WO2013054931A1 - 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054931A1 WO2013054931A1 PCT/JP2012/076548 JP2012076548W WO2013054931A1 WO 2013054931 A1 WO2013054931 A1 WO 2013054931A1 JP 2012076548 W JP2012076548 W JP 2012076548W WO 2013054931 A1 WO2013054931 A1 WO 2013054931A1
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- porous polypropylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous polypropylene film and an electricity storage device using the same.
- Polypropylene films are used in various applications such as industrial materials, packaging materials, optical materials, and electrical materials due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties.
- This polypropylene film has voids and is made porous. In addition to the properties of a polypropylene film, it has excellent properties such as permeability and low specific gravity. Development into a wide range of applications, such as membranes, clothing, moisture-permeable waterproof membranes in medical applications, reflectors for flat panel displays, and thermal transfer recording sheets, is being considered.
- Porous methods can be broadly classified into wet methods and dry methods.
- the wet method polypropylene is used as the matrix resin, the extractables to be extracted after sheeting are added and mixed, and only the additives are extracted using the good solvent of the extractables, creating voids in the matrix resin.
- Various methods have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1). When this method is used, the resin viscosity at the time of extrusion can be reduced by containing a solvent, and film formation with a high molecular weight raw material becomes possible, so that mechanical properties such as piercing strength and tensile strength are improved.
- the solvent extraction process requires time and labor, and it is difficult to improve productivity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a porous polypropylene film that is excellent in safety and heat resistance and has a low air resistance, and an electric storage device using the same.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present invention has a polypropylene resin as a main component, has a Gurley gas resistance of 1,000 seconds / 100 ml or less, and is 150 in an electrolytic solution.
- the area shrinkage after heating at 10 ° C. for 10 minutes is 10% or less
- the shrinkage in the longitudinal direction after heating at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in the electrolyte is T MD (%)
- the shrinkage in the width direction is T TD (%).
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is excellent in safety, heat resistance, and gas permeability, and thus exhibits excellent ionic conductivity suitable for a power storage device separator, and is also suitable as a separator having excellent safety. Can be used for
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has pores that penetrate through both surfaces of the film and have air permeability (hereinafter referred to as through-holes), and has a polypropylene resin as a main component.
- the “main component” means that the proportion of a specific component in all components is 50% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and still more preferably. It means that it is 95% by mass or more, and that it may be 100% by mass.
- a wet method or a dry method may be used, but a dry method is desirable because the process can be simplified, and in particular, the film is biaxially oriented, and the heat shrinkage rate in the film forming direction is It is preferable to use the ⁇ crystal method from the viewpoint of a good balance of heat shrinkage in the width direction.
- the ⁇ crystal forming ability of the porous polypropylene film is preferably 40% or more. If the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is less than 40%, the amount of ⁇ -crystals is small at the time of film production, so the number of voids formed in the film is reduced by utilizing the transition to ⁇ -crystal, and as a result, only a film with low permeability is obtained. It may not be possible.
- the upper limit of ⁇ -crystal forming ability is not particularly limited, but it exceeds 99.9% by adding a large amount of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent described later or the stereoregulation of the polypropylene resin to be used. The industrial practical value is low, for example, the film forming stability is lowered. Industrially, the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is preferably 65 to 99.9%, particularly preferably 70 to 95%.
- a polypropylene resin with a high isotactic index is used, or a ⁇ crystal is selectively formed by adding it to a polypropylene resin called a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent.
- the crystallization nucleating agent to be used is preferably used as an additive.
- Examples of ⁇ crystal nucleating agents include alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids such as calcium 1,2-hydroxystearate and magnesium succinate, and N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide.
- Amide compounds such as 3,9-bis [4- (N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl) phenyl] -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane, benzenesulfonic acid
- aromatic sulfonic acid compounds such as sodium and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, imide carboxylic acid derivatives, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridone pigments.
- amides disclosed in JP-A-5-310665 are preferred.
- the addition amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass, based on the whole polypropylene resin. If it is less than 0.05% by mass, formation of ⁇ crystals becomes insufficient, and the air permeability of the porous polypropylene film may be lowered. When it exceeds 0.5 mass%, when a coarse void is formed and used for a power storage device separator, battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics may deteriorate.
- the polypropylene resin constituting the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as MFR, measurement conditions are 230 ° C., 2.16 kg) in the range of 2 to 30 g / 10 minutes. It is preferable that it is an isotactic polypropylene resin.
- MFR melt flow rate
- measurement conditions are 230 ° C., 2.16 kg
- it is an isotactic polypropylene resin.
- the MFR is less than 2 g / 10 minutes, the melt viscosity of the resin becomes high and high-precision filtration becomes difficult, and the quality of the film may be lowered.
- the MFR exceeds 30 g / 10 min, the molecular weight becomes too low, so that the film is easily broken during stretching, and the productivity may be lowered. More preferably, the MFR is 3 to 20 g / 10 minutes.
- the isotactic index is preferably 90 to 99.9%. If the isotactic index is less than 90%, the crystallinity of the resin is low, and it may be difficult to achieve high air permeability.
- a homopolypropylene resin can be used, as well as an ethylene component in polypropylene from the viewpoint of stability in film forming process, film forming property, and uniformity of physical properties. It is also possible to use a resin obtained by copolymerizing an ⁇ -olefin component such as, butene, hexene, octene or the like in an amount of 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2.5% by mass or less.
- the form of introduction of the comonomer (copolymerization component) into polypropylene may be either random copolymerization or block copolymerization.
- the above-mentioned polypropylene resin preferably contains a high molecular weight polypropylene in the range of 0.5 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint of improving safety and improving film forming property.
- the high molecular weight polypropylene is a polypropylene having an MFR of 0.1 to 2 g / 10 min.
- polypropylene resin D101 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., or polypropylene resins E111G, B241, E105GM manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the above-mentioned polypropylene resin preferably contains a low melting point polypropylene in the range of 0.5 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint of improving safety and improving film forming property.
- the low melting point polypropylene is a polypropylene having a melting point Tm of 130 to 150 ° C., for example, polypropylene resin S131 or FS3611 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the above-mentioned polypropylene resin contains a high melt tension polypropylene in a range of 0.5 to 5% by mass from the viewpoint of improving safety and improving film forming property.
