WO2013121876A1 - 焼付け塗装硬化性に優れたアルミニウム合金板 - Google Patents
焼付け塗装硬化性に優れたアルミニウム合金板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013121876A1 WO2013121876A1 PCT/JP2013/051896 JP2013051896W WO2013121876A1 WO 2013121876 A1 WO2013121876 A1 WO 2013121876A1 JP 2013051896 W JP2013051896 W JP 2013051896W WO 2013121876 A1 WO2013121876 A1 WO 2013121876A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an Al—Mg—Si aluminum alloy sheet.
- the aluminum alloy plate referred to in the present invention is a rolled plate such as a hot-rolled plate or a cold-rolled plate, and is subjected to tempering such as solution treatment and quenching treatment, and is subjected to press molding or panel state on the panel. This refers to the aluminum alloy plate before baking finish hardening treatment.
- aluminum is also called Al.
- panels such as outer panels (outer plates) and inner panels (inner plates) of panel structures such as automobile hoods, fenders, doors, roofs, and trunk lids are thin and high-strength aluminum alloy plates.
- Al—Mg—Si based AA to JIS 6000 (hereinafter also simply referred to as 6000) aluminum alloy plates are used.
- This 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si series) aluminum alloy plate contains Si and Mg as essential elements.
- the excess Si type 6000 series aluminum alloy has a composition in which the Si / Mg is 1 or more in mass ratio.
- it has excellent artificial age-hardening ability during forced heating. For this reason, it is possible to ensure formability by reducing the yield strength during press molding and bending, and to artificially age-harden by forced heating during relatively low-temperature artificial aging (curing) treatment, such as paint baking treatment of panels after molding.
- curing curing
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate has a relatively small amount of alloy elements as compared with other 5000 series aluminum alloys having a large amount of alloy such as Mg. For this reason, when the scraps of these 6000 series aluminum alloy plates are reused as an aluminum alloy melting material (melting raw material), the original 6000 series aluminum alloy ingot is easily obtained, and the recyclability is also excellent.
- an outer panel of an automobile is manufactured by combining an aluminum alloy plate with a forming process such as an extension forming in a press forming or a bending forming.
- a forming process such as an extension forming in a press forming or a bending forming.
- a large outer panel such as a hood or a door is formed into a molded product shape as an outer panel by press molding such as overhanging, and then an inner panel is formed by hem (hemming) processing such as a flat hem at the outer peripheral edge of the outer panel.
- hem hem
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose that the production amount of these Mg—Si-based clusters, in particular, Si / vacancy clusters (GPI), is regulated as a factor inhibiting the low-temperature age-hardening ability. .
- GPI Si / vacancy clusters
- in order to regulate the amount of GPI produced that inhibits room temperature aging suppression and low-temperature age-hardening ability 150 to 250 ° C. corresponding to dissolution of GPI in the DSC of T4 material cocoon (after solution treatment and natural aging) No endothermic peak in the temperature range.
- a low temperature heat treatment is performed for about 0.5 to 50 hours at 70 to 150 ° C.
- the bake coating curability disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 has a proof stress of 168 MPa at the maximum after baked under artificial aging conditions of 175 ° C. ⁇ 30 minutes to 170 ° C. ⁇ 20 minutes. Thus, it does not exceed 200 MPa required for this kind of panel application.
- Patent Document 3 it is an excess Si type 6000 series aluminum alloy material, and in DSC after tempering treatment including solution treatment and quenching treatment of this aluminum alloy material, Negative endothermic peak height in the temperature range of 150 to 250 ° C. corresponding to dissolution is 1000 ⁇ W or less, and positive exothermic peak height in the temperature range of 250 to 300 ° C. corresponding to precipitation of Mg / Si cluster (GPII) soot It has been proposed that the thickness be 2000 ⁇ W or less.
- This aluminum alloy material has a yield strength in the range of 110 to 160 MPa as a property after room temperature aging for at least 4 months after the tempering treatment, a proof stress difference within 15 MPa and an elongation of 28 MPa immediately after the tempering treatment. %, And further, the yield strength during low temperature aging treatment at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes after applying 2% strain is 180 MPa or more.
- the post-BH yield strength after baking finish hardening (a condition of 170 ° C. ⁇ 20 minutes after applying 2% strain) of an aluminum alloy sheet having an As yield strength of less than 135 MPa immediately after the tempering treatment (manufacturing). It is difficult to obtain a high yield strength close to or higher than 240 MPa. That is, it is difficult to have a baked paint curing characteristic (BH property) such that the difference between the post-BH yield strength and the As yield strength is 120 MPa or more.
- BH property baked paint curing characteristic
- Patent Document 4 in order to obtain the BH property by baking and curing at such a low temperature and short time, the heat generation in the temperature range of 100 to 200 ° C. in the differential scanning calorimetry curve after the tempering treatment of the 6000 series aluminum alloy sheet.
- the peak height W1 is set to 50 ⁇ W or more, and the ratio W2 / W1 between the exothermic peak height W2 in the temperature range of 200 to 300 ° C. and the exothermic peak height W1 is set to 20.0 or less.
- the exothermic peak W1 corresponds to the precipitation of the GP zone that becomes the nucleation site of ⁇ ′′ (Mg 2 Si phase) during the artificial age hardening treatment, and the higher the peak height of W1, the more artificial It is assumed that the GP zone that becomes the nucleation site of ⁇ ′′ at the age hardening treatment is already formed and secured on the plate after the tempering treatment. As a result, ⁇ ′′ grows rapidly during the baking coating curing process after molding, and the baking coating curability (artificial age hardening ability) is improved.
