WO2013015323A1 - 非塗工紙及び塗工紙 - Google Patents
非塗工紙及び塗工紙 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013015323A1 WO2013015323A1 PCT/JP2012/068854 JP2012068854W WO2013015323A1 WO 2013015323 A1 WO2013015323 A1 WO 2013015323A1 JP 2012068854 W JP2012068854 W JP 2012068854W WO 2013015323 A1 WO2013015323 A1 WO 2013015323A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- paper
- coated paper
- fiber length
- fatty acid
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/06—Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/50—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording
- B41M5/502—Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity, e.g. for ink-jet or thermal dye transfer recording characterised by structural details, e.g. multilayer materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-coated paper used for electrophotography or inkjet applications, for example, in copying machines and printers.
- the present invention also relates to non-coated paper used for printing applications such as offset printing.
- the present invention relates to a coated paper containing a large amount of a compound that inhibits interfiber bonding such as long chain fatty acids and higher alcohols and has a low moisture content in the paper. More specifically, the present invention can reduce the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles that tend to occur in the post-printing drying process during offset rotary printing, and has excellent dimensional stability. It is related with the coated paper which suppressed generation
- a lignocellulosic material As a papermaking raw material, it is necessary to digest this into a chemical pulp, or mechanically process it using a refiner or the like to obtain a mechanical pulp. These pulps are bleached as desired, adjusted to a desired whiteness, and then used as a papermaking raw material.
- the chemical pulping method is mainly used because it is easy to adjust to the desired whiteness or pulp characteristics, and in particular, the cooking method called the kraft method can regenerate chemicals and has few restrictions on the raw materials used. For the reason, it has become the mainstream of chemical pulping.
- wood chips are first pulped by a cooking process such as a kraft method, and subjected to multi-stage bleaching to obtain bleached pulp.
- a cooking process such as a kraft method
- chlorine bleaching chemicals such as molecular chlorine (C), hypochlorite (H), and / or chlorine dioxide (D) have been widely used for bleaching paper pulp, especially molecular chlorine.
- C molecular chlorine
- H hypochlorite
- D chlorine dioxide
- CEHD or C / DEHED C / D is a bleaching stage where chlorine and chlorine dioxide are used together
- E is an alkali extraction stage
- pulp bleaching is generally performed in multiple stages, but it has been customary to use molecular chlorine in the first stage where the most amount of bleaching chemicals is used.
- ECF elementary chlorin-free pulp
- TCF totally chlorin-free
- Paper with poor dimensional stability that is, with a high expansion / contraction rate, was fed to a copier or printer as electrophotographic paper immediately after opening the wrapping paper that wrapped the paper, or in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. In this case, wrinkles tend to occur frequently immediately after copying or immediately after printing.
- uncoated paper having a static friction coefficient that is too large or too small when used as an electrophotographic or inkjet paper in a copying machine or printer, is used for paper double feeding (when paper is fed into the machine, 2).
- a phenomenon of feeding sheets or more), a paper jam, a paper empty feed (a phenomenon in which no paper is fed into the machine), or a corner failure is likely to occur.
- the causes of such running failure include insufficient paper rigidity, paper curl, static electricity, etc., but the influence of the static friction coefficient of the paper is particularly large.
- the paper that wraps the paper is opened, fed to a copier or a printer, and then traveled frequently, immediately after copying or immediately after printing. Cheap.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are technologies that prevent the static friction coefficient from becoming too small by using a pulp in which long-chain fatty acids and higher aliphatic alcohols are reduced, and obtain paper with reduced running failure. It is described in.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for subjecting unbleached pulp to a surfactant and then multi-stage bleaching
- Patent Document 2 discloses multi-stage bleaching. Discloses a technique for performing a specific amount of ozone treatment.
- the printing method has shifted from an offset sheet-fed printing method (hereinafter referred to as “sheet-fed printing”) to an offset rotary printing method (hereinafter referred to as “off-wheel printing”) with labor saving and speeding up. .
- sheet-fed printing an offset sheet-fed printing method
- off-wheel printing an offset rotary printing method
- the off-ring printing has a higher printing speed and can save labor in the post-process, and thus has a much higher productivity than the sheet-fed printing.
- the off-wheel printing has some quality problems that cannot be seen in sheet-fed printing because hot air drying is performed immediately after printing. Among them, the most important and difficult problem to solve is off-wheel wrinkles (sometimes referred to as elbows in the printing industry), and the drying shrinkage of the image areas and non-image areas in the drying process of off-wheel printing.
- a mechanism for wrinkling due to the difference in rate has been proposed.
- the freeness of hardwood pulp having a lumen width (L) to fiber width (D) ratio L / D of 0.15 to 0.35 is set to 200 to 350 ml, and this is mixed with 10 to 35 mass% of the total pulp.
- Patent Document 5 a method for suppressing off-wrinkle has also been proposed (Patent Document 5), since such a pulp has a rigid fiber and a square shape and is large in shape, sufficient smoothness can be obtained by calendaring. There is a difficulty that it is difficult to obtain.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 a method of reducing off-wrinkles by applying a surface sizing agent or a surface sizing agent and a plastic pigment on the surface of the coating layer of the coated paper (Patent Documents 8 and 9) or offset rotary printing. Containing 0.1 to 10% by mass of a mixture of a cationic fatty acid amide and a nonionic wetting agent relative to the mass of the base paper (Patent Document 10) as a base paper for coated paper, and a pulp having scale-like external fibrils A method (Patent Document 11) has also been proposed in which paper with good dimensional stability is obtained by making paper by adding it to a paper stock, but a sufficient effect is not necessarily obtained.
- JP 2003-96681 A JP 2003-96682 A JP 58-186700 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-056786 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-226979 JP 2000-45199 A JP 2002-347111 A JP 2002-263888 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-091986 JP 2006-291393 A JP 2008-248459 A
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot sufficiently control the static friction coefficient of paper. Also, the dimensional stability of the obtained paper was not good.
- the present invention is a paper (non-coated) having a controlled coefficient of static friction, good dimensional stability, and reduced occurrence of running defects and wrinkles when used in electrophotography or inkjet applications in copying machines and printers. (Professional paper) is an issue.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide paper (non-coated paper) in which the occurrence of curling is suppressed when used for printing applications such as offset printing.
- the present invention can reduce the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles (offsets) during offset rotary printing, has excellent dimensional stability, and suppresses the occurrence of curling that tends to occur after printing during offset sheet-fed printing. Providing industrial paper is an issue.
- the present inventors have found that a monovalent straight-chain alcohol having 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms and a carbon number having 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms.
- the linear fatty acid content of any one of the non-coated papers By controlling the linear fatty acid content of any one of the non-coated papers to a specific amount, the dimensional stability of the paper can be adjusted well, and these linear alcohols and linear fatty acids are not coated.
- the inventors found that the coefficient of static friction can be adjusted by controlling the abundance on the paper surface to a specific amount, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present inventors are coated paper in which at least one coating layer containing a pigment and an adhesive is provided on a base paper, and the carbon is contained in the base paper. Control the content of monovalent linear alcohol having any of 24, 26, or 28 and linear fatty acid having any of 24, 26, or 28 in the base paper to a specific amount. As a result, it was found that the dimensional stability of the coated paper can be adjusted well, curling can be suppressed, and generation of off-ring wrinkles can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the non-coated paper according to one aspect of the present invention includes a monovalent linear alcohol having 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms and a straight line having any of 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms.
- the total content of the chain fatty acid is 100 to 2000 ppm, and the total amount of the linear alcohol and the linear fatty acid on the surface measured by a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer is 15 or less. It is characterized by that.
- the non-coated paper according to another aspect of the present invention includes calcium carbonate and colloidal silica as long as the ash content measured by the ash content test method (525 ° C. combustion method) described in JIS P 8251: 2003 is 35% by mass or less.
- the non-coated paper according to still another aspect of the present invention has a freeness measured according to JIS P 8121: 1995 of disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998. 550 ml and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.90.
- the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121: 1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 350 to 550 ml, and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.80 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.60.
- the non-coated paper of the present invention preferably has a static friction coefficient of 0.40 to 0.70.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a coated paper in which at least one coating layer containing a pigment and an adhesive is provided on a base paper, and has any of 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms.
- the total content of monovalent linear alcohol and linear fatty acid having 24, 26, or 28 carbon atoms contained in the base paper is 100 to 2000 ppm.
- the coated paper according to still another aspect of the present invention has a freeness measured in accordance with JIS P 8121-1995 of a disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by a pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998. 550 ml, JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.90. It is preferable that Furthermore, the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121-1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 400 to 500 ml, and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.80 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.60. It is preferable that
- the present invention relates to the following.
- a monovalent linear alcohol having a carbon number selected from the group consisting of 24, 26, and 28, and a carbon number selected from the group consisting of 24, 26, and 28 carbon atoms
- the total content of a certain linear fatty acid is 100 to 2000 ppm with respect to the mass of the whole paper, and the linear alcohol and the linear fatty acid on the surface measured with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer
- Non-coated paper with a total abundance of 15 or less
- the combustion method) described in JIS P 8251: 2003 is 35% by mass or less
- the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121: 1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 380 to 550 ml, and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30.
- the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121: 1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 350 to 550 ml, and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method specified in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.80 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30.
- the non-coated paper according to (1) or (2) which is ⁇ 1.60
- the total content of the monovalent linear alcohol having a carbon number and the linear fatty acid having a carbon number selected from the group consisting of 24, 26, and 28 is from 100 to the total mass of the base paper Coated paper which is 2000ppm, (7)
- the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121-1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 380 to 550 ml, and JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30.
- paper non-coated
- Paper having a controlled coefficient of static friction, good dimensional stability, and reduced occurrence of running defects and wrinkles when used in a copier or printer.
- it is possible to provide a paper (non-coated paper) in which the occurrence of curling is suppressed when used for printing applications such as offset printing.
- the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles is reduced, the dimensional stability is good, and the occurrence of post-printing during offset sheet-fed printing. It is possible to provide a coated paper that suppresses the occurrence of curls.
- the non-coated paper according to the first aspect of the present invention is a monovalent linear alcohol having at least one carbon number selected from the group consisting of 24, 26, and 28 (hereinafter, linear alcohol). (In some cases, it is referred to as (A).) And a linear fatty acid having at least one carbon number selected from the group consisting of 24, 26, and 28 (hereinafter referred to as linear fatty acid (B)).
- the total content contained in the whole paper is 100 to 2000 ppm with respect to the weight of the whole paper, and the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper And the total abundance is controlled to 15 or less.
- the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper is measured with a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as TOF-SIMS). Value.
- TOF-SIMS time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the non-coated paper is 100 ppm or more with respect to the total mass of the non-coated paper, the water repellency of the pulp fibers is improved and the paper The moisture content can be reduced and the dimensional stability is improved.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) inhibit the interfiber bond of the paper and loosen the interfiber bond, so that the expansion and contraction of the paper can be suppressed even when the moisture in the environment changes. Dimensional stability can be maintained well. Further, curling is less likely to occur.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) is preferably 300 ppm or more, more preferably 500 ppm or more, and still more preferably 700 ppm or more with respect to the mass of the whole uncoated paper.
- the range of the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) is preferably 300 to 2000 ppm, more preferably 500 to 2000 ppm, still more preferably 700 to 2000, based on the total mass of the non-coated paper. .
- the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper measured by a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer is 15 or less, the static friction of the non-coated paper The coefficient does not become too low, and as a result, running failures such as idle feeding, paper jams, and double feeding in a copying machine or printer are suppressed.
- the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 15, more preferably 0.5 to 10. .
- the lower limit value is 0.5 or more, the static friction coefficient of the non-coated paper does not become too high, and there is a tendency that running failures such as idling, paper jam, or double feeding due to the high static friction coefficient can be further suppressed. .
