WO2013021675A1 - 藻類培養方法及び藻類培養装置 - Google Patents
藻類培養方法及び藻類培養装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013021675A1 WO2013021675A1 PCT/JP2012/057853 JP2012057853W WO2013021675A1 WO 2013021675 A1 WO2013021675 A1 WO 2013021675A1 JP 2012057853 W JP2012057853 W JP 2012057853W WO 2013021675 A1 WO2013021675 A1 WO 2013021675A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H3/00—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria
- A01H3/02—Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria by controlling duration, wavelength, intensity, or periodicity of illumination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an algal culture method and an algal culture apparatus. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for culturing algae that promotes growth by irradiating algae with artificial light.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a plant irradiation apparatus configured to irradiate a plant alternately with green light and white light.
- This irradiation device constitutes a change of day and night by alternately irradiating with green light with a wavelength of 500 to 570 nm and white light with a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, thereby facilitating the growth of the plant by facilitating the translocation of the plant. is there.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a plant is cultivated and grown by lighting a light emitting diode emitting blue light (400 to 480 nm) and a light emitting diode emitting red light (620 to 700 nm) simultaneously or alternately.
- a light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for cultivation and tissue culture is disclosed. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate a plant with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm).
- Patent Document 2 stipulates that blue light and red light may be irradiated simultaneously or alternately (see “Claim 1”).
- Patent Document 2 in the comparison of blue light single irradiation, red light single irradiation, and simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light, healthy growth similar to cultivation under sunlight (such as a length in single irradiation) under simultaneous irradiation. In comparison with unhealthy growth (see paragraph “0011” in the document), and the growth promoting effect when blue light and red light are alternately applied has not been confirmed. Therefore, Patent Document 2 does not substantially disclose a plant cultivation method by alternately irradiating blue light and red light.
- algae include many unicellular or multicellular species belonging to prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae and the like belong to them.
- green algae are those that are expected as raw materials for biofuels to produce hydrocarbons that can be substituted for petroleum by fixing carbon dioxide by photosynthesis, and health foods that produce abundant nutrients and antioxidants. And those that are used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for extracting hydrocarbons from cultured green algae.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a green algae that is a kind of red carotenoid and produces astaxanthin having a strong antioxidant action.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a simple technique for promoting the growth of algae.
- the present invention provides an algal culture that promotes the growth of algae by separately performing a procedure of irradiating algae with red light illumination and a procedure of irradiating algae with blue light illumination within a certain period of time.
- This algae culture method (execution method (Shigyo Method)) is, as a specific example, a procedure of irradiating red light illumination light and a procedure of irradiating blue light illumination light alternately and continuously.
- the present invention also includes a light irradiation unit that irradiates algae with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light, a step of irradiating the algae with red light illumination light by controlling the light irradiation unit, and irradiates the algae with blue light illumination light.
- an algae culture apparatus comprising: a step; and a control unit that executes the steps independently within a certain period of time.
- the control unit maintains the light amount, wavelength and / or irradiation time of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined value or in a predetermined pattern. It is supposed to change.
- the said light irradiation part is comprised including the light emitting diode which radiates
- the “algae” has a photosynthetic ability of aquatic organisms such as unicellular organisms such as green algae, brown algae, cyanobacteria, red photosynthetic bacteria, aquatic plants, regardless of whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Multicellular organisms are widely included.
- the present invention provides a method for culturing algae that is simple and capable of obtaining an excellent growth promoting effect.
- Botryococcus brownie it is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the result of having examined the proliferation promotion effect by alternating irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 1).
- Botryococcus brownie it is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result of having examined the proliferation promotion effect by the alternate irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 1).
- Botryococcus brownie it is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result of having examined the proliferation promotion effect by the alternate irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 1).
- Chlorella querseri it is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result of having examined the proliferation promotion effect by alternate irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 2).
- Hematococcus lactolis it is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result of having examined the growth promotion effect by alternate irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 3).
