WO2013128731A1 - 独立型電力供給システム - Google Patents

独立型電力供給システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013128731A1
WO2013128731A1 PCT/JP2012/080661 JP2012080661W WO2013128731A1 WO 2013128731 A1 WO2013128731 A1 WO 2013128731A1 JP 2012080661 W JP2012080661 W JP 2012080661W WO 2013128731 A1 WO2013128731 A1 WO 2013128731A1
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Prior art keywords
power
power generation
supply system
charge
load
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PCT/JP2012/080661
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
内山　倫行
近藤　真一
永山　祐一
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株式会社 日立製作所
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Priority to IN6999DEN2014 priority Critical patent/IN2014DN06999A/en
Publication of WO2013128731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013128731A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stand-alone power supply system, and more particularly to a reduction in capacity of a power storage device.
  • Patent Document 1 an independent power supply system centering on a solar power generation device is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
  • the output suppression state of the photovoltaic power generation device is controlled indirectly by changing the target frequency according to the state of charge (SOC) and charge / discharge power.
  • SOC state of charge
  • a technique for preventing system stoppage due to overcharging of a power storage device is described.
  • a power supply system that has a natural energy power generation device and a power storage device such as a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device and is operated independently from the power system, while maintaining the frequency and voltage in the independent system at appropriate values
  • a natural energy power generation device and a power storage device such as a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device and is operated independently from the power system
  • the frequency and voltage in the independent system at appropriate values
  • Patent Document 1 With the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to prevent operation stop due to overcharging of the power storage device, but avoid operation stop due to overdischarge of the storage battery, including at night when the output of solar power generation becomes zero. Therefore, it is necessary to separately provide a power source for adjustment such as a diesel engine, or it is necessary to increase the capacity of the power storage device, which may increase the installation cost.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an independent power supply system that can reduce installation costs.
  • an independent power supply system includes a natural energy power generation device, a load device that has a load for adjustment and that operates by generated power from the natural energy power generation device, and the natural energy
  • An independent power supply system including a power generation device and a power storage device having a storage battery connected to the load device for charging and discharging, the independent power supply system using the weather prediction data of the load device Demand prediction data and power generation output prediction data of the natural energy power generation apparatus are calculated, and the storage battery is predicted to be charged by exceeding the maximum charge power of the storage battery by the demand prediction data and the power generation output prediction data.
  • the chromatography data which comprises suppressing the power consumption of the adjustment load when being discharged from the storage battery exceeds the maximum discharge power of the battery is predicted.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration example of a stand-alone power supply system in Embodiment 1. It is the figure which represented typically the example of the output shift operation
  • FIG. 6 is a functional configuration diagram of a storage device internal control device according to a second embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of the solar power generation device control apparatus in Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a functional configuration diagram of a storage device internal control device according to a second embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of the solar power generation device control apparatus in Example 2.
  • FIG. 10 is a control flow diagram of the storage device internal control device according to the second embodiment. It is a control flowchart of the solar power generation device control apparatus in Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a control flow diagram of a control device in a load device in Embodiment 2. It is a figure showing the control operation of the stand-alone power supply system in Example 2. It is a control flow figure in the case of performing power factor adjustment driving
  • FIG. It is a figure explaining the control operation in the case of performing power factor adjustment driving
  • FIG. 10 is a control flow diagram utilizing a start / stop notice signal of a load device according to a fifth embodiment. It is a figure explaining the operation
  • FIG. 10 is a control flow diagram utilizing a start / stop notice signal of a load device according to a fifth embodiment. It is a figure explaining the operation
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an outline of an independent power supply system to which centralized control is applied.
  • the stand-alone power supply system 10 includes a solar power generation device 2 whose power generation output varies according to solar radiation conditions, a power storage device 3 including a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery,
  • the load device 4 is schematically configured by being connected to the power line 1 via the interconnection power receiving devices 25, 35, and 45, respectively.
  • the solar power generation device 2, the power storage device 3, and the load device 4 are respectively control devices. 5 is operated based on a control command transmitted from 5 through a line.
  • the control device 5 transmits weather forecast information transmitted through the public line 6, electric quantities such as electric power, voltage, and power factor transmitted from the solar power generation device 2, the power storage device 3, and the load device 4, and a charging state ( Based on an operation state signal such as SOC (State of Charge), it has a function of transmitting a control command such as a power generation output suppression amount, charge / discharge power, and load adjustment amount to each device.
