanced without changing the coil height even during cooling, that is, without changing the coil critical current density.
- a mechanism pushed in with the above-mentioned fixed pressure F it is preferable to use a disc spring, a tension spring, etc. for the flange bolt etc. which stop a pair of upper and lower flanges.
- a superconducting coil having the structure shown in Table 1 below was made as an experiment.
- the superconducting wire was wound around the winding drum for 100 turns to form a pancake coil, and the winding portion was impregnated with an epoxy resin and cured to form a superconducting coil. Thereafter, the superconducting coil was immersed in liquid nitrogen and the critical current was measured. Thereafter, the superconducting coil was incorporated into a superconducting magnet apparatus having the structure shown in FIG. 1 and evaluated under conduction cooling. The specifications are as shown in Table 1 below.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年3月6日に、日本に出願された特願2012-049411号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
パンケーキ型の超電導コイルの一従来例として、電磁力補強のために全体に樹脂を含浸させた超電導コイル、及び、積層されたパンケーキコイル間に挟まれた、半硬化樹脂を含むガラス繊維強化シートを硬化させることにより一体化された超電導コイルが知られている(特許文献1参照)。
また、特に希土類系の酸化物超電導線材を用いた場合、一般にクエンチの検出は困難である。このため、万が一、パンケーキコイル105を構成する超電導線材の一部が焼損した場合、超電導コイル100の全体を製作し直さなくてはならず、時間及び費用の面で大きな損害が生じる問題がある。
時間及び費用の面での損害を考慮すると、ガラス繊維強化シート108とパンケーキコイル105とが一体化されていない超電導コイル100採用することも挙げられている。しかしながら、超電導コイル100の機械強度を確保して、コイル全体の熱安定性を高めるためには、樹脂含浸されたパンケーキコイル105と、ガラス繊維強化シート108とを一体化することが望ましい。
上記超電導コイルによれば、パンケーキコイルの端面に配置された冷却基板を複数枚の冷却板に分離可能であるため、冷却基板を構成する複数枚の冷却板同士を分離することで積層したパンケーキコイル同士を分離できる。このため、問題が生じたパンケーキコイルを取り外し、他の新規のパンケーキコイルと交換することができる。すなわち、問題が生じていないパンケーキコイルを無駄にすることなく超電導コイルの修理ができる。従って、一部のパンケーキコイルに問題が生じた場合に、全数のパンケーキコイルを交換していた従来技術に比べ、無駄なく低コストで超電導コイルの修理ができる。
この場合、冷却板に接するパンケーキコイルに含浸された樹脂により、冷却板とパンケーキコイルとが接着されて一体化されていても、重ねられた冷却板同士は分離可能であるので、冷却板同士を分離することで積層されたパンケーキコイル同士を容易に分離できる。このため、パンケーキコイルと冷却板との良好な伝熱性を確保でき、かつ、問題が生じたパンケーキのみを交換することができる。したがって、超電導線材およびパンケーキコイルの時間及び費用の面での損害を最小限にすることができる。
この場合、冷却基板を構成する複数枚の冷却板のそれぞれについて伝熱接続体を介して冷凍機で冷却できる。このため、冷却板同士を単に重ねて積層させた構造であっても、個々の冷却板を冷凍機で効率良く冷却でき、さらに伝熱接続体を介して冷却板に接続された個々のパンケーキコイルを効率良く冷却できる。よって、従来の超電導コイルと同等の冷却効率を有する超電導コイルを提供できる。
また、パンケーキコイルの端面に配置された冷却基板が複数枚の冷却板から構成されるので、重ねられた冷却板同士を分離することで積層したパンケーキコイル同士を分離できる。すなわち、組み立てられたパンケーキコイルのうちの、問題が生じたパンケーキコイルのみを取り外し、他の新規のパンケーキコイルと交換することができる。このため、超電導線材及びパンケーキコイルの時間及び費用の面での損害、若しくはパンケーキコイルの再作製などの工数を最小限に抑えることができる。従って、本態様に係る超電導機器によれば、パンケーキコイルの全数を交換しなければならない従来技術に比べ、低コストで、且つ早期に超電導コイルの修理ができる。
図1に示す超電導マグネット装置1は、真空容器などの減圧可能な外部容器2と、外部容器2の内部に設置された内部容器(熱シールド)3と、内部容器3に収容された超電導コイル5と、外部容器2の上部を閉じるフランジ部6と、内部容器3の上部を閉じるフランジ部7と、冷凍機8と、を備える。
冷凍機8は第1ステージ8Aと第2ステージ8Bとからなる2段構造を有している。第2ステージ8Bの先端部に延設され、且つロッド状に形成された伝熱体9に3本の伝熱部材15を介し超電導コイル5の冷却板11Aが接続されている。したがって、冷凍機8からの伝導冷却により超電導コイル5を臨界温度以下に冷却できるように構成されている。