- High melt tension polypropylene is a polypropylene resin whose tension in the molten state is increased by mixing a high molecular weight component or a component having a branched structure into the polypropylene resin or by copolymerizing a long-chain branched component with polypropylene.
- This high melt tension polypropylene is commercially available, and for example, polypropylene resins PF814, PF633, and PF611 manufactured by Basell, polypropylene resin WB130HMS manufactured by Borealis, and polypropylene resins D114 and D206 manufactured by Dow can be used.
- the polypropylene resin used in the present embodiment contains 80 to 99 parts by mass of polypropylene from the viewpoint of improving the void formation efficiency during biaxial stretching, improving the air permeability due to the uniform opening of the holes and increasing the hole diameter. It is preferable to make a mixture of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin copolymer in a mass ratio of 20 to 1 part by mass.
- examples of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer include linear low-density polyethylene and ultra-low-density polyethylene, and among them, a copolymer polyethylene obtained by copolymerizing octene-1 and having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C.
- a resin (copolymerized PE resin) can be preferably used.
- the copolymerized polyethylene include commercially available resins such as “Engage (registered trademark)” (type names: 8411, 8452, 8100, etc.) manufactured by Dow Chemical.
- the copolymer polyethylene resin preferably contains 10% by mass or less of the porosity and average through-hole diameter described below when the entire polypropylene resin constituting the film according to the present embodiment is 100% by mass. It is preferable because it is easy to control. From the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the film, it is more preferably from 0.1 to 7% by mass, and more preferably from 1 to 2.5% by mass.
- the polypropylene resin used in the present embodiment is added with a dispersant in addition to the above-mentioned ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer from the viewpoint of uniformizing the pore structure and reducing unevenness of the heat shrinkage amount in the film surface. It is preferable. Any dispersant can be used as long as it can increase the dispersibility of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer in the polypropylene resin. As described in International Publication No. 2007/046225, the polypropylene resin and the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be used. The compatibility of the ⁇ -olefin copolymer is good.
- the ethylene / propylene random copolymer generally used as a compatibilizing agent for polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin is dispersed for uniform pore structure in this embodiment. Does not function as an agent.
- a dispersant preferably used in the present embodiment a block copolymer having a highly compatible segment with polypropylene (for example, a polypropylene segment, an ethylene butylene segment) and a highly compatible segment with polyethylene (such as a polyethylene segment), respectively. Coalescence is preferred.
- a resin having such a structure a commercially available resin such as olefin crystal, ethylene butylene, olefin crystal block polymer (hereinafter referred to as CEBC) “DYNARON (registered trademark)” (type name) manufactured by JSR Corporation : Olefin block copolymer "INFUSE OBC (registered trademark)” manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the addition amount of the dispersant is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 33 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- the melting point of the dispersant (C) is ethylene / ⁇ -It is preferably 0 to 60 ° C, more preferably 15 to 30 ° C higher than the melting point of the olefin copolymer (B).
- the polypropylene resin forming the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment is composed of an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a neutralizing agent, an antistatic agent, and inorganic or organic particles as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Various additives such as a lubricant, an antiblocking agent, a filler, and an incompatible polymer may be contained.
- an antioxidant for the purpose of suppressing the oxidative deterioration due to the thermal history of the polypropylene resin, but the amount of the antioxidant added is 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polypropylene composition.
- the amount is preferably 1 part by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 part by mass or less.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment is provided, for example, between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and as a separator in an electricity storage device including a separator that transmits ions in an electrolytic solution while preventing contact between the two. Can be used.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has an area shrinkage ratio of 10% or less after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in an electrolytic solution.
- the area shrinkage is more preferably 0 to 10%, and further preferably 0 to 5%.
- the area shrinkage rate exceeds 10%, in particular, when used as a separator for a laminated or laminated power storage device and the battery becomes high temperature, the area may be smaller than the positive and negative electrodes and short circuit.
- the area shrinkage ratio is the amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer and dispersant added, the temperature of the cast drum, the draw ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, the transverse draw ratio, and the heat treatment step.
- the temperature and time, and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the ranges described later.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a shrinkage ratio in the longitudinal direction after heating in an electrolytic solution at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes as T MD (%) and a shrinkage ratio in the width direction as T TD (%).
- T TD / TMD is 0.5 or more and 5 or less. Outside of the above range, either the longitudinal direction or the width direction, the thermal shrinkage rate of either one of the longitudinal direction or the width direction becomes extremely large compared to the other, and in particular, a laminate type or laminate that may shrink both in the longitudinal direction and the width direction.
- the value of T TD / TMD is more preferably 0.8 or more and 3.5 or less, and further preferably 0.9 or more and 3.0 or less.
- T TD / T MD is or adding a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent and the ethylene ⁇ alpha-olefin copolymer and a dispersing agent as described above, the temperature of the cast drum, longitudinal stretching ratio and temperature, the transverse stretching ratio
- the temperature and time in the heat treatment step and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the ranges described later.
- a direction parallel to the film forming direction is referred to as a film forming direction, a longitudinal direction, or an MD direction, and a direction perpendicular to the film forming direction in the film plane is referred to as a width direction or a TD direction.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has an air resistance of 1,000 seconds / 100 ml or less. More preferred is 50 to 500 seconds / 100 ml, and still more preferred is 80 to 350 seconds / 100 ml. If the air resistance exceeds 1,000 seconds, the output characteristics may deteriorate when used for a separator. Low air permeation resistance is preferable, but if it is less than 50 seconds, the mechanical strength of the film decreases, handling properties decrease, the area shrinkage rate in the electrolyte increases, and the cycle characteristics when used in a separator The battery characteristics such as may deteriorate.
- operating conditions such as longitudinal stretching conditions such as longitudinal stretching ratio and longitudinal stretching temperature, or transverse stretching conditions such as transverse stretching temperature, transverse stretching speed and transverse stretching ratio are changed. Thus, the air resistance can be controlled.
- pores are formed by transverse stretching with a tenter following longitudinal stretching, and a porous polypropylene film can be obtained.
- the transverse stretching process in the tenter can be divided into three processes: a preheating process, a transverse stretching process, and a heat treatment process.