- Hematococcus lactolis it is a drawing substitute graph which shows the result of having examined the growth promotion effect by alternate irradiation of red light and blue light (Test Example 3).
- Algal culture method (1) Algal culture method according to first embodiment (2) Algal culture method according to second embodiment (3) Algal culture method according to third embodiment (4) Wavelength (5) Light quantity (6) Irradiation time 2.
- Algal culture device (1) Algal culture device according to the first embodiment (1-1) Light irradiation unit (1-2) Control unit Cultured algae
- Algae culture method comprises a procedure of irradiating algae with red light illumination light (hereinafter also referred to as “red light irradiation step”), and blue light illumination light. This is a method of promoting the growth of algae by separately performing the procedure of irradiating algae (hereinafter also referred to as “blue light irradiation step”) within a certain period of time.
- the red illumination light is substantially red light having a wavelength range of 570 to 730 nm.
- the red light illumination light may include light having a wavelength range different from that of the red light, but preferably does not include blue light described below.
- the red illumination light particularly preferably contains only the red light.
- Blue light illumination light is illumination light that substantially includes blue light having a wavelength range of 400 to 515 nm.
- the blue illumination light may include light having a wavelength range different from that of the blue light, but preferably does not include the above-described red light.
- the blue illumination light particularly preferably contains only the blue light. Furthermore, it is preferable that the red light illumination light does not include the blue light, the blue light illumination light does not include the red light, the red light illumination light is only the red light, and the blue light illumination light is only the blue light. .
- fixed period means a period of arbitrary length of time during algae culture. This period is the longest culture period. Further, the shortest period can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited. This period may be, for example, time (hr) as a unit of time length, and may be a longer time length unit (for example, day) or a shorter time length unit (for example, minutes). It may be a thing.
- the algae culture method according to the present invention is started or ended at an arbitrary timing in the algae culture period, and can be applied at an arbitrary time length.
- red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step exist separately within the above period.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be included in at least one step in the period.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be performed alternately and alternately, and during both steps, a procedure for simultaneously irradiating the algae with the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light or a procedure for stopping the light irradiation to the algae is performed. It may be performed repeatedly and discontinuously. However, in order to enhance the algal growth promoting effect, it is preferable to carry out alternately and continuously.
- Embodiments of the algal culture method according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. It should be noted that the plant cultivation method according to the present invention can naturally be implemented by appropriately combining the embodiments described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the algal culture method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are alternately and continuously performed.
- reference numeral S 1 indicates a red light irradiation step
- reference numeral S 2 indicates a blue light irradiation step.
- red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 is performed continuously alternately, irradiation cycle of red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 Metropolitan is repeated.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the algal culture method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the step of irradiating red light and the step of irradiating blue light is not performed with a procedure of simultaneously irradiating algae with red light illumination light and blue light illumination light (hereinafter also referred to as “simultaneous irradiation step”) between both steps. It is performed repeatedly in succession.
- reference numeral S 3 illustrates the simultaneous irradiation step.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are discontinuously performed with the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S 1 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3, and the blue light irradiation are performed.
- irradiation cycle consisting of steps S 2 Metropolitan is repeated.
- red light irradiation step S 1 in each irradiation cycle, simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the blue light irradiation one or performed before the step S 2 is optional.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the procedure of the algae culturing method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are repeatedly performed discontinuously with a procedure (hereinafter also referred to as “pause step”) for stopping the light irradiation on the algae between both steps. It is.
- reference numeral S 4 shows the idle step.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 are discontinuously performed with the pause step S 4 interposed therebetween, and the red light irradiation step S 1 , the pause step S 4 and the blue light irradiation step S are performed.
- the irradiation cycle consisting of 2 is repeated.
- red light irradiation step S 1 in each irradiation cycle, idle step S 4, and the blue light irradiation step S Which of 2 is performed first is arbitrary.