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the entire paper is appropriately selected from pulp raw materials (hardwood, softwood, non-wood pulp fiber chips, waste paper, waste paper, etc.) Cooking step for cooking the raw materials (including washing in the cooking step); bleaching step for unbleached pulp obtained by cooking (including washing and dehydration in the bleaching step); or beaten the obtained bleached pulp It can adjust by controlling each process, such as a papermaking process after having performed.
- the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the paper surface is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, colloidal silica, and calcined kaolin in the paper making process.
- non-coated paper It can be controlled by adjusting the content of the non-coated paper, for example, by adding it to the paper stock.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) are adsorbed on these, and as a result, it is difficult to exist on the paper surface. It is thought that the total abundance of these on the surface is reduced.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a coated paper in which at least one coating layer containing a pigment and an adhesive is provided on the base paper, and the base paper has 24, 26, and 28 carbon atoms.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) according to the second aspect of the present invention are synonymous with the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) according to the first aspect.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) improve the water repellency of the pulp fiber, reduce the moisture content of the paper, improve the dimensional stability, and lower the equilibrium moisture of the paper.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) inhibit the interfiber bond of the paper and loosen the interfiber bond, so that the expansion and contraction of the paper can be suppressed even when the moisture in the environment changes. Dimensional stability can be maintained well. Further, curling is less likely to occur. Therefore, drying shrinkage is suppressed during heat drying in offset rotary printing, and the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles is reduced.
- paper has a defect such as dust (a straight-chain alcohol or straight-chain fatty acid hardens and appears as black or brown spots, and in some cases, transparent spots).
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) is preferably 300 to 1800 ppm, more preferably 500 to 1500 ppm, based on the total mass of the base paper.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the base paper is appropriately selected from pulp raw materials (hardwood, conifer, non-wood pulp fiber chips, waste paper, waste paper, etc.) Cooking process to digest raw materials (including washing in cooking process); bleaching process of unbleached pulp obtained by cooking (including washing and dehydration in bleaching process); or after beating the obtained bleached pulp It can be adjusted by controlling each process such as a papermaking process.
- the raw material of the pulp used for the production of the non-coated paper and the coated paper of the present invention may be any of hardwood, softwood and non-wood pulp fiber, and two or more raw materials may be used in combination. It is preferable to use a hardwood material containing at least a relatively large amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) from the viewpoint that the non-coated paper and coated paper of the present invention can be easily obtained.
- tree species containing a large amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) include Acacia mangium (Acacia mangum), A. auriculiformis (Acacia auricularis), A. catchu (Acacia catechu), A.C. decurrens, A.A. holoserica (Acacia holosericia), A.I. leptocarpa (Acacia leptocarpa), A. Maidenii (Acacia Maidenii), A. mearnsii (Acacia merancy), A.M. melanoxylon (acacia melanoxylone), A.I.
- hybrid hybrids of these hybrids (hybrid: hybrid) are mentioned, and it is preferable to use at least one of these species.
- the blending amount of the hardwood, especially acacia wood is preferably 30% by mass or more based on the mass of the whole pulp raw material.
- the content is less than 30% by mass, the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) contained in the base paper, which is a feature of the present invention, is 100 ppm relative to the total mass of the paper or the total base paper.
- the moisture content of the paper becomes too high, and the dimensional stability due to moisture changes in the environment becomes insufficient. Moreover, curling generation is also insufficient. Furthermore, the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles becomes a problem during heat drying in offset rotary printing.
- the range of the amount of the acacia wood is preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 30 to 90%, still more preferably 30 to 70% with respect to the mass of the whole pulp raw material.
- Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus camaldulensis
- E. coli. deglupta eucalyptus degrupta
- E.I. maculata eucalyptus maculata
- E. coli. punctata Eucalypanthata
- E.C. saligna Eucalis saligna
- E.I. tereticornis Eucali Telenicornis
- E.I. urophylla eucalyptus eurofira
- A.M. auracocarpa Acacia auracocarpa
- A. Examples thereof include a classiccarpa and a hybrid (hybrid) of these. “A.” stands for acacia and “E.” stands for eucalyptus.
- the coniferous material is not particularly limited, but white spruce or white spruce such as White Spruce, Black Spruce, or Hemlock, White Fire, Douglas Fir (Douglas Fir) , Or fir trees such as Balsam Fir (balsam fur), poplar trees such as Aspen (Aspen), Southern Pine, Radiata Pine, Lodgepole Pine (Lodpole pole), Eli An pine tree such as Eliot Pine) or a cedar tree such as Red Ceder is preferably used.
- white spruce or white spruce such as White Spruce, Black Spruce, or Hemlock, White Fire, Douglas Fir (Douglas Fir) , Or fir trees such as Balsam Fir (balsam fur), poplar trees such as Aspen (Aspen), Southern Pine, Radiata Pine, Lodgepole Pine (Lodpole pole), Eli An pine tree such as Eliot Pine) or a cedar tree such as Red Ceder is preferably used.
- non-wood pulp fibers examples include bast fibers such as mulberry or mitsumata, leaf fibers such as manila hemp or sisal hemp, or seed hair fibers such as cotton or cotton linter, among others.
- bast fibers such as mulberry or mitsumata
- leaf fibers such as manila hemp or sisal hemp
- seed hair fibers such as cotton or cotton linter, among others.
- uniformity of quality, price, etc. Manila hemp from the Philippines or Ecuador with international marketability can be suitably used.
- waste paper, waste paper, or the like can be used as a pulp raw material.
- the above-described pulp raw material is subjected to a cooking process in the form of, for example, chips to obtain unbleached pulp.
- a cooking process known cooking methods such as kraft cooking, polysulfide cooking, soda cooking, or alkali sulfite cooking can be used, but a method of cooking by adding a cooking solution in a divided manner is preferred.
- the alkali concentration in the whole cooking can be controlled, and as a result, the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the unbleached pulp obtained can be adjusted.
- the removal amount of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) can be increased, and an unbleached pulp whose total content is further reduced can be obtained.
- the removal amount of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) can be reduced.
- the specific cooking method is not particularly limited as long as it is a cooking method in which the cooking liquor can be added in a divided manner, but the kraft cooking method such as the Lo-solids method, the Compact cooking method, or the Kobudomari cooking method is compared with the conventional cooking method. It is preferably used in terms of incidental effects such that the amount of energy used at the time of cooking is small or the bleaching property of the pulp to be produced is good.
- cleaning The amount can be changed.
- the filtered water is water that is circulated and used as washing water, and the fresh water is normal water that is not circulated.
- the amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) can be reduced by increasing the proportion of filtered water, and the proportion of straight water (A) can be reduced directly by increasing the proportion of fresh water.
- the removal amount of chain fatty acid (B) can be increased.
- the degree of sulfidation of the cooking liquor is 5 to 75%, preferably 15 to 45%, and the effective alkali addition rate is 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 25% by weight, based on the mass of absolutely dry wood.
- the cooking temperature is 130 to 170 ° C., and the cooking method may be either a continuous cooking method or a batch cooking method.
- a cyclic keto compound known as a cooking aid in the cooking solution used for example, benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, anthrone, phenanthroquinone, and a nuclear substitution product such as alkyl or amino of the quinone compound; 1 selected from hydroquinone-based compounds such as anthrahydroquinone, which is a reduced form of the above-mentioned compounds; and 9,10-diketohydroanthracene compounds, which are stable compounds obtained as intermediates in the anthraquinone synthesis method by the Diels-Alder method Seeds or two or more cooking aids may be added, and the addition rate is 0.001 to 1.0 mass% per the absolute dry mass of the material.
- the unbleached pulp obtained by the cooking process is appropriately subjected to rough selection and selection, and then the bleaching process is performed.
- the bleaching step include a method in which an alkaline oxygen bleaching method and multi-stage bleaching are sequentially performed, washing is performed between these bleaches, and washing and dehydration are performed after the last bleaching.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) removed at the time of these washing
- the filtered water is water that is circulated and the fresh water is normal water that is not circulated.
- the removal amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) is increased, and the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) is contained.
- the amount can be reduced.
- the removal amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) can be decreased by increasing the ratio of filtrate water.
- the removal amount of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) can be increased by increasing the temperature of the water used, and the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid can be increased by decreasing the temperature.
- the removal amount of (B) can be reduced.
- a prescription such as lowering the temperature of the washing water used in the alkali oxygen bleaching method may be adopted.
- the removal amount of a linear alcohol (A) and a linear fatty acid (B) can be increased in a bleaching process by making high the density
- the bleaching step first, delignification is performed by the alkaline oxygen bleaching method as described above. By delignifying by the alkaline oxygen bleaching method, the amount of bleaching chemical used in the subsequent multistage bleaching step can be reduced, and the degradation of pulp quality can be minimized.
- the alkaline oxygen bleaching method a known medium concentration method or high concentration method can be applied as it is, but a medium concentration method which is currently used for a pulp concentration of 8 to 15% by mass is preferred.
- caustic soda or oxidized kraft white liquor can be used as the alkali.
- oxygen gas oxygen from a cryogenic separation method, PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) Oxygen, oxygen from VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption), or the like can be used.
- PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
- VSA Vauum Swing Adsorption
- the oxygen gas addition rate is 0.5 to 3% by mass per the dry pulp mass
- the alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4% by mass
- the reaction temperature is 80 to 120 ° C.
- the reaction time is 15 to 100 minutes
- the alkali oxygen bleaching step the alkali oxygen bleaching is preferably performed twice or more continuously.
- the alkaline oxygen bleaching is preferably performed up to 3 times.
- the pulp that has been subjected to alkaline oxygen bleaching is then washed and then sent to a multistage bleaching process.
- a multi-stage bleaching process it is preferable to use an ozone bleaching stage (Z).
- ozone bleaching stage By using the ozone bleaching stage, hexeneuronic acid contained in a large amount in pulp from acacia wood or eucalyptus wood can be decomposed, and the color return of the pulp due to hexeneuronic acid can be suppressed.
- the treatment conditions of the ozone bleaching stage are not particularly limited, but when ozone is excessively reacted, the pulp strength is impaired. Therefore, the ozone addition rate is preferably 0.1 per mass of the dry pulp.
- the treatment temperature is 10 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 70 ° C.
- the treatment time is 1 second to 60 minutes, preferably 10 seconds to 5 minutes
- the treatment pH is 1.5 to 7, preferably 2 to 4.
- the pulp concentration in the ozone bleaching stage may be medium or high and is not limited. If desired, chlorine dioxide or other bleaching chemicals can be used in combination.
- the bleaching stage that can be used in the multi-stage bleaching process is not particularly limited, and a known bleaching stage can be used.
- Known bleaching stages include chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D), alkali extraction stage (E), oxygen bleaching stage (O), hydrogen peroxide bleaching stage (P), peracid bleaching stage (PA), acid washing stage (a ) Or acid treatment stage (A).
- Examples of the multi-stage bleaching process include ZEPD, ZEDP, ZEPP, AZPEPD, and AZED.
- the bleached pulp obtained by the bleaching process as described above is sent to the papermaking process through a known beating process if desired.
- the bleached pulp sent to the papermaking process preferably has a total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) of 300 ppm or more with respect to the total mass of bleached pulp sent to the beating process. More preferably, it is 600 ppm or more, more preferably 1,000 ppm or more.
- uncoated paper having a total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) of 100 to 2000 ppm relative to the mass of the whole paper or the whole base paper, Easy to obtain coated paper.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the bleached pulp sent to the papermaking process is preferably 300 to 3500 ppm with respect to the mass of the entire paper or the entire base paper, 600 -3500 ppm is more preferable, and 1000-3500 ppm is more preferable.
- an acidic papermaking method or a neutral or alkaline papermaking method can be arbitrarily adopted, and the papermaking equipment includes a long net paper machine, an on-top type paper machine, a twin wire type paper machine, or a Yankee paper machine. Can be used.
