WO2013108287A1 - 熱電発電装置 - Google Patents
熱電発電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013108287A1 WO2013108287A1 PCT/JP2012/000239 JP2012000239W WO2013108287A1 WO 2013108287 A1 WO2013108287 A1 WO 2013108287A1 JP 2012000239 W JP2012000239 W JP 2012000239W WO 2013108287 A1 WO2013108287 A1 WO 2013108287A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conversion module
- thermoelectric conversion
- thermoelectric
- operating state
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
- F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric generator, and more particularly, to a thermoelectric generator that detects an operating state of a thermoelectric conversion module that performs thermoelectric generation based on a temperature difference between a high temperature portion and a low temperature portion.
- exhaust gas or the like discharged from an internal combustion engine of a vehicle such as an automobile contains thermal energy, and therefore, if the exhaust gas is discarded as it is, the thermal energy is wasted. Therefore, the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas is recovered by the thermoelectric generator and converted into electrical energy, and for example, the battery is charged.
- thermoelectric power generator In this type of conventional thermoelectric power generator, the high temperature portion of the thermoelectric conversion module is opposed to the exhaust pipe into which the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is introduced, and cooling water flows through the low temperature portion of the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the one facing the water pipe is known.
- thermoelectric conversion module is configured to include a thermoelectric conversion element such as a semiconductor, an electrode, a heat receiving substrate serving as a high-temperature portion, a heat-dissipating substrate serving as a low-temperature portion, and the like.
- the cooling water generates power by generating a temperature difference between the high temperature part and the low temperature part of the thermoelectric conversion module.
- thermoelectric power generation device when a failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module occurs, it becomes difficult to recover the electric power. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether or not the thermoelectric conversion module has failed.
- thermoelectric conversion module for example, a diagnostic device for executing a diagnosis of a thermoelectric conversion module described in Patent Document 1 is known.
- This diagnostic device performs a predetermined calculation based on a measurement means for actually measuring the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module, and a signal indicating each measurement value measured by a temperature sensor, an intake air amount sensor, an outside air temperature sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, and the like.
- a measurement means for actually measuring the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module and a signal indicating each measurement value measured by a temperature sensor, an intake air amount sensor, an outside air temperature sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, and the like.
- the diagnostic device warns that the thermoelectric conversion module is broken through the display unit or the audio output unit when the actually measured power is not included in the normal range of the power.
- the estimation means is based on a signal indicating each measurement value measured by a plurality of sensors such as a temperature sensor, an intake air amount sensor, an outside air temperature sensor, and a vehicle speed sensor, Since the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module is estimated, there are many parameters for estimating the electric power of the thermoelectric conversion module. For this reason, the configuration of the diagnostic apparatus is complicated, and a plurality of parameters are entangled with each other, so that the estimation accuracy may not be sufficient and erroneous determination may occur.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described conventional problems.
- the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module can be detected with a simple configuration, and the detection accuracy of the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module can be detected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric generator capable of improving the efficiency.
- thermoelectric power generation device is a thermoelectric power generation device including a thermoelectric conversion module that performs thermoelectric power generation according to a temperature difference between a high temperature portion and a low temperature portion, and An operation for performing an operation state detection process for detecting an operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module based on a change in an electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module when the amount of heat transmitted to any one of the low temperature parts is varied. It is comprised from what was provided with the state detection means.
- the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module changes according to the amount of heat transmitted to the high temperature part or low temperature part of the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operating state detection means changes the amount of heat transmitted to the high temperature part or the low temperature part of the thermoelectric conversion module and monitors the electrical characteristic value (for example, voltage) output from the thermoelectric conversion module, thereby Detects the operating state of the conversion module.
- thermoelectric conversion module it is possible to simplify the configuration of the operating state detection means, and to determine the failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module with high accuracy based on the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the high temperature portion is provided opposite to an exhaust pipe into which exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is introduced, and the operating state detection unit is configured to change an amount of exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe.
- You may comprise so that the operating state of the said thermoelectric conversion module may be detected based on the change of the electrical property value of the said thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operating state detection means detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module based on a change in the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module when the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is varied. Therefore, when the thermoelectric generator is applied to a vehicle, the configuration of the operating state detection means is simplified, and the failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module is highly accurate based on the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module. Judgment can be made.
- the exhaust pipe is provided coaxially with the first exhaust pipe in which a bypass passage into which the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is introduced, and the first exhaust pipe,
- a heat receiving passage through which exhaust gas is introduced is formed together with the exhaust pipe, and includes a second exhaust pipe facing a high temperature portion of the thermoelectric conversion module, and a communication portion communicating the bypass passage and the heat receiving passage.
- an opening / closing valve for opening / closing the first exhaust pipe and an opening / closing control means for controlling opening / closing of the opening / closing valve, and the operating state detecting means drives the opening / closing control means to control opening / closing of the opening / closing valve. Then, the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the heat receiving passage may be varied by switching the exhaust gas exhaust route between the bypass passage and the heat receiving passage.
- thermoelectric generator for example, when the operating state detecting means drives the opening / closing control means to release the opening / closing valve, the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is discharged outside through the bypass pipe, and the exhaust gas is introduced into the heat receiving passage. It will not be done.
- the operating state detection means drives the opening / closing control means and closes the opening / closing valve
- the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is introduced into the heat receiving passage from the bypass pipe through the communication portion, and enters the high temperature portion of the thermoelectric generator. Exhaust gas heat is transferred.