  • the independent power supply system 10 does not include a power generator for adjusting the output of a rotating machine system having inertia such as a diesel generator. Therefore, the power storage device 3 is responsible for the operation for maintaining the voltage and frequency as a reference power source for the independent power supply system 10. For this purpose, the power storage device 3 performs an automatic voltage adjustment operation (AVR).
  • AVR automatic voltage adjustment operation
  • the solar power generation device 2 includes a solar power generation panel 21 and a grid protection function for converting the DC power generated by the solar power generation panel 21 into AC power, controlling the output, and connecting to the power line 1.
  • the interconnection power converter 22 incorporates a control device 220 having a function of communicating with the outside.
  • the power storage device 3 is a device that adjusts the power supply / demand balance of the independent power supply system 10 by charging or discharging, and converts DC power generated by the storage batteries 31A and 31B and the storage batteries 31A and 31B into AC power and controls it.
  • the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B having a protection function for connecting to the power line 1, the interconnection power receiving device 35 including a transformer, a switch, and the like, and the interconnection power converter 32A, Control commands such as charge / discharge power and operation / stop information to be transmitted to the power converter for interconnection connected to control the storage battery and its own voltage / current detection device (not shown) used for control / protection in 32B And the auxiliary device 34 of the storage batteries 31A and 31B.
  • the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B are effective for maintaining the frequency and voltage in the independent power supply system 10 within an appropriate range based on the control command from the control device 33 and the voltage / current information at its own end, respectively.
  • ⁇ Has a function to control reactive power.
  • secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries, lithium ion batteries, sodium / sulfur batteries, and redox flow batteries can be applied.
  • these batteries need to be refreshed regularly, in order to allow the power supply system to stably supply power during that period, at least two sets can be independently operated. It is desirable.
  • the load device 4 includes an adjustment load 41 capable of adjusting power consumption, a load 42 having a function of notifying activation or stop at a predetermined timing, and a load adjustment command transmitted from the control device 5 to the adjustment load 41. And a control device 43 that transmits the start / stop notice signal transmitted from the load 42 and transmits it to the control device 5.
  • a self-end voltage / current detection device and other loads having no special function are also installed.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an operation pattern in the case where the output of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 2 which is a basic operation method of the independent power supply system is shifted at night.
  • the solar power generation device 2 basically supplies generated power determined by the amount of solar radiation, and normally does not particularly limit output.
  • the figure is clear and shows an example in the case where the power generation output reaches the rated capacity.
  • the power storage device 3 charges the power generated by the solar power generation device 2 during the daytime and discharges it at night. A so-called peak shift operation is performed to supply power to the load, and the combined output shown in the figure is supplied to the load device 4 by both the solar power generation device 2 and the power storage device 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the control device 5 of the independent power supply system in the present embodiment.
  • a control arithmetic unit 51 that calculates a control command such as a power generation output suppression / cancellation command, a charge / discharge power command or a load adjustment command transmitted to the solar power generation device 2, the power storage device 3 or the load device 4, and the amount of solar radiation, temperature, etc.
  • An input device 55 for inputting a command and a display device 56 for an operator to check an operation status and the like are provided.
  • the control calculation device 51 further includes a prediction calculation function 511, an output shift operation pattern generation function 512, and an output shift operation pattern correction function 513.
  • the prediction calculation function 511 is a solar power generation output prediction for predicting the power generation output of the solar power generation device 2 by using weather prediction data such as weather, solar radiation amount, and temperature stored in the weather data storage device 52 in advance.
  • a calculation unit 5111 and a demand power prediction calculation unit 5112 for predicting the demand power of the load device 4 are provided.
  • the output shift operation pattern generation function 512 includes a storage battery charge / discharge pattern calculation unit 5121 for calculating an initial set value of the charge / discharge pattern of the power storage device 3 using the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation output and the demand power.
  • a photovoltaic power generation output suppression amount / load adjustment amount calculation unit 5123 for calculating a power generation output suppression amount of the photovoltaic power generation device 2 or an adjustment amount of the load device 4, an initial setting value of the charge / discharge pattern, and a solar power generation output suppression amount
  • Output shift operation pattern for generating output shift operation patterns of the photovoltaic power generator 2, the power storage device 3, and the load device 4 based on the adjustment amount of the load And a generation unit 5124.
  • the output shift operation pattern correction function 513 determines an SOC evaluation calculation unit 5131 that calculates the time transition of the charge / discharge state (SOC) of the power storage device 3 and whether or not the SOC level is within an appropriate range.
  • a correction unit 5134 is an index representing the remaining amount (charged electric energy) of the storage battery and is expressed as a percentage of the rated charge capacity.