- red light means light having a wavelength of 570 to 730 nm, and light having a central wavelength of 635 to 660 nm is preferably used.
- Blue light means light having a wavelength of 400 to 515 nm, and light having a central wavelength of 450 nm is preferably used.
- the red light and the blue light may have a predetermined wavelength range with the above wavelength as a central wavelength.
- the wavelength range for example, in the case of blue light, it can be 450 ⁇ 30 nm, preferably 450 ⁇ 20 nm, and more preferably 450 ⁇ 10 nm.
- the wavelengths of red light and blue light may be changed within the above-mentioned wavelength range.
- the wavelengths may be changed in the Nth irradiation cycle CN (N is an integer of 1 or more).
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N (M is one or more different integers N) wavelength and the irradiation cycle C M of may be different within the scope of the wavelength range.
- red light irradiation step S 1 simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and blue light irradiation step S 2 , in addition to red light and blue light, light in a plurality of wavelength regions is combined with light in other wavelength regions. Irradiation may be performed.
- the amount of light (intensity) of red light and blue light in the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2, and the simultaneous light irradiation step S 3 is not particularly limited.
- photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) And 1 to 1000 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, preferably 10 to 500 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, particularly preferably about 50 to 250 ⁇ mol / m 2 s.
- the light quantity (intensity) ratio of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light in each of the above steps is 1: 1, 5: 3, 2: 1, 3: 1 for “red: blue” or “blue: red”, for example. It can be arbitrarily set such as 4: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, and the like.
- the light amounts of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light may be changed within the above range.
- the intensity may be changed in the Nth irradiation cycle CN (N is an integer of 1 or more).
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N may be the light intensity is varied within the above range in the irradiation cycle C M of.
- the time of one irradiation cycle is the longest culture period.
- the shortest time can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- One irradiation cycle may be, for example, in units of time length (hr), and may be longer time units (eg, days) or shorter time units (eg, minutes). It may be.
- the algal culture method according to the first embodiment performed continuously red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 alternately, if the day one irradiation cycle, the red light irradiation step S 1 12 hours, the blue light irradiation step S 2 may be 12 hours.
- the red light irradiation step S 1 12 hours
- the blue light irradiation step S 2 may be 12 hours.
- one irradiation cycle becomes 6 hours, it can be a red light irradiation step S 1 3 hour, 3 hours blue light irradiation step S 2.
- the M-th and the N-th irradiation cycles C N may be changed by the irradiation cycle C M of.
- the irradiation cycle CN can be 12 hours, and the subsequent irradiation cycle CN + 1 can be 6 hours.
- the time ratio of the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the pause step S 4 in one irradiation cycle may be arbitrary.
- “red light irradiation step S 1 / blue light irradiation step S 2 ” is set to “12 hours ⁇ 12 hours (1 : 1) "," 16 hours ⁇ 8 hours (2: 1) ",” 21 hours ⁇ 3 hours (7: 1) ", etc.
- the plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment continuously performing red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 alternately, and a red light irradiation step S 1 and the blue light irradiation step S 2 Switching at time intervals according to the algal cell division cycle.
- the culture conditions other than the illumination conditions can be the same as those of conventionally known culture methods.
- a medium for freshwater algae for example, AF6 medium, C medium, URO medium, etc.
- a marine algae medium ESM medium, f / 2 medium, IMR medium, MNK medium, etc.
- ESM medium f / 2 medium, IMR medium, MNK medium, etc.
- the algal culture method according to the present invention is considered to produce a remarkable mitogenic effect by making the irradiation of red light and blue light correspond to the photosynthesis mechanism of algae.
- the growth promoting effect may be further enhanced by using carbon dioxide gas or a known drug having a photosynthetic promoting effect in combination.