- the exothermic peak W2 is the ⁇ ′′ itself. This exothermic peak W2 height is set to correspond to the precipitation peak in order to secure the formability by reducing the proof stress to less than 135 MPa after the tempering treatment (after production). It is supposed to be as small as possible.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-219382 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-273567 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-27170 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-139537
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and Al-Si- which can stably obtain a high BH property even in a car body paint baking process under conditions where the temperature is shortened at a low temperature after aging at room temperature. It is to provide an Mg-based aluminum alloy plate.
- the gist of the aluminum alloy sheet excellent in bake coating curability according to the present invention is, by mass, Mg: 0.2 to 2.0%, Si: 0.3 to 2.0%. A balance of Al and inevitable impurities, and an Al—Mg—Si-based aluminum alloy plate that has been subjected to solution hardening treatment and reheating treatment as a tempering treatment after rolling.
- the exothermic peak height in the temperature range of ⁇ 270 ° C. is A
- the exothermic peak height in the temperature range of 280-320 ° C. is B
- the exothermic peak The height B is 20 ⁇ W / mg or more, and the ratio of the exothermic peak heights A and C to the exothermic peak height B is A / B of 0.45 or less, and C / B is 0.6 or less.
- each Both the exothermic peak heights A and C are regulated, and 0.2% proof stress increase in a direction parallel to the rolling direction when an artificial age hardening treatment is performed at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after 2% strain is applied.
- the amount is 100 MPa or more.
- an aluminum alloy sheet having an As yield strength of less than 135 MPa immediately after the tempering process (manufacturing) is subjected to a baking coating hardening process at a low temperature for a short time (a condition of 170 ° C. ⁇ 20 minutes after applying 2% strain).
- the high yield strength obtained by improving the post-BH yield strength by 100 MPa or more by the yield strength difference from the As yield strength can be stably obtained in a long plate coil.
- a wide and long aluminum alloy plate in a coil state manufactured by cold rolling is press-molded on several hundreds of panels such as the automobile over a longitudinal portion of the rolling. Even if the structure of such an aluminum alloy plate is microscopically defined by optical or SEM, TEM or other microscopic analysis such as the size and density of the compound, it is still a wide and long aluminum alloy plate in a coiled state. This characteristic is not always guaranteed over the part in the rolling longitudinal direction.
- the characteristics of a wide and long aluminum alloy plate in a coil state can be ensured over a part in the rolling longitudinal direction, and the pressure of one plate (coil) can be ensured. It is possible to simultaneously improve or guarantee the BH property under the low temperature and short time conditions of a large number of panels each sampled and molded from each part extending in the extending hand direction.
- each requirement specified in the present invention is not limited to immediately after the tempering process (immediately after the plate manufacturing), but also any period from the tempering process (after the plate manufacturing) to the press forming or bending process (for example, the plate manufacturing). This refers to an aluminum alloy sheet after a month or more has passed.
- the structure of a 6000 series (Al—Mg—Si series) aluminum alloy sheet that has been subjected to solution hardening treatment and reheating treatment as a tempering treatment after rolling is particularly related to BH properties in a differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- Invention Example 1 is a thick solid line
- Invention Example 2 is a thin solid line
- Comparative Example 4 Are indicated by dotted lines.
- the three exothermic peak heights particularly related to the BH property are the exothermic peak height A in the temperature range of 230 to 270 ° C. and the exothermic peak in the temperature range of 280 to 320 ° C. in the differential scanning calorimetry curve.
- Height B, exothermic peak height C in the temperature range of 330 to 370 ° C. is selected and controlled.
- these exothermic peaks having exothermic peak heights A, B, and C are referred to as exothermic peak a, exothermic peak b, and exothermic peak c, respectively.
- the differential scanning calorimetry curve is a heating curve from the solid phase obtained by measuring the thermal change in the melting process of the aluminum alloy sheet after the tempering treatment by differential thermal analysis under the following conditions.
- this differential thermal analysis is performed at 10 locations including the front end, the center, and the rear end in the longitudinal direction of the tempered aluminum alloy plate.
- the highest exothermic peak heights among the exothermic peaks in the respective temperature ranges are averaged at the ten measurement points as the respective exothermic peak heights A, B, and C.
- test equipment DSC220G manufactured by Seiko Instruments
- standard material aluminum
- sample container aluminum
- temperature rising condition 15 ° C./min
- atmosphere argon (50 ml / min)
- Sample weight Each is performed under the same conditions of 24.5 to 26.5 mg.
- ⁇ W differential thermal analysis profile
- the differential thermal analysis profile is obtained in the 0-100 ° C. section of the differential thermal analysis profile.
- the horizontal region is defined as a reference level of 0, and the exothermic peak height from the reference level is the average of the highest exothermic peak heights of the exothermic peaks in the respective temperature ranges at the 10 measurements.
- the exothermic peak heights A, B, and C are used.
- Exothermic peak height B is the height of the exothermic peak b between 280 and 320 ° C., and corresponds to the precipitation peak of ⁇ ′ (intermediate phase).
- the fact that the exothermic peak height B, which is the peak of ⁇ ′, is sufficiently high is that supersaturated atoms frozen during solution quenching, in which more Mg and Si atoms are in solid solution and promote precipitation. It means that there are many voids.
- the supersaturated solid solution Mg, Si, and the amount of frozen vacancies are particularly advantageous for the precipitation of ⁇ ′′ phase.
- BH (baked) when the exothermic peak height B is ensured by a certain amount (constant height) of 20 ⁇ W / mg or more and subjected to artificial age hardening treatment at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after applying 2% strain.
- the exothermic peak height B is less than 20 ⁇ W / mg, even when other DSC requirements (A / B ⁇ 0.45, C / B ⁇ 0.6) are satisfied, 170 ° C. ⁇ 20 after applying 2% strain.
