WO2013118723A1 - 硫化物固体電解質材料、電池および硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
硫化物固体電解質材料、電池および硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity and low reduction potential.
- lithium batteries currently on the market use an electrolyte containing a flammable organic solvent, it is possible to install safety devices that suppress the temperature rise during short circuits and to improve the structure and materials to prevent short circuits. Necessary.
- a lithium battery in which the electrolyte is changed to a solid electrolyte layer to make the battery completely solid does not use a flammable organic solvent in the battery, so the safety device can be simplified, and manufacturing costs and productivity can be reduced. It is considered excellent.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a Li ion conductor (sulfide solid electrolyte material) having a composition of Li (4-x) Ge (1-x) P x S 4 .
- Patent Document 1 discloses a LiGePS-based sulfide solid electrolyte material having a high proportion of crystal phase having a specific peak in X-ray diffraction measurement.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a LiGePS-based sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a high proportion of crystal phase having a specific peak in X-ray diffraction measurement has good ionic conductivity.
- the LiGePS-based sulfide solid electrolyte material described in Patent Document 1 has a reduction potential of about 0.25 V (vs Li / Li + ), for example, a negative electrode active material having an operating potential lower than 0.25 V
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material undergoes reductive decomposition and deteriorates.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its main object to provide a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity and low reduction potential.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is characterized in that the value of I B / I A is less than 0.50, and the M 2 contains at least P and Si.
- the M 2 preferably contains an element other than P and Si.
- Si mole fraction of for the M 2 excluding P is 30% or more.
- the mole fraction of the M 1 is 3.35 or more.
- the octahedron O composed of the M 1 element and the S element
- the tetrahedron T 1 composed of the M 2a element and the S element
- the tetrahedron composed of the M 2b element and the S element contains mainly a crystalline structure that share vertices
- the M 1 is , At least Li
- each of the M 2a and the M 2b is independently selected from the group consisting of P, Sb, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Zr, V, and Nb. It is at least one that, at least one of the M 2a and the M 2b comprises P, at least one of the M 2a and the M 2b provide a sulfide solid electrolyte material characterized by containing Si.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity can be obtained.
- Si is contained, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low reduction potential can be obtained.
- At least one of the M 2a and the M 2b contains an element other than P and Si.
- Si mole fraction of for the M 2a and the M 2b excluding P is 30% or more.
- the a-axis length of the lattice constant is preferably 8.69 mm or less.
- the mole fraction of the M 1 is 3.35 or more.
- at least one of the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- a high output battery can be obtained by using the above-described sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material having the above-described peak intensity ratio wherein the raw material composition containing the M 1 element, the M 2 element, and the S element is used to mechanically
- a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material is provided.
- a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material having the crystal structure described above wherein a raw material composition containing the M 1 element, the M 2a element, the M 2b element, and the S element is provided. And using an ion conductive material synthesis step of synthesizing an amorphous ion conductive material by mechanical milling, and heating the amorphous ion conductive material to form the sulfide solid electrolyte material. And a heating step for obtaining a sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the octahedron O, the tetrahedron T 1 and the tetrahedron T 2 have a predetermined crystal structure (three-dimensional) by performing amorphization in an ion conductive material synthesis step and then performing a heating step.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a structure can be obtained. Therefore, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity can be obtained. Furthermore, since Si is contained, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low reduction potential can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Examples 5 to 7.
- 3 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum of a sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is a charging curve of an evaluation battery using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Examples 1 to 4.
- FIG. 6 is a charge curve of an evaluation battery using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Examples 5 to 7.
- FIG. It is a charge curve of the battery for evaluation using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in comparative examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between potential and dV / dQ in an evaluation battery using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Examples 1 to 4.
- 6 is a graph showing the relationship between potential and dV / dQ in an evaluation battery using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Examples 5 to 7. It is a graph which shows the electric potential and the relationship of dV / dQ in the battery for evaluation using the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. This is the reduction potential of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 3 is a measurement result of Li ion conductivity of sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the lattice constant of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1 to 3, 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and the reduction potential. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the Li amount of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1 and 5 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and the reduction potential. It is a crystal arrangement
- 3 is a measurement result of Li ion conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 4.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention will be described.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention can be roughly divided into two embodiments. Therefore, the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention will be described separately for the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment contains an M 1 element, an M 2 element, and an S element.
- the M 1 includes at least Li
- I B the value of I B / I A is less than 0.50
- M 2 includes at least P and Si.
- Si is in the vicinity of 0.35 V (Li / Li + ), for example, lower than Ge (near 0.4 V) and Sn (near 0.6 V), and alloyed with Li. As a result, the reduction potential is estimated to be low.
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum for explaining a difference between a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high ion conductivity and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having low ion conductivity.
- the two sulfide solid electrolyte materials in FIG. 1 both have a composition of Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 .
- FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction spectrum for explaining a difference between a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high ion conductivity and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having low ion conductivity.
- the two sulfide solid electrolyte materials in FIG. 1 both have a composition of Li
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material with low ion conductivity also has the same peak.
- the crystal structure of the crystal phase A is considered to be the crystal structure described in the second embodiment to be described later.
- Crystal phases A and B are both crystalline phases exhibiting ionic conductivity, but there are differences in ionic conductivity.
- the crystal phase A is considered to have significantly higher ionic conductivity than the crystal phase B.
- the proportion of the crystal phase B having low ion conductivity cannot be reduced, and the ion conductivity cannot be sufficiently increased.
- the crystal phase A having high ion conductivity can be positively precipitated, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment contains M 1 element, M 2 element and S element.
- the M 1 is not particularly limited as long as it contains at least Li, and may be Li alone or a combination of Li and another element.
- the other element is preferably, for example, a monovalent or divalent element, and specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Zn is preferable.
- the M 1 is a monovalent element (for example, Li, Na, K), and a part thereof may be substituted with a divalent or higher element (for example, Mg, Ca, Zn). Thereby, a monovalent element becomes easy to move and ion conductivity improves.
- M 2 is preferably a trivalent, tetravalent or pentavalent element, and more preferably contains at least a tetravalent element.
- the M 2 is usually at least one selected from the group consisting of P, Sb, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Zr, V, and Nb.
- the first embodiment is characterized in that the M 2 contains at least P and Si.
- the M 2 may be (i) only P and Si, or (ii) may further contain other elements other than P and Si.
- the other element M 2x is usually at least one selected from the group consisting of Sb, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Zr, V, and Nb. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Sn, Al, Ga and B. In the case of the above (ii), it can be considered that the M 2X element is partly replaced with the Si element.
- the molar fraction of Si with respect to M 2 excluding P is usually greater than zero.