  • control processing of the control device 5 of the independent power supply system 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the process described below represents the process of the control arithmetic unit 51, and the case where the control cycle is set in the range of several minutes to 30 minutes will be described here in relation to the time resolution of the output shift operation pattern data. Furthermore, here, a case where the control cycle is 10 minutes will be described as an example.
  • weather forecast data such as the solar radiation amount Sr (W / m 2 ) and the outside air temperature To (° C.) collected and stored via the public line 6 and stored in the weather data storage device 52 are read.
  • data 48 points
  • data 48 points
  • data 48 points
  • Pf_m charge-discharge electric power
  • P BATT _m W of power storage device 3
  • the state of charge SOC %
  • the latest measurement data of the demand power Pd (W) of the load device 4 are read.
  • the charge / discharge power is expressed as positive discharge power and negative charge power.
  • Ppv (t) Sr (t) ⁇ Ks ⁇ Kpv ⁇ Kt (To) ⁇ Kb ⁇ Kc ⁇ Kpcs ⁇ K ⁇ (t) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 (kW) (1)
  • Ks Solar radiation correction coefficient
  • Kpv Panel capacity conversion coefficient
  • Kb Dirt coefficient
  • Kc Cable efficiency coefficient
  • Kpcs Power converter efficiency coefficient
  • the power demand of the load device 4 is predicted.
  • a statistical method, a metaheuristic method, or the like can be applied as a prediction method.
  • a prediction calculation is performed using weather prediction data as a parameter based on statistical processing of past demand power patterns stored in the measurement data storage device 53.
  • For each parameter it is possible to predict the power demand with relatively high accuracy by an algorithm that repeatedly corrects the degree of influence of the parameters so as to reduce the difference between the predicted value and the actually measured value. Specifically, this is performed as follows. First, a plurality of demand power patterns, such as seasons, days of the week, and weather, which are close in condition to the prediction target date, are extracted from the stored data in the measurement data storage device.
  • an average of the plurality of extracted demand power patterns is taken as a basic predicted demand power pattern Pd0 (t).
  • the correction factors G1 (t) and G2 (t) are added to the basic forecast demand power pattern Pd0 (t) based on the weather and temperature of the day, and the demand becomes forecast power demand data according to equation (2).
  • a predicted power value Pd (t) is calculated.
  • the correction coefficients G1 (t) and G2 (t) are sequentially corrected so that the difference between the predicted value and the actually measured value becomes small.
  • S45 represents processing of the output shift operation pattern generation function 512 shown in FIG.
  • S451 using the predicted value Ppv (t) of the power generation output of the solar power generation device 2 predicted by the formulas (1) and (2) and the predicted value Pd (t) of the demand power of the load device 4, the formula (3 ), The charge / discharge power P BATT (t) of the power storage device 3 is calculated from the difference between Pd (t) and Ppv (t) and set as an initial value.
  • P BATT (t) ⁇ Pcmax go to S453 (4) If P BATT (t)> Pdmax, go to S454 (5) If Pcmax ⁇ P BATT (t) ⁇ Pdmax, go to S455 (6) However, Pcmax: Maximum charge power (W) Pdmax: Maximum discharge power (W) And
  • ⁇ Pd (t) P BATT (t) ⁇ Pdmax (8)
  • P BATT (t) charge / discharge power
  • ⁇ Ppv (t) and ⁇ Pd (t) are set to zero.
  • S46 represents the process of the output shift operation pattern correction function 513 shown in FIG.
  • the charge / discharge power P BATT (t) * of the power storage device 3 calculated by the equation (11) is used to charge / charge 24 hours ahead (30 points, 48 points), which is the future time.
  • the discharge state SOC (t) is calculated by Equation (12). How many hours ahead is calculated, and how much time is divided between them varies depending on the installation environment and the like. Here, a case where 24 hours ahead is divided every 30 minutes is described as an example.
  • SOC (t) SOC (t ⁇ 1) + ((P BATT (t) * ⁇ 0.5) / Ph_rated) ⁇ 100 (%) (12)
  • Ph_rated is the rated capacity (Wh) of the power storage device 3.
  • the charge / discharge state SOC (t) of the power storage device 3 is determined as to whether or not the charge / discharge state is in an appropriate range as shown in equations (13) to (15).
  • ⁇ Ppv (t) * ((Smax ⁇ SOC (Tmax)) / 100 ⁇ Ph_rated) / ⁇ T (16)
  • Tmax is a time interval in which SOC (t) is maximum
  • the time interval Ts for starting the correction according to Equation (16) is from the current time interval to the time interval Tb at which SOC (t) starts to exceed Smax.