- the amount of increase in 0.2% proof stress in the direction parallel to the rolling direction when an artificial age hardening treatment is performed for 1 minute cannot be 100 MPa or more.
- the BH property (baking coating hardening characteristics) of the many panels formed from each forming part over the part in the rolling longitudinal direction of a single plate is improved or guaranteed at the same time under the low temperature and short time conditions.
- the upper limit of the exothermic peak height B is not particularly defined, it is about 50 ⁇ W / mg from the manufacturing limit. Therefore, the exothermic peak height B is preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ W / mg to 50 ⁇ W / mg.
- the exothermic peak height A is the height of the exothermic peak a between 230 and 270 ° C., and corresponds to the precipitation peak of the ⁇ ′′ phase that contributes to age hardening during artificial aging.
- this exothermic peak height A is increased in order to secure an Mg / Si cluster that becomes a nucleation site of the ⁇ ′′ phase.
- the exothermic peak height A is constrained to be small.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy rolled plate is subjected to solution hardening treatment and reheating treatment, and by controlling the heating rate and holding temperature, holding time, and cooling rate as a heat pattern during this reheating treatment, This exothermic peak height A is lowered.
- ⁇ ′′ is promptly applied to the subsequent panel during the baking coating process after forming. Therefore, the BH property under the low temperature and short time condition is improved by precisely controlling the relationship with other exothermic peak heights.
- Exothermic peak height A being significantly lower than exothermic peak height B means that ⁇ ′′ corresponding to the peak of A or its nucleus has already been formed before DSC measurement, It means that the higher the peak of B, the larger the amount of supersaturated solid solution Mg and Si involved in the precipitation of ⁇ ′′, and the larger the amount of frozen vacancies. Therefore, the exothermic peak height A is relative to the exothermic peak height B, and the ratio A / B of the exothermic peak height A to the exothermic peak height B is as small as A / B ⁇ 0.45. regulate. When A / B ⁇ 0.45, the BH property under the low temperature and short time condition is improved by a synergistic effect with the condition where the exothermic peak height B is 20 ⁇ W / mg or more.
- a / B is larger than 0.45 (higher), even if other DSC requirements (the exothermic peak height B is 20 ⁇ W / mg or more, C / B ⁇ 0.6) are satisfied.
- the increase in 0.2% proof stress in the direction parallel to the rolling direction when an artificial age hardening treatment is performed at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after 2% strain is applied cannot be 100 MPa or more.
- the BH property under the low temperature and short time conditions of a large number of panels formed from each forming part over the part in the rolling longitudinal direction of one sheet cannot be improved or guaranteed at the same time.
- the lower limit of A / B is not particularly defined, it is about 0.1 from the manufacturing limit. Therefore, A / B is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.45.
- Exothermic peak height C is the height of the exothermic peak c between 330 and 370 ° C. and corresponds to the precipitation peak of a stable ⁇ phase (Mg 2 Si).
- Mg 2 Si stable ⁇ phase
- the exothermic peak height C is relative to the exothermic peak height B
- C / B which is the ratio of the exothermic peak height C to the exothermic peak height B
- the exothermic peak height C is regulated and controlled as small as possible.
- C / B is larger (higher) than 0.6, it is assumed that other DSC requirements (the exothermic peak height B is 20 ⁇ W / mg or more, A / B ⁇ 0.45) are satisfied.
- the increase in 0.2% proof stress in the direction parallel to the rolling direction when an artificial age hardening treatment is performed at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after applying 2% strain cannot be 100 MPa or more.
- the BH property (baking coating hardening characteristics) of the many panels formed from each forming part over the part in the rolling longitudinal direction of a single plate is improved or guaranteed at the same time under the low temperature and short time conditions.
- the lower limit of C / B is not particularly defined, it is about 0.15 from the manufacturing limit. Therefore, C / B is preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.6.
- each of the exothermic peaks a, B, and c of the exothermic peak heights A, B, and C exists in a “seed” state at room temperature, and the state of the manufactured 6000 series aluminum alloy plate (normal room temperature).
- ordinary analysis means cannot perform analysis or detection at all.
- the exothermic peaks a, b, and c at the respective exothermic peak heights A, B, and C appear only when the tempered aluminum alloy sheet is heated by differential thermal analysis.
- each of these exothermic peak heights A, B, and C or exothermic peaks a, b, and c is considerably delayed under the heating conditions in this differential thermal analysis, and the first A generated is 230 ° C. or higher. It occurs for the first time at relatively high temperatures. Therefore, no matter how much differential thermal analysis has been performed so far, if there is no each of these exothermic peaks a, b, c, in other words, only a gentle DSC heating curve is obtained so that no peak can be detected in the temperature range. If not, the existence of each exothermic peak a, b, c or its behavior is completely unknown.
- the present invention is based on the knowledge about the existence of each of these exothermic peaks a, b, and c and their behavior (contribution) to BH properties at a low temperature in a short time.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate targeted by the present invention is required to have excellent properties such as formability, BH property, strength, weldability, and corrosion resistance as a plate for an automobile outer plate.
- the composition of the aluminum alloy plate includes, by mass, Mg: 0.2 to 2.0%, Si: 0.3 to 2.0%, the balance being Al and inevitable It shall consist of mechanical impurities.
- % display of content of each element means the mass% altogether.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate targeted by the present invention is an excess Si type 6000 series aluminum alloy plate having a better BH property and a Si / Mg mass ratio of Si / Mg of 1 or more. Is preferred.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy sheet secures formability by reducing the yield strength during press molding and bending, and is age-hardened by heating during relatively low temperature artificial aging treatment such as paint baking treatment of the panel after molding. Yield strength is improved, and it has excellent age-hardening ability (BH property) that can secure the required strength.