- M 2 excluding P specifically refers to the following. That is, when M 2 is only P and Si as in (i) above, “M 2 excluding P” refers to Si, and M 2 is added to P and Si as in (ii) above. if it contains M 2x Te, it refers to Si and M 2x and "M 2 excluding P".
- the mole fraction of Si is, for example, 10 mol% or more, and preferably 30 mol% or more. Note that the case where the mole fraction of Si is 100% corresponds to the case of (i) above. On the other hand, in the case of the above (ii), the molar fraction of Si is preferably 99% or less, for example.
- the case (ii) is advantageous in terms of Li ion conductivity, for example, compared to the case (i).
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment contains an O element. This is because the ion conductivity is further improved.
- the ratio of the O element contained in the sulfide solid electrolyte material is the same as that of the same sulfide solid electrolyte material (sulfide solid electrolyte material not containing O element) except that the O element is not contained and the valence is adjusted with S. It is preferable that the ratio is such that ion conductivity higher than ion conductivity is obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material not containing O element is, for example, a sulfide solid electrolyte material containing O element is Li 3.35 (Ge 1- ⁇ Si ⁇ ) 0.35 P 0.65 (S 1- 1 If it is y O y) 4, Li 3.35 (Ge 1- ⁇ Si ⁇ ) 0.35 P 0.65 S 4 corresponds.
- the ratio of the O element to the total of the S element and the O element is, for example, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, and further preferably 1% or more. .
- the ratio of the O element is preferably 25% or less, for example. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having higher ionic conductivity can be obtained.
- the proportion of the O element can be determined by XPS or EDX, for example.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment usually has a predetermined crystal structure described in the second embodiment described later. It is presumed that the M 1 element and the M 2 element can take the same crystal structure as that of the above-described sulfide solid electrolyte material in any combination thereof.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity can be obtained in any combination of M 1 element and M 2 element.
- the position of the peak of X-ray diffraction depends on the crystal structure, it is similar if the sulfide solid electrolyte material has the above crystal structure, regardless of the types of the M 1 element and M 2 element. It is considered that an XRD pattern is obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of a 1st embodiment contains Li element, Ge element, Si element, P element, and S element.
- the composition of the sulfide solid electrolyte material LiGeSiPS system is not particularly limited as long as the composition can be obtained the value of a given I B / I A, Li ( 4-x) (Ge 1 - ⁇ Si ⁇ ) (1-x) P x (S 1-y O y ) 4 (x satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, y satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.25, and ⁇ is 0 ⁇ Satisfying ⁇ ⁇ 1).
- the composition of Li (4-x) Ge (1-x) P x S 4 having no Si element and O element corresponds to the composition of the solid solution of Li 3 PS 4 and Li 4 GeS 4 . That is, this composition corresponds to the composition on the tie line of Li 3 PS 4 and Li 4 GeS 4 .
- Li 3 PS 4 and Li 4 GeS 4 both correspond to the ortho composition and have the advantage of high chemical stability.
- x in Li (4-x) (Ge 1- ⁇ Si ⁇ ) (1-x) P x (S 1-y O y) 4 it is possible to obtain a value of a predetermined I B / I A
- fill 0.4 ⁇ x, it is more preferable to satisfy
- fill 0.5 ⁇ x, and it is still more preferable to satisfy
- fill 0.6 ⁇ x.
- the x preferably satisfies x ⁇ 0.8, and more preferably satisfies x ⁇ 0.75. This is because the value of I B / I A can be further reduced by setting the range of such x.
- sulfide solid electrolyte material with further favorable ion conductivity.
- a tetravalent M 2x element other than the Si element may be used instead of the Ge element.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is usually the same sulfide solid electrolyte material (sulfide solid electrolyte material not containing Si element) except that it does not contain Si element and the valence is adjusted with M 2x element.
- the reduction potential is lower than
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material not containing Si element is, for example, a sulfide solid electrolyte material containing Si element is Li 3.35 (Ge 1- ⁇ Si ⁇ ) 0.35 P 0.65 S 4 . In this case, Li 3.35 Ge 0.35 P 0.65 S 4 is applicable.
- the reduction potential of the sulfide solid electrolyte material containing the Si element is 0.01 V (vs Li / V) than the reduction potential of the sulfide solid electrolyte material containing no Si element. Li + ) or more is preferable, and 0.02 V (vs Li / Li + ) or more is more preferable.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is preferably, for example, 0.3 V (vs Li / Li + ) or less, and more preferably 0.25 V (vs Li / Li + ) or less.
- the a-axis length of the lattice constant of the crystal phase A is preferably 8.69 mm or less, more preferably 8.68 mm or less, and still more preferably 8.67 mm or less. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a lower reduction potential can be obtained. The reason why the reduction potential is lower is considered to be that the metal-sulfur distance is shortened and the bond is not easily broken because the lattice constant is decreased.
- the a-axis length of the lattice constant is usually 8.0 mm or more.
- the lattice constant can be obtained, for example, by performing Rietveld analysis based on XRD pattern data.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment has an M 1 element, an M 2 element, and an S element.
- M 1 the total molar fraction of M 2
- the mole fraction of M 1 and M 1 amount the mole fraction of M 1 and M 1 amount.
- the reductive decomposition of the sulfide solid electrolyte material occurs when the sulfide solid electrolyte material receives both Li and electrons. Therefore, it is considered that by increasing the amount of M 1 and decreasing the number of interstitial positions (vacant sites), M 1 is less likely to enter the crystal, and the sulfide solid electrolyte material is less likely to be reduced and decomposed.
- the value of the amount of M 1 is, for example, 4.5 or less, and preferably, for example, 4.0 or less. This is because if the amount of M 1 is too large, the crystal phase A may not be precipitated.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is usually a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment preferably has high ionic conductivity, and the ionic conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte material at 25 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S / cm or more. It is preferable.
- the shape of the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include powder. Further, the average particle diameter of the powdered sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment has high ionic conductivity, it can be used for any application that requires ionic conductivity. Especially, it is preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte material of a 1st embodiment is what is used for a battery. This is because it can greatly contribute to the high output of the battery.
- the method for producing the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment will be described in detail in “C. Method for producing sulfide solid electrolyte material” described later. Further, the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment may have the characteristics of the second embodiment described later.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the second embodiment is composed of octahedron O composed of M 1 element and S element, tetrahedron T 1 composed of M 2a element and S element, M 2b element and S element.
- M 1 includes at least Li
- M 2a and M 2b are each independently P, Sb, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Zr, V, and Nb.
- at least one of M 2a and M 2b contains P
- at least one of M 2a and M 2b contains Si.