- controlling the yield of fine fibers is important in adjusting the total content of the straight chain alcohol (A) and the straight chain fatty acid (B) in the base paper of the non-coated paper and coated paper. . That is, since the fine fiber has a large content of the straight chain alcohol (A) and the straight chain fatty acid (B), the yield of the fine fiber in the paper making process is not directly affected by the obtained non-coated paper and the base paper of the coated paper. The total content of the chain alcohol (A) and the straight chain fatty acid (B) is affected.
- the yield of fine fibers can be reduced by increasing the paper making speed, the mesh size of the wire mesh, or the foil angle, respectively, or by reducing the amount of the added yield agent or coagulant.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the base paper of the non-coated paper and coated paper obtained can be greatly reduced.
- the yield of fine fibers can also be reduced by changing the ratio of white water (circulated reuse water including pulp fibers) / fresh water used for papermaking to increase the ratio of fresh water.
- the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) are adsorbed on these substances, and as a result, the linear alcohol (A) on the surface of the non-coated paper measured by TOF-SIMS. ) And the linear fatty acid (B) can be reduced to 15 or less, more preferably 0.5 to 10.
- Each addition amount and total addition amount of calcium carbonate, colloidal silica, and calcined kaolin is such that the total abundance of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper falls within the above range.
- the ash content measured by the ash content test method (525 ° C. combustion method) described in JIS P 8251: 2003 in the base paper of the uncoated paper or coated paper finally obtained is 35% by mass. It is preferable to add in the following range. If the addition exceeds 35% by mass, problems such as a decrease in paper strength due to these additions may occur, and inconveniences such as poor operability during papermaking may occur.
- the range of the ash content is preferably 0.5 to 35% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 20% by mass.
- the amount added is less than the lower limit, the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper may not be within the above range.
- the upper limit is exceeded, problems such as reduction in paper strength due to the addition of these may occur, and inconveniences such as poor operability during papermaking may occur.
- the content of calcium carbonate in the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper is based on the total mass of the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper. 1.0 to 15.0% by mass is preferably added so that the content of colloidal silica is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the uncoated paper or the base paper of the coated paper. .
- the content of colloidal silica in the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper is based on the total mass of the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper.
- the content of calcined kaolin is 0.5 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the uncoated paper or the base paper of the coated paper .
- the content of calcium carbonate in the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper is based on the total mass of the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper.
- 1.0 to 15.0% by mass is preferably added so that the content of the calcined kaolin is 0.5 to 10.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the uncoated paper or the base paper of the coated paper. .
- the content of calcium carbonate in the non-coated paper or the base paper of the coated paper is the mass of the whole base paper of the non-coated paper or coated paper. 1.0 to 15.0% by mass with respect to the mass of the colloidal silica, 0.01 to 2.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the uncoated paper or the base paper of the coated paper, and the content of calcined kaolin. Is preferably added in an amount of 0.5 to 10.0% by mass relative to the total mass of the uncoated paper or the base paper of the coated paper.
- the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the non-coated paper is thus selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, colloidal silica, and calcined kaolin in the stock. It can be adjusted by adding at least one substance.
- Calcium carbonate preferably has an average particle diameter of 1.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m by a laser diffraction scattering method. Either heavy calcium carbonate or light calcium carbonate can be used, but light calcium carbonate is preferred.
- the colloidal silica preferably has an average particle diameter of 1 to 200 nm by a dynamic light scattering method, more preferably 2 to 100 nm, still more preferably 2 to 50 nm, and particularly preferably 2 to 9 nm.
- the calcined kaolin preferably has an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 10.0 ⁇ m as measured by a laser diffraction scattering method.
- the paper stock is made of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of bleached pulp, calcium carbonate, colloidal silica, and calcined kaolin.
- Examples of the filler added in the production of the uncoated paper and the base paper of the coated paper of the present invention include calcium sulfite, gypsum, talc, kaolin, delaminated kaolin, hydrated silicate, diatomaceous earth, magnesium carbonate, Examples include inorganic pigments such as barium carbonate, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or zinc hydroxide, and organic pigments such as urea / formalin resin fine particles or fine hollow particles it can. Moreover, when used paper, waste paper, etc. are used as a pulp raw material, the filler contained in these can also be contained. Two or more fillers can be used in combination.
- Specific examples of the internal sizing agent in the production of the non-coated paper and the base paper of the coated paper of the present invention include, for example, alkyl ketene dimer type, alkenyl ketene dimer type, alkenyl succinic anhydride type, styrene-acrylic type, high grade Examples include sizing agents such as fatty acid-based, petroleum resin-based, and rosin-based. Specific examples of yield improvers, drainage improvers, and paper strength enhancers include, for example, polyvalent metal compounds such as aluminum (specifically, sulfate bands, aluminum chloride, sodium aluminate, or bases). Examples thereof include various types of starch, polyacrylamide, urea resin, polyamide polyamine resin, polyethyleneimine, polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene oxide.
- a bulking agent having a function of inhibiting the binding between pulp fibers and a softening agent are used as long as the desired effects of the present invention are not hindered. It is also possible.
- Specific examples of the bulking agent and the softener include, for example, an ester compound of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid, a polyoxyalkylene compound of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid ester compound, a fatty acid polyamidoamine, a polyhydric alcohol surfactant, or an oil and fat. Examples thereof include nonionic surfactants.
- the amount of the bulking agent and softening agent added is generally about 0.05 to 2.0% by mass with respect to the pulp. These internally added chemicals are preferably added before a fan pump that requires a large share.
- the base material of the non-coated paper and coated paper of the present invention includes sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and tin oxide for the purpose of adjusting the electrical resistance value.
- Inorganic materials such as aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide, and organic materials such as alkyl phosphate ester salts, alkyl sulfate ester salts, sodium sulfonate salts, or quaternary ammonium salts may be used alone or in combination. it can. In consideration of environmental conservation, those not containing chlorine molecules are preferable.
- non-coated paper and coated paper of the present invention non-coated paper and coated paper of the present invention, non-coated paper and base paper made by using various paper machines, using a size press machine, such as synthetic adhesive such as polyacrylamide, starch, etc.
- a size press machine such as synthetic adhesive such as polyacrylamide, starch, etc.
- non-coated paper and the base paper for coated paper may be subjected to a smoothing finishing process using a soft calendar or the like.
- the size press device examples include a conventional general-purpose type two-roll type size press device, a gate roll size press, or a transfer type size press device such as an application head metering size press such as a shim sizer.
- the base paper of the non-coated paper and coated paper of the present invention as a size press apparatus attached to and used in a high-speed paper machine, from the viewpoint of obtaining operability and excellent quality, such as an application head metering size press A transfer type size press is preferred.
- the coating amount of the size press solution is preferably about 0.5 to 13 g / m 2 (in terms of solid content).
- the adhesive in the size press liquid supplied to the size press device The solid content concentration is usually 2 to 12% by mass, preferably 4 to 10% by mass. If the solid content concentration exceeds 12% by mass, the penetration of the size press liquid into the base paper is not sufficiently performed, and the effect of improving the interlaminar strength is small. However, the amount of the size press liquid that can be permeated is naturally limited, and as a result, the amount of adhesive in the paper layer becomes insufficient, and the effect of improving the strength between the paper layers cannot be expected. In addition, if the concentration of the size press solution is lowered more than necessary, the drying load of the base paper after the size press treatment increases, which is not a desirable embodiment in high-speed papermaking.
- the adhesive used in the size press process in the production of the uncoated paper and the base paper of the coated paper of the present invention includes starch purified from natural plants, hydroxyethylated starch, oxidized starch, etherified starch, phosphate ester Modified starch, enzyme-modified starch and cold water soluble starch obtained by flash drying them; or natural polysaccharides such as dextrin, mannan, chitosan, arabinogalactan, glycogen, inulin, pectin, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, or hydroxyethylcellulose And oligomers thereof, and modified products thereof.
- natural proteins such as casein, gelatin, soybean protein, or collagen and modified products thereof; or synthetic polymers and oligomers such as polylactic acid or peptides
- synthetic polymers and oligomers such as polylactic acid or peptides
- each (co) polymer latex such as styrene-butadiene, acrylic, polyvinyl acetate, or ethylene-vinyl acetate; or polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, urea, or
- water-soluble polymers such as melamine / formalin resin, polyethyleneimine, or polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin.
- the use of known natural or synthetic organic compounds is not particularly limited.
- a pigment to the size press liquid of the base paper of uncoated paper and coated paper if desired.
- the pigment include pigments for ordinary coated paper such as kaolin, barium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, satin white, titanium dioxide, calcium sulfite, zinc sulfate, or plastic pigment.
- kaolin kaolin
- barium sulfate light calcium carbonate
- heavy calcium carbonate aluminum hydroxide
- satin white titanium dioxide
- calcium sulfite zinc sulfate
- plastic pigment can be mentioned.
- use of heavy calcium carbonate is preferable because the air permeability of the base paper can be lowered and blister trouble can be suppressed when printed on an offset rotary printing press.
- the blending ratio is preferably 5 to 200 parts by weight of the adhesive with respect to 100 parts by weight of the pigment, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by weight. preferable.
- the coating amount of the size press solution is preferably about 0.5 to 13 g / m 2 .
- calcium carbonate is used in the size press solution for the base paper of non-coated paper and coated paper, it is preferable to adjust the amount of calcium carbonate added, including the amount thereof, within the above range.
- Each component added to the non-coated paper exemplified above has an ash content of the obtained non-coated paper (according to ash test method (525 ° C. combustion method) described in JIS P 8251: 2003) of 35% by mass or less. It is preferable to add in the range.
- the ash content here includes the ash content originally contained in the pulp and the ash content contained in the old paper when used as a raw material. Therefore, each component is added in consideration of the amount of ash derived from these raw materials.
- the basis weight of the non-coated paper made under these paper making conditions is preferably 30 to 150 g / m 2 and more preferably 64 to 110 g / m 2 .
- the basis weight exceeds 150 g / m 2 , the heat capacity becomes too large during heat fixing when used in a copying machine, so that the toner cannot be melted uniformly and unevenly, resulting in uneven melting.
- uneven gloss or density in the density portion fixing failure may occur, or the paper becomes too large, resulting in poor running.
- the non-coated paper and the base paper of the coated paper thus produced have a total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the whole paper of 100 to 2000 ppm, and non-coated paper. Since the total abundance of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface of the coated paper is controlled to 15 or less, the coefficient of static friction is controlled and the dimensional stability is good. In addition, the occurrence of running defects and wrinkles when used in copying machines and printers is reduced. In addition, the static friction coefficient (ISO 15359: 1999) of the non-coated paper obtained in this way is in the range of 0.40 to 0.70. The static friction coefficient is preferably 0.50 to 0.65, and more preferably 0.55 to 0.61.
- the non-coated paper of the present invention has a freeness measured in accordance with JIS P 8121: 1995 of disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998, and has a freeness of 380 to 550 ml.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.90. It is preferable that Such non-coated paper is suppressed from heat shrinkage wrinkles and the like.
- a non-coated paper obtained using acacia wood as a pulp raw material tends to have a narrow fiber length distribution coefficient.
- the freeness of the disaggregated pulp of the non-coated paper of the present invention is less than 380 ml, curling is likely to occur on the non-coated paper due to environmental changes, and double feeding is likely to occur.
- the freeness exceeds 550 ml, the pulp fibers in the non-coated paper are not uniformly dispersed, the formation is poor, and the shrinkage unevenness at the time of heat fixing occurs, so wrinkles occur. It becomes easy.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length of the disaggregated pulp of the non-coated paper of the present invention is less than 0.6 mm, the bonding area between the fibers is small and the strength is insufficient. It becomes easy.
- the texture becomes poor. Wrinkles are likely to occur in the paper.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient of the disaggregated pulp of the non-coated paper of the present invention is less than 1.30, there are few fibers of different fiber lengths that strengthen the paper interlayer bond, and the interfiber bond area becomes small and the strength becomes insufficient. The obtained non-coated paper is easily peeled from the paper.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient of the disaggregated pulp exceeds 1.60, the number of long fibers and fine fibers increases and the texture deteriorates. Therefore, when printing is performed with a non-impact printer of a type that heat fixes toner, Shrinkage stress tends to cause wrinkles on the uncoated paper.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient is a numerical value obtained by dividing the weight weighted average fiber length (W) by the number average fiber length (M), and is a value obtained by the following equation.