  • ⁇ Pd (t) * ((Smin ⁇ SOC (Tmin)) / 100 ⁇ Ph_rated) / ⁇ T '(17)
  • Tmin is a time interval in which SOC (t) is minimum
  • the time interval Ts for starting the correction according to Expression (17) is from the current time interval to the time interval Tc at which SOC (t) starts to exceed Smin.
  • the independent power supply system in the present embodiment, when the demand prediction data and the power generation output prediction data are predicted to charge the storage batteries 31A and 31B exceeding the maximum charging power of the storage batteries 31A and 31B.
  • the power generation output from the solar power generation device 2 is suppressed and the demand prediction data and the power generation output data predict that discharge from the storage batteries 31A and 31B exceeds the maximum discharge power of the storage batteries 31A and 31B. Since the power consumption of the adjustment load 41 is suppressed, it can be controlled so as not to exceed the maximum charge and discharge power of the storage batteries 31A and 31B. Therefore, it is necessary to separately provide an adjustment power source such as a diesel engine. Since there is no need to increase the capacity of the installation, the installation cost, which is the cost at the time of introduction, can be reduced.
  • the photovoltaic power generator 2 when the charge / discharge state of the storage battery in a predetermined future period is calculated in a predictive manner and the charge / discharge state in the future predetermined period is predicted to exceed the maximum charge power amount of the storage battery, the photovoltaic power generator 2 The power generation output from the control load 41 is suppressed, and the power consumption of the adjustment load 41 is suppressed when the charge / discharge state in the future predetermined period is predicted to be lower than the minimum charge power amount of the storage batteries 31A and 31B. Therefore, in addition to the above effects, the maximum charge and discharge power of the storage batteries 31A and 31B can be controlled with higher accuracy, and the capacity of the power storage device does not need to be further increased.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration example of an independent power supply system to which autonomous control is applied.
  • the major difference from FIG. 1 is that there is no control device for controlling the entire system of the independent power supply system 110, and means for measuring the combined output of the solar power generation device 102 and the power storage device 103, respectively. It is a point provided.
  • the photovoltaic power generation device 102 whose power generation output varies according to the solar radiation conditions, the power storage device 103 composed of a secondary battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion battery, and the load device 104 are connected to the power receiving devices 25, 35, 45 for interconnection. Are connected to the power line 1 via the power line 1.
  • the solar power generation device 102, the power storage device 103, and the load device 104 are each operated based on a control command from the control device 105.
  • the control device 105 transmits the weather forecast information transmitted through the public line 6, the amount of electricity such as power, voltage, and power factor transmitted from the solar power generation device 102, the power storage device 103, and the load device 104, and the charging state ( Based on an operation state signal such as SOC (State of Charge), etc., each device has a function of transmitting control commands such as a power generation output suppression amount, charge / discharge power, and load adjustment amount.
  • the independent power supply system 110 does not include a power generator for adjusting the output of a rotating machine system having inertia such as a diesel generator. Therefore, the power storage device 103 is responsible for the operation for maintaining the voltage and frequency as a reference power source for the independent power supply system 110.
  • the power storage device 103 performs an automatic voltage adjustment operation (AVR).
  • AVR automatic voltage adjustment operation
  • the solar power generation device 102 and the load device 104 in order to assist the automatic voltage adjustment operation of the power storage device 103, temporary power generation output suppression or load adjustment is performed.
  • the solar power generation device 102, the power storage device 103, and the load device 104 are each autonomously operated by a control device that is included therein.
  • the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 includes a photovoltaic power generation panel 21 and an interconnection protection function for converting DC power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel 21 into AC power, controlling the output, and connecting to the power line 1.
  • the interconnection power converter 122 incorporates a control device 320 having a communication function with the outside. The measurement value of the combined output of the solar power generation device 102 and the power storage device 103 is transmitted to the control device 320 of the interconnection power converter 122, and the power generation output is suppressed based on the voltage information at its own end.
  • the power storage device 103 is a device that adjusts the supply and demand balance of the power of the independent power supply system 110 by charging and discharging.
  • the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B having a protection function for connection to the power line 1, and the self-end voltage / current detection device used for control and protection performed by the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B (Not shown)
  • a control device 105 for determining a control command such as charge / discharge power and operation / stop information for transmission to a grid-connected power converter that controls the storage battery
  • an auxiliary machine 34 for the storage batteries 31A and 31B It consists of.