- the octahedron O, the tetrahedron T 1 and the tetrahedron T 2 have a predetermined crystal structure (three-dimensional structure), a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity is obtained. Can do. Furthermore, since Si is contained, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low reduction potential can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view for explaining an example of the crystal structure of the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the second embodiment.
- the octahedron O has M 1 as a central element, has six S at the apex of the octahedron, and is typically a LiS 6 octahedron.
- the tetrahedron T 1 has M 2a as a central element, has four S at the apex of the tetrahedron, and is typically a GeS 4 tetrahedron, a SiS 4 tetrahedron, and a PS 4 tetrahedron. .
- Tetrahedron T 2 are, has M 2b as the central element, has four S to the apex of the tetrahedron, typically PS 4 tetrahedron. Furthermore, the tetrahedron T 1 and the octahedron O share a ridge, and the tetrahedron T 2 and the octahedron O share a vertex.
- At least one of the M 2a and the M 2b usually contains P. That is, the M 2a or the M 2b may contain P, and both the M 2a and the M 2b may contain P. Further, at least one of the M 2a and the M 2b usually contains Si. That is, the M 2a or the M 2b may contain Si, and both the M 2a and the M 2b may contain Si. Further, at least one of the M 2a and the M 2b may include M 2x . That is, the M 2a or the M 2b may include M 2x , and both the M 2a and the M 2b may include M 2x .
- the molar fraction of Si relative to M 2a and M 2b excluding P is usually greater than zero. “M 2a and M 2b excluding P” is basically the same as the contents described in the first embodiment. Moreover, since the preferable range of the mole fraction of Si is the same as the content described in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the second embodiment is characterized mainly by containing the above crystal structure as a main component.
- the ratio of the crystal structure in the entire crystal structure of the sulfide solid electrolyte material is not particularly limited, but is preferably higher. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the ratio of the crystal structure is preferably 70 wt% or more, and more preferably 90 wt% or more.
- the ratio of the said crystal structure can be measured by synchrotron radiation XRD, for example.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material of the second embodiment is preferably a single-phase material having the above crystal structure. This is because the ion conductivity can be made extremely high.
- At least one of the above-described octahedron O, tetrahedron T 1 and tetrahedron T 2 may be one in which a part of the S element is replaced by the O element.
- the fact that part of the S element is replaced with the O element can be confirmed by, for example, analysis of an XRD pattern by the Rietveld method, neutron diffraction, or the like.
- M 1 element, M 2 element (M 2a element, M 2b element) and other matters in the second embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted here.
- the battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer, In which at least one of the positive electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer, and the electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- a high output battery can be obtained by using the above-described sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the battery of the present invention.
- the battery 10 in FIG. 3 was formed between the positive electrode active material layer 1 containing the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material layer 2 containing the negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material layer 1 and the negative electrode active material layer 2.
- At least one of the positive electrode active material layer 1, the negative electrode active material layer 2, and the electrolyte layer 3 contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material described in the above-mentioned “A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material”.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode active material layer 2 or the electrolyte layer 3 is preferably in contact with the negative electrode active material.
- the above-mentioned sulfide solid electrolyte material has a low reduction potential, and has the advantage that the range of selection of usable negative electrode active materials is broader than when a sulfide solid electrolyte material not containing Si is used, and a negative electrode active material having a low operating potential This is because there is an advantage that the battery voltage increases by using.
- the battery of this invention is demonstrated for every structure.
- Negative electrode active material layer is a layer containing at least a negative electrode active material, and may contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material and a binder, if necessary. good.
- the negative electrode active material layer preferably contains a solid electrolyte material, and the solid electrolyte material is the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material has a low reduction potential, and the range of selection of usable negative electrode active materials is wider than when a sulfide solid electrolyte material containing no Si is used.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the negative electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of battery. For example, it is in the range of 0.1% by volume to 80% by volume, and in particular, 1% by volume to 60% by volume. It is preferable to be within the range, particularly within the range of 10% by volume to 50% by volume.
- the negative electrode active material include a metal active material and a carbon active material. Examples of the metal active material include In, Al, Si, and Sn.
- examples of the carbon active material include mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), highly oriented graphite (HOPG), hard carbon, and soft carbon.
- the negative electrode active material layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material, and the operating potential of the negative electrode active material (potential at which Li ion insertion reaction occurs) is less than the reduction potential of the sulfide solid electrolyte material. Is preferably high.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further contain a conductive material.
- a conductive material By adding a conductive material, the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer can be improved.
- the conductive material include acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbon fiber.
- the negative electrode active material layer may contain a binder.
- fluorine-containing binders such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- Electrolyte layer The electrolyte layer in this invention is a layer formed between a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode active material layer.
- the electrolyte layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer capable of conducting ions, but is preferably a solid electrolyte layer made of a solid electrolyte material. This is because a battery with higher safety can be obtained as compared with a battery using an electrolytic solution.
- a solid electrolyte layer contains the sulfide solid electrolyte material mentioned above.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the solid electrolyte layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 10% to 100% by volume, and more preferably in the range of 50% to 100% by volume.
- the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is, for example, preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the method of compression-molding a solid electrolyte material etc. can be mentioned, for example.
- the electrolyte layer in the present invention may be a layer composed of an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution it is necessary to further consider safety compared to the case where the solid electrolyte layer is used, but a battery with higher output can be obtained.
- at least one of the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer contains the above-described sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the electrolytic solution usually contains a lithium salt and an organic solvent (nonaqueous solvent).
- lithium salt examples include inorganic lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , and LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC An organic lithium salt such as (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 can be used.
- organic solvent examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), butylene carbonate (BC), and the like.
- the positive electrode active material layer in the present invention is a layer containing at least a positive electrode active material, and may contain at least one of a solid electrolyte material, a conductive material and a binder, if necessary. good.
- the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains a solid electrolyte material, and the solid electrolyte material is preferably the sulfide solid electrolyte material described above.
- the ratio of the sulfide solid electrolyte material contained in the positive electrode active material layer varies depending on the type of battery. For example, it is in the range of 0.1% by volume to 80% by volume, particularly 1% by volume to 60% by volume.
- the positive electrode active material includes LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , Li 2 NiMn 3 O 8 , LiVO 2 , LiCrO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O. 2 etc. can be mentioned.
- the conductive material and the binder used for the positive electrode active material layer are the same as those in the negative electrode active material layer described above.
- the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, for example.
- the battery of the present invention has at least the negative electrode active material layer, the electrolyte layer, and the positive electrode active material layer described above. Furthermore, it usually has a positive electrode current collector for collecting current of the positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode current collector for collecting current of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the material for the positive electrode current collector include SUS, aluminum, nickel, iron, titanium, and carbon.
- examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include SUS, copper, nickel, and carbon.