- Fiber length distribution coefficient weight-weighted average fiber length (W) / number average fiber length (M) The larger the fiber length distribution coefficient, the wider the fiber length distribution, and the smaller the fiber length distribution coefficient, the narrower the fiber length distribution.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length and the number average fiber length are those of JAPAN TAPPI No. It is a value measured by an optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length, fiber length distribution coefficient, and freeness of the disaggregated pulp from the produced non-coated paper are the weight-weighted average fiber length, fiber length distribution coefficient of pulp used during papermaking, And the freeness does not necessarily match. This is because when making paper, some of the fine fibers come out of the wire mesh or net, and the aggregation state of the pulp fibers changes depending on the conditions in the wire part, press part, and dryer part (drying process), In the preparation process until it is sent to the wire part, the beating method, the dehydration method in the wire part and / or various internal additives are used to improve the strength between the paper layers or to improve the yield or formation. This is for adjusting the size and / or shape of flocs formed between pulp fibers.
- More preferable uncoated paper has a freeness of disaggregated pulp of 350 to 550 ml, a weight-weighted average fiber length of 0.60 to 0.80 mm, and a fiber length distribution coefficient of 1.30 to 1.60. .
- a method for producing a non-coated paper comprising making bleached pulp, and adding the cooking liquor to the pulp raw material for cooking and / or bleaching the unbleached pulp in the washing water Adjusting the amount of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) removed during washing by changing the ratio of filtered water and fresh water contained, and bleaching the unbleached pulp , Including delignification by an alkaline oxygen bleaching method and a multi-stage bleaching step, the paper making is performed using the direct feed pulp or the pulp that has been made once for the paper stock to be made, White water that collects the water used as dilution water in the papermaking process by changing the ratio of filtered water and fresh water contained in the wash water with a valveless filter, changing the papermaking speed, changing the yield, or changing the amount of yield agent And JIS P 8251: 2003
- the ash content measured by the ash content test method (525 ° C. combustion method) is added within a range where the ash content is 35% by mass or less. It is related with the said manufacturing method whose total content with a chain fatty acid (B) is 300 ppm with respect to the total mass of bleached pulp.
- the basis weight of the base paper of the coated paper of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 25 to 150 g / m 2 , more preferably about 40 to 100 g / m 2 .
- the base paper of the coated paper of the present invention made as described above is JAPAN TAPPI Paper Pulp Test Method No. 5-2:
- the air permeability measured according to 2000 is 10 seconds or less, and the JAPAN TAPPI paper pulp test method no.
- the internal bond strength measured according to 18-2: 2000 is preferably 150 to 800 J / m 2 .
- a more preferable air permeability is 8 seconds or less.
- a more preferable internal bond strength is 300 to 600 J / m 2 . If the air permeability exceeds 10 seconds, it is difficult for water vapor in the paper layer to escape during the ink drying process during off-ring printing, and blisters may be generated on the coated paper.
- the internal bond strength is less than 150 J / m 2 , the hydrogen bond between the pulp fibers is excessively inhibited, and there is a possibility that the paper strength that can withstand the off-wheel printing cannot be secured. If the internal bond strength exceeds 800 J / m 2 , the effect of suppressing the occurrence of off-ring wrinkles is saturated, and the economy may be poor.
- the fiber orientation ratio measured based on the ultrasonic wave velocity measuring instrument of the base paper is 1.20 or less.
- the fiber orientation ratio exceeds 1.20, it is insufficient to randomize the direction of the fibers constituting the base paper of the coated paper, and the effect of suppressing the lateral propagation of the drying shrinkage force during off-ring printing is effective. Become scarce.
- the fiber orientation of the base paper refers to the tendency that the pulp fibers flow out onto the wire of the paper machine, dehydrate, and line up in the outflow (longitudinal) direction in the process of forming the paper layer.
- the number of fibers oriented in the machine direction increases, and the tensile strength and rigidity in the machine direction are transverse. It is considerably stronger or higher than the direction (width direction).
- the difference between the vertical and horizontal directions (non-uniformity) of the base paper becomes the drying shrinkage distortion of the pulp fiber at the time of off-wheel printing, which is considered to be a cause of wrinkles.
- the ultrasonic wave velocity (V md ) in the vertical direction and the ultrasonic wave velocity (V cd ) in the horizontal direction are measured by an ultrasonic method using, for example, “SONIC SHEEET TESTER” manufactured by Nomura Corporation.
- the ratio (V md / V cd ) is used as the fiber orientation ratio to evaluate the fiber orientation randomness. When the fiber orientation ratio is 1.0, the fiber orientation is completely random, but the actual machine paper has some fiber orientation.
- the fiber orientation ratio is determined by the papermaking conditions in the machine, it is necessary to make the operation on the machine appropriate.
- Possible means include optimization of machine speed, ratio of fiber suspension jet inflow speed to wire speed (J / W ratio), wire shake, homing board and weir board arrangement, or dandy roll.
- J / W ratio ratio of fiber suspension jet inflow speed to wire speed
- wire shake homing board and weir board arrangement
- dandy roll dandy roll.
- the speed of the rear part is generally faster, and paper is made while pulling the paper toward the reel. When this speed difference is increased, the pulp fibers are oriented in the flow direction.
- the method for forming a coating layer of the coated paper of the present invention comprises applying at least one coating layer mainly composed of a pigment and an adhesive to at least one side of the base paper and drying to form at least one coating layer. It is a method which has the process of forming, and the process of performing a pressurization finishing process to a base paper and a coating layer.
- the pigment that can be used when a coating layer is provided on the base paper is not particularly limited, for example, various natural kaolin, talc, or purified natural mineral pigments such as heavy calcium carbonate, light carbonate Composite synthetic pigments of calcium or calcium carbonate and other hydrophilic organic compounds, satin white, lithopone, titanium dioxide, silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcined kaolin, hollow organic pigment, dense organic Examples include, but are not limited to, pigments, plastic pigments, binder pigments, plastic beads, or microcapsules.
- various natural kaolin, talc, or purified natural mineral pigments such as heavy calcium carbonate, light carbonate Composite synthetic pigments of calcium or calcium carbonate and other hydrophilic organic compounds, satin white, lithopone, titanium dioxide, silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcined kaolin, hollow organic pigment, dense organic Examples include, but are not limited to, pigments, plastic pigments, binder pigment
- starch purified from natural plants, hydroxyethylated starch, oxidized starch, etherified starch, phosphate esterified starch, enzyme-modified starch and flash-dried them.
- Cold water-soluble starch obtained; or natural polysaccharides such as dextrin, mannan, chitosan, arabinogalactan, glycogen, inulin, pectin, hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, oligomers thereof, and modified products thereof.
- each (co) polymer latex such as styrene-butadiene, acrylic, polyvinyl acetate, or ethylene-vinyl acetate, or polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, urea, or And water-soluble polymers such as melamine / formalin resin, polyethyleneimine, or polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin.
- polymer latex such as styrene-butadiene, acrylic, polyvinyl acetate, or ethylene-vinyl acetate, or polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, urea, or
- water-soluble polymers such as melamine / formalin resin, polyethyleneimine, or polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin.
- the use of known natural and synthetic organic compounds is not particularly limited.
- carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, casein, sodium polyacrylate, or styrene-anhydrous examples thereof include water-soluble polymers such as maleic acid copolymers, and inorganic polymers such as silicates.
- auxiliaries such as a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, a water resistant agent, or a colorant, and those obtained by cationizing these various auxiliaries are preferably used.
- the method for applying the coating liquid is not particularly limited, and various blade coaters such as trailing, flexible, roll application, fountain application, or short dwell; size press, gate roll, or Various transfer coaters such as Simsizer; or each method such as air knife coater, bar coater, rod coater, rod blade coater, Champlex coater, gravure coater, curtain coater, die coater, direct fountain coater, spray coater or cast coater It can be used as appropriate. These devices may be on-machine or off-machine.
- various blade coaters such as trailing, flexible, roll application, fountain application, or short dwell; size press, gate roll, or Various transfer coaters such as Simsizer; or each method such as air knife coater, bar coater, rod coater, rod blade coater, Champlex coater, gravure coater, curtain coater, die coater, direct fountain coater, spray coater or cast coater It can be used as appropriate.
- These devices may be on-machine or off-machine.
- the coating amount of the coating layer is not particularly limited.
- both the undercoat coating layer and the topcoat coating layer are obtained in a dry mass of about 1.5 to 15 g / m 2 per side.
- various methods such as steam drying, gas heater drying, electric heater drying, and infrared heater drying can be adopted.
- a third coating layer that is in contact with the undercoat layer may be formed between the base paper and the three or more layers.
- the composition and the coating amount of the third coating layer are not particularly limited, and a coating liquid mainly containing an arbitrary pigment and / or adhesive is 0.5 to 10 g per side in terms of dry mass. / M 2 may be applied with a transfer type size press device or the like and dried.
- 1 to 4 coating layers are preferably provided on one side, more preferably 1 to 3 layers, and even more preferably 1 to 2 layers.
- a smoothing process is performed by various calendar devices.
- a calendar device examples include a super calender, a soft calender, and a gloss calender.
- Commonly used calendar devices such as a render, a compact calendar, a mat super calendar, or a mat calendar can be used as appropriate.
- the calender finishing conditions the temperature of the rigid roll, the calender pressure, the number of nips, the roll speed, the paper moisture before the calender, and the like are appropriately selected according to the required quality.
- the calendar device includes an off-type that is different from the coater and an on-type that is integrated with the coater, both of which can be used.
- the material of the calendar device to be used is a roll which is mirror-finished with a metal or a hard chrome plating on the surface of the rigid roll.
- a resin roll such as urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, phenol resin, or polyacrylate resin, or a roll formed from cotton, nylon, asbestos, aramid fiber, or the like is appropriately used. It is also possible to use an appropriate combination of a water coating device, an electrostatic humidifying device, a steam humidifying device, or the like for conditioning or humidifying the coated paper after finishing with a calendar.
- Such basis weight of the coated paper was prepared is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 ⁇ 150g / m 2, more preferably 64 ⁇ 110g / m 2.
- the coated paper of the present invention has a dimensional stability because the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the base paper is controlled to 100 to 2000 ppm with respect to the total weight of the base paper. Therefore, curling is suppressed, drying shrinkage is suppressed during heat drying in offset rotary printing, and generation of off-roll wrinkles is reduced.
- the freeness measured according to JIS P 8121-1995 of the disaggregated pulp obtained by disaggregation by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998 is 380 to 550 ml, JAPAN TAPPI No.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length measured by the pulp fiber length test method in the optical automatic measurement method defined in 52: 2000 is 0.60 to 0.90 mm, and the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.90. It is preferable that Such coated paper is suppressed from heat shrinkage and wrinkles. For example, a paper obtained using acacia wood as a pulp raw material tends to have such a narrow fiber length distribution coefficient.
- the freeness of the disaggregated pulp of the coated paper of the present invention is less than 380 ml, curling is likely to occur due to environmental changes, dimensional stability is deteriorated, and off-wrinkles are likely to occur.
- the freeness exceeds 550 ml, the pulp fibers in the paper are not uniformly dispersed, the formation is poor, and the paper is easily peeled.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length of the disaggregated pulp of the coated paper of the present invention is less than 0.60 mm, the bonding area between fibers becomes small and the strength becomes insufficient, so that the paper is easily peeled.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length of the disaggregated pulp exceeds 0.90 mm, the interfiber bonding area increases, the dimensional stability deteriorates, and off-roll wrinkles tend to occur.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient of the disaggregated pulp of the coated paper of the present invention is less than 1.30, there are few fibers of different fiber lengths that strengthen the paper interlayer bond, and the bond area between fibers becomes small and the strength is insufficient. Paper delamination becomes easy.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient of the disaggregated pulp exceeds 1.90, the number of long fibers and fine fibers increases, the interfiber bonding area increases, the dimensional stability deteriorates, and off-wrinkles tend to occur.