- the film after stretching is thermally fixed and relaxed.
- the relaxation rate of a general film is about 2 to 10%, and the temperature at that time is about (Tm-10) ° C to (Tm-5) ° C, where the melting point of the polypropylene resin is Tm.
- the relaxation rate is set to a high value of 13 to 35%, and the temperature at that time is set to a heat treatment temperature condition of (Tm ⁇ 5) ° C.
- porous polypropylene film with a small heat shrinkage rate in electrolyte solution can be obtained. Further, by performing relaxation in the longitudinal direction after transverse stretching with a tenter and further heat setting, a porous polypropylene film having a small thermal contraction rate in the longitudinal direction in a state containing an organic solvent can be obtained.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment preferably has a film thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 5 ⁇ m, the film may break during use. If the thickness exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the volume ratio of the porous polypropylene film in the electricity storage device becomes too high, and it may not be possible to obtain a high energy density. .
- the film thickness is more preferably 12 to 30 ⁇ m, still more preferably 14 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the porous polypropylene film according to this embodiment preferably has a porosity of 40 to 85%.
- the porosity is less than 40%, the electrical resistance may increase particularly when used as a separator for a high-power battery.
- the porosity exceeds 85%, the amount of resin per thickness decreases and the thermal shrinkage rate may increase.
- the film porosity is more preferably 42 to 75%, and particularly preferably 45 to 70%.
- the porosity is determined by adding the above-mentioned ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer or dispersant, the temperature of the cast drum, the draw ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, the transverse draw ratio, and the heat treatment step. It is possible to control by controlling the temperature and time of each of them and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone within the range described later.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment preferably has a tensile strength in the width direction of 65 MPa or more and 150 MPa or less. If the tensile strength is less than 65 MPa, wrinkles are likely to occur in the transporting process during film formation, and battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics may be deteriorated when used as a separator for an electricity storage device. From the viewpoint of safety, the higher the tensile strength, the better. However, when the tensile strength is high, the output characteristics and the thermal shrinkage in the width direction tend to decrease, and 150 MPa is the upper limit to obtain the effects of the present invention.
- the tensile strength is more preferably 70 MPa or more and 140 MPa or less, and further preferably 75 MPa or more and 130 MPa or less.
- the tensile strength in the width direction can be determined by adding the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer and dispersant described above, the temperature of the cast drum, the draw ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, the transverse draw ratio, heat treatment The temperature and time in the process and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the ranges described later.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a maximum value T max (%) and a minimum value T min when the area shrinkage rate after heating at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in the electrolyte is measured at 45 mm intervals in the width direction.
- T max %
- T min minimum value
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a maximum value T max (%) and a minimum value T min when the area shrinkage rate after heating at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes in the electrolyte is measured at 45 mm intervals in the width direction.
- T max -T min the value of (T max -T min ) exceeds 3%, the unevenness of the thermal shrinkage rate in the width direction is large. Therefore, when the porous polypropylene film is used as a power storage device separator after slitting, the thermal shrinkage for each product.
- the rates are different, and battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics may deteriorate or reliability may decrease.
- the value of (T max ⁇ T min ) will be described later with respect to the addition of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer and dispersant, the temperature of the cast drum, and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone. It can be controlled by setting it within the range.
- (T TDmax ⁇ T TDmin ) is preferably 2% or less. More preferably, it is 1.5% or less.
- the value of (T TDmax -T TDmin ) exceeds 2%, the unevenness of the thermal shrinkage in the width direction is large. Therefore , when the porous polypropylene film is used as a separator for an electricity storage device after slitting, The shrinkage rate is different, and battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics may be reduced or reliability may be reduced.
- T TDmax -T TDmin The value of (T TDmax -T TDmin) will be described later and adding the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent and the ethylene ⁇ alpha-olefin copolymer and a dispersing agent as described above, the temperature of the cast drum, the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone It can be controlled by setting it within the range.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a laminated structure from the viewpoint of obtaining a porous polypropylene film having a low air resistance and a low heat shrinkage rate in the electrolytic solution, and achieving both safety and output characteristics. It is preferable to do.
- As a laminated structure it is preferable that high melt tension polypropylene is included in any layer, and it is preferable that high melt tension polypropylene is included in the surface layer.
- the high melt tension polypropylene is preferably contained in the layer containing the high melt tension polypropylene in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the surface layer contains high melt tension polypropylene, it is not clear why the effect of both safety and output characteristics is achieved, but the surface layer becomes tough, in the electrolyte and at high temperatures. This is thought to be due to the effect of reducing the relaxation of orientation.
- the number of stacked layers may be a two-layer stack, a three-layer stack, or a larger number of stacks.
- the lamination method may be either a feed block method by coextrusion or a method of laminating porous polypropylene films by lamination, but from the viewpoint of productivity, lamination by coextrusion is preferred.
- porous polypropylene film of this invention a method for producing a porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment will be described based on a specific example.
- the manufacturing method of the porous polypropylene film of this invention is not limited to this.
- the polypropylene resin 70 parts by mass of a commercially available homopolypropylene resin having an MFR of 8 g / 10 min, 30 parts by mass of a commercially available homopolypropylene having an MFR of 0.5 g / 10 min, and 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant
- the raw material is supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that the mixture is mixed at this ratio, melt kneaded at 240 ° C., discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank, and chip-shaped To prepare a polypropylene raw material (c).
- polypropylene resin 69.8 parts by mass of a commercially available homopolypropylene resin having an MFR of 8 g / 10 min, 30 parts by mass of a commercially available high melt tension polypropylene, and 0.2 parts by mass of an antioxidant are mixed at this ratio.
- the raw material is fed from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder, melted and kneaded at 240 ° C, discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C water bath, cut into a chip shape, and polypropylene A raw material (d) is prepared.
- the mixture is discharged onto a cast drum from a feed block type B / A / B composite T die to obtain an unstretched laminated cast sheet.
- the surface temperature of the cast drum is preferably 105 to 130 ° C. from the viewpoint of controlling the ⁇ crystal fraction of the cast sheet to be high.
- the forming of the end portion of the sheet affects the subsequent stretchability, and therefore it is preferable that the end portion is sprayed with spot air to be in close contact with the drum. Further, air may be blown over the entire surface using an air knife as necessary from the state in which the entire sheet is in close contact with the drum.