- the thickness and shape of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are preferably appropriately selected according to the use of the battery.
- the battery case of a general battery can be used for the battery case used for this invention. Examples of the battery case include a SUS battery case.
- Battery The battery of the present invention may be a primary battery or a secondary battery, but among them, a secondary battery is preferable. This is because it can be repeatedly charged and discharged and is useful, for example, as an in-vehicle battery.
- Examples of the shape of the battery of the present invention include a coin type, a laminate type, a cylindrical type, and a square type.
- the manufacturing method of the battery of this invention will not be specifically limited if it is a method which can obtain the battery mentioned above, The method similar to the manufacturing method of a general battery can be used.
- the battery of the present invention is an all-solid battery
- a material constituting the positive electrode active material layer, a material constituting the solid electrolyte layer, and a material constituting the negative electrode active material layer are sequentially provided.
- Examples of the method include producing a power generation element by pressing, housing the power generation element inside the battery case, and caulking the battery case.
- the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material of the present invention can be roughly divided into two embodiments. Then, the manufacturing method of the sulfide solid electrolyte material of this invention is divided and demonstrated to a 1st embodiment and a 2nd embodiment.
- the manufacturing method of the sulfide solid electrolyte material of 1st embodiment is a manufacturing method of the sulfide solid electrolyte material described in "A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material 1. 1st embodiment", Comprising: An ion conductive material synthesizing step for synthesizing an amorphous ion conductive material by mechanical milling using a raw material composition containing the M 1 element, the M 2 element, and the S element, and the amorphous A heating step of obtaining the sulfide solid electrolyte material by heating the ionized conductive material.
- a solid electrolyte material can be obtained. Therefore, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity can be obtained. Furthermore, since Si is contained, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low reduction potential can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material of the first embodiment.
- a raw material composition is prepared by mixing Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , GeS 2 and SiS 2 .
- the raw material composition is ball milled to obtain an amorphous ion conductive material.
- the amorphous ion conductive material is heated to improve the crystallinity, thereby obtaining a sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- an ion conductive material that has been made amorphous once is synthesized.
- Ion conductive material synthesis step First, the ion conductive material synthesis step in the first embodiment will be described. Ion conductive material synthesizing step in the first embodiment, the M 1 element, by using the raw material composition containing the M 2 element and the S element, by mechanical milling, the amorphized ion conductive material It is a process of synthesizing.
- the raw material composition in the first embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it contains an M 1 element, an M 2 element, and an S element.
- the M 1 element and the M 2 element in the raw material composition are the same as those described in “A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material”.
- Compounds containing M 1 element although not particularly limited, for example, a sulfide of a single and M 1 of M 1.
- Examples of the sulfide of M 1 include Li 2 S, Na 2 S, K 2 S, MgS, CaS, and ZnS.
- Compounds containing M 2 element but are not particularly limited, for example, a sulfide of a single and M 2 of M 2.
- Examples of the sulfide of M 2 include Me 2 S 3 (Me is a trivalent element, for example, Al, B, Ga, In, and Sb), MeS 2 (Me is a tetravalent element, for example, Ge , Si, Sn, Zr, Ti, and Nb), Me 2 S 5 (Me is a pentavalent element such as P and V), and the like.
- the compound containing S element is not particularly limited, and may be a simple substance or a sulfide.
- the sulfide can include sulfides containing the above M 1 element or M 2 element.
- the raw material composition may contain an O element.
- the compound containing O element is usually an oxide.
- Type oxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably an oxide containing the above M 1 element or M 2 element. This is because unnecessary side reactions do not occur. Examples of the oxide include Me 2 O 3 (Me is a trivalent element, such as Al, B, Ga, In, and Sb), MeO 2 (Me is a tetravalent element, such as Ge, Si, and the like).
- Me 2 O 5 is a pentavalent element such as P or V
- Li 5 MeO 4 is a trivalent element such as Al , B, Ga, In, and Sb
- Li 4 MeO 4 is a tetravalent element, for example, Ge, Si, Sn, Zr, Ti, and Nb
- Li 3 MeO 4 is five
- Valent elements such as P and V).
- Mechanical milling is a method of crushing a sample while applying mechanical energy.
- an amorphous ion conductive material is synthesized by applying mechanical energy to the raw material composition.
- Examples of such mechanical milling include a vibration mill, a ball mill, a turbo mill, a mechanofusion, a disk mill, and the like, and among them, a vibration mill and a ball mill are preferable.
- the conditions of the vibration mill are not particularly limited as long as an amorphous ion conductive material can be obtained.
- the vibration amplitude of the vibration mill is, for example, preferably in the range of 5 mm to 15 mm, and more preferably in the range of 6 mm to 10 mm.
- the vibration frequency of the vibration mill is, for example, preferably in the range of 500 rpm to 2000 rpm, and more preferably in the range of 1000 rpm to 1800 rpm.
- the filling rate of the sample of the vibration mill is, for example, preferably in the range of 1 to 80% by volume, more preferably in the range of 5 to 60% by volume, and particularly in the range of 10 to 50% by volume.
- a vibrator for example, an alumina vibrator
- the conditions of the ball mill are not particularly limited as long as an amorphous ion conductive material can be obtained.
- the rotation speed of the platform when performing the planetary ball mill is preferably in the range of 200 rpm to 500 rpm, and more preferably in the range of 250 rpm to 400 rpm.
- the treatment time when performing the planetary ball mill is preferably in the range of, for example, 1 hour to 100 hours, and more preferably in the range of 1 hour to 70 hours.
- Heating step in the first embodiment is a step of obtaining the sulfide solid electrolyte material by heating the amorphous ion conductive material.
- the crystallinity is improved by heating the amorphized ion conductive material.
- the temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature of the phase.
- the heating temperature is preferably 300 ° C. or higher, more preferably 350 ° C. or higher, further preferably 400 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 450 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature is preferably 1000 ° C. or less, more preferably 700 ° C. or less, further preferably 650 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably 600 ° C. or less.
- the heating in the first embodiment is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere or in vacuum from the viewpoint of preventing oxidation.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material obtained by the first embodiment is the same as the contents described in the above-mentioned “A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material 1. First embodiment”. .
- a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material according to a second embodiment is the method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte material described in “A. Sulfide solid electrolyte material 2. Second embodiment”.
- the octahedron O, the tetrahedron T 1, and the tetrahedron T 2 are made to have a predetermined crystal structure (amorphization is performed in the ion conductive material synthesis step and then the heating step is performed).
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a three-dimensional structure can be obtained. Therefore, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having good ion conductivity can be obtained.
- Si is contained, a sulfide solid electrolyte material having a low reduction potential can be obtained.