- the operating state detecting means for example, switches the open / close valve from the open state to the closed state, varies the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the heat receiving passage, and varies the amount of heat transmitted to the thermoelectric generator, thereby enabling the thermoelectric conversion module. If the change of the electrical characteristic value is monitored, the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module can be detected.
- the operating state detecting means detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module based on a change in an electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module after the on-off valve is switched from an open state to a closed state. May be.
- thermoelectric generator when the on-off valve is switched from the open state to the closed state, the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the heat receiving passage changes, and if there is no failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module, the thermoelectric conversion Since the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module increases due to the heat of the exhaust gas transmitted to the module, the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module increases.
- the operating state detection means detects that a failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module has occurred when the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module does not increase after switching the open / close valve from the open state to the closed state. Can do.
- the operation state detection means switches the open / close valve from the open state to the closed state and varies the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the heat receiving passage, thereby varying the amount of heat transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operation state detection means switches the open / close valve from the open state to the closed state and varies the amount of exhaust gas introduced into the heat receiving passage, thereby varying the amount of heat transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operating state detection means compares an electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module after the on-off valve is switched from an open state to a closed state with a threshold value, and the electrical characteristic value is less than the threshold value. In this case, it may be determined that the thermoelectric conversion module is malfunctioning.
- thermoelectric generator if the thermoelectric conversion module operates normally after the on-off valve is switched from the open state to the closed state, the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module increases.
- the operating state detection means compares the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module after the on-off valve is switched from the open state to the closed state with a threshold value, and if the electrical characteristic value is less than the threshold value, the thermoelectric conversion It can be determined that the module is malfunctioning such as failure or deterioration.
- thermoelectric conversion module it is possible to simplify the configuration of the operation state detection means and determine the operation failure of the thermoelectric conversion module with high accuracy based on the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operating state detecting means compares an electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module after the on-off valve is switched from an open state to a closed state with a threshold value, and the electrical characteristic value is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
- the thermoelectric conversion module may be configured to determine that it is operating normally.
- thermoelectric generator if the thermoelectric conversion module operates normally after the on-off valve is switched from the open state to the closed state, the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module increases.
- the operating state detection means compares the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module after the on-off valve is switched from the open state to the closed state with a threshold value, and if the electrical characteristic value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, It can be determined that the module is operating normally.
- thermoelectric conversion module it is possible to simplify the configuration of the operation state detection means and determine the operation failure of the thermoelectric conversion module with high accuracy based on the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the operation state detection unit stops power generation other than the thermoelectric conversion module during the operation state detection process, and is based on a change in a voltage value of a battery that stores electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module. Then, the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module may be detected.
- thermoelectric power generation device stops the power generation other than the thermoelectric conversion module during the operation state detection process, and operates the thermoelectric conversion module based on the change in the voltage value of the battery that stores the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module. Since the state is detected, only the electric power from the thermoelectric conversion module is stored in the battery, and the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module can be reliably detected based on the change in the electrical characteristic value of the battery.
- thermoelectric conversion module can be detected without using a plurality of sensors as in the prior art, and the configuration of the operation state detection means can be simplified.
- the operation state detection means may perform the operation state detection process on condition that the temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
- the amount of heat transmitted to the thermoelectric conversion module is low when the exhaust gas temperature is low, so the power generation amount of the thermoelectric conversion module is reduced.
- the operation state detection means may perform the operation state detection process on condition that the vehicle is in steady running.
- thermoelectric generator when the vehicle is not in steady running, such as when the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating, the voltage value of the battery is unstable, while the voltage value of the battery becomes large and the battery voltage value becomes unstable.
- the low-temperature portion is provided opposite to a cooling water pipe through which cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine flows, and the thermoelectric conversion when the operating state detecting unit varies the amount of cooling water flowing through the cooling water pipe. It may be configured to detect an operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module based on a change in the electrical characteristic value of the module.
- thermoelectric power generator detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module based on the change in the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module when the operating state detection means varies the amount of cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine.
- the configuration of the operating state detection means is simplified, and failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module is determined with high accuracy based on the electrical characteristic value output from the thermoelectric conversion module. be able to.
- thermoelectric power generation device that can detect the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module with a simple configuration and improve the detection accuracy of the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the thermoelectric power generation apparatus which concerns on this invention, and is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle provided with a thermoelectric power generation apparatus.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the thermoelectric power generating apparatus which concerns on this invention, and is side surface sectional drawing of a thermoelectric power generating apparatus. It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the thermoelectric power generating apparatus which concerns on this invention, and is a perspective view of a thermoelectric conversion module.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus which concerns on this invention
- 1st Embodiment of the thermoelectric generator which concerns on this invention, and is a figure which shows the flowchart of an operation state detection program.
- 1st Embodiment of the thermoelectric power generating apparatus which concerns on this invention, and is a figure which shows the change of the voltage value of the battery in implementation of the operation state detection process.
- 2nd Embodiment of the thermoelectric generator which concerns on this invention, and is a figure which shows the flowchart of an operation state detection program.
- thermoelectric power generation apparatus It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the thermoelectric power generator which concerns on this invention, and is a figure which shows the change of the voltage value of the battery in implementation of the operation state detection process. It is a figure which shows 1st, 2nd embodiment of the thermoelectric power generation apparatus which concerns on this invention, and is a schematic block diagram of a vehicle provided with the thermoelectric power generation apparatus from which the supply path
- thermoelectric generator according to the present invention
- the engine is not limited to a gasoline engine.