- Algae culture device (1) Algae culture device according to first embodiment (1-1) Light irradiation unit
- the algae culture device according to the present invention is capable of executing each procedure of the algae culture method described above, and A light irradiation unit that irradiates algae with bright light and blue light illumination light, a step of controlling the light irradiation unit to irradiate the algae with red light illumination light, and a step of irradiating the algae with blue light illumination light within a certain period of time. And a control unit that executes separately and independently.
- the light irradiator includes a light source that emits red light or blue light.
- a light source that emits red light or blue light.
- Conventionally known light sources can be used as the red and blue light sources.
- an optical semiconductor element such as a light emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode (LD) that emits light that allows easy wavelength selection and a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength region.
- LED light emitting diode
- LD laser diode
- EL electroluminescence
- EL may be organic or inorganic.
- the optical semiconductor element is small and has a long life, and emits light at a specific wavelength depending on the material, so that there is no unnecessary heat radiation. Therefore, the optical semiconductor element has good energy efficiency, and it is difficult to damage the cells even if it is irradiated near the algae. For this reason, it becomes possible by using an optical semiconductor element for a light source to cultivate at a lower power cost and more space-saving than other light sources.
- an SMD line light source in which SMD (2 Chips Surface Mount Device) mounted by combining one red light semiconductor element and one blue light semiconductor element is linearly arranged, or a red light semiconductor element or a blue light semiconductor element
- SMD Chips Surface Mount Device
- a monochromatic line light source or a monochromatic panel light source in which only one of them is arranged in a line or plane can be used.
- a semiconductor element can be driven to blink at a frequency as high as several megahertz (MHz) or more. For this reason, by using the optical semiconductor element as a light source, it is possible to perform switching of each of the red light irradiation step S 1 , the blue light irradiation step S 2 , the simultaneous irradiation step S 3 and the pause step S 4 at extremely high speed. It becomes.
- a red LED includes an aluminum / gallium / indium / phosphorus light emitting diode (gallium / phosphorous substrate, sold by Showa Denko KK as product number HRP-350F).
- the red LED includes a light emitting diode having a product number GM2LR450G.
- Examples of light sources other than light-emitting diodes include straight tube and compact fluorescent lamps and bulb-type fluorescent lamps, high-pressure discharge lamps, metal halide lamps, and laser diodes. In combination with these light sources, an optical filter for selectively using light in the above wavelength range may be used.
- Control Unit maintains the light amount (intensity), wavelength, and / or irradiation time of the red light illumination light and the blue light illumination light emitted from the light irradiation unit at a predetermined value, or in a predetermined pattern. Change.
- the control unit can be configured using a general-purpose computer. For example, when an LED is used as the light source, the control unit adjusts the magnitude of the LED drive current based on a control pattern previously stored and stored in a memory or a hard disk, and the intensity and irradiation of red light illumination light and blue light illumination light. Change time. Moreover, a control part switches and drives several LED which radiates
- the algae targeted by the method for culturing algae according to the present invention include unicellular organisms such as green algae, brown algae, cyanobacteria, red photosynthetic bacteria, aquatic plants, etc. Such as multicellular organisms having aquatic photosynthetic ability.
- specific examples of algae include cyanobacteria, prokaryotic green algae, red algae, gray algae, crypt algae, dinoflagellates, golden algae, diatoms, brown algae, yellow green algae, hapto algae, rafido algae (green cyanobacterium) Chloracarnion algae, Euglena algae, prasino algae, green algae, axle algae and the like.
- Algae can be green algae called microalgae in particular.
- microalgae include green algae belonging to the class of green algae (Class Chlorophyceae) and trebauxia algae (Class Trebouxiophyceae).
- green algae include green algae of the genus Botryococcus, Haematococcus and Chlorella, and examples of the algae of Trevoxia algae of Pseudochoricystis. .
- Botryococcus brownie Botryococcus braunii
- Pseudocollistis ellipsoidea Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea fix carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and oil (heavy oil or light oil) Hydrocarbons that can be substituted for Hematococcus copluvialis and Haematococcus lacustris, which are members of the genus Haematococcus, produce astaxanthin, an antioxidant.