- the ion conductive material synthesizing step and the heating step in the second embodiment are basically the same as the contents described in the above-mentioned “C. Method for producing sulfide solid electrolyte material 1. First embodiment”. The description here is omitted. It is preferable to set various conditions so that a desired sulfide solid electrolyte material can be obtained.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- Example 1 As starting materials, lithium sulfide (Li 2 S, manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), lithium oxide (Li 2 O, manufactured by High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd.), diphosphorus pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 , manufactured by Aldrich), Silicon sulfide (SiS 2 , manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. These powders were mixed in a glove box under an argon atmosphere at a ratio of 0.34083 g of Li 2 S, 0.06819 g of Li 2 O, 0.38049 g of P 2 S 5 and 0.21047 g of SiS 2 , A raw material composition was obtained.
- the obtained ion conductive material powder was placed in a carbon-coated quartz tube and vacuum-sealed.
- the pressure of the vacuum sealed quartz tube was about 30 Pa.
- the quartz tube was placed in a firing furnace, heated from room temperature to 550 ° C. over 6 hours, maintained at 550 ° C. for 8 hours, and then gradually cooled to room temperature.
- a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material having a composition of Li 3.4 Si 0.4 P 0.6 (S 0.9 O 0.1 ) 4 was obtained.
- Example 2 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), germanium sulfide (GeS 2 , manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, Li 2 S was 0.42166 g, P 2 S 5 was 0.35997 g, and GeS 2 was 0.05906 g and SiS 2 were mixed at a ratio of 0.15929 g to obtain a raw material composition. A crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Li 2 S Li 2 S was 0.42166 g
- P 2 S 5 was 0.35997 g
- GeS 2 was 0.05906 g and SiS 2 were mixed at a ratio of 0.15929 g to obtain a raw material composition.
- a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Example 3 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), tin sulfide (SnS 2 , manufactured by High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, Li 2 S 0.4111972 g, P 2 S 5 0.365571 g, SiS 2 0.14873G, mixed SnS 2 at a rate of 0.073724G, to obtain a raw material composition. A crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Li 2 S 0.4111972 g, P 2 S 5 0.365571 g, SiS 2 0.14873G, mixed SnS 2 at a rate of 0.073724G Li 2 S 0.4111972 g, P 2 S 5 0.365571 g, SiS 2 0.14873G, mixed SnS 2 at a rate of 0.073724G
- Example 4 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), tin sulfide (SnS 2 , manufactured by High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, Li 2 S was 0.37861 g, P 2 S 5 was 0.39526 g, and SiS 2 was 0.0401 g and SnS 2 were mixed at a ratio of 0.185927 g to obtain a raw material composition. A crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Li 2 S Li 2 S was 0.37861 g
- P 2 S 5 was 0.39526 g
- SiS 2 was 0.0401 g and SnS 2 were mixed at a ratio of 0.185927 g to obtain a raw material composition.
- a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Example 5 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), tin sulfide (SnS 2 , manufactured by High Purity Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, Li 2 S 0.383807 g, P 2 S 5 0.366893 g, SiS 2 0.0627309G, mixed SnS 2 at a rate of 0.186569G, to obtain a raw material composition. A crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- Li 2 S 0.383807 g, P 2 S 5 0.366893 g, SiS 2 0.0627309G mixed SnS 2 at a rate of 0.186569G
- Example 6 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), germanium sulfide (GeS 2 , manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, 0.415120 g of Li 2 S, 0.375416 g of P 2 S 5 , and SiS 2 0.128062G, mixed GeS 2 at a rate of 0.0814011G, to obtain a raw material composition. A crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- germanium sulfide GeS 2 , manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Example 7 As a starting material, instead of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), germanium sulfide (GeS 2 , manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used, Li 2 S was 0.407909 g, P 2 S 5 was 0.368895 g, and SiS 2 was 0.0898839G, mixed GeS 2 at a rate of 0.1333119G, to obtain a raw material composition.
- a crystalline sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this raw material composition was used.
- tetrahedron T 1 (GeS 4 tetrahedron and PS 4 tetrahedron) and octahedron O (LiS 6 octahedron) share a ridge
- tetrahedron T 2 (PS 4 tetrahedron) and octahedron O (LiS 6 octahedron) was a crystal structure sharing a vertex.
- Examples 1 to 7 have the same diffraction pattern as Comparative Example 1, and thus it was confirmed that the same crystal structure was formed in Examples 1 to 7.
- Example 1 is a LiSiPSO system, it was confirmed to have a reduction potential similar to that of Examples 2-4.
- Li ion conductivity measurement Using the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, Li ion conductivity at 25 ° C. was measured. First, an appropriate amount of sample is weighed in a glove box in an argon atmosphere and placed in a polyethylene terephthalate tube (PET tube, inner diameter 10 mm, outer diameter 30 mm, height 20 mm), and powder molding made of carbon tool steel S45C anvil from above and below. I pinched it with a jig.
- PET tube polyethylene terephthalate tube
- a frequency response analyzer FRA Frequency Response Analyzer
- Solartron impedance / gain phase analyzer solartron 1260
- Espec corp, SU-241, -40 ° C ⁇ 150 ° C was used.
- the measurement was started from the high frequency region under the conditions of an AC voltage of 10 mV to 1000 mV, a frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz, an integration time of 0.2 seconds, and a temperature of 23 ° C.
- Zplot was used as measurement software, and Zview was used as analysis software. The obtained result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS.
- the lattice constant was determined as follows. First, the obtained sulfide solid electrolyte material was packed in a quartz capillary of ⁇ 0.5 mm, and XRD pattern data was obtained at a wavelength of 0.5 mm at a high-intensity synchrotron radiation facility (Spring-8). Based on the obtained data, the lattice constant was calculated by Rietveld analysis. At that time, the space group was P4 2 / nmc (137). The results are shown in FIG.
- Li 2 S lithium sulfide
- Li 2 O lithium oxide
- P 2 S 5 diphosphorus pentasulfide
- GeS 2 germanium sulfide
- the obtained ion conductive material was molded into pellets, and the obtained pellets were placed in a carbon-coated quartz tube and vacuum-sealed.
- the pressure of the vacuum sealed quartz tube was about 30 Pa.
- the quartz tube was placed in a firing furnace, heated from room temperature to 550 ° C. over 6 hours, maintained at 550 ° C. for 8 hours, and then gradually cooled to room temperature.
- This gave a sulfide solid electrolyte material of the crystalline having a composition of Li 3.35 Ge 0.35 P 0.65 S 3.8 O 0.2.
- the amount of oxygen substitution is 5%.
- the crystalline material was the same as in Reference Example 1 except that the raw material composition used was a mixture of Li 2 S 0.390529 g, P 2 S 5 0.366564 g, and GeS 2 0.242907 g.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material was obtained.