- thermoelectric generator 1 to 6 are diagrams showing a first embodiment of a thermoelectric generator according to the present invention. First, the configuration will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, an engine 1 as an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile is formed by mixing air supplied from an intake system and fuel supplied from a fuel supply system at an appropriate air-fuel ratio. After being supplied to the air-fuel mixture combustion chamber and combusted, the exhaust gas generated along with this combustion is discharged from the exhaust system to the atmosphere.
- the exhaust system includes an exhaust manifold 2 attached to the engine 1 and an exhaust pipe 4 connected to the exhaust manifold 2 via a spherical joint 3.
- the exhaust manifold 2 and the exhaust pipe 4 An exhaust passage is formed.
- the spherical joint 3 allows moderate swinging of the exhaust manifold 2 and the exhaust pipe 4 and functions so as not to transmit the vibration and movement of the engine 1 to the exhaust pipe 4 or to attenuate and transmit them.
- Two catalysts 5 and 6 are installed in series on the exhaust pipe 4, and the exhaust gas is purified by the catalysts 5 and 6.
- the catalyst 5 installed upstream in the exhaust gas exhaust direction in the exhaust pipe 4 is a so-called start catalyst (S / C).
- the catalyst 6 installed downstream in the exhaust direction is a so-called main catalyst (M / C) or underfloor catalyst (U / F).
- These catalysts 5 and 6 are constituted by, for example, a three-way catalyst.
- This three-way catalyst exhibits a purifying action in which carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) are collectively changed to harmless components by a chemical reaction.
- coolant long life coolant
- the cooling water is led out from the outlet pipe 8 attached to the engine 1 and then supplied to the radiator 7, and is returned from the radiator 7 to the engine 1 through the cooling water reflux pipe 9.
- the radiator 7 cools the cooling water circulated by the water pump 10 by heat exchange with the outside air.
- a bypass pipe 12 is connected to the reflux pipe 9, and a thermostat 11 is interposed between the bypass pipe 12 and the reflux pipe 9, and the amount of cooling water flowing through the radiator 7 and the bypass are bypassed by the thermostat 11.
- the amount of cooling water flowing through the pipe 12 is adjusted. For example, during the warm-up operation of the engine 1, the amount of cooling water on the bypass pipe 12 side is increased to promote warm-up.
- a heater pipe 13 is connected to the bypass pipe 12, and a heater core 14 is provided in the middle of the heater pipe 13.
- the heater core 14 is a heat source for heating the passenger compartment using the heat of the cooling water.
- the air warmed by the heater core 14 is introduced into the vehicle interior by the blower fan 15.
- a heater unit 16 is configured by the heater core 14 and the blower fan 15.
- the heater pipe 13 is provided with an upstream pipe 18 a for supplying cooling water to a thermoelectric generator 17 described later, and between the thermoelectric generator 17 and the reflux pipe 9, the thermoelectric generator 17 to the reflux pipe 9 are provided.
- a downstream pipe 18b for discharging the cooling water is provided.
- the exhaust system of the engine 1 is provided with a thermoelectric power generation device 17 that recovers the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 and converts the heat energy of the exhaust gas into electrical energy. It is supposed to convert.
- thermoelectric generator 17 is provided outside the inner pipe 21, an exhaust pipe into which exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 is introduced, an inner pipe 21 as a first exhaust pipe, An exhaust pipe that forms a heat receiving passage 22 with the inner pipe 21 and an outer pipe 23 as a second exhaust pipe are provided.
- the upstream end of the inner pipe 21 is connected to the exhaust pipe 4, and a bypass passage 25 through which exhaust gas is introduced from the exhaust pipe 4 is formed inside the inner pipe 21.
- the inner tube 21 is fixed to the outer tube 23 via a support member 24, and the downstream end of the outer tube 23 is connected to the tail pipe 19.
- thermoelectric generator 17 includes a plurality of thermoelectric conversion modules 27 and a cylindrical cooling water pipe 28.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 has a temperature difference due to the Seebeck effect between a heat receiving substrate 29 made of insulating ceramics constituting the high temperature portion and a heat dissipation substrate 30 made of insulating ceramics constituting the low temperature portion.
- a plurality of N-type thermoelectric conversion elements 31 and P-type thermoelectric conversion elements 32 that generate corresponding electromotive forces are installed, and the N-type thermoelectric conversion elements 31 and the P-type thermoelectric conversion elements 32 are alternately arranged via electrodes 33a and 33b. Connected in series. Adjacent thermoelectric conversion modules 27 are electrically connected via wiring 35.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 the heat receiving substrate 29 faces the outer tube 23 and contacts the outer tube 23, and the heat dissipation substrate 30 faces the cooling water tube 28 and contacts the cooling water tube 28. A plurality are installed in the exhaust direction.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 shown in FIG. 3 is simplified.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 supplies electric power to an auxiliary battery, which will be described later, via a cable 34 by performing thermoelectric power generation according to the temperature difference between the heat receiving substrate 29 and the heat radiating substrate 30.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 Since the thermoelectric conversion module 27 has a substantially square plate shape and needs to be in close contact between the outer tube 23 and the cooling water tube 28, the outer tube 23 and the cooling water tube 28 are formed in a polygonal shape. Yes.
- the outer pipe 23 and the cooling water pipe 28 may be circular.
- the heat receiving substrate 29 and the heat radiating substrate 30 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 may be curved.