- one irradiation cycle is, for example, a red light irradiation step 12 hours and a blue light irradiation step 12 hours.
- a red light irradiation step and a blue light irradiation step are each performed for 0.1 to 3 hours to form one irradiation cycle.
- Botryococcus brownie growth promotion test> the growth promoting effect by alternately irradiating red light and blue light was examined in Botryococcus brownie, which is a hydrocarbon-producing alga and is a kind of green algae.
- Botryococcus braunii N-2199 strain distributed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies was initially grown on an agar medium (Hyponex, 1000-fold diluted, 1% agarose). Initial growth was performed in a fluorescent lighting environment. Colonies were picked up from the agar medium, suspended in 70 ⁇ l of distilled water, and 30 ⁇ l each was seeded on the agar medium.
- a red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a blue LED center wavelength: 480 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a fluorescent lamp was used as the light source.
- the number of mounted one set of each LED is 240 for both the red LED and the blue LED.
- Control zone Light source: fluorescent lamp, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period
- LED section Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 87.5, blue 52.5 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 5: 3), 12 hours red / 12 hours blue (red-blue alternating irradiation) )
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the upper part of the figure shows a photograph of 10 colonies randomly selected from the plate cultured in the control group and the lower part in the LED group. For comparison of the colony size, a 200 ⁇ m scale bar is included in the photograph.
- the colony size was larger than in the control ward. From the observation of individual cells, it was considered that the increase in colony size was not due to the increase in the size of the cells themselves but to the increase in the number of cells.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the average value of the area of 10 colonies, and the vertical axis shows the average value and standard deviation of the colony area ( ⁇ m 2 ).
- the colony growth was better than that in the control group, and the growth was promoted by about 3 times in the culture period of 3 weeks compared to the control group.
- Control zone Light source: fluorescent lamp, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period
- LED A Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 87.5, blue 52.5 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 5: 3), 12 hours red / 12 hours blue (red-blue alternating irradiation) )
- LED ward B Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthesis photon flux density of illumination light: red 87.5, blue 52.5 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 5: 3), 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period (red blue Simultaneous irradiation)
- the average value of the area of 10 colonies is graphed, and the vertical axis indicates the average value and standard deviation of the colony area ( ⁇ m 2 ).
- the colony growth was better than the control group and the LED group B (red and blue simultaneous irradiation), indicating the fastest growth.
- the red light is obtained. It was found that in the alternating irradiation environment (LED section A) in which the light and blue light were alternately irradiated for 12 hours, cell proliferation was remarkably promoted. Moreover, in FIG. 4, an oil droplet can be confirmed in the colony of an alternate irradiation environment (LED section A), and it was suggested that the alternate irradiation promotes the production of hydrocarbons as well as cell division.
- Chlorella kueseri growth promotion test> we examined the growth promotion effect by alternating irradiation of red light and blue light in Chlorella querseri, a kind of Chlorella green algae that is widely used as experimental algae and applied to supplement foods etc. .
- Chlorella kessleri C531 strain (same as Chlorella kessleri NIES-2160 possessed by National Institute for Environmental Studies) was initially grown on an agar medium (Hyponex, diluted 1000 times, 1% agarose). Initial growth was performed in a fluorescent lighting environment. Colonies were picked up from the agar medium, suspended in 50 ⁇ l of distilled water, and 9 ⁇ l each was inoculated into 10 ml of liquid medium (Hyponex, diluted 1000 times).
- a red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a blue LED center wavelength: 480 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a fluorescent lamp was used as the light source.
- the number of mounted one set of each LED is 240 for both the red LED and the blue LED.
- Control zone Light source: fluorescent lamp, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period
- LED A Light source: Red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 105, blue 35 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 3: 1), 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period (simultaneous irradiation of red and blue)
- LED ward B Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 105, blue 35 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 3: 1), 12 hours red / 12 hours blue (alternating red and blue)
- LED Ward C Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 105, blue 35 ⁇ mol / m 2 s
- the vertical axis represents the cell density (cells / ⁇ l), and the horizontal axis represents the experimental group.