- the excess Si type 6000 series aluminum alloy plate is more excellent in this BH property than the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate having a mass ratio Si / Mg of less than 1.
- these other elements other than Mg and Si are basically impurities or elements that may be contained, and the content (allowable amount) at each element level in accordance with AA or JIS standards.
- the following elements are allowed to be contained in the range below the upper limit amount in accordance with AA to JIS standards defined below. Specifically, Mn: 1.0% or less (excluding 0%), Cu: 1.0% or less (excluding 0%), Fe: 1.0% or less (excluding 0%) %), Cr: 0.3% or less (excluding 0%), Zr: 0.3% or less (excluding 0%), V: 0.3% or less (provided that 0% not included), Ti: 0.05% or less (excluding 0%), Zn: 1.0% or less (excluding 0%), Ag: 0.2% or less (excluding In addition to the basic composition described above, one or more of the above may be further contained within this range.
- Si: 0.3 to 2.0% Si, together with Mg, is an important element in satisfying the control and regulation of the exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC that is effective for the BH property defined in the present invention.
- 6000 series aluminum alloy plate of the present invention it is the most important element for combining various properties such as total elongation that affect the press formability.
- Si / Mg is made to be 1.0 or more in mass ratio, and generally said excess It is preferable to have a 6000 series aluminum alloy composition in which Si is further contained in excess of Mg rather than Si type.
- Si is set in the range of 0.3 to 2.0%.
- Mg 0.2-2.0% Mg is also an important element in satisfying the control and regulation of each exothermic peak height A, B, and C in the DSC, which is effective for the BH property defined in the present invention together with Si.
- the artificial aging treatment such as solid solution strengthening and paint baking treatment, it is essential to form aging precipitates that contribute to strength improvement together with Si, exhibit age hardening ability, and obtain the necessary proof strength as a panel Elements.
- the Mg content is in the range of 0.2 to 2.0%, and preferably Si / Mg is such that the mass ratio is 1.0 or more.
- the aluminum alloy sheet of the present invention is a conventional process or a known process, and the aluminum alloy ingot having the above-mentioned 6000 series component composition is subjected to homogenization heat treatment after casting, and then subjected to hot rolling and cold rolling to obtain a predetermined process. It is manufactured by being subjected to a tempering treatment such as solution hardening and quenching.
- an ordinary molten casting method such as a continuous casting method or a semi-continuous casting method (DC casting method) is appropriately selected for the molten aluminum alloy adjusted to be dissolved within the above-mentioned 6000 series component composition range.
- the average cooling rate during casting is as large as possible from the liquidus temperature to the solidus temperature of 30 ° C./min or more ( Preferably).
- homogenization heat treatment Next, the cast aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to a homogenization heat treatment prior to hot rolling.
- the purpose of this homogenization heat treatment (soaking) is to homogenize the structure, that is, eliminate segregation in crystal grains in the ingot structure.
- the conditions are not particularly limited as long as the object is achieved, and normal one-stage or one-stage processing may be performed.
- the homogenization heat treatment temperature is appropriately selected from the range of 500 ° C. or more and less than the melting point, and the homogenization time is 4 hours or more.
- this homogenization temperature is low, segregation within the crystal grains cannot be sufficiently eliminated, and this acts as a starting point of fracture, so that stretch flangeability and bending workability are deteriorated.
- the respective exothermic peak heights A, B in the DSC that are effective for the BH property defined in the present invention, C control and regulations can be satisfied.
- this homogenization heat treatment After performing this homogenization heat treatment, it is cooled to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 20-100 ° C./hr between 300 ° C. and 500 ° C., and then 350 ° C.-450 ° C. at an average heating rate of 20-100 ° C./hr. It is also possible to perform a two-stage homogenization heat treatment in which re-heating is performed and hot rolling is started in this temperature range.
- Hot rolling is composed of a rough rolling process of an ingot (slab) and a finish rolling process according to the thickness of the sheet to be rolled.
- a reverse or tandem rolling mill is appropriately used.
- the hot rolling (rough rolling) start temperature is set in the range of 350 ° C. to the solidus temperature, more preferably 400 ° C. to the solidus temperature.
- Hot rolled sheet annealing (Hot rolled sheet annealing) Annealing (roughening) of the hot-rolled sheet before cold rolling is not always necessary, but it can be performed to further improve properties such as formability by refining crystal grains and optimizing the texture. good.
- Cold rolling In cold rolling, the hot-rolled sheet is rolled to produce a cold-rolled sheet (including a coil) having a desired final thickness.
- the cold rolling rate is desirably 60% or more, and intermediate annealing may be performed between the cold rolling passes for the same purpose as the roughening. .
- the solution treatment and quenching treatment may be heating and cooling using a normal continuous heat treatment line, and is not particularly limited. However, since it is desirable to obtain a sufficient solid solution amount of each element and, as described above, it is desirable that the crystal grains are finer, a solution treatment temperature of 520 ° C. or higher is applied at a heating rate of 5 ° C./second or higher. It is desirable to carry out the heating and maintaining for 0 to 10 seconds.
- the cooling rate during quenching is 50 ° C./second or more.
- Si, Mg 2 Si and the like are likely to precipitate on the grain boundaries, which tends to be the starting point of cracks during press molding and bending, and these formability is reduced.
- the quenching treatment is performed by selecting water cooling means and conditions such as air cooling such as a fan, mist, spray, and immersion, respectively.