図1に示されている構造において、超電導コイル5は、上下方向に積層された2つのパンケーキコイル14と、上段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第一パンケーキコイル)14a上面に配置された冷却板11Aと、この冷却板11Aの上に重ねられた他の冷却板11Aと、下段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第二パンケーキコイル)14bの下面に配置された冷却板11Aと、この冷却板11Aの下に重ねられた他の冷却板11Aと、を備えている。下段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第二パンケーキコイル)14bの上面に配置された冷却板11Aの上には、上段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第一パンケーキコイル)14aの下面に配置された冷却板11Aが重ねられている。
なお、この実施形態では上下の冷却板に挟まれているパンケーキコイルは、ダブルパンケーキコイルであるが、シングルパンケーキコイルでも、シングルパンケーキコイルが3層以上に重なったものでもよい。
なお、パンケーキコイル14に固定されている冷却板11Aは2枚に限られず、相互に分離可能であれば、3枚以上であってもよい。
図面では略されているが、突出部11aと一対の伝熱接続体13とを貫通するボルト及び前記ボルトに螺合するナットにより、突出部11aを上下方向において挟み付けている一対の伝熱接続体13と突出部11aとは一体化されている。また、一対の伝熱接続体13の一端において突出部11aが挟まれ、その他端において伝熱部材15が挟み込まれている。伝熱部材15と一対の伝熱接続体13とを貫通するボルト及び前記ボルトに螺合するナットにより、一対の伝熱接続体13と伝熱部材15とが一体化されている。なお、冷却板11Aと一対の伝熱接続体13との接続はボルト及びナットを用いた接続に限らず、他の接続構造を用いても良い。
伝熱体9、伝熱接続体13、及び伝熱部材15は、良熱伝導性の金属材料から形成される。伝熱体9、伝熱接続体13、及び伝熱部材15を形成する金属材料は特に制限されず、適宜変更可能である。伝熱体9、伝熱接続体13、及び伝熱部材15は、例えば、無酸素銅、タフピッチ銅、黄銅などの銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、又はアルミニウム合金などから構成できる。
外部容器2は、図示略の真空ポンプに接続されていて、外部容器2の内部を所望の真空度まで減圧できるように構成されている。また、外部接続端子17及び18は、超電導マグネット装置1の外部に配置された図示略の電源に電流リード線を介し接続され、この電源から超電導コイル5内の超電導線材に通電して所望の磁場を発生できるように構成されている。
希土類系酸化物超電導線材として、金属テープの基材上に中間層、酸化物超電導層、保護層、及び安定化層を積層させてテープ状に形成された超電導線材を例示できる。
中間層は、下地層として拡散防止層又はベッド層を含む複層構造を有することができる。中間層の主体となる配向層として、イオンビームアシスト蒸着法(以下、IBAD法と略記する。)等の物理的蒸着法により形成される結晶配向性が良好な薄膜を用いることができる。更に良好な結晶配向性を得るために、配向層の上にキャップ層を設けることができる。
希土類系酸化物超電導体から形成される薄膜を中間層に適用する場合は、REBa2Cu3Oy(REはY、La、Nd、Sm、Er、Gd等の希土類元素を表す)、具体的には、Y123(YBa2Cu3Oy)又はGd123(GdBa2Cu3Oy)などを例示できる。
酸化物超電導層の表面を覆うように形成される保護層は、Ag又はAg合金から形成でき、保護層上に積層する安定化層は良導電性のCu又はCu合金から形成できる。
MgB2超電導線材として例えばMgB2の粉末を金属パイプの内部に収容し、縮径するパウダーインチューブ法により多芯化したテープ状あるいは線状に形成された超電導線材を用いることができる。
図1に示す超電導マグネット装置1は、冷凍機8を構成する第2ステージ8Bから伝熱体9、3本の伝熱部材15、及び複数の伝熱接続体13等の複数の冷却基板11を介して、超電導コイル5を臨界温度以下まで伝導冷却して使用される。
また、冷却板11Aの厚さを従来構造における冷却基板1枚の厚さの1/2程度にすることが好ましい。しかしながら、冷却板11Aをより厚く形成した場合、超電導コイル5全体の厚みは大きくなるが、超電導コイル5全体の厚みに対する冷却板11Aの厚み増加分はわずかである。このため、超電導コイル5の厚みが増加することにより生じる酸化物超電導線材における巻線数の減少割合は極めて少なく、超電導コイル5の電流密度低下は軽微である。従って、超電導コイル5の性能に悪影響は生じない。
このため、超電導コイル5の全体を交換する必要がない。従って、超電導線材に問題が生じていないパンケーキコイル14を無駄にすることがない。
また、図1に示す超電導コイル5は、第一パンケーキコイル14a及び第二パンケーキコイル14bとして、ダブルパンケーキコイル14を備えているが、第一パンケーキコイル14a及び第二パンケーキコイル14bとして、シングルパンケーキコイル、又は、積層された3つ以上のパンケーキコイルエレメントを有するパンケーキコイルを備えても良い。
また、図1に示す超電導コイル5は、積層された2つのパンケーキコイル14と、パンケーキコイル14の端面に接するように設けられた冷却基板11と、を備え、各パンケーキコイル14は、積層された2つのパンケーキコイルエレメント10を有しているが、このような構造に限らない。例えば、積層された複数のシングルパンケーキコイルと、個々のシングルパンケーキコイルの上面及び下面に接するように設置された冷却基板11と、を備えた超電導コイルとしても良い。
図2に示す超電導コイル20は、ボビンBの巻胴B2に挿入されている上下方向に積み重ねられた2つのパンケーキコイル14と、上段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第一パンケーキコイル)14aの上面と下段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第二パンケーキコイル)14bの下面とにそれぞれ1枚ずつ設けられた冷却板11Aと、上段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第一パンケーキコイル)14aと下段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第二パンケーキコイル)14bとの間に設けられ、2枚の冷却板11Aから構成される冷却基板11と、を備える。