- the cooling water pipe 28 includes a cooling water introduction part 28a connected to the upstream pipe 18a and a cooling water discharge part 28b connected to the downstream pipe 18b.
- This cooling water pipe 28 has a cooling water introduction part 28a with respect to the cooling water discharge part 28b so that the cooling water W introduced into the cooling water pipe 28 from the cooling water introduction part 28a flows in the same direction as the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas G. Is provided upstream in the exhaust direction.
- a plurality of communication holes 36 as communication portions are formed in the inner tube 21, and the communication holes 36 communicate the bypass passage 25 and the heat receiving passage 22.
- the communication holes 36 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner tube 21.
- the communication holes 36 are not limited to those formed at regular intervals.
- the support member 24 has communication holes 24a formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the support member 24, and the heat receiving passage 22 communicates with the tail pipe 19 through the communication holes 24a.
- the communication holes 24a are not limited to those formed at regular intervals.
- the inner pipe 21 is provided with an on-off valve 26.
- the on-off valve 26 is provided at the downstream end of the inner pipe 21, and is rotatably attached to the outer pipe 23 so as to open and close the inner pipe 21. ing.
- the on-off valve 26 is opened and closed by an actuator 37 (see FIG. 4) as an opening / closing control means.
- the actuator 37 is controlled by an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 41, and the actuator 37 controls the opening / closing valve 26 based on an opening / closing signal from the ECU 41.
- ECU Electronic Control Unit
- the ECU 41 includes an electronic control circuit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 42, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 43, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 44, an input / output interface 45, and the like.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the CPU 42 detects the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the operation state diagnosis program stored in the ROM 43.
- the ROM 43 stores an operating state diagnosis program, and the RAM 44 temporarily stores data and constitutes a work area.
- the engine 1 is provided with an alternator 47 that charges an auxiliary battery 46 as a battery.
- the alternator 47 is driven by the engine 1 to generate electric power.
- the auxiliary battery 46 is charged.
- the engine 1 is provided with a water temperature sensor 48.
- the water temperature sensor 48 detects the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the engine 1 and outputs detection information to the ECU 41.
- the water temperature sensor 48 may be provided in the heater pipe 13 or the like.
- the exhaust pipe 4 is provided with a temperature sensor 54.
- the temperature sensor 54 detects the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged to the exhaust pipe 4 and outputs detection information to the ECU 41.
- the vehicle is provided with a vehicle speed sensor 49.
- the vehicle speed sensor 49 is composed of, for example, a wheel speed sensor that detects the speed of the wheel of the vehicle, and outputs a detection signal to the ECU 41 by detecting the wheel speed. It is supposed to do.
- the ECU 41 acquires the vehicle speed based on the detection signal from the vehicle speed sensor 49, and calculates the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle based on the change in the vehicle speed per unit time.
- the engine 1 is provided with a rotation speed sensor 50.
- the rotation speed sensor 50 detects the rotation speed of the crankshaft of the engine 1, for example, and outputs a signal corresponding to the engine rotation speed to the ECU 41. It is supposed to be.
- the cable 34 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is connected to the auxiliary battery 46 via the DCDC converter 51, and the DCDC converter 51 adjusts the direct current voltage output from the thermoelectric conversion module 27 to adjust the auxiliary battery 46. By applying the voltage to the auxiliary battery 46, the auxiliary battery 46 is charged.
- the ECU 41 controls the opening / closing of the on-off valve 26 by driving the actuator 37 based on the engine speed output from the speed sensor 50.
- the ECU 41 transmits a close signal to the actuator 37, and the actuator 37 moves the on-off valve 26 to the closed position as shown by a solid line in FIG. By doing so, the inner tube 21 is closed. At this time, the exhaust gas introduced into the inner pipe 21 is introduced into the heat receiving passage 22 through the communication hole 36.
- the ECU 41 transmits an open signal to the actuator 37, and the actuator 37 moves the open / close valve 26 to the open position as shown by a broken line in FIG. 21 is released.
- the thermoelectric power generation device 17 can prevent the exhaust gas from increasing in back pressure and prevent the exhaust performance from deteriorating.
- the auxiliary battery 46 is provided with a voltage sensor 52, which detects the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 and corresponds to the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46. A detection signal is output to the ECU 41.
- the ECU 41 detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the change in the electrical characteristic value of the auxiliary battery 46 when the amount of exhaust gas transmitted to the heat receiving substrate 29, that is, the amount of heat of the exhaust gas is varied.
- the operation state detection process is performed, and the operation state detection means is configured together with the voltage sensor 52.
- the ECU 41 outputs an abnormal signal to the warning lamp 53 when a malfunction of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 occurs.
- the warning lamp 53 receives an abnormal signal from the ECU 41, the warning lamp 53 is lit or blinked to warn the driver.
- the voltage value of auxiliary battery 46 constitutes an electrical characteristic value. Further, the warning lamp 53 may warn by a sound such as a buzzer or a voice.
- cooling water is returned to the engine 1 through the bypass pipe 12 without passing through the radiator 7, whereby the warm-up operation is performed.
- the ECU 41 When the engine 1 is cold started, for example, since the engine 1 is idling and the pressure of the exhaust gas is low, the ECU 41 outputs a close signal to the actuator 37 to close the on-off valve 26.