- the cell density was shown with the standard deviation of the average value in 4 divisions of the hemocytometer.
- Haematococcus lacustris NIES-144 strain distributed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies was initially grown on an agar medium (Hyponex, 1000-fold diluted, 1% agarose). Initial growth was performed in a fluorescent lighting environment. Colonies were picked up from the agar medium, suspended in 600 ⁇ l of liquid medium (Hyponex, diluted 1000 times), and cultured in a fluorescent lighting environment. Thereafter, 200 ⁇ l of the culture solution was seeded on an agar medium.
- a red LED center wavelength: 660 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a blue LED center wavelength: 480 nm, Showa Denko KK
- a fluorescent lamp was used as the light source.
- the number of mounted one set of each LED is 240 for both the red LED and the blue LED.
- Control zone Light source: fluorescent lamp, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: 140 ⁇ mol / m 2 s, 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period
- LED A Light source: Red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 105, blue 35 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 3: 1), 12 hours light period / 12 hours dark period (simultaneous irradiation of red and blue)
- LED ward B Light source: red LED and blue LED, photosynthetic photon flux density of illumination light: red 105, blue 35 ⁇ mol / m 2 s (red / blue ratio 3: 1), 12 hours red / 12 hours blue (alternating red and blue)
- FIG. 1 The results of measuring the colony area in the same manner as in Test Example 1 are shown in FIG.
- the figure is a graph of the average value and median value of the area of 20 colonies, and the vertical axis shows the average value, standard deviation, and median value of the colony area ( ⁇ m 2 ).
- the LED group B colony growth was promoted as compared to the control group.
- FIG. 1 shows the frequency distribution of the colony area in each experimental section.
- the figure shows the measured colony area values less than 20,000, 20,000-60,000, 60,000-120,000, 120,000-180,000, 180,000 or more (unit: ⁇ m 2 ).
- the number of colonies included in each section is shown as a percentage.
- shaft shows a ratio (%).
- the growth of algae can be promoted by a simple method, the culture period can be shortened, and the productivity can be improved. Therefore, the method for culturing algae according to the present invention can be suitably used for culturing algae for raw materials such as biofuels, health foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Abstract
Description
この知見に基づき、本発明は、赤色光照明光を藻類に照射する手順と、青色光照明光を藻類に照射する手順と、を一定期間内に別個独立に行うことによって藻類の増殖を促進する藻類培養方法を提供する。
この藻類培養方法(執行メソッド(Shigyo Method))は、具体例としては、赤色光照明光を照射する手順と、青色光照明光を照射する手順と、を交互に連続して行うものである。
この藻類培養装置において、前記制御部は、前記光照射部から放射される前期赤色光照明光及び前記青色光照明光の光量、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させるものとされる。また、前記光照射部は、赤色光又は青色光を放射する発光ダイオードを含んで構成されることが好ましい。
1.藻類培養方法
(1)第一実施形態に係る藻類培養方法
(2)第二実施形態に係る藻類培養方法
(3)第三実施形態に係る藻類培養方法
(4)波長
(5)光量
(6)照射時間
2.藻類培養装置
(1)第一実施形態に係る藻類培養装置
(1-1)光照射部
(1-2)制御部
3.培養藻類
(1)第一実施形態に係る藻類培養方法
本発明に係る藻類培養方法は、赤色光照明光を藻類に照射する手順(以下「赤色光照射ステップ」とも称する)と、青色光照明光を藻類に照射する手順(以下「青色光照射ステップ」とも称する)と、を一定期間内に別個独立に行うことによって藻類の増殖を促進する方法である。