- the oxygen substitution amount is 0%.
- Reference Examples 1 to 3 in which sulfur was substituted with oxygen had higher Li ion conductivity than Reference Example 4 in which sulfur was not substituted with oxygen.
- the reason for the high Li ion conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte materials obtained in Reference Examples 1 to 3 is that the size of the tunnel through which Li ions pass (the tunnel existing in the crystal) is more conductive by introducing the O element. This is thought to be due to the change to a size that is easy to do.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料について説明する。本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料は、2つの実施態様に大別することができる。そこで、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料について、第一実施態様および第二実施態様に分けて説明する。
第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、M1元素、M2元素およびS元素を含有し、上記M1は、少なくともLiを含み、上記M2は、P、Sb、Si、Ge、Sn、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Zr、V、Nbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定における2θ=29.58°±0.50°の位置にピークを有し、上記2θ=29.58°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIAとし、2θ=27.33°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIBとした場合に、IB/IAの値が0.50未満であり、上記M2は、少なくともPおよびSiを含むことを特徴とするものである。
次に、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の第二実施態様について説明する。第二実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料は、M1元素およびS元素から構成される八面体Oと、M2a元素およびS元素から構成される四面体T1と、M2b元素およびS元素から構成される四面体T2とを有し、上記四面体T1および上記八面体Oは稜を共有し、上記四面体T2および上記八面体Oは頂点を共有する結晶構造を主体として含有し、上記M1は、少なくともLiを含み、上記M2aおよび上記M2bは、それぞれ独立に、P、Sb、Si、Ge、Sn、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Zr、V、Nbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、上記M2aおよび上記M2bの少なくとも一方はPを含み、上記M2aおよび上記M2bの少なくとも一方はSiを含むことを特徴とするものである。
次に、本発明の電池について説明する。本発明の電池は、正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、上記正極活物質層および上記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを含有する電池であって、上記正極活物質層、上記負極活物質層および上記電解質層の少なくとも一つが、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、本発明の電池について、構成ごとに説明する。
本発明における負極活物質層は、少なくとも負極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料、導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つを含有していても良い。特に、本発明においては、負極活物質層が固体電解質材料を含有し、その固体電解質材料が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料であることが好ましい。上記硫化物固体電解質材料は還元電位が低く、Siを含有しない硫化物固体電解質材料を用いる場合に比べて、使用可能な負極活物質の選択の幅が広がるからである。負極活物質層に含まれる上記硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、電池の種類によって異なるものであるが、例えば0.1体積%~80体積%の範囲内、中でも1体積%~60体積%の範囲内、特に10体積%~50体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。また、負極活物質としては、例えば金属活物質およびカーボン活物質を挙げることができる。金属活物質としては、例えばIn、Al、SiおよびSn等を挙げることができる。一方、カーボン活物質としては、例えばメソカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB)、高配向性グラファイト(HOPG)、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン等を挙げることができる。特に、本発明においては、負極活物質層が上記硫化物固体電解質材料を含有し、負極活物質の作動電位(Liイオンの挿入反応が生じる電位)が、上記硫化物固体電解質材料の還元電位よりも高いことが好ましい。
本発明における電解質層は、正極活物質層および負極活物質層の間に形成される層である。電解質層は、イオンの伝導を行うことができる層であれば特に限定されるものではないが、固体電解質材料から構成される固体電解質層であることが好ましい。電解液を用いる電池に比べて、安全性の高い電池を得ることができるからである。さらに、本発明においては、固体電解質層が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することが好ましい。固体電解質層に含まれる上記硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、例えば10体積%~100体積%の範囲内、中でも50体積%~100体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。固体電解質層の厚さは、例えば0.1μm~1000μmの範囲内、中でも0.1μm~300μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。また、固体電解質層の形成方法としては、例えば、固体電解質材料を圧縮成形する方法等を挙げることができる。
本発明における正極活物質層は、少なくとも正極活物質を含有する層であり、必要に応じて、固体電解質材料、導電化材および結着材の少なくとも一つを含有していても良い。特に、本発明においては、正極活物質層が固体電解質材料を含有し、その固体電解質材料が、上述した硫化物固体電解質材料であることが好ましい。正極活物質層に含まれる上記硫化物固体電解質材料の割合は、電池の種類によって異なるものであるが、例えば0.1体積%~80体積%の範囲内、中でも1体積%~60体積%の範囲内、特に10体積%~50体積%の範囲内であることが好ましい。また、正極活物質としては、例えばLiCoO2、LiMnO2、Li2NiMn3O8、LiVO2、LiCrO2、LiFePO4、LiCoPO4、LiNiO2、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2等を挙げることができる。なお、正極活物質層に用いられる導電化材および結着材については、上述した負極活物質層における場合と同様である。また、正極活物質層の厚さは、例えば0.1μm~1000μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
本発明の電池は、上述した負極活物質層、電解質層および正極活物質層を少なくとも有するものである。さらに通常は、正極活物質層の集電を行う正極集電体、および負極活物質層の集電を行う負極集電体を有する。正極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、アルミニウム、ニッケル、鉄、チタンおよびカーボン等を挙げることができる。一方、負極集電体の材料としては、例えばSUS、銅、ニッケルおよびカーボン等を挙げることができる。また、正極集電体および負極集電体の厚さや形状等については、電池の用途等に応じて適宜選択することが好ましい。また、本発明に用いられる電池ケースには、一般的な電池の電池ケースを用いることができる。電池ケースとしては、例えばSUS製電池ケース等を挙げることができる。
本発明の電池は、一次電池であっても良く、二次電池であっても良いが、中でも二次電池であることが好ましい。繰り返し充放電でき、例えば車載用電池として有用だからである。本発明の電池の形状としては、例えば、コイン型、ラミネート型、円筒型および角型等を挙げることができる。また、本発明の電池の製造方法は、上述した電池を得ることができる方法であれば特に限定されるものではなく、一般的な電池の製造方法と同様の方法を用いることができる。例えば、本発明の電池が全固体電池である場合、その製造方法の一例としては、正極活物質層を構成する材料、固体電解質層を構成する材料、および負極活物質層を構成する材料を順次プレスすることにより、発電要素を作製し、この発電要素を電池ケースの内部に収納し、電池ケースをかしめる方法等を挙げることができる。
次に、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法について説明する。本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法は、2つの実施態様に大別することができる。そこで、本発明の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法について、第一実施態様および第二実施態様に分けて説明する。
第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法は、「A.硫化物固体電解質材料 1.第一実施態様」に記載した硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、上記M1元素、上記M2元素および上記S元素を含有する原料組成物を用いて、メカニカルミリングにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を合成するイオン伝導性材料合成工程と、上記非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を加熱することにより、上記硫化物固体電解質材料を得る加熱工程と、を有することを特徴とするものである。
以下、第一実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法について、工程ごとに説明する。
まず、第一実施態様におけるイオン伝導性材料合成工程について説明する。第一実施態様におけるイオン伝導性材料合成工程は、上記M1元素、上記M2元素および上記S元素を含有する原料組成物を用いて、メカニカルミリングにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を合成する工程である。