- the exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust pipe 4 into the bypass passage 25 of the inner pipe 21 is introduced into the heat receiving passage 22, and the cooling water flowing through the cooling water pipe 28 is heated by the exhaust gas passing through the heat receiving passage 22,
- the engine 1 is warmed up. Further, in the low / medium rotation range of the engine 1 after the engine 1 has been warmed up, the ECU 41 outputs a close signal to the actuator 37, so that the on-off valve 26 is closed.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 Since the exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust pipe 4 into the bypass passage 25 of the inner pipe 21 is introduced into the heat receiving passage 22, the thermal energy of the exhaust gas is efficiently converted into electric energy by the thermoelectric conversion module 27.
- the ECU 41 outputs an open signal to the actuator 37 and releases the on-off valve 26.
- the on-off valve 26 is released in the high rotation range of the engine 1, the back pressure of the exhaust gas flowing through the bypass passage 25 does not increase, and the exhaust performance of the exhaust gas can be prevented from deteriorating. it can.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 Next, the operation state diagnosis process of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 will be described based on the flowchart shown in FIG. Note that the flowchart of the operation state diagnosis program shown in FIG. 5 is an operation state diagnosis program stored in the ROM 43, and this operation state diagnosis program is executed by the CPU 42.
- the operating state diagnosis program includes an operating state detection process.
- the CPU 42 determines whether or not the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is equal to or higher than the minimum level value based on the detection signal from the voltage sensor 52 (step S1). If the CPU 42 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is less than the minimum level value, the CPU 42 determines that the battery of the auxiliary battery 46 is likely to run out, and does not execute the operating state detection process this time. The process ends. If the CPU 42 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is equal to or higher than the minimum level value, the CPU 42 determines whether or not the vehicle is in steady running based on detection information from the vehicle speed sensor 49 (step S2).
- the CPU 42 determines that the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating, the CPU 42 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is unstable, and performs the current process without executing the operating state detection process. finish. If the CPU 42 determines that the vehicle is in steady running, the CPU 42 determines that the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is in a stable state and determines the temperature of the exhaust gas based on detection information from the temperature sensor 54. Is determined to be equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature (step S3).
- the CPU 42 determines that the temperature of the exhaust gas is lower than the predetermined temperature, the CPU 42 ends the current process without executing the operation state detection process. That is, when the temperature of the exhaust gas is low, the temperature of the exhaust gas transmitted to the heat receiving substrate 29 of the thermoelectric generator 17 is low, that is, the amount of heat of the exhaust gas is small and the power generation amount of the thermoelectric generator 17 is low.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 cannot be accurately determined.
- the CPU 42 does not perform the operation state detection process of the thermoelectric conversion module 27.
- the CPU 42 determines whether or not the water temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature based on the detection information from the water temperature sensor 48 (step S4).
- the CPU 42 determines that the temperature of the water temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the CPU 42 determines that the cooling water temperature supplied to the engine 1 is high and the engine 1 is likely to be overheated. The current process is terminated without performing the state detection process.
- the CPU 42 determines that the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the predetermined temperature, the CPU 42 stops power generation by the alternator 47 (step S5), and then outputs an open signal to the actuator 37 to force the on-off valve 26. The valve is opened automatically (step S6).
- the exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust pipe 4 to the inner pipe 21 is not introduced into the heat receiving passage 22 but is discharged to the tail pipe 19 through the inner pipe 21.
- the CPU 42 monitors the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 for a predetermined time indicated by B in FIG. 6 based on the detection information from the voltage sensor 52 (step S7), and outputs a close signal to the actuator 37 after the predetermined time has elapsed. By doing so, the on-off valve 26 is forcibly closed (step S8).
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 power generation by the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is performed.
- the CPU 42 forcibly closes the on-off valve 26 and forcibly closes the on-off valve 26 from a state where the exhaust gas is not introduced into the heat receiving passage 22, and exhausts the exhaust gas into the heat receiving passage 22.
- the amount of exhaust gas transmitted to the heat receiving substrate 29 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27, that is, the amount of heat of the exhaust gas is varied.
- the CPU 42 stores in the RAM 44 the voltage value of the battery at the time when the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state based on the detection information from the voltage sensor 52, and uses the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 as a threshold value. Set (step S9).
- the CPU 42 determines whether or not the monitored battery voltage value is equal to or greater than the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 after the on-off valve 26 is shifted from the open state to the closed state ( Step S10).
- This determination period is a fixed time indicated by A in FIG. 6, and the battery voltage value and the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 are compared a plurality of times during this fixed time.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 When the CPU 42 determines that the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the thermoelectric conversion module 27 operates normally and is compensated by power generation by the thermoelectric conversion module 27 as shown by a solid line in FIG. It is determined that the charging state of the machine battery 46 is normal, and the current process is terminated.
- the CPU 42 determines that the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is less than the threshold value, the CPU 42 has a failure of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 due to the disconnection of the cable 34 or the wiring 35, or the N-type thermoelectric conversion element 31 or the P-type. It is determined that a malfunction of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 occurs due to deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion element 32 and the charge state of the auxiliary battery 46 due to power generation by the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is abnormal as indicated by a broken line in FIG.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 If the CPU 42 determines that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning, it outputs an abnormal signal to the warning lamp 53 (step S11), and ends the current process.
- steps S5 to S11 correspond to the operating state detection process.
- thermoelectric power generation device 17 is provided with the inner pipe 21 in which the bypass passage 25 into which the exhaust gas discharged from the engine 1 is introduced, and the inner pipe 21 are provided coaxially.