図2は、本発明の第二実施形態に係る藻類培養方法の手順を説明する図である。この実施形態は、赤色光照射ステップと青色光照射ステップとを、両ステップの間に赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光を藻類に同時照射する手順(以下「同時照射ステップ」とも称する)を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行うものである。
図3は、本発明の第三実施形態に係る藻類培養方法の手順を説明する図である。この実施形態は、赤色光照射ステップと青色光照射ステップとを、両ステップの間に藻類への光照射を休止する手順(以下「休止ステップ」とも称する)を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行うものである。
上述した各実施形態に係る藻類培養方法において、赤色光は波長570~730nmの光をいい、635~660nmの波長を中心波長をとする光が好適に用いられる。また、青色光は、波長400~515nmの光をいい、中心波長を450nmとする光が好適に用いられる。赤色光及び青色光は、上記波長を中心波長として所定の波長域を有するものであってよい。波長域としては、例えば青色光であれば、450±30nm、好ましくは450±20nm、さらに好ましくは450±10nmとできる。
赤色光照射ステップS1、青色光照射ステップS2及び同時照射ステップS3における赤色光及び青色光の光量(強度)は、特に限定されないが、例えば光合成光量子束密度(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density:PPFD)でそれぞれ1~1000μmol/m2s、好ましくは10~500μmol/m2s、特に好ましくは50~250μmol/m2s程度とされる。
上述した各実施形態に係る藻類培養方法において、一つの照射サイクルの時間は、最長で培養全期間である。また、最短の時間は、本発明の効果が奏される限りにおいて任意に設定できる。一つの照射サイクルは、例えば時間(hr)を時間長の単位とするものであってよく、さらにより長い時間長単位(例えば日(day))あるいはより短い時間長単位(例えば分(minutes))とするものであってもよい。
本発明に係る藻類培養方法において、照明条件以外の培養条件は、従来公知の培養方法と同様とできる。例えば、培地には、淡水産藻類用の培地(例えば、AF6培地、C培地、URO培地等)、海産藻類用培地(ESM培地、f/2培地、IMR培地、MNK培地等)などを用いればよい。
(1)第一実施形態に係る藻類培養装置
(1-1)光照射部
本発明に係る藻類培養装置は、上述した藻類培養方法の各手順を実行可能なものであり、赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光を藻類に照射する光照射部と、光照射部を制御して、赤色光照明光を藻類に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を藻類に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に実行する制御部と、を備える。
制御部は、光照射部から放射される赤色光照明光及び青色光照明光の光量(強度)、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させる。
本発明に係る藻類培養方法等が対象とする藻類には、原核生物であるか真核生物であるかを問わず、緑藻類、褐藻類、藍藻類、紅色光合成細菌等の単細胞生物、水草等の水生の光合成能を有する多細胞生物などが広く含まれる。藻類として、具体的には、藍藻類、原核緑藻類、紅藻類、灰色藻類、クリプト藻類、渦鞭毛藻類、黄金色藻類、珪藻類、褐藻類、黄緑藻類、ハプト藻類、ラフィド藻類(緑色鞭藻類)、クロララクニオン藻類、ミドリムシ藻類、プラシノ藻類、緑藻類、車軸藻類などが挙げられる。
本試験例では、炭化水素産生藻類であり、緑藻類の一種であるボトリオコッカス・ブラウニーにおいて、赤色光と青色光との交互照射による増殖促進効果を検討した。
「対照区」
光源:蛍光灯、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:140μmol/m2s、12時間明期/12時間暗期
「LED区」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤87.5、青52.5μmol/m2s(赤青比5:3)、12時間赤/12時間青(赤青交互照射)
「対照区」
光源:蛍光灯、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:140μmol/m2s、12時間明期/12時間暗期
「LED区A」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤87.5、青52.5μmol/m2s(赤青比5:3)、12時間赤/12時間青(赤青交互照射)
「LED区B」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤87.5、青52.5μmol/m2s(赤青比5:3)、12時間明期/12時間暗期(赤青同時照射)
本試験例では、実験用藻類として広く用いられ、サプリメント食品などにも応用されているクロレラ属緑藻類の一種であるクロレラ・ケスレリにおいて、赤色光と青色光との交互照射による増殖促進効果を検討した。
「対照区」
光源:蛍光灯、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:140μmol/m2s、12時間明期/12時間暗期
「LED区A」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、12時間明期/12時間暗期(赤青同時照射)
「LED区B」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、12時間赤/12時間青(赤青交互照射)
「LED区C」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、3時間赤/3時間青(赤青交互照射)
「LED区D」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、0.1時間赤/0.1時間青(赤青交互照射)
本試験例では、魚類の色揚げや、化粧品及び抗酸化効果を有するサプリメントなどに利用されるアスタキサンチンを生産する緑藻類の一種であるヘマトコッカス・ラクストリスにおいて、赤色光と青色光との交互照射による増殖促進効果を検討した。
「対照区」
光源:蛍光灯、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:140μmol/m2s、12時間明期/12時間暗期
「LED区A」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、12時間明期/12時間暗期(赤青同時照射)
「LED区B」
光源:赤色LED及び青色LED、照明光の光合成光量子束密度:赤105、青35μmol/m2s(赤青比3:1)、12時間赤/12時間青(赤青交互照射)
Claims (8)