- the cast sheet refers to an unstretched sheet obtained by molding a molten polypropylene resin into a sheet shape on a cast drum.
- the biaxial orientation method includes stretching the cast sheet in the longitudinal direction and then stretching in the width direction, or the successive biaxial stretching method of stretching in the longitudinal direction after stretching in the width direction, or the longitudinal direction and width of the cast sheet.
- a simultaneous biaxial stretching method in which the directions are stretched almost simultaneously can be used.
- the temperature of the cast sheet is controlled to a temperature for stretching in the longitudinal direction.
- a temperature control method a method using a temperature-controlled rotating roll, a method using a hot air oven, or the like can be employed.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction is preferably 90 to 140 ° C. If it is less than 90 degreeC, a cast sheet may fracture
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction is more preferably 100 to 130 ° C., particularly preferably 115 to 125 ° C.
- the draw ratio is preferably 3 to 6 times. If it is less than 3 times, the air permeability is low, and the output characteristics may deteriorate.
- the draw ratio is increased, the air permeability is improved. However, if the draw ratio is increased more than 6 times, the porosity may be too high and the heat shrinkage rate may be increased. From the viewpoint of achieving both high air permeability and low heat shrinkage, the draw ratio is more preferably 4.5 to 5.5.
- the transverse stretching temperature is preferably 130 to 155 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 130 ° C, the sheet stretched in the longitudinal direction may be broken, or the thermal shrinkage in the width direction may be increased and the battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics may be deteriorated. The characteristics may be inferior. From the viewpoint of achieving both air permeability and low heat shrinkage, a more preferred transverse stretching temperature is 140 to 155 ° C.
- the draw ratio in the width direction is preferably 4 to 12 times. If it is less than 4 times, the air permeability may be lowered and the output characteristics may be inferior.
- the draw ratio is more preferably 6.5 to 11 times, and even more preferably 7 to 10 times.
- the transverse stretching speed at this time is preferably 500 to 6,000% / min, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000% / min.
- the area ratio (longitudinal stretching ratio ⁇ lateral stretching ratio) is preferably 30 to 60 times.
- the heat treatment step includes a heat setting zone (hereinafter referred to as HS1 zone) in which heat treatment is performed with the width after transverse stretching, and a relaxation zone (hereinafter referred to as Rx zone) in which heat treatment is performed while relaxing the film by narrowing the width of the tenter.
- HS1 zone heat setting zone
- Rx zone relaxation zone
- the zone is divided into three zones, a heat setting zone (hereinafter referred to as HS2 zone) in which heat treatment is performed with the width after relaxation.
- the temperature of the HS1 zone is preferably 140 to 165 ° C.
- the thermal contraction rate in the width direction in the electrolytic solution may increase.
- the temperature of the HS1 zone exceeds 165 ° C.
- the porous polypropylene film surface is melted and air permeability resistance is increased, and further, the porous polypropylene film contracts in the width direction and breaks in the HS1 zone, Productivity may be reduced.
- the temperature of the HS1 zone is more preferably 140 to 150 ° C.
- the heat treatment time in the HS1 zone is preferably 0.1 second or more and 10 seconds or less, more preferably 3 seconds or more and 8 seconds or less from the viewpoint of achieving both Young's modulus in the width direction and productivity.
- the relaxation rate in the Rx zone is preferably 13 to 35%. If the relaxation rate is less than 13%, the thermal contraction rate in the width direction may increase. On the other hand, if the relaxation rate exceeds 35%, the air permeability may be lowered to deteriorate the output characteristics, or the thickness unevenness in the width direction and the heat shrinkage rate unevenness may be increased. From the viewpoint of achieving both output characteristics and a low heat shrinkage rate, the relaxation rate is more preferably 15 to 25%.
- the temperature of the Rx zone is preferably 155 to 170 ° C.
- the shrinkage stress for relaxation is lowered, and the above-described high relaxation rate may not be achieved or the thermal shrinkage rate in the width direction may be increased.
- the temperature of the Rx zone exceeds 170 ° C., the polymer around the pores may melt due to the high temperature and the air permeability may be lowered.
- the temperature of the Rx zone is more preferably 160 to 165 ° C.
- the relaxation rate in the Rx zone is preferably 100 to 1,000% / min.
- the relaxation rate is less than 100% / min, it is necessary to slow down the film forming rate or lengthen the tenter length, which may be inferior in productivity.
- the relaxation rate exceeds 1,000% / min, the speed at which the film shrinks becomes slower than the speed at which the rail width of the tenter shrinks, the film flutters in the tenter and tears, or the thermal contraction rate unevenness in the width direction May become large or the flatness may be deteriorated.
- the relaxation rate is more preferably 150 to 500% / min.
- the temperature of the HS2 zone is preferably 155 to 165 ° C.
- the thermal shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction and the width direction can be reduced, and further, the thermal shrinkage rate unevenness can be reduced.
- the temperature of the HS2 zone is lower than 155 ° C., the tension of the film after thermal relaxation becomes insufficient, the heat shrinkage rate unevenness in the width direction becomes large or the flatness is deteriorated, or the heat shrinkage in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. The rate may increase.
- the temperature of the HS2 zone exceeds 165 ° C., the polymer around the pores melts due to the high temperature, and the gas permeability may be reduced, resulting in a decrease in output characteristics.
- the temperature of the HS2 zone is more preferably 160 to 165 ° C.
- the film after the heat setting step is removed by slitting the ears gripped by the tenter clip, and wound around the core with a winder to obtain a product.
- the porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment has a low air permeability resistance, a low porosity, and a low heat shrinkage rate. Therefore, the packaging product, sanitary product, agricultural product, building product, medical product, Although it can be used for separation membranes, light diffusion plates, and reflective sheets, it is particularly preferable when used as a separator for an electricity storage device because both output characteristics and safety can be achieved.
- the electricity storage device include a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery, and an electric double layer capacitor such as a lithium ion capacitor.
- an electricity storage device can be repeatedly used by charging and discharging, it can be used as a power supply device for industrial devices, household equipment, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and the like.