  • Each of the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B has a function of controlling the active / reactive power in order to maintain the frequency and voltage within an appropriate range based on the control command from the control device 105 and the voltage / current information at its own end. Have. In addition to the measurement value of the combined output of the solar power generation device 102 and the power storage device 103, weather control information is also transmitted to the control device 105 via the public line 6.
  • the storage batteries 31A and 31B secondary batteries such as lead storage batteries, lithium ion batteries, sodium / sulfur batteries, and redox flow batteries can be applied. In addition, since these batteries need to be refreshed regularly, in order to allow the power supply system to stably supply power during that period, at least two sets can be independently operated. There is a need. And it connects to the power line 1 through the power receiving apparatus 35 for interconnections, such as a transformer or a switch.
  • the load device 104 includes an adjustment load 41 that can adjust power consumption, a load 42 that does not have any other special functions, and a control device 143 that has a function of calculating a load adjustment amount from voltage information at its own end. Is done. Although not shown, a self-end voltage / current detection device is also installed.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing functional configurations of the control devices of the power storage device 103, the solar power generation device 102, and the load device 104 that constitute an independent power supply system to which autonomous control is applied.
  • 7 corresponds to the control device 105 of the power storage device 103
  • FIG. 8 corresponds to the control device 320 of the solar power generation device 2
  • FIG. 9 corresponds to the control device 143 of the load device 104.
  • control device 105 includes a control arithmetic device 51 that calculates a charge / discharge power command transmitted to the interconnection power converters 32 ⁇ / b> A and 32 ⁇ / b> B of the power storage device 103 and a voltage target command in the independent power supply system 110, and an amount of solar radiation.
  • a meteorological data storage device 52 that stores weather forecast data such as temperature and temperature
  • a measurement data storage device 53 that stores measurement data such as the amount of electricity at its own end and the combined output of the solar power generation device 102 and the power storage device 103
  • Input device 55 and a display device 56 for the operator to check the operation status and the like.
  • the control calculation device 51 includes a prediction calculation function 511, an output shift operation pattern generation function 512, and an output shift operation pattern correction function 513.
  • the prediction calculation function 511 is a solar power generation output prediction for predicting the power generation output of the solar power generation device 102 using weather prediction data such as weather, solar radiation amount, and temperature stored in the weather data storage device 52 in advance.
  • a calculation unit 5111 and a demand power prediction calculation unit 5112 for predicting the demand power of the load device 104 are included.
  • the output shift operation pattern generation function 512 includes a storage battery charge / discharge pattern calculation unit 5121 for calculating an initial set value of the charge / discharge pattern of the power storage device 103 using the prediction result of the photovoltaic power generation output and the demand power.
  • the charge / discharge level determination unit 5122 for determining whether or not the charge and discharge levels are in appropriate ranges with respect to the initial setting of the charge / discharge pattern, and the power generation output of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 based on the determination result Of the solar power generation output suppression amount / load adjustment amount calculation unit 5123 for calculating the amount of suppression of the load or the load device 104, the initial setting value of the charge / discharge pattern, the amount of solar power generation output suppression, and the load adjustment amount.
  • the output shift operation pattern correction function 513 determines the SOC evaluation calculation unit 5131 for calculating the time transition of the charge / discharge state (SOC) of the power storage device 103 and whether the SOC level is within an appropriate range.
  • an output shift operation pattern correction unit 5134 that corrects the charge / discharge pattern of the power storage device 103 and the target voltage based on the correction calculation result of the suppression amount of the photovoltaic power generation output and the adjustment amount of the load.
  • the control device 320 of the interconnection power converter 122 of the solar power generation device 102 includes an output suppression amount calculation function 321 and a power control function 322.
  • the output suppression amount calculation function 321 reads the measured value of the self-end voltage and determines the level of the self-end voltage determination unit 3211 and the charge / discharge power of the storage battery using the self-generated power output and the measured value of the combined power.
  • the storage battery charge / discharge power calculation unit 3212 uses the storage battery charge / discharge power calculation unit 3212 to calculate, the charge / discharge state determination unit 3213 for determining the charge / discharge state from the charge / discharge power of the storage battery, the determination result of the self-end voltage and the charge / discharge state determination result of the storage battery It has a photovoltaic power generation output suppression control calculation unit 3214 that calculates a power generation output suppression amount, and a delay timer 3215 that holds an output suppression command for a predetermined time.
  • the power control function 322 generates and transmits a gate pulse signal that controls the output power of the interconnection power converter 122 using measured values of the voltage and current at its own end.
  • control device 143 of the load device 104 reads the measured value of the self-end voltage and determines its level, and the load limit that calculates the load limit amount from the self-end voltage determination result.