- the heat receiving passage 22 into which the exhaust gas is introduced together with the heat receiving substrate 21 is formed, and the outer tube 23 facing the heat receiving substrate 29 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 and the inner tube 21 are connected to communicate the bypass passage 25 and the heat receiving passage 22.
- a hole 36, an opening / closing valve 26 that opens and closes the inner tube 21, and an actuator 37 that controls opening / closing of the opening / closing valve 26 are provided in the outer tube 23.
- the CPU 42 drives the actuator 37 to control opening and closing of the on-off valve 26, thereby switching the exhaust gas exhaust path to the bypass path 25 and the heat receiving path 22, thereby varying the amount of exhaust gas flowing through the heat receiving path 22.
- the amount of heat transmitted to the heat receiving substrate 29 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is varied, the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 output from the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is monitored, and the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is detected. .
- the operating state detecting means can be constituted by the ECU 41 and the voltage sensor 52, and the operating state detecting means can be simplified, so that a failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is performed based on the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46. It can be judged with high accuracy.
- the CPU 42 of the present embodiment detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the change in the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state.
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 does not increase after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state, it can be detected that a failure or deterioration of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 has occurred.
- the CPU 42 of the present embodiment compares the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state with a threshold value, and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is less than the threshold value. Furthermore, it is determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning.
- the operation failure of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 can be accurately detected based on the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46. Can be judged.
- step S5 the ECU 41 according to the present embodiment proceeds to step S5 and detects the operation state from step S5 to step S11 on condition that the vehicle is in steady running or the temperature of the exhaust gas is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. Processing is in progress.
- thermoelectric conversion is performed by performing the operation state detection process during steady running of the vehicle in which the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 is stable or when the exhaust gas temperature at which the thermoelectric conversion module 27 generates a large amount of power is high.
- the detection accuracy of the operating state of the module 27 can be improved.
- the ECU 41 of the present embodiment stops power generation other than the thermoelectric conversion module 27 during the operation state detection process, and changes in the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 that stores the electric power generated by the thermoelectric conversion module 27. Based on the above, a change in the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is detected.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 only the electric power from the thermoelectric conversion module 27 can be stored in the auxiliary battery 46, and the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 can be reliably detected based on the change in the electrical characteristic value of the auxiliary battery 46. . Therefore, the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 can be detected without using a plurality of sensors as in the conventional case, and the configuration of the operation state detection means can be simplified.
- thermoelectric generator 17 is applied to a hybrid vehicle that includes an internal combustion engine and an electric motor and has a high-voltage battery that stores electric power of the electric motor.
- the process of step S5 is a process of stopping charging the auxiliary battery 46 by the high voltage battery.
- the CPU 42 of the present embodiment sets the voltage value of the battery at the time when the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state based on the detection information from the voltage sensor 52 as a threshold value, and the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 When the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is less than the threshold value by comparing the value with the threshold value, it is determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a map in which a change in the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state when the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is normal is created with respect to the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46.
- the change in voltage value may be used as a threshold value.
- the CPU 42 compares the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 input from the voltage sensor 52 and the threshold value after switching the open / close valve 26 from the open state to the closed state, and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 becomes less than the threshold value. In this case, it can be determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning. Further, a map is created in which the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is associated with the change in the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state when the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning. The change in voltage value may be used as a threshold value.
- the CPU 42 compares the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 input from the voltage sensor 52 and the threshold value after switching the open / close valve 26 from the open state to the closed state, and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value. In this case, it can be determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is normal. Further, in the present embodiment, the CPU 42 detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46, but the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 may be directly detected.
- the CPU 42 sets an arbitrary threshold when the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state, and determines that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is operating normally when the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is equal to or greater than the threshold.
- the threshold value is set to zero.
- the threshold value and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 are compared. However, the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state without providing the threshold value. You may detect the malfunction of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the variation
- the CPU 42 detects a change in the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 from the time when the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state, and the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 tends to increase. In this case, it may be determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is operating normally, and if the voltage value of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 tends to decrease, it may be determined that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams showing a second embodiment of the thermoelectric generator according to the present invention. Since the hardware configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the hardware configuration is the same as the first embodiment. This will be described with reference to the drawings of the embodiment.
- the present embodiment is characterized in that the CPU 42 detects the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the change of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the closed state to the open state.
- the CPU 42 closes the on-off valve 26 by outputting a close signal to the actuator 37 after stopping the power generation of the alternator 47 in step S5 of FIG. 7 (step S16).
- the exhaust gas introduced into the inner pipe 21 from the exhaust pipe 4 is introduced into the heat receiving passage 22 through the communication hole 36, and the amount of heat of the exhaust gas transmitted to the heat dissipation substrate 30 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 increases.
- the CPU 42 stores the voltage value of the battery when the on-off valve 26 is switched from the open state to the closed state in the RAM 44, and sets a threshold value based on the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 (step S17).
- the CPU 42 monitors the voltage of the auxiliary battery 46 for a certain time indicated by B1 in FIG. 8 based on the detection information from the voltage sensor 52 (step S18), and outputs an open signal to the actuator 37 after the lapse of the certain time. By doing so, the on-off valve 26 is forcibly opened (step S19). Therefore, the exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust pipe 4 into the inner pipe 21 is discharged from the inner pipe 21 to the tail pipe 19 without being introduced into the heat receiving passage 22.
- the CPU 42 determines whether or not the monitored battery voltage value is equal to or greater than the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 (step S20). This determination period is a fixed time indicated by A1 in FIG. 8, and during this fixed time A, the battery voltage value is compared with the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 a plurality of times.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 when the thermoelectric conversion module 27 operates normally, the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 increases as indicated by a solid line during B1 of FIG. 8, and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 increases during A1. Decrease.