- an electricity storage device using a separator using a porous polypropylene film according to the present embodiment is excellent in output characteristics, and thus can be suitably used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for an electric vehicle.
- Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the characteristics of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were measured and evaluated by the following methods.
- the present invention is not limited to these.
- ⁇ -crystal forming ability 5 mg of a porous polypropylene film was taken as a sample in an aluminum pan and measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (Seiko Denshi Kogyo RDC220).
- the temperature is raised from room temperature to 260 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (first run) in a nitrogen atmosphere, held for 10 minutes, and then cooled to 40 ° C. at 10 ° C./min.
- the melting peak observed when the temperature is raised again (second run) at 10 ° C / min after holding for 5 minutes is the melting peak of 145 ° C to 157 ° C.
- the melting of the ⁇ crystal is the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal
- the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal is taken as the melting peak of the base
- ⁇ crystal forming ability The heat of fusion was calibrated using indium.
- ⁇ crystal forming ability (%) [ ⁇ H ⁇ / ( ⁇ H ⁇ + ⁇ H ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- the ⁇ crystal fraction in the state of the sample can be calculated by calculating the abundance ratio of the ⁇ crystal from the melting peak observed in the first run.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) is coated on one side of the Al foil, and the positive electrode capacity is 1.5 mAh / cm 2 (available from Hosen Co., Ltd.) (Thickness: 40 ⁇ m) was cut into a square of 50 mm in the longitudinal direction and 50 mm in the width direction. Further, a natural spherical graphite is coated on one side of the Cu foil, and a negative electrode having a plate capacity of 1.6 mAh / cm 2 (available from Hosen Co., Ltd., thickness: 50 ⁇ m) is a square having a length of 50 mm and a width of 50 mm. Cut out.
- the porous polypropylene film was cut into a square of 45 mm in the longitudinal direction and 45 mm in the width direction. And the length of each side of the cut-out porous polypropylene film in the longitudinal direction and the width direction is measured using a digital caliper or a measuring instrument capable of measuring up to the second decimal place in the evaluation accuracy, and the longitudinal length L MD1 ( mm) and the length L TD1 (mm) in the width direction.
- Each side is parallel to each other in the order of the negative electrode, the porous polypropylene film, and the positive electrode from the bottom so that the coated surface of the positive electrode active material (LiCoO 2 ) and the coated surface of the negative electrode active material (graphite) face each other.
- the prepared model cell was aged for 24 hours at room temperature, and then heated in an oven heated to 150 ° C. for 10 minutes. After taking out from oven and cooling at normal temperature for 1 hour, the cell was disassembled and the porous polypropylene film was taken out. The dimension of the portion with the shortest length was measured in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the taken out porous polypropylene film, and the length L MD2 (mm) in the longitudinal direction and the length L TD2 (mm) in the width direction were obtained. The shrinkage rate was calculated based on the following formula.
- the sample for measurement was cut out over the entire width of the porous polypropylene film with a 45 mm width sample from one end to the other end in the width direction of the porous polypropylene film with a center line interval of 45 mm.
- a 45 mm square sample in contact with the other end was taken from a site adjacent in the longitudinal direction and used as a sample.
- the area shrinkage rate, the shrinkage rate in the longitudinal direction, and the shrinkage rate in the width direction were measured, and the average value in each measurement sample was taken as the respective shrinkage rate.
- the maximum area shrinkage rate in each measurement sample was T max
- the minimum area shrinkage rate was T min .
- the dimension of the shortest part is L TD2 (mm), and the dimension of the longest part is L TD3. (Mm) and calculated based on the following formula.
- Shrinkage rate T TDmax (%) (L TD1 ⁇ L TD2 ) / L TD1 ⁇ 100
- Shrinkage rate T TDmin (%) (L TD1 ⁇ L TD3 ) / L TD1 ⁇ 100
- MFR Melt flow rate
- Air permeability resistance A square having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm was cut from a porous polypropylene film and used as a sample. Using a JIS P 8117 (1998) B-type Gurley tester, the permeation time of 100 ml of air was measured at 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The measurement was performed three times with different samples, and the average value of the permeation time was defined as the air permeability of the film. In addition, it can confirm that the through-hole is formed in the film that this air permeability value is a finite value.
- Porosity A porous polypropylene film was cut into a size of 30 mm ⁇ 40 mm and used as a sample. Using an electronic hydrometer (SD-120L manufactured by Mirage Trading Co., Ltd.), the specific gravity was measured in an atmosphere having a room temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The measurement was performed three times, and the average value was defined as the specific gravity ⁇ of the film.
- SD-120L manufactured by Mirage Trading Co., Ltd.
- the measured film was hot-pressed at 280 ° C. and 5 MPa, and then rapidly cooled with water at 25 ° C. to prepare a sheet from which pores were completely erased.
- the specific gravity of this sheet was measured in the same manner as described above, and the average value was defined as the specific gravity (d) of the resin.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a discharge capacity of 1.5 mAh / cm 2 per unit area is punched into a circle having a diameter of 15.9 mm. It was. A natural graphite negative electrode having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a discharge capacity of 1.6 mAh / cm 2 per unit area was punched into a circle having a diameter of 16.2 mm. Furthermore, a porous polypropylene film was punched out to a diameter of 16.8 mm.
- the coating surface of the positive electrode active material and the coating surface of the negative electrode active material are opposed to each other, the negative electrode, the porous polypropylene film, and the positive electrode are stacked in this order from the bottom, and a small stainless steel container with a lid (manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.) , HS cell, spring pressure 1 kgf).
- a small stainless steel container with a lid manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.
- HS cell spring pressure 1 kgf
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were arrange
- the container and the lid were insulated, and the container was in contact with the negative electrode copper foil and the lid was in contact with the positive electrode aluminum foil.
- naphthalene dicarboxyamide manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., NU-100
- IRGANOX 1010 and IRGAFOS 168 made by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which are antioxidants.
- the raw materials were supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so as to be mixed at this ratio, and melt kneading was performed at 300 ° C. Then, the melt-kneaded material was discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a water bath at 25 ° C., and cut into a chip shape to obtain a polypropylene composition (I).
- the raw materials were supplied, and melt kneading was performed at 240 ° C. Then, the melt-kneaded material was discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a water bath at 25 ° C., and cut into a chip shape to obtain a polypropylene composition (III).