  • a control calculation unit 432 and a delay timer 433 for holding a load limit command for a predetermined time are provided.
  • FIG. 10 corresponds to the control device 105 of the power storage device 103
  • FIG. 11 corresponds to the control device 320 of the solar power generation device 102
  • FIG. 12 corresponds to the control device 143 of the load device 104.
  • FIG. 4 an example in which a range of several minutes to 30 minutes is set will be described.
  • a case where the control cycle is 10 minutes will be described.
  • weather forecast data such as solar radiation amount Sr (W / m 2 ) and outside temperature To (° C.) collected and stored via the public line 6 and stored in the weather data storage device 52 are displayed.
  • W solar radiation amount
  • To ° C.
  • the weather data storage device 52 it is assumed that a 30-minute value is stored.
  • the combined output Psum (W) and the power factor Pf of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 2 and the power storage apparatus 103, which are regularly measured and processed as an average value for 10 minutes, the charge / discharge power P BATT ( W) and charge state SOC (%) are read.
  • the charge / discharge power P BATT is represented here as positive discharge power and negative charge power.
  • S86 represents the process of the output shift operation pattern correction function 513 shown in FIG. In S861, using the charge / discharge power P BATT (t) * of the power storage device 103 calculated by Expression (11), the charge / discharge state SOC (t ) Is calculated by Equation (12).
  • a command is directly sent from the control device 105 to each device through a line.
  • the control device 105 located inside the power storage device 103 receives a sun. Since the output suppression command cannot be directly transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102, the operation of suppressing the power generation output is indirectly performed by controlling the target voltage Vref of the independent power supply system 110. . That is, the target voltage Vref is temporarily set to a value Va larger than the rated voltage Vo in S864, and the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 suppresses the power generation output when the target voltage exceeds Va for a predetermined time or more. To be controlled.
  • the target voltage Vref is temporarily set to a value Vb smaller than the rated voltage Vo, and the load device 104 suppresses the demand power when the target voltage continues below Vb for a predetermined time or more. I tried to control it.
  • the charge / discharge power amount P BATT (t) * is corrected by Equation (20) using the charge / discharge pattern output suppression correction amount ⁇ Ppv * and the load adjustment correction amount ⁇ Pd * obtained in S862 to S867. Further, the target voltage Vref is set to Va (> Vo) or Vb ( ⁇ Vo) according to the state of SOC (t). In S47, the charge / discharge amount and the target voltage Vref are commanded to the interconnection power converters 32A and 32B as control commands.
  • the self-end voltage / current and the combined output Psum (W) of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 and the power storage apparatus 103 that are periodically measured and processed as an average value for 10 minutes are read.
  • the charge / discharge power P BATT of the power storage device 103 is calculated as the difference between the combined output Psum and the self-generated power output Ppv.
  • the self-end voltage Vpv is compared with the reference voltage Va, and if the state where Vpv is smaller than Va continues, the output suppression amount ⁇ Ppv is set to zero.
  • the processing of the control device 43 of the load device 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the voltage / current at the terminal is read.
  • the self-end voltage Vd is compared with the reference voltage Vb, and when the state where Vd is larger than Vb continues, the load adjustment amount ⁇ Pd is set to zero.
  • a predetermined value is set to ⁇ Pd in step S83c. After maintaining this state for a predetermined time, an output suppression command is transmitted.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a control operation when the state of charge SOC of the power storage device 103 exceeds the maximum charge amount or falls below the minimum charge amount during the autonomous control described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12.
  • (A) in the figure is a case where the SOC exceeds the maximum charge amount.
  • the control device 105 of the power storage device 103 raises the target voltage Vref from the rated voltage Vo to Va at time T1.
  • the charging power of the power storage device 103 follows the decreasing direction (positive direction), and the terminal voltage instantaneously becomes Va.
  • the output Ppv of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is suppressed by a predetermined value ⁇ Ppv after being held until time T2.
  • the output is increased in the discharge direction so that the power storage device 103 follows up and compensates for the insufficient power generation amount, and the voltage is maintained at the reference value Va.
  • the target voltage is returned to the original Vo at time T3.
  • FIG. 5B shows a case where the SOC is below the minimum charge amount.
  • the control device 105 of the power storage device 103 has lowered the target voltage Vref from the rated voltage Vo to Vb.
  • the charging power of power storage device 103 follows the increasing direction (negative direction), and the terminal voltage instantaneously becomes Vb.
  • the demand power Pd of the load 2 is limited by a predetermined value ⁇ Pd.