第一実施態様における加熱工程は、上記非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を加熱することにより、上記硫化物固体電解質材料を得る工程である。
第二実施態様の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法は、「A.硫化物固体電解質材料 2.第二実施態様」に記載した硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、上記M1元素、上記M2a元素、上記M2b元素および上記S元素を含有する原料組成物を用いて、メカニカルミリングにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を合成するイオン伝導性材料合成工程と、上記非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を加熱することにより、上記硫化物固体電解質材料を得る加熱工程と、を有することを特徴とするものである。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S、日本化学工業社製)と、酸化リチウム(Li2O、高純度化学社製)と、五硫化二リン(P2S5、アルドリッチ社製)と、硫化珪素(SiS2、高純度化学社製)を用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、Li2Sを0.34083g、Li2Oを0.06819g、P2S5を0.38049g、SiS2を0.21047gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。次に、原料組成物1gを、ジルコニアボール(10mmφ、10個)とともに、ジルコニア製のポット(45ml)に入れ、ポットを完全に密閉した(アルゴン雰囲気)。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機(フリッチュ製P7)に取り付け、台盤回転数370rpmで、40時間メカニカルミリングを行った。これにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を得た。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化ゲルマニウム(GeS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.42166g、P2S5を0.35997g、GeS2を0.05906g、SiS2を0.15929gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.4(Ge0.2Si0.8)0.4P0.6S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Ge1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.6、y=0、δ=0.8の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化スズ(SnS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.411972g、P2S5を0.365571g、SiS2を0.14873g、SnS2を0.073724gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.38(Sn0.2Si0.8)0.38P0.62S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Sn1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.62、y=0、δ=0.8の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化スズ(SnS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.37861g、P2S5を0.39526g、SiS2を0.0401g、SnS2を0.185927gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.29(Sn0.7Si0.3)0.29P0.71S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Sn1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.71、y=0、δ=0.3の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化スズ(SnS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.383807g、P2S5を0.366893g、SiS2を0.0627309g、SnS2を0.186569gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.34(Sn0.7Si0.3)0.34P0.66S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Sn1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.66、y=0、δ=0.3の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化ゲルマニウム(GeS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.415120g、P2S5を0.375416g、SiS2を0.128062g、GeS2を0.0814011gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.38(Ge0.3Si0.7)0.38P0.62S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Ge1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.62、y=0、δ=0.7の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、酸化リチウム(Li2O)の代わりに、硫化ゲルマニウム(GeS2、高純度化学社製)を用い、Li2Sを0.407909g、P2S5を0.368895g、SiS2を0.0898839g、GeS2を0.1333119gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.37(Ge0.5Si0.5)0.37P0.63S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Ge1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.63、y=0、δ=0.5の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、Li2S、P2S5、GeS2を用い、Li2Sを0.39019g、P2S5を0.377515g、GeS2を0.232295gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.33Ge0.33P0.67S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Ge1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.67、y=0、δ=0の組成に該当するものである。
出発原料として、Li2S、P2S5、SnS2を用い、Li2Sを0.365069g、P2S5を0.390958g、SnS2を0.243972gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。この原料組成物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.275Sn0.275P0.725S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)(Sn1-δSiδ)(1-x)Px(S1-yOy)4におけるx=0.725、y=0、δ=0の組成に該当するものである。
(X線回折測定)
実施例1~7および比較例1、2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、X線回折(XRD)測定を行った。XRD測定は、粉末試料に対して、不活性雰囲気下、CuKα線使用の条件で行った。その結果を図5~図7に示す。図7(a)に示すように、比較例1では、2θ=17.38°、20.18°、20.44°、23.56°、23.96°、24.93°、26.96°、29.07°、29.58°、31.71°、32.66°、33.39°の位置にピークが現れた。これらのピークが、イオン伝導性の高い結晶相Aのピークであると考えられる。なお、イオン伝導性の低い結晶相Bのピークである2θ=27.33°±0.50°のピークは確認されなかった。また、比較例2および実施例1~7は、比較例1と同様の回折パターンを有することが確認された。
比較例1で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料の結晶構造をX線構造解析により同定した。XRDで得られた回折図形を基に直接法で晶系・結晶群を決定し、その後、実空間法により結晶構造を同定した。その結果、上述した図2のような結晶構造を有することが確認された。すなわち、四面体T1(GeS4四面体およびPS4四面体)と、八面体O(LiS6八面体)とは稜を共有し、四面体T2(PS4四面体)と、八面体O(LiS6八面体)とは頂点を共有している結晶構造であった。また、上述したように実施例1~7は比較例1と同様の回折パターンを有することから、実施例1~7においても同様の結晶構造が形成されていることが確認された。
実施例1~7および比較例1、2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料の粉末を用いて、評価用電池を作製した。まず、硫化物固体電解質材料100mgをマコール製のシリンダに添加し、1ton/cm2でプレスし、固体電解質層を形成した。次に、SUS粉末および硫化物固体電解質材料を、重量比でSUS粉末:硫化物固体電解質材料=80:20となるように秤量し、メノウ乳鉢で混合した。これにより、作用極合材を得た。この作用極合材12mgを固体電解質層の一方の表面に添加し、4ton/cm2でプレスし、固体電解質層上に作用極を形成した。次に、固体電解質層の他方の表面に、LiIn箔を配置し、1ton/cm2でプレスし、参照極を形成した。これにより発電要素を得た。その発電要素を6Ncmで拘束し、評価用電池を得た。
実施例1~4および比較例1、2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、25℃でのLiイオン伝導度を測定した。まず、アルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、試料を適量秤量し、ポリエチレンテレフタラート管(PET管、内径10mm、外径30mm、高さ20mm)に入れ、上下から、炭素工具鋼S45Cアンビルからなる粉末成型治具で挟んだ。次に、一軸プレス機(理研精機社製P-6)を用いて、表示圧力6MPa(成型圧力約110MPa)でプレスし、直径10mm、任意の厚さのペレットを成型した。次に、ペレットの両面に、金粉末(ニラコ社製、樹状、粒径約10μm)を13mg~15mgずつ乗せて、均一にペレット表面上に分散させ、表示圧力30MPa(成型圧力約560MPa)で成型した。その後、得られたペレットを、アルゴン雰囲気を維持できる密閉式電気化学セルに入れた。