- the fiber length distribution coefficient is synonymous with the fiber length distribution coefficient of the non-coated paper described above.
- the weight-weighted average fiber length, fiber length distribution coefficient, and freeness of the disaggregated pulp from the manufactured coated paper are the weight-weighted average fiber length, fiber length distribution coefficient, and pulp used in papermaking. It does not necessarily match the freeness. This is because part of the fine fibers come off from the wire mesh or net when making paper, and the aggregation state of pulp fibers changes depending on the conditions in the wire part, press part, or dryer part (drying process), In the preparation process until it is sent to the wire part, in order to improve the strength between the paper layers, or to improve the yield and formation, the beating method, the dehydration method in the wire part and / or various internal chemicals This is for adjusting the size and / or shape of flocs formed between pulp fibers.
- the freeness of the disaggregated pulp is more preferably 400 to 500 ml
- the weight-weighted average fiber length is 0.60 to 0.80 mm
- the fiber length distribution coefficient is 1.30 to 1.60. It is.
- the coated paper of the present invention uses an offset sheet-fed printing machine (SM102, manufactured by Heidelberg) as printing conditions, and is printed in four colors (printing order: black, indigo, red, yellow) (ink: Fusion G EZ N type) , Manufactured by DIC Corporation), printed at a printing speed of 12000 copies / hour, and after 10 hours, a stack of 10 chrysanthemum size (636 mm x 939 mm) was suspended from the top, resulting in MD curl of less than 30 mm, resulting in curling Can be suppressed. In addition, since the equilibrium moisture of the paper is low, curling due to environmental changes is less likely to occur.
- SM102 offset sheet-fed printing machine
- another aspect of the present invention is that the cooking liquid is dividedly added to the pulp raw material and cooked, the unbleached pulp obtained by the cooking is bleached, and the bleaching obtained by the bleaching.
- a method of producing a coated paper comprising forming a pulp and forming a coating layer on the base paper obtained in the paper making, wherein the pulp raw material is dividedly added and digested.
- bleaching the unbleached pulp includes delignification by an alkaline oxygen bleaching method and a multi-stage bleaching step, and the papermaking includes the direct pulp or Select and use the finished pulp, and when using direct feed pulp, change the ratio of filtered water and fresh water contained in the wash water in the valveless filter, change the paper making speed, change the yield agent amount, or the paper making process.
- Including changing the ratio of white water recovered from water used as dilution water and fresh water as industrial water, and forming the coating layer is mainly composed of a pigment and an adhesive on at least one side of the base paper
- the coating liquid is applied and dried to form at least one coating layer, and the base paper and the coating layer are subjected to pressure finishing treatment, and obtained by the bleaching. It is related with the said manufacturing method whose sum total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) of the obtained bleached pulp is 300 ppm with respect to the mass of the whole bleached pulp.
- the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
- the part and% in an Example show a mass part and the mass%.
- a calcium carbonate slurry (A) was produced by the method described in JP-A-5-163018 “Method for producing calcium carbonate”.
- the reaction vessel was charged with 600 liters of 9.0 mass% aqueous calcium hydroxide suspension, and the dilution gas (carbon dioxide concentration: 20% by volume) was diluted with air and the flow rate was 1500 liters / minute ( (15 ° C.).
- the dilution gas carbon dioxide concentration: 20% by volume
- the flow rate was 1500 liters / minute ( (15 ° C.).
- fine bubbles were bubbled from small holes (round shape, diameter 20 mm, opening rate 5%) formed in a conical gas reservoir (vertical angle 90 °) at the bottom of the reaction tank.
- the reaction start temperature was 42 ° C., and the reaction time was 80 minutes.
- the average particle diameter of the obtained calcium carbonate (by laser diffraction scattering method (the particle diameter at a point corresponding to a cumulative mass of 50% was defined as the average particle diameter).
- the molar extinction coefficient and apparent specific gravity were 6.2 ⁇ m, 17.9, and 0.25, respectively.
- This calcium carbonate is light calcium carbonate.
- Waste paper raw materials mixed with the same amount of waste newspaper and magazine waste paper, were fed into a high-concentration pulper and disintegrated.
- the raw material after disaggregation was diluted to 1%, and as a dust removal process, it was sequentially processed with a screen having a hole basket and a slit basket.
- a floatator trade name: OK Floatator, manufactured by Oji Engineering Co., Ltd.
- a cleaning process using an extractor and then concentrating to 25% using a valveless thickener and a concentration process using a screw press.
- the pulp after the dispersion treatment is diluted to 1%, it is further processed in a deinking step using a flowator (trade name: OK Floator, manufactured by Oji Engineering Co., Ltd.), a washing step using an extractor, and a dust removing step using a screen of a slit basket. It was concentrated to 35% in a concentration process using a valveless thickener and a screw press. Add 1% thiourea dioxide (FAS) and 0.5% caustic soda to the concentrated pulp, raise the temperature to 110 ° C, and use the hot disperser (manufactured by KRIMA) as the disk type disperser for the third time. Was distributed.
- a flowator trade name: OK Floator, manufactured by Oji Engineering Co., Ltd.
- DIP used paper pulp raw material
- white liquor having a sulfidity of 28 distilled liquor
- the white liquor addition rate was 10% per chip dry mass for the chip supply system, 8% for the cooking zone and 8% for the washing zone as the active alkali. 2% portion was added and the cooking temperature was 146 ° C.
- Double disk refiner (blade material) in which bleached pulp (concentration: 4.2% by mass) washed with filtered water / fresh water (100/0) is connected in parallel with three machines (the same blade is used) : Ni-Hard, blade width: 4.0 mm, groove width: 4.0 mm) and beaten up to 440 ml of CSF to obtain a beaten pulp slurry.
- a cationic acrylic resin (trade name: DR-3015, manufactured by Hymo Co., Ltd.) was added as a retention agent in front of the screen to prepare a paper stock (concentration: 1.01%).
- This paper stock was formed with an on-top former at a J / W ratio of 0.995 and a papermaking speed of 1,010 m / min, squeezed with three roll presses, dried with a single-stage dryer, and then on-machine Surface sizing was performed with a specified two-roll size press.
- a size press solution comprising 2% oxidized starch, 0.10% styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer surface sizing agent (Polymaron NP-25 / Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 0.3% mirabilite is 1 in solid content.
- the uncoated paper having a moisture content of 4.5% and a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained by applying the mixture so as to be 0.0 g / m 2 and calendering. At the time of papermaking, the collected white water was not discharged. That is, in the paper making process, white water / fresh water (100/0) was used for paper making.
- the addition to the machine chest so that the content in the paper is 0.05%, and the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin is 0.028.
- An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content in the paper was 0.20%.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 3200 ppm.
- Example 6 Use hardwood chips made of acacia mangum, beat with a double disc refiner to 370 ml CSF, and add a calcium carbonate slurry (A) as a filler so that the content in non-coated paper is 14.0%
- a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.021% of a cationic acrylic resin (trade name: DR-3015, manufactured by Hymo Co., Ltd.) was added in front of the screen. An uncoated paper was obtained.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 2900 ppm.
- Example 7 As a hardwood chip, a chip made of acacia mangum is used, and without adding calcium carbonate, colloidal silica (trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals Co., Ltd.) has a non-coated paper content of 0.30%.
- An uncoated paper of 64 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 2700 ppm.
- An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content in the paper was 0.08% and that it was added to the machine chest.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1300 ppm.
- Example 1 except that it was added before the pump and colloidal silica (trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was added to the machine chest so that the content in the non-coated paper was 0.08%.
- an uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1300 ppm.
- Example 10 A cooking process similar to that of Example 1 was performed except that a hardwood chip made of acacia mangeum was used. Subsequently, the bleaching process was performed like Example 1 and the bleached pulp was obtained. The ISO whiteness of the obtained bleached pulp was 90.1%. Subsequently, a pulp with a solid content of 50% was obtained. Subsequently, it was dispersed with a pulper and washed with filtered water / fresh water (50/50) in a valveless filter. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1300 ppm. Beating was performed up to 450 ml of CSF. Thereafter, a papermaking process was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a non-coated paper having a moisture content of 4.5% and a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 .
- A linear alcohol
- B linear fatty acid
- An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content of A was 7.5%.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 2000 ppm.
- An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was adjusted and white water / clear water (85/15) was used for paper making in the paper making process.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 1280 ppm.
- Example 15 A hardwood chip made of acacia aurikariformis is used as a hardwood chip, 100 parts by weight of DIP (A) is mixed with 100 parts by weight of pulp obtained from the hardwood in the blending box at the front stage of the machine chest, and up to 410 ml of CSF is beaten. What was done, 5.5% of calcium carbonate slurry (A) was added before the fan pump, and combined with the ash (filler; including calcium carbonate) contained in DIP (A), and the resulting non-coated paper Example 1 except that the ash content was 8.2% before the fan pump was added, the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin was 0.024%, and the papermaking speed was 915 m / min.
- the basis weight is 64 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content is 7.5% and the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin is 0.021%.
- An uncoated paper was obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1600 ppm.
- the basis weight is 64 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content is 7.5% and the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin is 0.021%.
- An uncoated paper was obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1600 ppm.
- Example 19 In the same manner as in Example 2, except that calcined kaolin (trade name: Ansilex, manufactured by EMC) was added in place of calcium carbonate so that the content in the non-coated paper was 5.3%. An uncoated paper having an amount of 64 g / m 2 was obtained. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1600 ppm.
- calcined kaolin trade name: Ansilex, manufactured by EMC
- a non-coated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was determined as follows.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 240 ppm.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> A chip made of acacia mangum was used as the hardwood chip, and the cooking process to the papermaking process were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the bleaching step, the amount of caustic soda per mass of dry pulp added to unbleached pulp was 1.9%, and the amount of caustic soda per mass of dry pulp in alkali extraction was 1.5%. This point was changed from Example 1. The ISO whiteness of the obtained bleached pulp was 90.1%. Further, it was made into a pulp with a solid content of 50% and then dispersed with a pulper and washed with filtered water / fresh water (100/0) in a valveless filter.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 4200 ppm.
- beating was performed up to 450 ml of CSF.
- the amount of calcium carbonate slurry (A) added is changed to an amount that causes the content in the non-coated paper to be 7.0%, and colloidal silica (trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals) is not applied. It was added to the machine chest so that the content in the paper was 0.20%.
- the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin was changed to 0.022%.
- the stock concentration was 1.09%.
- a paper layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the paper making speed was changed to 900 m / min. An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the amount of caustic soda per mass of absolutely dry pulp added to unbleached pulp is 2.0%
- the wash water in the valveless filter when washing bleached pulp is filtered water / fresh water ( 50/50)
- the amount of the cationic acrylic resin added is 0.009%
- the amount of the calcium carbonate slurry (A) is 7.0% in the non-coated paper.
- the point which used white water / shimizu (85/15) for papermaking in the papermaking process was changed from Example 1.
- An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 900 ppm.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5> As a hardwood chip, a chip made of acacia aurikariformis: eucalyptus maldrensis: eucalyptus grandis 10: 70: 20, a point of beating up to CSF 455 ml, and a non-addition amount of calcium carbonate slurry (A) An uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content in the coated paper was 7.0%. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 240 ppm.
- Example 6 Example except that talc (trade name: talc 80, manufactured by Fuji Talc Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added in place of calcium carbonate slurry (A) so that the content in non-coated paper was 7.5%. In the same manner as in Example 3, an uncoated paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was obtained. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating step was 1600 ppm.