- 赤色光照明光を藻類に照射する手順と、青色光照明光を前記藻類に照射する手順と、を一定期間内に別個独立に行うことによって前記藻類の増殖を促進する藻類培養方法。
- 前記赤色光照明光を照射する手順と、前記青色光照明光を照射する手順と、を交互に連続して行う請求項1記載の藻類培養方法。
- 前記赤色光照明光を照射する手順と、前記青色光照明光を照射する手順と、を前記藻類の細胞分裂周期に応じた時間間隔で切り換えて行う請求項1又は2記載の藻類培養方法。
- 前記藻類は、ボトリオコッカス(Botryococcus)属又はクロレラ(Chlorella)属の緑藻類である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の藻類培養方法。
- 前記藻類は、ヘマトコッカス(Hematococcus)属の緑藻類である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の藻類培養方法。
- 赤色光照明光と青色光照明光を藻類に照射する光照射部と、
光照射部を制御して、前記赤色光照明光を前記藻類に照射するステップと、前記青色光照明光を前記藻類に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に実行する制御部と、を備える藻類培養装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記光照射部から放射される前記赤色光照明光及び前記青色光照明光の光量、波長及び/又は照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させる請求項6記載の藻類培養装置。
- 前記光照射部に、赤色光又は青色光を放射する発光ダイオードを含む請求項6又は7記載の藻類培養装置。
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EP3508567A4 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2020-02-19 | Showa Denko K.K. | METHOD FOR CULTURING PHOTOSYNTHETIC MICROALGAE |
WO2018056160A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-29 | 日本水産株式会社 | アスタキサンチンの生産方法 |
CN109642246A (zh) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-04-16 | 日本水产株式会社 | 虾青素的生产方法 |
CN113875514A (zh) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-04 | 株式会社理光 | 栽培方法、信息处理方法、控制方法、信息处理装置及控制装置 |
US11864507B2 (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2024-01-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Cultivation method, information processing apparatus, and control apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20140165462A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
WO2013021952A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5729786B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2740349B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
EP2740348B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
EP2740348A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
TW201306733A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
JPWO2013021675A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
TWI551216B (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
JP2015142585A (ja) | 2015-08-06 |
CN103747670B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
EP2740348A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2740349A4 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
TW201306734A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
JP5729785B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
CN103687478A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2013021676A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP2015128448A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
RU2014108314A (ru) | 2015-09-10 |
TWI693882B (zh) | 2020-05-21 |
RU2593905C2 (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
CN103687478B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
US20140170733A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
CN103747670A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
JP5926834B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
EP2740349A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
JPWO2013021952A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
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