- This reheating treatment is held at a two-stage temperature, and the heating rate, holding temperature, holding time, and cooling rate are controlled. That is, in the first stage, reheating is performed in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. at an average heating rate (temperature increase rate) of 10 ° C./second (S) or more, and is held at the ultimate reheating temperature for 5 seconds to 30 minutes. In the second stage, after cooling from this reheating temperature range to a temperature range of 70 to 130 ° C. at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./second (S) or more, the temperature is maintained at 70 to 130 ° C. for 10 minutes to 2 hours. . And it cools to room temperature with an average cooling rate of 1 degree-C / sec (S) or more from this 2nd stage reheating temperature range.
- the average heating rate (temperature increase rate) is less than 10 ° C / second (S), room temperature holding (room temperature aging) ) Formed first, and can satisfy the control and regulation of each exothermic peak height A, B, C in the DSC that works on the BH property defined in the present invention.
- the BH property cannot be obtained in a short time after the room temperature aging.
- the average heating rate (temperature increase rate) is preferably high, and is preferably 15 ° C./second (S) or higher, preferably 20 ° C./second (S) or higher, by high-speed heating means such as high-frequency heating.
- the first-stage reheating treatment is performed at a temperature of 100 to 250 ° C. Even when the reheating temperature is less than 100 ° C., the specifications of the respective exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC that are effective for the BH property defined in the present invention cannot be obtained. BH property cannot be obtained.
- the heating temperature exceeds 250 ° C., it is formed exceeding the predetermined cluster density defined in the present invention, or an intermetallic compound phase such as ⁇ ′ different from the cluster is formed. And decrease the bending workability.
- each exothermic peak in the DSC is effective for the BH property defined in the present invention, in addition to the reheating temperature, the average heating rate (temperature increase rate) and the retention time of the ultimate reheating temperature. This greatly affects the control of heights A, B, and C.
- the average heating rate is less than 10 ° C./second (S) or too slow, or when the holding time is too short as less than 5 seconds
- the respective exothermic peak heights A and B in the DSC that are effective for the BH property defined in the present invention are described.
- C cannot be defined, and BH properties cannot be obtained in a short time after low temperature after aging at room temperature. Further, if it is held for an excessively long time, it is formed exceeding the predetermined cluster density defined in the present invention, or an intermetallic compound phase such as ⁇ ′ different from the cluster is formed. May be reduced.
- the temperature is set to 70 to 130 ° C. by directly cooling from the temperature range of the first-stage reheating process.
- This second stage of reheating is necessary to grow Mg / Si clusters (GPII), whose formation was promoted by the contribution of frozen vacancies, by raising the temperature to the high temperature range in the first stage. Process.
- the reheating temperature in the second stage is less than 70 ° C.
- the specifications of the exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC that are effective for the BH property defined in the present invention cannot be obtained, and the low temperature after the room temperature aging BH property cannot be obtained in a short time.
- the heating temperature exceeds 130 ° C., it is formed exceeding the predetermined cluster density defined in the present invention, or an intermetallic compound phase such as ⁇ ′ different from the cluster is easily formed, and formability and Reduces bending workability.
- the average cooling rate from the first-stage reheating temperature region and the retention time of the ultimate reheating temperature are also effective for the BH property defined in the present invention. This greatly affects the control of each exothermic peak height A, B, C in the DSC. If the second stage holding time is too short, the specifications of the respective exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC that are effective for the BH property defined in the present invention cannot be obtained, and the low temperature short time after the room temperature aging is short. BH property in time cannot be obtained.
- the predetermined cluster density defined in the present invention is exceeded. Or may form an intermetallic compound phase such as ⁇ ′ that is different from the cluster, thereby reducing the formability and bending workability.
- each heat generation in the DSC that works on the BH property defined in the present invention in advance before aging at room temperature due to reheat treatment conditions in this tempering, in particular, cooling after this reheat treatment.
- the peak heights A, B, and C are satisfied.
- the average cooling rate is 1 ° C./hr or more.
- the BH specified in the present invention is used.
- the control and regulation of the respective exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC that are effective on the property cannot be satisfied.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy plates having different exothermic peak heights A, B, and C in the DSC as defined in the present invention are separately made under reheat treatment conditions after solution treatment and quenching treatment, and after tempering
- the BH property (coating bake hardenability) in low temperature and short time was evaluated.
- hemmability as press formability and bending workability was also evaluated.
- the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate having the composition shown in Table 1 is reheated after the solution treatment and quenching treatment as shown in Table 2, the heating temperature (° C.), and in Table 2, the ultimate temperature is described. ), Holding time (hr), and in particular, cooling conditions after the heating and holding were variously changed.
- the display of content of each element in Table 1 the display which has made the numerical value in each element blank shows that the content is below a detection limit.
- the concrete production conditions of the aluminum alloy plate are as follows. Ingots having respective compositions shown in Table 1 were commonly melted by DC casting. At this time, in common with each example, the average cooling rate during casting was set to 50 ° C./min from the liquidus temperature to the solidus temperature. Subsequently, the ingot was subjected to soaking treatment at 540 ° C. for 6 hours in common with each example, and hot rough rolling was started at a hot rolling (rough rolling) starting temperature of 500 ° C. And in each example, it hot-rolled to thickness 3.5mm by the subsequent finish rolling, and was set as the hot rolled sheet (coil).
- the aluminum alloy sheet after hot rolling is commonly used in each example, and after subjecting to 500 ° C. ⁇ 1 minute of rough annealing, cold rolling is performed at a processing rate of 70% without intermediate annealing in the middle of the cold rolling pass, In each example, a cold-rolled plate (coil) having a thickness of 1.0 mm was used.