- step S20 the CPU 42 compares the battery voltage value with the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 during A1, and if it is determined that the battery voltage value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is normal. It is determined that there is, and this process is terminated.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 fails or deteriorates, the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 decreases as indicated by the broken line during B1 in FIG. 8, and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 decreases during A1. It continues to decrease further.
- step S20 the CPU 42 compares the battery voltage value with the threshold value stored in the RAM 44 during A1, and determines that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is malfunctioning if the battery voltage value is less than the threshold value. Then, an abnormal signal is output to the warning lamp 53 (step S21), and the current process is terminated.
- the CPU 42 of the present embodiment detects the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 based on the change in the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the closed state to the open state.
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 does not increase after the on-off valve 26 is switched from the closed state to the open state, it can be detected that the thermoelectric conversion module 27 has failed or deteriorated.
- thermoelectric power generation device 17 of each of the above embodiments switches the exhaust gas flow path between the bypass passage 25 and the heat receiving passage 22, thereby reducing the amount of heat of the exhaust gas transmitted to the heat receiving substrate 29 of the thermoelectric power generation device 17.
- it is variable, it is not limited to this.
- the inner pipe 21 and the on-off valve 26 are eliminated, exhaust gas is introduced into the outer pipe 23, and fuel that is supplied to the cylinders of the engine 1 is cut, so-called fuel cut is performed.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced into the pipe 23 may be lowered, and the amount of heat of the exhaust gas may be varied during fuel combustion and fuel cut.
- the operating state detection process is performed by varying the amount of heat of the exhaust gas.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the operating state detection process may be performed by varying the amount of cooling water transmitted to the heat dissipation board 30 which is a low temperature part.
- bypass pipe 61 that communicates the upstream pipe 18a and the downstream pipe 18b and the upstream pipe 18a are provided, and the path through which the cooling water flows is bypassed from the downstream pipe 18b.
- a switching valve 62 that switches to either the pipe 61 is provided.
- the CPU 42 outputs a switching signal to the switching valve 62 to switch the cooling water supply path between the cooling water pipe 28 and the downstream pipe 18b, whereby the amount of cooling water transmitted to the heat dissipation board 30 of the thermoelectric conversion module 27, That is, the operating state of the thermoelectric conversion module 27 is detected based on the change in the electrical characteristic value of the thermoelectric conversion module when the amount of heat of the cooling water is varied.
- thermoelectric conversion module 27 can be determined with high accuracy based on the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46.
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery 46 is detected by the voltage sensor 52 as the electrical characteristic value.
- a sensor for detecting the current and power of the auxiliary battery 46 is provided to A current value or a power value may be detected as the characteristic value.
- thermoelectric power generation device can detect the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module with a simple configuration, and can improve the detection accuracy of the operation state of the thermoelectric conversion module. It has an effect and is useful as a thermoelectric power generation device that detects an operating state of a thermoelectric conversion module that performs thermoelectric power generation based on a temperature difference between a high temperature part and a low temperature part.
- Thermoelectric generator 21 Inner pipe (exhaust pipe, first exhaust pipe) 22 heat receiving passage 23 outer pipe (exhaust pipe, second exhaust pipe) 25 Bypass passage 26 On-off valve 27 Thermoelectric conversion module 28 Cooling water pipe 29 Heat receiving substrate (high temperature part) 30 Heat dissipation substrate (low temperature part) 36 Communication hole (communication part) 37 Actuator (open / close control means) 41 ECU (Operating state detection means) 46 Auxiliary battery 52 Voltage sensor (operation state detection means)
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Abstract
Description
この熱電発電装置は、排気ガス温度の低温時には熱電変換モジュールに伝達される熱量が低いことから熱電変換モジュールの発電量が低下するのに対して、熱電変換モジュールの発電量が大きい排気ガス温度が高温の場合に、作動状態検知処理を実施することによって、熱電変換モジュールの作動状態の検知精度を向上させることができる。