  • the output is increased in the discharging direction so that the power storage device 103 follows up and compensates for the insufficient power generation amount, and the voltage is maintained at the reference value Vb. Thereafter, the target voltage is returned to the original Vo at time T7.
  • control device 105 having the control role as described in the first embodiment is arranged inside the power storage device 103 is described in the case where the autonomous control is used. Since the control device is arranged inside one device (regardless of whether it is inside the power storage device 103 or not), the output is directly suppressed with respect to the other device (the control device). -Commands such as power consumption suppression cannot be transmitted, and control is performed indirectly by controlling the target voltage in the independent power supply system 110. Specific control contents are as described above. By performing the target voltage control in this way, it is possible to perform the same control as the centralized control by the control device that is indirectly arranged in one device.
  • control contents can be made the same although there is a difference between direct and indirect, so that the effects described in the first embodiment can be obtained in the same way. become.
  • Example 3 an independent power supply system to which a photovoltaic power generation device that performs reactive power control by centralized control is applied as Example 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a processing flow of the control device 5 when the solar power generation device 2 that performs reactive power control is applied to the independent power supply system 10 operated by centralized control.
  • the processing additionally performed in the first embodiment with respect to the present embodiment is performed by the control arithmetic device 51 in FIG. 3 used in the description of the first embodiment. Since the configuration of the independent power supply system 10 and the functional configuration of the control device 5 are the same as those described in FIGS. 3 and 4, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • the control cycle of the control arithmetic unit 51 is set in the range of several minutes to 30 minutes here because of the relationship with the time resolution of the output shift operation pattern data. For example, here, the control cycle is assumed to be 10 minutes.
  • the processing from S101 to S106 is the same as the processing from S41 to S46 shown in FIG. 4, and the description is omitted here.
  • the power factor commanded to the interconnection power converter 22 of the photovoltaic power generator 2 is calculated.
  • the measured value of the charge and discharge power of the storage battery is averaged by the moving average or the like in S1071, calculates the charge and discharge levels P BATT _ave power storage device 3.
  • a predetermined range for example, when there within 50% of the rated output sets the command value of the power factor 1 (S1073), a predetermined
  • the command value of the power factor Pf is set to the optimum power factor Pf OPT determined from the impedance of the local system (S1074).
  • the optimum power factor Pf OPT is approximately calculated in advance by Equation (21) as the ratio of the resistance R of the system impedance from the output end of the photovoltaic power generation device 2 to the connection point of the load device 4 and the reactance X. Is possible.
  • FIG. 6A shows a case where the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 2 does not perform reactive power control and always operates with a power factor of 1.
  • FIG. It is an example of the driving
  • the independent power supply system 10 in addition to the voltage fluctuation caused by the supply / demand imbalance described in each of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG. As a result, a combined voltage fluctuation is generated in which the voltage fluctuation generated by the output fluctuation on the impedance is superimposed.
  • the charge / discharge power is adjusted by the automatic voltage control of the power storage device 3 so as to control the target voltage including the voltage fluctuation.
  • the load device 4 and the solar power generation device 2 When the power fluctuation is large, the compensation amount of the power storage device 3 is increased.
  • FIG. 5B by operating the solar power generation device 2 at the optimum power factor determined by the formula (21), voltage fluctuation caused by output fluctuation of the solar power generation device 2 is suppressed. Therefore, the combined voltage fluctuation compensated by the power storage device 3 is only the voltage fluctuation due to the load device 4, and the compensation amount can be reduced.
  • other methods may be used as the power factor calculation method.
  • the rate command value is set to a value determined using the impedance of the power system in the stand-alone power supply system. This suppresses combined voltage fluctuations in which fluctuations in power consumption of the load device 4 and output fluctuations of the photovoltaic power generation device 2 act on the impedance are superimposed, thereby suppressing automatic voltage control (AVR) of the power storage device. It becomes possible to reduce the burden. Furthermore, if it is within the predetermined range, by setting the command value of the power factor of the solar power generation device 2 to 1, it is possible to perform the power generation operation without wasting power that can be generated.
  • the case where the first embodiment is applied together with the first embodiment is described.
  • the compensation which can be realized in the first embodiment is complementarily compensated. Better) and a more effective combination.
  • the control content is changed by comparing whether or not this average value is within a predetermined range. If the value does not have to be a value and varies in a correlated manner with the measurement value including the measurement value itself, the same control can be performed by determining the predetermined value together.
  • the comparison can be performed with high accuracy without being influenced by instantaneous fluctuations, which is beneficial because it increases reliability. This also applies to Example 4 below.