- each cold-rolled sheet was tempered (T4) with a continuous heat treatment facility in common with each example. Specifically, the average heating rate up to 500 ° C. is set to 10 ° C./second, the solution is heated to the solution treatment temperature shown in Table 2, and immediately cooled to room temperature at the average cooling rate shown in Table 2. And quenching were performed. Thereafter, reheating treatment was performed online in the same continuous heat treatment equipment under the conditions shown in Table 2 in each example.
- test plate (blank) was arbitrarily cut out from each final product plate after being left at room temperature for 2 months after these tempering treatments, and the structure and properties of each test plate were measured and evaluated. These results are shown in Table 3.
- Differential thermal analysis only the sampling by differential thermal analysis was performed from 10 locations including the front end, the center, and the rear end in the longitudinal direction of the aluminum alloy plate after the tempering treatment. Then, under the test conditions described above, the highest exothermic peak heights among the exothermic peaks in the respective temperature ranges were averaged at the ten measurement points, and the exothermic peak heights A, B, and C were obtained. .
- JISZ2201 No. 5 test pieces (25 mm ⁇ 50 mmGL ⁇ plate thickness) were sampled from the respective test plates and subjected to a tensile test at room temperature.
- the tensile direction of the test piece at this time was the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the tensile speed was 5 mm / min up to 0.2% proof stress and 20 mm / min after proof stress.
- the N number for the measurement of mechanical properties was 5, and each was calculated as an average value.
- the test piece for measuring the yield strength after the BH was subjected to the BH treatment after giving a pre-strain of 2% simulating press forming of the plate to the test piece by the tensile tester.
- Hem workability Hem workability was measured only for each test plate after standing at room temperature for 2 months after the tempering treatment.
- a strip-shaped test piece with a width of 30 mm was used, and after bending 90 ° with an internal bend R of 1.0 mm by a down flange, a 1.0 mm thick inner was sandwiched, and the bent portion was further bent inwardly to about 130 degrees.
- Pre-hem processing was performed, and flat hem processing was performed in which the end was closely attached to the inner by bending 180 degrees.
- the surface state of the flat hem bent portion (edge curved portion) such as rough skin, minute cracks, and large cracks was visually observed and visually evaluated according to the following criteria. 0: No cracking, rough skin, 1: Mild rough skin, 2; Deep rough skin, 3: Small surface crack, 4; Continuous surface crack, 5: Break
- each of the inventive examples is manufactured and tempered within the composition range of the present invention and in a preferable condition range. That is, in the present invention, the cold-rolled sheet is reheated within one hour after solution cooling and quenching and cooling to room temperature. Then, as a control of the heat pattern of this reheating process, the first stage reheating process is performed by reheating in the temperature range of 100 to 250 ° C. at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./second (S) or more. Hold at heating temperature for 5 seconds to 30 minutes. Then, after cooling to the second stage reheating temperature range at an average cooling rate of 1 ° C./second (S) or more, the temperature is maintained at 70 to 130 ° C. for 10 minutes to 2 hours. Further, the average cooling rate from the second stage reheating temperature region is set to 1 ° C./hr or more.
- each invention example satisfies the control and regulation of each exothermic peak height A, B, C in the DSC that is effective for the BH property defined in the present invention. Even after long-term aging at room temperature after treatment and coating baking and curing at low temperature and short time, the BH property is excellent. Moreover, each invention example is excellent in elongation and hem workability even after long-term aging after room temperature treatment.
- Comparative Examples 34 to 40 in Tables 2 and 3 are manufactured within a preferable range including reheating treatment conditions, the contents of the essential elements Mg or Si are out of the scope of the present invention, respectively, or Too much impurity element. For this reason, as shown in Table 3, these comparative examples 34 to 40 are out of any of the cluster conditions defined in the present invention, and are inferior in BH property and hemming property as compared with each invention example. Yes.
- the comparative example 34 is the alloy 16 of Table 1, and there is too much Si.
- the comparative example 35 is the alloy 17 of Table 1, and there is too much Zr.
- the comparative example 36 is the alloy 18 of Table 1, and there is too much Fe.
- the comparative example 37 is the alloy 19 of Table 1, and there is too much V.
- the comparative example 38 is the alloy 20 of Table 1, and there is too much Ti.
- the comparative example 39 is the alloy 21 of Table 1, and there is too much Cu.
- the comparative example 40 is the alloy 22 of Table 1, and there is
- a 6000 series aluminum alloy plate having both BH properties and formability under low temperature and short time conditions after long-term room temperature aging over the entire wide and long plate.
- transportation equipment such as automobiles, ships or vehicles, home appliances, buildings, and structural members and parts that are collected from a whole area of the plate and molded, and especially for transportation equipment such as automobiles.
- a 6000 series aluminum alloy plate can be applied to the member.