- talc trade name: talc 80, manufactured by Fuji Talc Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 7> As the comparative example 7, the example according to the Example of patent document 1 was implemented. Use eucalyptus 40%, oak 20%, and acacia 40% as wood chips and add cooking white liquor so that the liquid ratio is 4, the sulfidity is 28%, and the effective alkali is 17% (as Na 2 O) in the autoclave. Then, kraft cooking was performed at a cooking temperature of 160 ° C. After the kraft cooking, black liquor was separated. The obtained chip was defibrated by a high-concentration disaggregator, and then centrifugal dehydration and water washing were repeated three times with a filter cloth.
- the uncooked product is removed by a screen, and after centrifugal dehydration, the kappa number is 19.7, and the total amount of fatty acid and aliphatic alcohol in the dichloromethane extract is 0.16% by mass with respect to the total pulp mass. Pulp was obtained.
- the pulp obtained above was subjected to a four-stage bleaching process of DE-P-D as shown below.
- the first chlorine dioxide treatment (D) was prepared such that the pulp concentration was 10%, 0.4% of chlorine dioxide was added, and the treatment was performed at 70 ° C. for 40 minutes.
- the pulp concentration was adjusted to 10%, 1% caustic soda was added, and alkali extraction treatment (E) was performed at 70 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- the pulp concentration is adjusted to 10%, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide and 0.5% caustic soda are added successively, and hydrogen peroxide treatment is performed at 70 ° C. for 120 minutes ( P) was performed.
- the pulp slurry having a pulp concentration of 4% obtained above was beaten using a refiner so that the freeness was 450 ml (CSF).
- CSF 450 ml
- rosin sizing agent as an internal sizing agent (trade name: Size Pine E, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.7% and 2% aluminum sulfate
- the pulp obtained above was subjected to four-stage bleaching of ZEPD as shown below.
- the ozone treatment (Z) was prepared so that the pulp concentration was 40%, added with 0.5% ozone, and treated at 40 ° C.
- the pulp concentration was adjusted to 10%, 1% caustic soda was added, and alkali extraction treatment (E) at 70 ° C. for 90 minutes was performed.
- the pulp concentration is adjusted to 10%, hydrogen peroxide 0.5% and caustic soda 0.5% are sequentially added, and hydrogen peroxide treatment is performed at 70 ° C. for 120 minutes.
- P was performed.
- the pulp concentration was adjusted to 10%, 0.25% chlorine dioxide was added, and chlorine dioxide treatment (D) was performed at 70 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- bleached pulp having a whiteness of 85.1% was obtained after washing with deionized water and dehydration.
- the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp was 703 ppm.
- the pulp slurry having a pulp concentration of 4% obtained above was beaten with a refiner so that the freeness was 450 ml of Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF).
- Light calcium carbonate as a filler was added to the pulp slurry after beating so that the paper ash content was 3.5%.
- rosin sizing agent trade name: Size Pine E, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- aluminum sulfate 2% were added to the absolute dry mass of the pulp as an internal sizing agent to prepare a paper stock. Using the stock prepared as described above, paper was made with a long net paper machine at a paper making speed of 500 m / min.
- the column used was X Bridge C18, 250 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm manufactured by Waters. At D, the temperature was 30 ° C. and 2 ⁇ l of the filtrate was injected. Detector using a charged particles detector, linear alcohols (A) (higher alcohol C 24 H 49 OH, C 26 H 53 OH, C 28 H 57 OH) and linear fatty acids (B) (higher fatty acid C 23 H 47 COOH, C 25 H 51 COOH, and C 27 H 55 COOH) were detected, and the concentration in the sample was determined for each of them by the following formula, and the total was calculated.
- A linear alcohols
- B linear fatty acids
- Sample concentration (ppm) Standard concentration (100 ppm) / Standard peak area value x Sample peak area value x 2 (ml) / (Sample mass (mg) / 1000)
- the total value of these peak intensities (secondary ion counts) is divided by the total ion amount (total secondary ion count number of all peaks), and the divided value is multiplied by 10,000.
- the value was defined as the amount of the linear fatty acid (B) on the surface (calculation formula 1).
- the molecular ion peaks of the detected linear alcohol (A) that is, higher alcohols C 24 H 49 OH, C 26 H 53 OH, and C 28 H 57 OH, respectively, have a mass number (m / z) 351
- the total value of these peak intensities (secondary ion counts) is divided by the total ion amount (the total value of secondary ion counts of all peaks), and the divided value is 10,000.
- ⁇ Test 1 (running performance)> Using a monochrome laser printer LP8600 manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation, the test was carried out in an environment of 23 ° C. and 50% RH. The sample was immediately placed on the manual feed tray of the copying machine after the package was opened and allowed to run 1000 sheets, and the total number of occurrences of running failures (idle running, paper jam and heavy running) at that time was counted as the number of running troubles. The number of running defects is determined according to the following criteria and listed in Tables 1 and 2. A: 0 to 5 sheets B: 6 to 10 sheets C: 11 sheets or more
- ⁇ Test 2 ( ⁇ )> A monochrome laser printer LP8600 manufactured by Seiko Epson Corporation was used and the test was performed in an environment of 28 ° C. and 85% RH. After the package was opened, the sample was immediately placed on the manual feed tray of the copying machine, was run 1000 sheets, and the number of wrinkles generated at that time was counted.
- Uncoated paper was disaggregated by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220, and the fiber length of the obtained disaggregated pulp was measured by a fiber lab manufactured by Kajaani, and the weight-weighted average fiber length (W) and the number average fiber length. (M) was determined. Then, the weight weighted average fiber length (W) and the number average fiber length (M) are substituted into the weight weighted average fiber length (W) / number average fiber length (M) formula to calculate the fiber length distribution coefficient. Calculated.
- the non-coated paper was disaggregated by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220, and the freeness of the disaggregated pulp thus obtained was measured according to JIS P 8121.
- the uncoated paper of each Example in which the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) and the total abundance of the surface are both in a specific range are as follows: The occurrence of poor running and wrinkles was reduced. Further, the occurrence of curling when used for printing applications such as offset printing has been suppressed. Therefore, these non-coated papers have extremely excellent performance for printing applications such as electrophotography or inkjet printing used in copying machines and printers, and offset printing.
- Example 20> Manufacture of unbleached pulp (digestion process)
- a Lo-solids digester manufactured by Andritz
- white liquor having a sulfidity of 28 distilled liquor
- the white liquor addition rate was 10% per chip dry mass for the chip supply system, 8% for the cooking zone and 8% for the washing zone as the active alkali. 2% portion was added and the cooking temperature was 146 ° C.
- the pulp after bleaching with alkaline oxygen was added with 1.2% sulfuric acid per mass of dry pulp, and was retained under conditions of 10% pulp concentration, 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then washed in the washing step.
- 1.0% caustic soda and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after alkali extraction under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 60 ° C for 90 minutes, washing treatment was performed in the washing step. did.
- Double disk refiner (blade material) in which bleached pulp (concentration: 4.2% by mass) washed with filtered water / fresh water (100/0) is connected in parallel with three machines (the same blade is used) : Ni-Hard, blade width: 4.0 mm, groove width: 4.0 mm) and beaten up to 445 ml of CSF to obtain a beaten pulp slurry.
- a cationic acrylic resin (trade name: DR-3015, manufactured by Hymo Co., Ltd.) was added as a retention agent in front of the screen to prepare a stock (concentration: 1.01%).
- This paper stock is formed with an on-top former at a J / W ratio of 0.995 and a paper making speed of 1,050 m / min, squeezed with three roll presses, dried with a single-stage dryer, and then on-machine. Surface sizing was performed with a specified two-roll size press.
- a size press solution composed of 2% oxidized starch was applied to a solid content of 1.0 g / m 2 , then dried with a two-stage dryer and passed through a machine calendar that would be on-machine specifications.
- a base paper having a water content of 4.5% and a basis weight of 47.4 g / m 2 was obtained.
- the fiber orientation ratio was 1.02.
- the collected white water was not discharged. That is, in the paper making process, white water / fresh water (100/0) was used for paper making.
- Kaolin (trade name: Hydra Gloss 90, manufactured by Huber) is added to an aqueous solution in which 0.1 part of sodium polyacrylate (trade name: Aron T-50, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is added as a dispersant. 50 parts and 50 parts of heavy calcium carbonate (trade name: Hydrocurve 90, manufactured by Bihoku Powder Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added and dispersed with a Coreless disperser to prepare a pigment slurry.
- sodium polyacrylate trade name: Aron T-50, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- Hydrocurve 90 manufactured by Bihoku Powder Chemical Co., Ltd.
- oxidized starch (trade name: Oji Ace A, manufactured by Oji Cornstarch), styrene-butadiene copolymer latex (trade name: OJ-2000, manufactured by JSR) 8 .4 parts, and further, an antifoaming agent and a dye were sequentially added as auxiliaries to finally prepare a pigment coating solution for a top coating layer having a solid content concentration of 66.5%.
- the coated paper obtained in this manner was adjusted to the temperature, linear pressure, and paper feeding conditions with a multi-nip calender in which metal rolls and resin rolls were inclined, and the glossiness of white paper was 70%. Thus, a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained.
- Example 2 Except that a 930 m / min and machine speed, to obtain a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 2060 ppm.
- Example 24 The point which used the chip
- tip which consists of acacia mangum: eucalyptus maldrensis 80: 20 as a hardwood chip
- A linear alcohol
- B linear fatty acid
- Example 25 As a hardwood chip, a chip made of acacia mangum was used, added to unbleached pulp, caustic soda was made 1.4% per mass of dry pulp, beaten up to 379 ml of CSF, calcium carbonate The same procedure as in Example 20 was conducted except that the amount of slurry (A) added was such that the content in the base paper was 7.7% and the amount of cationic acrylic resin added was 0.025%. Thus, a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 3380 ppm.
- Example 26 Content of base paper using a chip made of acacia mangum as hardwood chips, beating up to 467 ml of CSF, colloidal silica (trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals) without adding calcium carbonate
- the basis weight was 81.4 g / m in the same manner as in Example 20, except that it was added to the machine chest so as to be 0.3% and the addition amount of the cationic acrylic resin was 0.020%. 2 coated papers were obtained.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 2830 ppm.
- Example 29> A cooking process similar to that of Example 20 was performed except that a hardwood chip made of acacia mangeum was used. Subsequently, the bleaching process was performed like Example 20, and the bleached pulp was obtained. The ISO whiteness of the obtained bleached pulp was 90.1%. Subsequently, a pulp with a solid content of 50% was obtained. Subsequently, it was dispersed with a pulper and washed with filtered water / fresh water (50/50) in a valveless filter. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 1310 ppm. Beating was performed up to 450 ml of CSF.
- Example 20 Thereafter, the paper making process was performed in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the J / W ratio was 1.010 and the fiber orientation ratio was 1.18, and a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained. It was.
- Kaolin (trade name: Hydra Gloss 90, manufactured by Huber) is added to an aqueous solution in which 0.1 part of sodium polyacrylate (trade name: Aron T-50, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) is added as a dispersant. 30 parts and 70 parts of heavy calcium carbonate (trade name: Hydrocurve 90, manufactured by Bihoku Powder Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added and dispersed with a Coreless disperser to prepare a pigment slurry.
- sodium polyacrylate trade name: Aron T-50, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- 30 parts and 70 parts of heavy calcium carbonate (trade name: Hydrocurve 90, manufactured by Bihoku Powder Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added and dispersed with a Coreless disperser to prepare a pigment slurry.
- oxidized starch (trade name: Oji Ace A, manufactured by Oji Cornstarch Co., Ltd.), styrene-butadiene copolymer latex (trade name: OJ-2000, manufactured by JSR) 6 .5 parts, and further, an antifoaming agent and a dye were sequentially added as auxiliary agents to finally prepare a pigment coating solution for a coating layer having a solid content concentration of 67%.