図1~図6は、本発明に係る熱電発電装置の第1の実施の形態を示す図である。
まず、構成を説明する。
図1に示すように、自動車等の車両に搭載される内燃機関としてのエンジン1は、吸気系から供給される空気と燃料供給系から供給される燃料とを適宜の空燃比で混合して成る混合気燃焼室に供給して燃焼させた後、この燃焼に伴って発生する排気ガスを排気系から大気に放出するようになっている。
排気管4上には、2つの触媒5、6が直列に設置されており、この触媒5、6により排気ガスが浄化されるようになっている。
例えば、エンジン1の暖機運転時においてはバイパス管12側の冷却水量が増加されて暖機が促進されるようになっている。
また、熱電発電装置17は、複数の熱電変換モジュール27と筒状の冷却水管28とを備えている。
このとき、内管21に導入された排気ガスが連通孔36を通して受熱通路22に導入される。
このため、熱電発電装置17は、排気ガスの背圧が高くなるのを防止して、排気性能が低下するのを防止することができる。
エンジン1の冷間始動時には、触媒5、6、エンジン1の冷却水の全てが低温(外気温程度)になっている。
また、エンジン1の暖機後のエンジン1の低・中回転域では、ECU41は、アクチュエータ37に閉信号を出力するため、開閉弁26が閉じた状態となる。
CPU42は、補機バッテリ46の電圧が最低レベル値以上と判断すると、車速センサ49からの検知情報に基づいて車両が定常走行であるか否かを判別する(ステップS2)。
また、CPU42は、車両が定常走行であるものと判断した場合には、補機バッテリ46の電圧が安定状態にあるものと判断して、温度センサ54からの検知情報に基づいて排気ガスの温度が所定温度以上であるか否かを判断する(ステップS3)。
したがって、従来のように複数のセンサを用いずに熱電変換モジュール27の作動状態を検知することができ、作動状態検知手段の構成を簡素化することができる。
また、補機バッテリ46の電圧値に対して、熱電変換モジュール27の作動不良時に開閉弁26を開状態から閉状態に切換えた後の補機バッテリ46の電圧値の変化を関連付けたマップを作成し、この電圧値の変化を閾値としてもよい。
また、本実施の形態では、CPU42が、補機バッテリ46の電圧値に基づいて熱電変換モジュール27の作動状態を検知しているが、熱電変換モジュール27の電圧値を直接検知してもよい。
図7、図8は、本発明に係る熱電発電装置の第2の実施の形態を示す図であり、ハード構成は、第1の実施の形態と同一であるため、ハード構成は、第1の実施の形態の図面を用いて説明を行う。
このため、排気管4から内管21に導入された排気ガスが受熱通路22に導入されずに内管21からテールパイプ19に排出される。
例えば、低温部である放熱基板30に伝達される冷却水量を可変させることにより、作動状態検知処理を実施してしてもよい。
17 熱電発電装置
21 内管(排気管、第1の排気管)
22 受熱通路
23 外管(排気管、第2の排気管)
25 バイパス通路
26 開閉弁
27 熱電変換モジュール
28 冷却水管
29 受熱基板(高温部)
30 放熱基板(低温部)
36 連通孔(連通部)
37 アクチュエータ(開閉制御手段)
41 ECU(作動状態検知手段)
46 補機バッテリ(バッテリ)
52 電圧センサ(作動状態検知手段)
Claims (10)
- 高温部および低温部との温度差に応じて熱電発電を行う熱電変換モジュールを備えた熱電発電装置であって、
前記高温部または前記低温部のいずれか一方に伝達される熱量を可変させたときの前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値の変化に基づいて、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動状態を検知する作動状態検知処理を実施する作動状態検知手段を備えたことを特徴とする熱電発電装置。 - 前記高温部は、内燃機関から排出された排気ガスが導入される排気管に対向して設けられ、
前記作動状態検知手段は、前記排気管を流れる排気ガス量を可変させたときの前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値の変化に基づいて、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動状態を検知することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱電発電装置。 - 前記排気管が、内燃機関から排出された排気ガスが導入されるバイパス通路が形成された第1の排気管と、前記第1の排気管と同軸上に設けられ、前記第1の排気管と共に排気ガスが導入される受熱通路を形成し、前記熱電変換モジュールの高温部が対向する第2の排気管と、前記バイパス通路と前記受熱通路とを連通する連通部とを含んで構成され、
前記第1の排気管を開閉する開閉弁と、前記開閉弁を開閉制御する開閉制御手段とを設け、
前記作動状態検知手段が、前記開閉制御手段を駆動して前記開閉弁を開閉制御して排気ガスの排気経路を前記バイパス通路と前記受熱通路とに切換えることにより、前記受熱通路を流れる排気ガス量を可変させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の熱電発電装置。 - 前記作動状態検知手段は、前記開閉弁が開状態から閉状態に切換え後の前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値の変化に基づいて、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動状態を検知することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記作動状態検知手段は、前記開閉弁が開状態から閉状態に切換えられた後の前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値を閾値と比較し、前記電気的特性値が前記閾値未満の場合に、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動不良と判断することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記作動状態検知手段は、前記開閉弁が開状態から閉状態に切換えられた後の前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値を閾値と比較し、前記電気的特性値が前記閾値以上の場合に、前記熱電変換モジュールが正常作動と判断することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記作動状態検知手段は、前記作動状態検知処理の実施中に前記熱電変換モジュール以外の発電を中止し、前記熱電変換モジュールによって発電された電力を蓄電するバッテリの電圧値の変化に基づいて、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動状態を検知することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1の請求項に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記作動状態検知手段は、排気ガスの温度が所定温度以上であるを条件として、前記作動状態検知処理を実施することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1の請求項に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記作動状態検知手段は、車両が定常走行であることを条件として、前記作動状態検知処理を実施することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の熱電発電装置。
- 前記低温部が、内燃機関を冷却する冷却水が流通する冷却水管に対向して設けられ、
前記作動状態検知手段が、前記冷却水管を流れる冷却水量を可変させたときの前記熱電変換モジュールの電気的特性値の変化に基づいて、前記熱電変換モジュールの作動状態を検知することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱電発電装置。
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CN201280067290.0A CN104053880A (zh) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | 热电发电装置 |
PCT/JP2012/000239 WO2013108287A1 (ja) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | 熱電発電装置 |
JP2013554066A JP5835353B2 (ja) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | 熱電発電装置 |
US14/368,994 US20140318481A1 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Thermoelectric power generating device |
EP12865940.6A EP2806131A4 (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION DEVICE |
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EP (1) | EP2806131A4 (ja) |
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JP2018026533A (ja) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社デンソー | 電子制御装置 |
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JPWO2013108287A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
JP5835353B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
EP2806131A4 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
US20140318481A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
EP2806131A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN104053880A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
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