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Abstract
Description
本発明では、圧延後に調質処理として溶体化焼入れ処理および再加熱処理された6000系(Al-Mg-Si系)アルミニウム合金板の組織を、示差走査熱分析曲線において、BH性に特に関わる、特定の温度範囲における発熱ピーク高さを3つ(3箇所)選択する。言い換えると、BH性に特に関わる、特定の温度範囲における発熱ピーク高さ3つを各々制御して、BH性(焼き付け塗装硬化特性)を高める。
前記発熱ピーク高さBは、280~320℃の間の発熱ピークbの高さであり、β’(中間相)の析出ピークに対応している。このβ’のピークである前記発熱ピーク高さBが十分に高くなることは、Mg、Si原子がより多く固溶しており、また析出を促進させる、溶体化焼き入れ時に凍結された過飽和原子空孔量が多いことを意味している。このうち、特に、過飽和固溶Mg、Si、凍結空孔量が多いことは、β”相の析出に有利な方向である。
発熱ピーク高さAは、230~270℃の間の発熱ピークaの高さであり、人工時効時の時効硬化に寄与するβ”相の析出ピークに対応している。従来のDSC制御では、低温短時間でのBH性を向上させるために、β”相の核生成サイトとなるMg/Siクラスタを確保しようと、この発熱ピーク高さAを高める。しかし、本発明では、この発熱ピーク高さAを逆に規制して小さくする。事実、6000系アルミニウム合金圧延板を、溶体化焼入れ処理および再加熱処理し、この再加熱処理の際のヒートパターンとして、加熱速度と保持温度、保持時間、及び冷却速度とを制御することによって、この発熱ピーク高さAが低くなる。本発明では、β”の核となるMg/SiクラスタやG.P.ゾーンを溶体化処理後に既に形成させていることに加えて、その後のパネルに成形後の焼き付け塗装処理時に速やかにβ”が成長させるために、さらに他の発熱ピーク高さとの関係を精緻に制御することで、前記低温短時間条件でのBH性を向上させている。
発熱ピーク高さCは、330~370℃の間の発熱ピークcの高さであり、安定なβ相(Mg2Si)の析出ピークに対応している。本発明では、この析出ピークが小さい方が前記低温短時間条件でのBH性に優れることを実験的に見出した。このため、発熱ピーク高さCを、前記発熱ピーク高さBとの相対関係で、前記発熱ピーク高さBに対する前記発熱ピーク高さCの比であるC/Bを、C/B≦0.6として、前記発熱ピーク高さAとともに、この発熱ピーク高さCを規制し、できるだけ小さく制御する。このC/B≦0.6とすると、前記発熱ピーク高さBが20μW/mg以上、前記A/B≦0.45の各条件との相乗効果で、前記低温短時間条件でのBH性が向上する。
次に、6000系アルミニウム合金板の化学成分組成について、以下に説明する。本発明が対象とする6000系アルミニウム合金板は、前記した自動車の外板用の板などとして、優れた成形性やBH性、強度、溶接性、耐食性などの諸特性が要求される。
SiはMgとともに、本発明で規定するBH性に効く前記DSCにおける各発熱ピーク高さA、B、Cの制御や規定を満足する上で重要な元素である。また、固溶強化と、塗装焼き付け処理などの前記低温での人工時効処理時に、強度向上に寄与する時効析出物を形成して、時効硬化能を発揮し、自動車のアウタパネルとして必要な強度(耐力)を得るための必須の元素である。更に、本発明6000系アルミニウム合金板にあって、プレス成形性に影響する全伸びなどの諸特性を兼備させるための最重要元素である。
Mgも、Siとともに本発明で規定するBH性に効く前記DSCにおける各発熱ピーク高さA、B、Cの制御や規定を満足する上で重要な元素である。また、固溶強化と、塗装焼き付け処理などの前記人工時効処理時に、Siとともに強度向上に寄与する時効析出物を形成して、時効硬化能を発揮し、パネルとしての必要耐力を得るための必須の元素である。
次に、本発明アルミニウム合金板の製造方法について以下に説明する。本発明アルミニウム合金板は、製造工程自体は常法あるいは公知の方法であり、上記6000系成分組成のアルミニウム合金鋳塊を鋳造後に均質化熱処理し、熱間圧延、冷間圧延が施されて所定の板厚とされ、更に溶体化焼入れなどの調質処理が施されて製造される。
先ず、溶解、鋳造工程では、上記6000系成分組成範囲内に溶解調整されたアルミニウム合金溶湯を、連続鋳造法、半連続鋳造法(DC鋳造法)等の通常の溶解鋳造法を適宜選択して鋳造する。ここで、本発明の規定範囲内にMg-Si系クラスタを制御するために、鋳造時の平均冷却速度について、液相線温度から固相線温度までを30℃/分以上と、できるだけ大きく(速く)することが好ましい。
次いで、前記鋳造されたアルミニウム合金鋳塊に、熱間圧延に先立って、均質化熱処理を施す。この均質化熱処理(均熱処理)は、組織の均質化、すなわち、鋳塊組織中の結晶粒内の偏析をなくすことを目的とする。この目的を達成する条件であれば、特に限定されるものではなく、通常の1回または1段の処理でも良い。
熱間圧延は、圧延する板厚に応じて、鋳塊(スラブ)の粗圧延工程と、仕上げ圧延工程とから構成される。これら粗圧延工程や仕上げ圧延工程では、リバース式あるいはタンデム式などの圧延機が適宜用いられる。
この熱延板の冷間圧延前の焼鈍 (荒鈍) は必ずしも必要ではないが、結晶粒の微細化や集合組織の適正化によって、成形性などの特性を更に向上させる為に実施しても良い。
冷間圧延では、上記熱延板を圧延して、所望の最終板厚の冷延板 (コイルも含む) に製作する。但し、結晶粒をより微細化させるためには、冷間圧延率は60%以上であることが望ましく、また前記荒鈍と同様の目的で、冷間圧延パス間で中間焼鈍を行っても良い。
冷間圧延後、溶体化焼入れ処理を行う。溶体化処理焼入れ処理については、通常の連続熱処理ラインによる加熱、冷却でよく、特に限定はされない。ただ、各元素の十分な固溶量を得ること、および前記した通り、結晶粒はより微細であることが望ましいことから、520℃以上の溶体化処理温度に、加熱速度5℃/秒以上で加熱して、0~10秒保持する条件で行うことが望ましい。
この室温まで焼入れ冷却した後、1時間以内に冷延板を再加熱処理する。この再加熱処理は2段階の温度に保持し、加熱速度と保持温度、保持時間、及び冷却速度とを制御する。すなわち、第1段目は100~250℃の温度域に、平均加熱速度(昇温速度)10℃/秒(S)以上で再加熱し、到達再加熱温度で5秒~30分保持する。第2段目は、この再加熱温度域から冷却速度1℃/秒(S)以上で70~130℃の温度域に冷却した後、70~130℃の温度域で10分~2時間保持する。そして、この第2段目の再加熱温度域から、平均冷却速度1℃/秒(S)以上で室温まで冷却する。