- Example 20 Manufacture of coated paper
- the coated paper was obtained by coating and drying so that the dry coating amount per side was 8.3 g / m 2 .
- the coated paper obtained in this manner is adjusted to the temperature, linear pressure, and paper feeding conditions with a multi-nip calender in which metal rolls and resin rolls are inclined, and the glossiness of blank paper is 50%.
- a coated paper having a basis weight of 64.0 g / m 2 was obtained.
- Example 10 A chip made of acacia mangum was used as the hardwood chip, and the cooking process to the papermaking process were performed in the same manner as in Example 20. However, in the bleaching step, the point that the amount of caustic soda added to the unbleached pulp was 1.0% per mass of the dry pulp was changed from Example 20. The ISO whiteness of the obtained bleached pulp was 90.1%. Further, it was made into a pulp with a solid content of 50% and then dispersed with a pulper and washed with filtered water / fresh water (100/0) in a valveless filter. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 5200 ppm.
- A linear alcohol
- B linear fatty acid
- beating was performed up to 450 ml of CSF.
- the amount of calcium carbonate slurry (A) added is changed to an amount that causes the content of the base paper to be 7.0%, and colloidal silica (trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals Co., Ltd.) is contained in the base paper.
- colloidal silica trade name: NP882, manufactured by Eka Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- the stock concentration was 1.09%.
- a paper layer was formed in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the paper making speed was changed to 1,010 m / min using this paper stock.
- a coated paper of .4 g / m 2 was obtained.
- Example 20 This point was changed from Example 20 in that the amount of water and white water / fresh water (85/15) were used for papermaking in the papermaking process. A coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained. The total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 800 ppm.
- a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the content was 7.0%.
- the total content of linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) in the pulp sent to the beating process was 220 ppm.
- the pulp after bleaching with alkaline oxygen was added with 1.2% sulfuric acid per mass of dry pulp, and was retained under conditions of 10% pulp concentration, 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then washed in the washing step.
- 1.0% caustic soda and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after alkali extraction under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 60 ° C for 90 minutes, washing treatment was performed in the washing step. did.
- Double disk refiner (blade material: SUS, blade width: 1.0 mm, groove width) in which the above bleached pulp (concentration: 4.6% by mass) is connected in parallel with three machines (the blades are the same). 2.0 mm) and beaten up to 350 ml of CSF to obtain a beaten pulp slurry.
- a coated paper having a basis weight of 81.4 g / m 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the pulp slurry obtained above was used.
- ⁇ Comparative example 14> (Production of hardwood pulp) Using a Lo-solids digester (manufactured by Andritz), hardwood chips made of Eucalyptus grandis were kraft-cooked by the Lo-solids cooking method.
- the white liquor addition rate is 10% per chip dry system, 8% in the digestion zone, and 2% in the washing zone, as the active alkali. And added at a cooking temperature of 146 ° C. After digesting the chips after cooking, unbleached pulp was obtained through a washing process, a screen process, and a washing process again.
- the pulp after bleaching with alkaline oxygen was added with 1.2% sulfuric acid per mass of dry pulp, and was retained under conditions of 10% pulp concentration, 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then washed in the washing step.
- 0.5% ozone and 0.5% chlorine dioxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after carrying out medium concentration ozone / chlorine dioxide bleaching under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 58 ° C., 60 minutes, washing It was washed in the process.
- 1.0% caustic soda and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after alkaline extraction under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 60 ° C, 90 minutes, washing treatment in washing step did.
- Double disk refiner (blade material: Ni-Hard, blade width: 4.0 mm, groove) in which the above bleached pulp (concentration of 4.2% by mass) is connected in parallel with three machines (the blades are the same) (Width: 4.0 mm) and beaten up to 550 ml of CSF.
- the pulp after bleaching with alkaline oxygen was added with 1.2% sulfuric acid per mass of dry pulp, and was retained under conditions of 10% pulp concentration, 60 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then washed in the washing step.
- 0.5% ozone and 0.5% chlorine dioxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after carrying out medium concentration ozone / chlorine dioxide bleaching under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 58 ° C., 60 minutes, washing It was washed in the process.
- 1.0% caustic soda and 0.1% hydrogen peroxide per mass of dry pulp were added, and after alkaline extraction under conditions of pulp concentration 10%, 60 ° C, 90 minutes, washing treatment in washing step did.
- the above bleached pulp (concentration of 4.2% by mass) is introduced into one double disc refiner (blade material: 17 chrome, blade width: 4.8 mm, groove width: 4.8 mm) and beaten to 580 ml of CSF did.
- styrene-butadiene copolymer latex (trade name: PA-9000, manufactured by Nippon A & L Co., Ltd.) (solid content), pre-gelatinized oxidized starch (trade name: Oji Ace A, manufactured by Oji Cornstarch Co., Ltd.) 5 parts (solid content), an antifoaming agent, a fluorescent whitening dye, and a printability improver were added to finally prepare a coating liquid for a pigment coating layer having a solid content concentration of 64%.
- This coating liquid was coated on the base paper obtained above with a blade coater so that the dry coating amount per side was 8 g / m 2 and dried to obtain a double-sided coated paper.
- the coated paper obtained was then smoothed with a 4-stage super calender consisting of a metal roll and a resin roll under the condition of a linear pressure of 100 kg / cm to obtain a coated paper having a basis weight of 56.0 g / m 2. It was.
- Adhesive tape Electrical insulation tape manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd., trade name: “No. 5”
- the adhesive tape is immediately peeled off from the coated paper to separate the base paper layer. I let you. And 200 mg of scraped base paper parts were scraped off with a razor, and it used as a sample for measuring content of a linear alcohol and a linear fatty acid. It measured similarly to the measurement of the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and linear fatty acid (B) of the non-coated paper mentioned above using the said sample.
- the coated paper was disaggregated by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998, and the fiber length of the obtained disaggregated pulp was measured by Fiber Lab manufactured by Kajaani, and the weight-weighted average fiber length (W) and number average fiber were measured. The length (M) was determined. Then, the weight weighted average fiber length (W) and the number average fiber length (M) are substituted into the weight weighted average fiber length (W) / number average fiber length (M) formula to calculate the fiber length distribution coefficient. Calculated.
- the coated paper was disaggregated by the pulp disaggregation method described in JIS P 8220: 1998, and the freeness of the disaggregated pulp thus obtained was measured according to JIS P 8121-1995.
- thermomechanical analyzer TMA-SS6000, Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd.
- Drying shrinkage (%) ⁇ (sample length before temperature increase ⁇ sample length 1.5 minutes after start of temperature increase) / sample length before temperature increase ⁇ ⁇ 100
- A A part of wide off wrinkles is generated, but the wrinkle depth is relatively shallow, and there is no problem at all.
- B Wide off-ring wrinkles occur throughout, but the wrinkle depth is relatively shallow, and there is no problem.
- C A large number of wide off-wrinkle wrinkles appearing throughout, and the wrinkle depth is moderate, which is a problematic level.
- D A level in which a large number of narrow off-wrinkles are generated and the wrinkle depth is deep, so that it becomes a big problem when wavy during bookbinding.
- the coated paper of each example in which the total content of the linear alcohol (A) and the linear fatty acid (B) is in a specific range is excellent in dimensional stability and curl generation. It can be suppressed, and when it is used in an offset rotary printing press, the occurrence of off-roll wrinkles is reduced. Furthermore, when it is used on an offset sheet-fed press, the occurrence of curling after printing is suppressed, which is extremely excellent. Have good performance.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a non-coated paper having a controlled coefficient of static friction, good dimensional stability, and reduced occurrence of poor running and wrinkles when used in a copying machine or printer. Moreover, according to this invention, the non-coated paper by which the generation
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、例えば静摩擦係数が低い紙は、紙を包装している包装紙を開封し、複写機やプリンタに給紙し走行させた場合に、複写直後あるいは印字直後から重送や空送が頻発しやすい。
しかし、オフ輪印刷には、印刷直後に熱風乾燥を行うために枚葉印刷には見られない幾つかの品質上の問題点がある。なかでも、最も重要で解決が困難な問題はオフ輪じわ(印刷業界ではひじわと称することがある)であり、オフ輪印刷の乾燥工程において、画線部と非画線部の乾燥収縮率の差により、しわが発生するメカニズムが提唱されている。
本発明の別の側面の非塗工紙は、JIS P 8251:2003に記載の灰分試験方法(525℃燃焼法)で測定された灰分が35質量%以下となる範囲で、炭酸カルシウム、コロイダルシリカ及び焼成カオリンからなる群のうち少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましい。