図2に示す超電導コイル20は、例えば、図3A及び図3Bに示す構造を有する超電導モーター(超電導機器)30に適用される。図3A及び図3Bに示す超電導モーター30は、円筒状に形成された密閉型の横長の容器31の内部に回転自在に設けられた軸型の回転子32を備え、ヘリウムガス等の冷却ガスを容器31の内部に供給できるように構成されている。
回転軸33の内部には冷却ガスを流入及び流出させる複数の配管が設けられている。このため、超電導モーター30の外部に別途設けられている図示略の冷媒供給装置から前記複数の配管を通って容器31の内部に導入された冷却ガスにより超電導コイル35を臨界温度以下に冷却できる。超電導コイル35は臨界温度以下に冷却されるが、常電導コイル36は常温に保持される。
図3A及び図3Bに示すように、回転軸33の周囲に積層するように超電導コイル35を配置することができる。この超電導コイル35として図2に示す超電導コイル20を採用することができる。
図2に示すボビンBは第一パンケーキコイル14a及び第二パンケーキコイル14bを厚さ方向において挟む上下一対のフランジ部B1と、上下一対のフランジ部B1の間に設けられ、第一パンケーキコイル14a及び第二パンケーキコイル14bに挿入される巻胴(胴部)B2と、を有する。
図5に示すように、超電導コイル20は一定圧力Fによって厚さ方向に収縮量bだけ圧縮されている(押し込まれている)。ここで、収縮量bは、第一パンケーキコイル14a及び第二パンケーキコイル14bの冷却時における第一パンケーキコイル14a、第二パンケーキコイル14b、及び冷却基板11の厚さ方向における収縮量の合計aよりも大きいことが好ましい。この場合、冷却時にパンケーキコイル間の距離が離れる懸念が無い。したがって、冷却時でもコイルの高さが変わることなく、すなわち、コイル臨界電流密度が変わることなく、本構造の優位性をさらに強化することができる。なお、上述の一定圧力Fで押し込む機構としては、上下一対のフランジを止めるフランジボルト等に皿バネ、引張バネなどを使うことが好ましい。
ハステロイC276(米国ヘインズ社商品名)から構成される幅5mm、厚さ0.1mmのテープ状基材と、その表面に設けられた、厚さ100nmのAl2O3の拡散防止層、厚さ30nmのY2O3のベッド層、厚さ10nmのMgOの配向層、厚さ500nmのCeO2のキャップ層、厚さ約2μmのGdBa2Cu3O7-xの酸化物超電導層、厚さ10μmのAgの保護層、及び厚さ100μmの銅貼り合わせテープと、から構成される全体厚さ約0.23mmの酸化物超電導線材を用意した。
上記超電導線材を巻胴に100ターン巻回してパンケーキコイルを構成し、巻回部分にエポキシ樹脂を含浸させて硬化させ、超電導コイルを形成した。その後、液体窒素中に超電導コイルを浸漬して臨界電流を測定した。この後、超電導コイルを図1に示す構造を有する超電導マグネット装置に組み込み、伝導冷却下において評価を行った。
その仕様は以下の表1に示す通りである。
2 外部容器
3 内部容器(低温側シールド容器)
5 超電導コイル
8 冷凍機
8A 第1ステージ
8B 第2ステージ
9 伝熱体
10 パンケーキコイルエレメント
11 冷却基板
11A 冷却板
11a 突出部
12 含浸樹脂(接着要素、接着剤)
13 伝熱接続体
14 ダブルパンケーキコイル
14a 上段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第一パンケーキコイル)
14b 下段のダブルパンケーキコイル(第二パンケーキコイル)
15 伝熱部材
17、18 外部接続端子
20 超電導コイル
30 超電導モーター(超電導機器)
31 容器
32 回転子
33 回転軸
35 超電導コイル
36 常電導コイル
100 超電導コイル
101 真空容器
102 熱シールド容器
103 コイル積層体
105 パンケーキコイル
106 ボビン
107 胴部
108 ガラス繊維強化シート
109 冷凍機。
B ボビン
B1 フランジ部
B2 巻胴(胴部)
F (超電導コイル20を厚さ方向に圧縮する)一定圧力
b 超電導コイル
Claims (7)
- それぞれ超電導線材を巻回して形成され、厚さ方向に積み重ねられた、互いに隣接する第一パンケーキコイル及び第二パンケーキコイルと、
前記第一パンケーキコイルの端面に接するように設けられ、複数の冷却板に分離可能な冷却基板と、を備えることを特徴とする超電導コイル。 - 請求項1に記載の超電導コイルであって、
接着要素をさらに備え、
前記冷却基板は、前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルの間に挟まれ、
前記接着要素が前記冷却基板と前記第一パンケーキコイルとの間、及び、前記冷却基板と前記第二パンケーキコイルとの間を接着し、
前記複数の冷却板同士の分離により前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルが相互に分離自在である超電導コイル。 - 請求項2に記載の超電導コイルであって、
前記第一パンケーキコイルと少なくとも上下一対の前記冷却板とが前記接着要素により固定され、前記第二パンケーキコイルと少なくとも上下一対の前記冷却板とが前記接着要素により固定されていることを特徴とする超電導コイル。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の超電導コイルであって、
前記冷却基板に伝熱部材を介して接続される冷凍機と、
前記複数の冷却板のそれぞれに設けられ、前記伝熱部材に接続する伝熱接続体と、をさらに備えることを特徴とする超電導コイル。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の超電導コイルであって、
前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルを前記厚さ方向において挟む上下一対のフランジ部と、上下一対の前記フランジ部の間に設けられ、前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルに挿入される胴部と、を有するボビンをさらに備え、
前記フランジ部及び前記胴部の熱膨張係数は、前記第一パンケーキコイルの熱膨張係数、前記第二パンケーキコイルの熱膨張係数、及び前記冷却基板の熱膨張係数よりも大きいことを特徴とする超電導コイル。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の超電導コイルであって、