第1段目の再加熱処理は100~250℃の温度とする。前記再加熱温度が100℃未満でも、前記本発明で規定するBH性に効く前記DSCにおける各発熱ピーク高さA、B、Cの規定が得られず、前記室温時効後の低温短時間でのBH性が得られない。また、加熱温度が250℃を超える条件では、本発明で規定する所定のクラスタ密度を超過して形成されるか、又はクラスタとは異なるβ’などの金属間化合物相が形成され、却って成形性や曲げ加工性を低下させる。
第2段目の再加熱処理は、第1段目の再加熱処理の温度域から直接冷却し、70~130℃の温度域とする。この第2段目の再加熱は、第1段目に高温域にあげることによって、凍結空孔の寄与で形成が促進された、Mg/Siクラスタ(GPII)をさらに安定に成長させるために必要なプロセスである。第2段目の再加熱温度が70℃未満でも、前記本発明で規定するBH性に効く前記DSCにおける各発熱ピーク高さA、B、Cの規定が得られず、前記室温時効後の低温短時間でのBH性が得られない。また、加熱温度が130℃を超える条件では、本発明で規定する所定のクラスタ密度を超過して形成され、又はクラスタとは異なるβ’などの金属間化合物相が形成されやすくなり、成形性や曲げ加工性を低下させる。
6000系アルミニウム合金圧延板がこれら一連の調質された後の、BH処理までの室温経時時間が長いほど、BH処理時の析出物の析出を阻害し、BH性を低くする。その一方で、前記室温経時時間が短い6000系アルミニウム合金板ほど、BH処理時の析出物の析出を促進して、BH性を高くする。ただ、このような調質後のBH処理までの室温経時時間は、自動車の製造ラインの都合で変わり、制御はできにくい。
但し、示差熱分析での試料採取だけは、前記調質処理後のアルミニウム合金板の長手方向に亙る先端部、中央部、後端部とを各々必須で含む10箇所から行った。そして、前記した試験条件にて、前記各温度範囲の発熱ピークのうちの最も高い発熱ピーク高さを、前記測定10箇所で平均化したものを前記各発熱ピーク高さA、B、Cとした。
前記調質処理後1ヶ月室温放置した後の各供試板の機械的特性として、0.2%耐力(As耐力)と全伸び(As全伸び)を引張試験により求めた。また、これらの各供試板を各々共通して、2%のひずみ付与後に170℃×20分の低温、短時間の人工時効硬化処理した後(BH後)の、供試板の0.2%耐力(BH後耐力)を引張試験により求めた。そして、これら0.2%耐力同士の差(耐力の増加量)から各供試板のBH性を評価した。
ヘム加工性は、前記調質処理後2ヶ月室温放置後の各供試板についてのみ行った。試験は、30mm幅の短冊状試験片を用い、ダウンフランジによる内曲げR1.0mmの90°曲げ加工後、1.0mm厚のインナを挟み、折り曲げ部を更に内側に、順に約130度に折り曲げるプリヘム加工、180度折り曲げて端部をインナに密着させるフラットヘム加工を行った。
0;割れ、肌荒れ無し、1;軽度の肌荒れ、2;深い肌荒れ、3;微小表面割れ、4;線状に連続した表面割れ、5;破断
比較例34は表1の合金16であり、Siが多すぎる。
比較例35は表1の合金17であり、Zrが多すぎる。
比較例36は表1の合金18であり、Feが多すぎる。
比較例37は表1の合金19であり、Vが多すぎる。
比較例38は表1の合金20であり、Tiが多すぎる。
比較例39は表1の合金21であり、Cuが多すぎる。
比較例40は表1の合金22であり、Znが多すぎる。
本出願は、2012年2月16日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-031811)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、Mg:0.2~2.0%、Si:0.3~2.0%を含み、残部がAlおよび不可避的不純物からなり、圧延後に調質処理として溶体化焼入れ処理および再加熱処理されたAl-Mg-Si系アルミニウム合金板であって、示差走査熱分析曲線において、230~270℃の温度範囲における発熱ピーク高さをA、280~320℃の温度範囲における発熱ピーク高さをB、330~370℃の温度範囲における発熱ピーク高さをCとした際に、前記発熱ピーク高さBが20μW/mg以上であるとともに、前記発熱ピーク高さBに対する前記発熱ピーク高さA、Cの各比である、A/Bを0.45以下、C/Bを0.6以下と各々して、前記発熱ピーク高さAとCとを共に規制し、2%のひずみ付与後に170℃×20分の人工時効硬化処理を施した際の圧延方向に平行な方向の0.2%耐力の増加量が100MPa以上であることを特徴とするアルミニウム合金板。
- 前記アルミニウム合金板が、更に、Mn:1.0%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Cu:1.0%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Fe:1.0%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Cr:0.3%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Zr:0.3%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、V:0.3%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Ti:0.05%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Zn:1.0%以下(但し、0%を含まず)、Ag:0.2%以下(但し、0%を含まず)の1種または2種以上を含む請求項1に記載のアルミニウム合金板。
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Also Published As
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US9453273B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
US20150007909A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 |
KR20140114031A (ko) | 2014-09-25 |
JP2013167004A (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
JP6227222B2 (ja) | 2017-11-08 |
CN104114726A (zh) | 2014-10-22 |
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