- polypropylene resin 69.8 parts by mass of homopolypropylene FLX80E4 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. having a melting point of 165 ° C. and an MFR of 7.5 g / 10 min, and 30 mass of Basell polypropylene PF-814 which is a high melt tension polypropylene resin are used.
- the raw material is fed from the weighing hopper to the twin-screw extruder so that 0.1 parts by mass of each part and 0.1 parts by mass of IRGANOX1010 and IRGAFOS168 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which are antioxidants, are mixed at this ratio. Melt kneading was performed.
- the melt-kneaded material was discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank, and cut into a chip shape to obtain a polypropylene composition (IV).
- a feed block type B / The A / B composite T die was laminated at a thickness ratio of 1/8/1 and discharged onto a cast drum whose surface temperature was controlled at 120 ° C. to obtain a cast sheet.
- preheating was performed using a ceramic roll heated to 120 ° C., and the cast sheet was stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 120 ° C.
- the sheet stretched in the longitudinal direction was introduced into a tenter-type stretching machine by gripping the end with a clip, preheated at 155 ° C. for 3 seconds, and then stretched 8.4 times at 150 ° C. to obtain a film. .
- the distance between the clips in the width direction at the entrance of the tenter was 150 mm.
- the film was heat treated at 150 ° C. for 3 seconds while maintaining the distance between the stretched clips (HS1 zone), and further relaxed at 164 ° C. and a relaxation rate of 20% (Rx zone). Heat treatment was performed at 164 ° C. for 5 seconds while keeping the distance (HS2 zone).
- the ears of the film held by the tenter clip were removed by slitting, and the porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm was wound around the core by a winder by 500 m to obtain a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- Melt index: 18 g / 10 min) is 30 parts by mass
- CEBC DYNARON 6200P manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd.
- IRGANOX 1010 and IRGAFOS 168 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals are antioxidants.
- the raw material was supplied from the measuring hopper to the twin screw extruder so that 1 part by mass was mixed at this ratio, and melt kneading was performed at 240 ° C. Then, the melt-kneaded material was discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a water bath at 25 ° C., and cut into a chip shape to obtain a polypropylene raw material (V).
- melt extrusion is performed at 220 ° C.
- a feed block type B / The A / B composite T die was laminated at a thickness ratio of 1/8/1 and discharged onto a cast drum whose surface temperature was controlled at 120 ° C. to obtain a cast sheet. Except this, under the same conditions as in Example 1, a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 3 For Example 2, heat treatment was performed at 162 ° C. for 15 seconds while relaxing the film in the longitudinal direction at a relaxation rate of 5% using the difference in speed between the stenter and the winder after the HS2 zone. Except this, under the same conditions as in Example 2, a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 4 For Example 1, preheating was performed using a ceramic roll heated to 114 ° C., and the cast sheet was stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction. Except this, under the same conditions as in Example 1, a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 1 Film formation was performed according to the following method described as Example 1 in JP-A-2008-248231.
- a polypropylene resin 94 parts by mass of homopolypropylene WF836DG3 (MFR: 7 g / 10 min, isotactic index: 97%) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., high melt tension homopolypropylene Pro-fax PF814 (MFR: 2) manufactured by Basell 1.5 g / 10 min, isotactic index: 97%) and 5 parts by mass of Engage 8411 (melt index: 18 g / 10 min) manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., which is an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide (Nu-100 manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.), which is a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, and twin screw extrusion was performed.
- the melt was kneaded at 220 ° C.
- the melt-kneaded material was extruded into a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank, and cut into a chip shape to obtain a polyolefin resin raw material.
- This polyolefin resin is supplied to a single screw extruder, melt extruded at 220 ° C., foreign matter is removed by a sintered filter, and then discharged from a T-die onto a cast drum whose surface temperature is controlled at 120 ° C. Cast for 15 seconds to obtain a cast sheet.
- the cast sheet was heated using a roll heated to 95 ° C., and stretched 4 times in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 95 ° C.
- the sheet stretched in the longitudinal direction is once cooled, and then stretched 6 times in the width direction at 145 ° C. at a stretching speed of 1,500% / min with a stenter-type transverse stretching machine, and heat-fixed at 155 ° C. for 5 seconds.
- relaxation was performed at 140 ° C. and a relaxation rate of 10% for 5 seconds to obtain a porous polypropylene film having a thickness of 28 ⁇ m.
- a feed block type B / The A / B composite T die was laminated at a thickness ratio of 1/8/1 and discharged onto a cast drum whose surface temperature was controlled at 120 ° C. to obtain a cast sheet.
- preheating was performed using a ceramic roll heated to 120 ° C., and the cast sheet was stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 120 ° C.
- the sheet stretched in the longitudinal direction was introduced into a tenter-type stretching machine by gripping the end with a clip, preheated at 155 ° C. for 3 seconds, and then stretched 8.4 times at 150 ° C. to obtain a film. It was.
- the distance between the clips in the width direction at the entrance of the tenter was 150 mm.
- the film was heat treated at 150 ° C for 3 seconds while maintaining the distance between the stretched clips (HS1 zone), and further relaxed at 160 ° C and a relaxation rate of 10% (Rx zone). Heat treatment was performed at 160 ° C. for 5 seconds while keeping the distance (HS2 zone).
- the ears of the film held by the tenter clip were removed by slitting, and the porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm was wound around the core by a winder by 500 m to obtain a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) In the same manner as in Example 1, a cast sheet was stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 120 ° C., and introduced into a tenter-type stretching machine with its ends held by clips, and preheated at 155 ° C. for 3 seconds. Then, it extended
- the film was heat treated at 150 ° C for 3 seconds while maintaining the distance between the stretched clips (HS1 zone), and further relaxed at 160 ° C and a relaxation rate of 10% (Rx zone). Heat treatment was performed at 160 ° C. for 5 seconds while keeping the distance (HS2 zone).
- the ears of the film held by the tenter clip were removed by slitting, and the porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm was wound around the core by a winder by 500 m to obtain a porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 4 A porous polypropylene film having a width of 500 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 3 except that preheating was performed using a ceramic roll heated to 125 ° C., and the cast sheet was stretched 5 times in the longitudinal direction at a stretching temperature of 125 ° C. Got.