実施例1~3、5および比較例1、2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料の格子定数と、還元電位との関係を調べた。格子定数は次のようにして求めた。まず、得られた硫化物固体電解質材料をφ0.5mmの石英製のキャピラリに詰め、高輝度放射光施設(Spring-8)にて波長0.5ÅでXRDパターンのデータを得た。得られたデータを基に、リートベルト解析により格子定数を算出した。その際、空間群はP42/nmc(137)とした。その結果を図16および表1に示す。
実施例1、5~7および比較例1、2で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料のLi量と、還元電位との関係を調べた。その結果を図17および表2に示す。
出発原料として、硫化リチウム(Li2S)と、酸化リチウム(Li2O)と、五硫化二リン(P2S5)と、硫化ゲルマニウム(GeS2)とを用いた。これらの粉末をアルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、Li2Sを0.3495g、Li2Oを0.03082g、P2S5を0.372641g、GeS2を0.2469gの割合で混合し、原料組成物を得た。得られた原料組成物を、振動ミルを用いて粉砕した。振動ミルにはシーエムティー科学社製TI-100を使用した。具体的には、10mLのポットに、原料組成物1gと、アルミナ製振動子(φ36.3mm、高さ48.9mm)とを入れ、回転数1440rpmで30分間処理を行った。これにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を得た。
原料組成物として、Li2Sを0.30728g、Li2Oを0.06269g、P2S5を0.378922g、GeS2を0.251096gの割合で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、参考例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.35Ge0.35P0.65S3.6O0.4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)Ge(1-x)PxS4-yOyにおけるx=0.65、y=0.4の組成に該当するものである。酸素置換量は10%である。
原料組成物として、Li2Sを0.190304g、Li2Oを0.150803g、P2S5を0.3962890g、GeS2を0.262604gの割合で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、参考例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.35Ge0.35P0.65S3.08O0.92の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)Ge(1-x)PxS4-yOyにおけるx=0.65、y=0.92の組成に該当するものである。酸素置換量は23%である。
原料組成物として、Li2Sを0.390529g、P2S5を0.366564g、GeS2を0.242907gの割合で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、参考例1と同様にして結晶質の硫化物固体電解質材料を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料は、Li3.35Ge0.35P0.65S4の組成を有し、この組成はLi(4-x)Ge(1-x)PxS4-yOyにおけるx=0.65、y=0の組成に該当するものである。酸素置換量は0%である。
(Liイオン伝導度測定)
参考例1~4で得られた硫化物固体電解質材料を用いて、25℃でのLiイオン伝導度を測定した。測定条件は、上記内容と同様である。得られた結果を図19に示す。
2 … 負極活物質層
3 … 電解質層
4 … 正極集電体
5 … 負極集電体
6 … 電池ケース
10 … 電池
Claims (14)
- M1元素、M2元素およびS元素を含有し、
前記M1は、少なくともLiを含み、
前記M2は、P、Sb、Si、Ge、Sn、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Zr、V、Nbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定における2θ=29.58°±0.50°の位置にピークを有し、
前記2θ=29.58°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIAとし、2θ=27.33°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIBとした場合に、IB/IAの値が0.50未満であり、
前記M2は、少なくともPおよびSiを含むことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料。 - M1元素、M2元素およびS元素を含有し、
前記M1は、少なくともLiを含み、
前記M2は、P、Sb、Si、Ge、Sn、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Zr、V、Nbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定における2θ=29.58°±0.50°の位置にピークを有し、
CuKα線を用いたX線回折測定における2θ=27.33°±0.50°の位置にピークを有しないか、
前記2θ=27.33°±0.50°の位置にピークを有する場合、前記2θ=29.58°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIAとし、前記2θ=27.33°±0.50°のピークの回折強度をIBとした際に、IB/IAの値が0.50未満であり、
前記M2は、少なくともPおよびSiを含むことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記M2は、PおよびSi以外の他の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- Pを除く前記M2に対するSiのモル分率が30%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記2θ=29.58°±0.50°の位置にピークを有する結晶相において、格子定数のa軸長が8.69Å以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記M2のモル分率の合計を1とした場合に、前記M1のモル分率が3.35以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- M1元素およびS元素から構成される八面体Oと、M2a元素およびS元素から構成される四面体T1と、M2b元素およびS元素から構成される四面体T2とを有し、前記四面体T1および前記八面体Oは稜を共有し、前記四面体T2および前記八面体Oは頂点を共有する結晶構造を主体として含有し、
前記M1は、少なくともLiを含み、
前記M2aおよび前記M2bは、それぞれ独立に、P、Sb、Si、Ge、Sn、B、Al、Ga、In、Ti、Zr、V、Nbからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、
前記M2aおよび前記M2bの少なくとも一方はPを含み、
前記M2aおよび前記M2bの少なくとも一方はSiを含むことを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料。 - 前記M2aおよび前記M2bの少なくとも一方は、PおよびSi以外の他の元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- Pを除く前記M2aおよび前記M2bに対するSiのモル分率が30%以上であることを特徴とする請求項7または請求項8に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記結晶構造において、格子定数のa軸長が8.69Å以下であることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項9までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 前記M2aおよび前記M2bのモル分率の合計を1とした場合に、前記M1のモル分率が3.35以上であることを特徴とする請求項7から請求項10までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料。
- 正極活物質を含有する正極活物質層と、負極活物質を含有する負極活物質層と、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層の間に形成された電解質層とを含有する電池であって、
前記正極活物質層、前記負極活物質層および前記電解質層の少なくとも一つが、請求項1から請求項11までのいずれかの請求項に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料を含有することを特徴とする電池。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、
前記M1元素、前記M2元素および前記S元素を含有する原料組成物を用いて、メカニカルミリングにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を合成するイオン伝導性材料合成工程と、
前記非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を加熱することにより、前記硫化物固体電解質材料を得る加熱工程と、
を有することを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法であって、
前記M1元素、前記M2a元素、前記M2b元素および前記S元素を含有する原料組成物を用いて、メカニカルミリングにより、非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を合成するイオン伝導性材料合成工程と、
前記非晶質化したイオン伝導性材料を加熱することにより、前記硫化物固体電解質材料を得る加熱工程と、
を有することを特徴とする硫化物固体電解質材料の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104185873B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
US10033065B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
CN104185873A (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
JP5888609B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
DE112013000854T8 (de) | 2014-11-27 |
KR101760558B1 (ko) | 2017-07-21 |
DE112013000854T5 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
JP2013177288A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
KR20140117467A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
DE112013000854B8 (de) | 2020-08-20 |
DE112013000854B4 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
US20150037687A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
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