前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルを前記厚さ方向において挟む上下一対のフランジ部と、上下一対の前記フランジ部の間に設けられ、前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルに挿入される胴部と、を有するボビンをさらに備え、
前記冷却基板による前記第一パンケーキコイル及び前記第二パンケーキコイルを冷却時における前記第一パンケーキコイル、前記第二パンケーキコイル、及び前記冷却基板の前記厚さ方向における収縮量よりも大きい量だけ前記厚さ方向において圧縮されるように、前記第一パンケーキコイル、前記第二パンケーキコイル、及び前記冷却基板は、前記上下一対の前記フランジ部に挟まれていることを特徴とする超電導コイル。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の超電導コイルと、
前記超電導コイルを囲む内部容器と、
前記内部容器を囲む真空容器と、
前記真空容器と前記内部容器とを貫通する冷凍機と、を備え、
前記内部容器の内部に延出した前記冷凍機の先端に、伝熱部材を介して前記冷却基板が接続されることを特徴とする超電導機器。
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Cited By (5)
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JP2015103587A (ja) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-04 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 高温超電導コイル及びその高温超電導コイルの製作方法 |
JP2016018902A (ja) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 超電導電磁石装置 |
JP2016086138A (ja) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超電導マグネットおよび超電導機器 |
JP2017010958A (ja) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 積層型超電導コイル装置 |
JP2018011078A (ja) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-18 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 高温超電導コイル及びその高温超電導コイルの製作方法 |
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JP2560561B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-26 | 1996-12-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 超電導コイル装置 |
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JPH06151168A (ja) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-05-31 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 超電導マグネットおよびその製造方法 |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2015103587A (ja) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-04 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 高温超電導コイル及びその高温超電導コイルの製作方法 |
JP2016018902A (ja) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-02-01 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 超電導電磁石装置 |
JP2016086138A (ja) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 超電導マグネットおよび超電導機器 |
JP2017010958A (ja) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 積層型超電導コイル装置 |
JP2018011078A (ja) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-18 | 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | 高温超電導コイル及びその高温超電導コイルの製作方法 |
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EP2801986A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
RU2597876C2 (ru) | 2016-09-20 |
JPWO2013133319A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
EP2801986B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
RU2014136146A (ru) | 2016-04-27 |
US20140357492A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP5732588B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
US9552913B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
EP2801986A1 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
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