- the air resistance is low, the porosity is high, and the heat shrink property is excellent, so that both safety and output characteristics can be achieved, and it is suitable as a separator for an electricity storage device. It is possible to use.
- the comparative example since both low air permeability resistance and heat shrinkage characteristics were insufficient, it was insufficient as a separator for an electricity storage device for high output use.
- porous polypropylene film of the present invention is excellent in safety, heat resistance and gas permeability, it can be suitably used as a separator for an electricity storage device.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムは、フィルムの両表面を貫通し、透気性を有する孔(以下、貫通孔という)を有し、ポリプロピレン樹脂を主成分とする。ここで、「主成分」とは、特定の成分が全成分中に占める割合が50質量%以上であることを意味し、好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上であることを意味し、100質量%であっても良いことを意味する。
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム5mgをサンプルとしてアルミニウム製のパンに採取し、示差走査熱量計(セイコー電子工業製RDC220)を用いて測定した。まず、窒素雰囲気下で室温から260℃まで10℃/分で昇温(ファーストラン)し、10分間保持した後、40℃まで10℃/分で冷却する。5分保持後、再度10℃/分で昇温(セカンドラン)した際に観測される融解ピークについて、145~157℃の温度領域にピークが存在する融解をβ晶の融解ピーク、158℃以上にピークが観察される融解をα晶の融解ピークとして、高温側の平坦部を基準に引いたベースラインとピークに囲まれる領域の面積から、それぞれの融解熱量を求め、α晶の融解熱量をΔHα、β晶の融解熱量をΔHβとしたとき、以下の式で計算される値をβ晶形成能とする。なお、融解熱量の校正はインジウムを用いて行った。
β晶形成能(%)=〔ΔHβ/(ΔHα+ΔHβ)〕×100
なお、ファーストランで観察される融解ピークから同様にβ晶の存在比率を算出することで、そのサンプルの状態でのβ晶分率を算出することができる。
上記β晶形成能の測定方法と同様の方法でポリプロピレン樹脂を測定し、セカンドランのピーク温度(α晶)を融点(Tm)とした。
Al箔の片側にリチウムコバルト酸化物(LiCoO2)が塗工され、極板容量が1.5mAh/cm2の正極(宝泉(株)市販、厚み:40μm)を、長手方向50mm×幅方向50mmの正方形に切り出した。また、Cu箔の片側に天然球状黒鉛が塗工され、極板容量が1.6mAh/cm2の負極(宝泉(株)市販、厚み:50μm)を、長手方向50mm×幅方向50mmの正方形に切り出した。さらに、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを長手方向45mm×幅方向45mmの正方形に切り出した。そして、切り出した多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの長手方向および幅方向の各辺の長さをデジタルノギスまたは評価精度小数点第2位まで測定可能な測定器を用いて測定し、長手方向の長さLMD1(mm)、幅方向の長さLTD1(mm)とした。
面積収縮率T(%)
=(LMD1×LTD1-LMD2×LTD2)/(LMD1×LTD1)×100
長手方向の収縮率TMD(%)=(LMD1-LMD2)/LMD1×100
幅方向の収縮率TTD(%)=(LTD1-LTD2)/LTD1×100
収縮率TTDmax(%)=(LTD1-LTD2)/LTD1×100
収縮率TTDmin(%)=(LTD1-LTD3)/LTD1×100
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを長さ150mm×幅10mmの矩形に切り出しサンプルとした。なお、150mmの長さ方向をフィルムの長手方向および幅方向に合わせた。引張試験機(オリエンテック製テンシロンUCT-100)を用いて、初期チャック間距離50mmとし、引張速度を300mm/分としてフィルムの長手方向および幅方向に引張試験を行った。サンプルが破断した時にフィルムにかかっていた荷重を読み取り、試験前のサンプルの断面積(フィルム厚み×幅(10mm))で除した値を引張強度の指標とした。測定は各サンプル5回ずつ行い、その平均値で評価を行った。
ポリプロピレン樹脂のMFRは、JIS K 7210(1995)の条件M(230℃、2.16kg)に準拠して測定した。ポリエチレン樹脂は、JIS K 7210(1995)の条件D(190℃、2.16kg)に準拠して測定した。
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムから100mm×100mmの大きさの正方形を切取りサンプルとした。JIS P 8117(1998)のB形ガーレー試験器を用いて、23℃、相対湿度65%にて、100mlの空気の透過時間の測定を行った。測定はサンプルを替えて3回行い、透過時間の平均値をそのフィルムの透気性とした。なお、フィルムに貫通孔が形成されていることは、この透気性の値が有限値であることをもって確認できる。
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを30mm×40mmの大きさに切取り、サンプルとした。電子比重計(ミラージュ貿易(株)製SD-120L)を用いて、室温23℃、相対湿度65%の雰囲気にて比重の測定を行った。測定を3回行い、平均値をそのフィルムの比重ρとした。
空孔率(%)=〔(d-ρ)/d〕×100
ダイヤルゲージ式厚み計(JIS B-7503(1997)、PEACOCK製UPRIGHT DIAL GAUGE(0.001×2mm)、No.25、測定子10mmφ平型、50gf荷重)を用いて、任意の5ヶ所について厚みを測定した。その5ヶ所の値の平均値をフィルム厚みとした。
フィルムを長手方向および幅方向に長さ150mm×幅10mmの矩形に切り出し、サンプルとした。このサンプルに100mmの間隔で標線を描き、ノギスを用いて初期長さL0を測定した。次に、下端に3gの錘を吊して120℃に加熱した熱風オーブン内に40分間設置し、加熱処理を行った。熱処理後、放冷し、加熱後の標線間距離L1を測定し、以下の式から熱収縮率を算出し、寸法安定性の指標とした。測定は各フィルムとも長手方向および幅方向に5サンプル実施して平均値で評価を行った。
120℃40分間熱収縮率(%)=(L0-L1)/L0×100
宝泉(株)製の厚みが40μm、単位面積辺りの放電容量が1.5mAh/cm2のリチウムコバルト酸化物(LiCoO2)正極を直径15.9mmの円形に打ち抜いた。また、宝泉(株)製の厚みが50μm、単位面積辺りの放電容量が1.6mAh/cm2の天然グラファイト負極を直径16.2mmの円形に打ち抜いた。さらに、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを直径16.8mmに打ち抜いた。そして、正極活物質の塗工面と負極活物質の塗工面とが対向するようにし、下から負極、多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、正極の順に重ね、蓋付ステンレス金属製小容器(宝泉(株)製、HSセル、ばね圧1kgf)に収納した。この際、正極及び負極を多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの略中央に配置した。また、容器と蓋とは絶縁され、容器は負極の銅箔と、蓋は正極のアルミ箔とそれぞれ接する状態にした。この容器内に、エチレンカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート=3:7(体積比)の混合溶媒に溶質としてLiPF6を濃度1モル/リットルとなるように溶解させた電解液を注入して密閉し、二次電池を作製した。