  • the independent power supply system to which the photovoltaic power generation apparatus that performs reactive power control by centralized control is described.
  • reactive power control is performed on the independent power supply system operated by autonomous control.
  • the case where the photovoltaic power generation apparatus to perform is applied is demonstrated using FIG.
  • the overall configuration of the stand-alone power supply system 110 in this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 6, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.
  • FIG. 16 shows a flow of processing of the control device of the solar power generation apparatus 102 in the present embodiment.
  • the control flows of the power storage device 103 and the load device 104 are the same as those described in FIGS. 10 and 12, respectively.
  • the processing from S121 to S127 is the same as the processing from S81b to S87b shown in FIG. Therefore, description of these processes is omitted in this embodiment.
  • the driving power factor of the interconnection power converter 122 of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is calculated in the same manner as the process described in S107 of FIG. First, the measured value of the charge and discharge power of the storage battery is averaged by the moving average or the like in S1281, calculates the charge and discharge levels P BATT _ave of the power storage device 103.
  • a predetermined range for example, when there within 50% of the rated output sets the command value of the power factor 1 (S1283), a predetermined
  • the command value of the power factor Pf is set to the optimum power factor Pf OPT determined from the impedance of the local system (S1284).
  • the optimal power factor Pf OPT is calculated in advance by the formula (21) as a ratio of the low resistance component R and the reactance component X of the system impedance from the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation device 102 to the connection point of the load device 104. Is possible.
  • the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 compares whether or not the average value of the measured values of the charge / discharge power of the storage batteries 31A and 31B is within a predetermined range.
  • the command value of the power factor of the device 102 By setting the command value of the power factor of the device 102 to a value determined using the impedance of the power system in the independent power supply system, independent power supply is possible even when autonomous control is performed regardless of centralized control.
  • the entire system can be operated in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and therefore the same effect can be obtained.
  • it is within the predetermined range by setting the command value of the power factor of the solar power generation device 2 to 1, it is possible to perform the power generation operation without wasting power that can be generated.
  • Example 5 A stand-alone power supply system using load start / stop information will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. Note that the configuration of the stand-alone power supply system 10 and the functional configuration of the control device 5 in this embodiment are the same as those described in FIGS. 3 and 4, and a description thereof is omitted here.
  • FIG. 17 shows a processing flow of the control device 5 when the load start / stop notice information is utilized in an independent power supply system operated by centralized control.
  • the process described below represents the process of the control arithmetic unit 51 of FIG. 3, and the control cycle is set in the range of several minutes to 30 minutes here in relation to the time resolution of the output shift operation pattern data. desirable. For example, here, the control cycle is assumed to be 10 minutes.
  • the processing from S131 to S136 is the same as the processing from S41 to S46 shown in FIG.
  • the control command based on the load start / stop notice information is calculated.
  • S 1371 it is determined whether or not there is a start / stop notice signal transmitted from the power storage device 3.
  • the output suppression amount of the solar power generation device 2 and the charge / discharge power adjustment amount of the power storage device 3 are calculated in S1372 by the method described below.
  • the adjustment amount of the load device 4 and the charge / discharge power adjustment amount of the power storage device 3 are calculated by the method described below in S1373. That is, as shown in FIG. 18B, when the activation notice signal is received at time T5, the load is activated at time T6 after a predetermined time, so that the adjustment load 41 of the load device 4 is adjusted in preparation for this. The amount is calculated, and the power consumption adjustment amount is commanded to the load device 4 in S139 through the power factor control calculation in S138. As a result, the power consumption is reduced, so that the charge / discharge power of the power storage device 3 is shifted in the charging direction (negative direction) so that supply and demand imbalance does not occur.
  • the power storage device 3 shifts in the charging direction and secures a sufficient compensation amount in the discharging direction, so that the rapid increase in power consumption can be absorbed by discharging. Thereafter, when the power consumption adjustment command of the load device 4 is canceled at a time T7 after a predetermined time, the charge / discharge power of the power storage device 3 shifts in the discharge direction so as to maintain the supply-demand balance.
  • the independent power supply system 10 can be used without increasing the capacity of the power storage device 3 even for large power fluctuations caused by steep load start and stop. It becomes possible to maintain a balance between supply and demand.
  • the case where it is applied in combination with the first embodiment has been described, and if it is applied together, the compensation that can be realized in the first embodiment is complementarily compensated. ) A more effective combination.
  • the contents described in the third embodiment can be applied together. In this case, it contributes most to the reduction in the capacity of the power storage device, and the introduction cost can be greatly reduced.

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