その後、100%充電状態の電池を150℃に加熱した熱風オーブン内に10分間設置し加熱処理を行ったのち、株式会社日本テクナート製リチウムイオン電池絶縁試験器(IMP-1090)を用いて印加電圧:100Vで3秒間の条件で、短絡試験を行った。なお、測定は各サンプル5回ずつ行い、以下の基準で判定を行った。
○:全ての電池で短絡しない
×:いずれかの電池で短絡する
ポリプロピレン樹脂として、融点165℃、MFR=7.5g/10分の住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を99.7質量部と、β晶核剤であるN,N’-ジシクロヘキシル-2,6-ナフタレンジカルボキシアミド(新日本理化(株)製、NU-100)を0.3質量部と、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ製IRGANOX1010およびIRGAFOS168を各々0.1質量部とがこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、300℃で溶融混練を行った。そして、溶融混練された材料をストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(I)を得た。
融点165℃、MFR=7.5g/10分の住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を59.8質量部と、共重合PE樹脂としてエチレン-オクテン-1共重合体(ダウ・ケミカル製 Engage8411、メルトインデックス:18g/10分)を30質量部と、分散剤としてCEBC(JSR(株)製 DYNARON6200P)を10質量部と、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ製IRGANOX1010およびIRGAFOS168を各々0.1質量部とがこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、240℃で溶融混練を行った。そして、溶融混練された材料をストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン原料(V)を得た。
実施例2に対し、HS2ゾーン後にステンターと巻取機の速度差を利用してフィルムを長手方向に弛緩率5%でリラックスしながら、162℃で15秒間熱処理を行った。これ以外は実施例2と同じ条件で、幅500mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
実施例1に対し、114℃に加熱したセラミックロールを用いて予熱を行い、キャストシートを長手方向に5倍延伸した。これ以外は実施例1と同じ条件で、幅500mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
特開2008-248231号公報に実施例1として記載された以下の方法に従って製膜を行った。ポリプロピレン樹脂として、住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレン WF836DG3(MFR:7g/10分、アイソタクチックインデックス:97%)を94質量部、Basell社製高溶融張力ホモポリプロピレン Pro-fax PF814(MFR:2.5g/10分、アイソタクチックインデックス:97%)を1質量部と、エチレン・α-オレフィン共重合体であるダウ・ケミカル社製 Engage8411(メルトインデックス:18g/10分)を5質量部とを混合したところに、β晶核剤であるN,N’-ジシクロヘキシル-2,6-ナフタレンジカルボキシアミド(新日本理化(株)製Nu-100)を0.2質量部加えて2軸押出機に供給し、220℃で溶融混練を行った。そして、溶融混練された材料をストランド状に押出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリオレフィン樹脂原料を得た。
実施例1と同様に作製したポリプロピレン組成物(I)96.7質量部とポリプロピレン組成物(IV)3.3質量部をドライブレンドしてB層用の単軸の溶融押出機に供給し、一方、ポリプロピレン組成物(I)90質量部とポリプロピレン組成物(II)10質量部をドライブレンドしてA層用の単軸の溶融押出機に供給した。そして、B層用の単軸の溶融押出機およびA層用の単軸の溶融押出機から220℃で溶融押出を行い、60μmカットの焼結フィルターで異物を除去後、フィードブロック型のB/A/B複合Tダイにて1/8/1の厚み比で積層し、120℃に表面温度を制御したキャストドラムに吐出してキャストシートを得た。ついで、120℃に加熱したセラミックロールを用いて予熱を行い、該キャストシートを長手方向に延伸温度120℃で5倍延伸した。次に、この長手方向に延伸したシートを、テンター式延伸機に端部をクリップで把持させて導入し、155℃で3秒間予熱後、150℃で8.4倍に延伸してフィルムを得た。なお、テンター入り口の幅方向クリップ間距離は150mmであった。
実施例1と同様に、キャストシートを長手方向に延伸温度120℃で5倍延伸して得たシートを、テンター式延伸機に端部をクリップで把持させて導入し、155℃で3秒間予熱後、150℃で8.4倍に延伸してフィルムを得た。なお、テンター入り口の幅方向クリップ間距離は150mmであった。
125℃に加熱したセラミックロールを用いて予熱を行い、キャストシートを長手方向に延伸温度125℃で5倍延伸した以外は、比較例3と同じ条件で、幅500mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
Claims (7)
- ポリプロピレン樹脂を主成分とし、
ガーレー透気抵抗が1,000秒/100ml以下であり、
電解液中150℃10分加熱後の面積収縮率が10%以下であり、
電解液中150℃10分加熱後の長手方向の収縮率をTMD(%)、幅方向の収縮率をTTD(%)としたときTTD/TMDの値が0.5以上5以下であることを特徴とする多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。 - 幅方向の引張強度が65MPa以上150MPa以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- ポリプロピレン樹脂の含有量が90質量%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- 電解液中150℃10分加熱後の面積収縮率を幅方向に45mm間隔で測定したときの最大値をTmax、最小値をTminとしたとき、(Tmax-Tmin)の値が3%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- 電解液中150℃10分加熱後の45×45mmの正方形内の幅方向の熱収縮率の最大値をTTDmax、最小値をTTDminとしたとき、(TTDmax-TTDmin)の値が2%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- β晶形成能が40%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- 正極と負極との間に設けられ、両者の接触を防止しつつ、電解液中のイオンを透過させるセパレータを備えた蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記セパレータは、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを用いて形成されることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
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