本発明のまた別の側面の非塗工紙は、JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mm、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90であることが好ましい。
さらには、JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が350~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mm、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60であることが好ましい。
本発明の非塗工紙は、静摩擦係数が0.40~0.70であることが好適である。
本発明のまた別の側面の塗工紙は、JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mm、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90であることが好ましい。
さらには、JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が400~500mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mm、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60であることが好ましい。
(1)炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である一価の直鎖アルコールと、炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である直鎖脂肪酸との合計含有量が紙全体の質量に対して100~2000ppmであって、かつ、飛行時間二次イオン質量分析計で測定された表面の前記直鎖アルコールと前記直鎖脂肪酸との合計存在量が15以下である非塗工紙、
(2)JIS P 8251:2003に記載の灰分試験方法(525℃燃焼法)で測定された灰分が35質量%以下となる範囲で、炭酸カルシウム、コロイダルシリカ及び焼成カオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の物質を含有する(1)に記載の非塗工紙、
(3)JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mmであり、かつ、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90である(1)又は(2)に記載の非塗工紙、
(4)JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が350~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mmであり、かつ、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60である(1)又は(2)に記載の非塗工紙、
(5)静摩擦係数が0.40~0.70である(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の非塗工紙、
(6)原紙上に顔料及び接着剤を含有する塗工層を少なくとも1層設けてなる塗工紙であって、前記原紙中に炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である一価の直鎖アルコールと、炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である直鎖脂肪酸との合計含有量が原紙全体の質量に対して100~2000ppmである塗工紙、
(7)JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mmであり、かつ、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90である(6)に記載の塗工紙、及び
(8)JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が400~500mlであり、JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mmであり、かつ、繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60である(6)又は(7)に記載の塗工紙。
非塗工紙の表面の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計存在量は、飛行時間二次イオン質量分析計(以下、TOF-SIMSという場合がある。)で測定された値である。
植物内においては、一般に酢酸を出発物質としてアルコールや脂肪酸が合成されるため、合成されたアルコールや脂肪酸の炭素数は偶数となる。
一方、非塗工紙における直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量が非塗工紙全体の質量に対して2000ppm以下であると、これらが多く含まれることによる紙の欠点が発生しない。ここで紙の欠点としては、チリ(直鎖アルコールや直鎖脂肪酸が固まり、黒色や茶色の斑点、場合によっては透明の斑点として現れるもの。)などが挙げられる。
直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は、非塗工紙全体の質量に対して好ましくは300ppm以上、より好ましくは500ppm以上、さらに好ましくは700ppm以上である。
直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量の範囲は、非塗工紙全体の質量に対して300~2000ppmが好ましく、500~2000ppmがより好ましく、700~2000がさらに好ましい。
本発明の非塗工紙の表面の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計存在量は好ましくは、0.5~15であり、より好ましくは0.5~10である。下限値が0.5以上であると、非塗工紙の静摩擦係数が高くなり過ぎず、静摩擦係数が高いことによる空走、紙づまり、又は重送などの走行不良をより抑制できる傾向にある。
一方、直鎖アルコール(A)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)の紙表面における合計存在量は、抄紙工程において、炭酸カルシウム、コロイダルシリカ、及び焼成カオリンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の物質を、抄紙される紙料に対して添加することなどにより、非塗工紙中におけるこれらの含有量を調整することにより制御できる。炭酸カルシウム、コロイダルシリカ、又は焼成カオリンが非塗工紙に含まれると、直鎖アルコール(A)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)はこれらに吸着し、その結果、紙表面に存在しにくくなり、紙表面におけるこれらの合計存在量が低下するものと考えられる。
植物内においては、一般に酢酸を出発物質としてアルコールや脂肪酸が合成されるため、合成されたアルコールや脂肪酸の炭素数は偶数となる。
本発明の第2の態様に係る直鎖アルコール(A)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)は、第1の態様に係る直鎖アルコール(A)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)と同義である。
直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量が原紙全体の質量に対して100ppm未満であると、紙の水分含有率が高くなり過ぎ、環境中の水分変化による寸法安定性が不十分となる。また、カールの発生を抑制することも不十分となる。さらに、オフセット輪転印刷における加熱乾燥に際して、オフ輪じわの発生が問題となる。
一方、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量が原紙全体の質量に対して2000ppmを超えると、これらが多く含まれることによる紙の欠点が発生する。ここで紙の欠点としては、チリ(直鎖アルコールや直鎖脂肪酸が固まり、黒色や茶色の斑点、場合によっては透明の斑点として現れるもの。)などが挙げられる。
直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は、原紙全体の質量に対して好ましくは300~1800ppm、より好ましくは500~1500ppmである。
(パルプの原材料)
本発明の非塗工紙及び塗工紙の製造に用いられるパルプの原材料は、広葉樹材、針葉樹材、非木材パルプ繊維のいずれでもよく、2種類以上の原材料を混合して用いてもよいが、少なくとも、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)とを比較的多く含む広葉樹材を用いることが、本発明の非塗工紙及び塗工紙が得られやすい点で好ましい。
前記アカシア材の配合量の範囲は、パルプの原材料全体の質量に対して30~100%が好ましく、30~90%がより好ましく、30~70%がさらに好ましい。
「A.」はアカシアの略、「E.」はユーカリの略である。
さらには、パルプ原材料として、古紙や損紙等を用いることもできる。
上述したパルプ原材料を例えばチップなどの形態として蒸解工程に供し、未漂白パルプを得る。
蒸解法としては、クラフト蒸解、ポリサルファイド蒸解、ソーダ蒸解、又はアルカリサルファイト蒸解等の公知の蒸解法を用いることができるが、蒸解液を分割添加して蒸解する方法が好ましい。蒸解液を分割添加することにより、蒸解全般でのアルカリ濃度を制御でき、その結果、得られる未漂白パルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量を調整できる。具体的には、蒸解液のアルカリ濃度を高めると、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を大きくでき、これらの合計含有量がより低減された未漂白パルプが得られる。逆に、蒸解液のアルカリ濃度を低くすると、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を小さくできる。
具体的には、ろ過水の割合を増やすことにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を少なくでき、清水の割合を増やすことにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を多くできる。よって、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の含有量が比較的少ないチップをパルプ原材料として用いた場合などには、洗浄水におけるろ過水の割合を高め、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)があまり除去されないようにするなどの処方を採用できる。
また、洗浄水の温度を高温にすることにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を多くでき、洗浄水の温度を低温にすることにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を少なくできる。
例えば、クラフト蒸解法を用いる場合、蒸解液の硫化度は5~75%、好ましくは15~45%、有効アルカリ添加率は絶乾木材質量当たり5~30質量%、好ましくは10~25質量%、蒸解温度は130~170℃で、蒸解方式は連続蒸解法あるいはバッチ蒸解法のどちらでもよく、特に問わない。
また、蒸解に際して、使用する蒸解液に蒸解助剤として公知の環状ケト化合物、例えばベンゾキノン、ナフトキノン、アントラキノン、アントロン、フェナントロキノン及び前記キノン系化合物のアルキル、又はアミノ等の核置換体;前記キノン系化合物の還元型であるアントラヒドロキノンのようなヒドロキノン系化合物;及びディールスアルダー法によるアントラキノン合成法の中間体として得られる安定な化合物である9,10-ジケトヒドロアントラセン化合物等から選ばれた1種あるいは2種以上の蒸解助剤が添加されてもよく、その添加率は材の絶乾質量当たり0.001~1.0質量%である。
蒸解工程により得られた未漂白パルプに対して、粗選及び精選を適宜行ってから、漂白工程を行う。
漂白工程としては、アルカリ酸素漂白法、及び多段漂白などを順次実施し、また、これらの各漂白の間には洗浄を行い、最後の漂白の後には洗浄及び脱水を行う方法が挙げられる。
そして、漂白工程での各洗浄や脱水に使用する水のろ過水/清水の比率を適宜変更することによって、これら洗浄時や脱水時に除去される直鎖アルコール(A)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)の量を変えることができる。ろ過水とは、循環使用されている水であり、清水とは循環されていない通常の水である。
具体的には、清水の割合を増やすことにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を多くして、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量を少なくできる。逆に、ろ過水の割合を増やすことにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を少なくできる。また、使用する水の温度を高温にすることにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を多くでき、低温にすることにより、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を少なくできる。例えば直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を低く抑えたい場合には、アルカリ酸素漂白法で使用する洗浄水の温度を低くするなどの処方を採用すればよい。
また、漂白工程で用いるアルカリの濃度を高くすることにより、漂白工程において、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の除去量を多くすることができる。
例えば、漂白工程では、まず、上述したようにアルカリ酸素漂白法により脱リグニンする。アルカリ酸素漂白法で脱リグニンすることで、その後の多段漂白工程での漂白薬品の使用量を削減でき、パルプ品質の低下を最小限に留めることができる。アルカリ酸素漂白法としては、公知の中濃度法或いは高濃度法がそのまま適用できるが、現在汎用的に用いられているパルプ濃度が8~15質量%で行われる中濃度法が好ましい。
前記酸素ガスとアルカリは中濃度ミキサーにおいて中濃度のパルプスラリーに添加され、混合が十分に行われた後、加圧下でパルプ、酸素及びアルカリの混合物を一定時間保持できる反応塔へ送られ、脱リグニンされる。
上述のような漂白工程により得られた漂白パルプは、所望により公知の叩解工程を経て、抄紙工程へ送られる。
ここで抄紙工程へ送られる漂白パルプは、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量が叩解工程に送られる漂白パルプの全質量に対して300ppm以上であることが好ましく、600ppm以上であることがより好ましく、1,000ppm以上であることがさらに好ましい。このような漂白パルプであれば、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量が紙全体の質量または原紙全体の質量に対して100~2000ppmである非塗工紙及び塗工紙が得られやすい。一方、合計含有量が叩解工程に送られる漂白パルプの全質量に対して300ppm未満の漂白パルプを抄紙工程に供した場合には、得られる非塗工紙及び塗工紙の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の紙中又は原紙中の合計含有量が紙全体の質量又は原紙全体の質量に対して100ppm未満となりやすい。
抄紙工程へ送られる漂白パルプの、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量の範囲は、紙全体の質量又は原紙全体の質量に対して300~3500ppmが好ましく、600~3500ppmがより好ましく、1000~3500ppmがさらに好ましい。
この際、微細繊維の歩留まりを制御することが、非塗工紙及び塗工紙の原紙の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量を調整するうえで重要である。すなわち、微細繊維は、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の含有量が大きいため、抄紙工程での微細繊維の歩留まりが、得られる非塗工紙及び塗工紙の原紙の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量に影響を及ぼす。
前記灰分の範囲は、0.5~35質量%が好ましく、1~20質量%がより好ましい。
コロイダルシリカと焼成カオリンの2種を添加する場合には、非塗工紙中又は塗工紙の原紙中のコロイダルシリカの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して0.01~2.0質量%、焼成カオリンの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して0.5~10.0質量%となるように添加することが好ましい。
炭酸カルシウムと焼成カオリンの2種を添加する場合には、非塗工紙中又は塗工紙の原紙中の炭酸カルシウムの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して1.0~15.0質量%、焼成カオリンの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して0.5~10.0質量%となるように添加することが好ましい。
炭酸カルシウムとコロイダルシリカと焼成カオリンの3種を添加する場合には、非塗工紙中又は塗工紙の原紙中の炭酸カルシウムの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して1.0~15.0質量%、コロイダルシリカの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して0.01~2.0質量%、焼成カオリンの含有量が非塗工紙又は塗工紙の原紙全体の質量に対して0.5~10.0質量%となるように添加することが好ましい。
炭酸カルシウムとしては、レーザー回折散乱法による平均粒子径が、1.0~10.0μmのものが好ましい。また、重質炭酸カルシウム、又は軽質炭酸カルシウムのいずれをも使用できるが、軽質炭酸カルシウムの方が好ましい。コロイダルシリカとしては、動的光散乱法による平均粒子径が1~200nmのものが好ましく、より好ましくは2~100nm、さらに好ましくは2~50nm、特にに好ましくは2~9nmである。焼成カオリンとしては、レーザー回折散乱法による平均粒子径が、0.5~10.0μmのものが好ましい。
本発明の非塗工紙及び塗工紙の原紙の製造において添加される填料としては、例えば、亜硫酸カルシウム、石膏、タルク、カオリン、デラミネーテッドカオリン、水和ケイ酸塩、珪藻土、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ケイ素、二酸化チタン、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、若しくは水酸化亜鉛等の無機顔料や尿素・ホルマリン樹脂微粒子、若しくは微小中空粒子等の有機顔料等が例示できる。また、古紙や損紙等をパルプ原料として用いた場合には、これらに含まれる填料も含有することができる。填料は2種以上の混合使用も可能である。
サイズプレス液の塗工量は、0.5~13g/m2程度(固形分換算)が好ましい。
非塗工紙及び塗工紙の原紙のサイズプレス液に炭酸カルシウムを用いる場合には、その量も含めて、炭酸カルシウムの添加量が上述の範囲内となるように調整することが好ましい。
また、このようにして得られた非塗工紙の静摩擦係数(ISO15359:1999)は、0.40~0.70の範囲となる。前記静摩擦係数は0.50~0.65が好ましく、0.55~0.61がより好ましい。
本発明の非塗工紙の離解パルプの重さ加重平均繊維長が0.6mm未満であると、繊維間結合面積が小さく、強度不足となるため、得られる非塗工紙は紙層間剥離し易くなる。
逆に、離解パルプの重さ加重平均繊維長が0.9mmを超えると、地合いが悪くなるため、トナーを熱定着するタイプのノンインパクトプリンターで印字した場合、熱定着時の収縮ストレスによって非塗工紙にしわが発生し易くなる。
本発明の非塗工紙の離解パルプの繊維長分布係数が1.30未満であると、紙層間結合を強くする異なる繊維長の繊維が少なく、繊維間結合面積が小さくなり強度不足となるため、得られる非塗工紙は紙層間剥離し易くなる。
また、離解パルプの繊維長分布係数が1.60を超えると、長繊維と微細繊維が多くなり地合いが悪くなるため、トナーを熱定着するタイプのノンインパクトプリンターで印字した場合、熱定着時の収縮ストレスによって非塗工紙にしわが発生し易くなる。
繊維長分布係数=重さ加重平均繊維長(W)/数平均繊維長(M)
繊維長分布係数が大きい程繊維長分布の幅が広いことを示し、繊維長分布係数が小さい程繊維長分布の幅が狭いことを示す。重さ加重平均繊維長、数平均繊維長はJAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法で測定された値である。
透気度が10秒を超えるとオフ輪印刷時のインキ乾燥工程において紙層中の水蒸気が抜け難くなり、塗工紙にブリスターが発生するおそれがある。また、内部結合強さが150J/m2未満であると、パルプ繊維間の水素結合が阻害され過ぎ、オフ輪印刷に耐え得る紙力を確保できなくなるおそれがある。内部結合強さが800J/m2を超えると、オフ輪じわ発生を抑制する効果が飽和し、経済性にも乏しくなるおそれがある。
本発明の塗工紙の塗工層形成方法は、前記原紙の少なくとも片面に顔料及び接着剤を主成分とする塗工液を塗工し、乾燥することにより、少なくとも1層の塗工層を形成する工程と、原紙及び塗工層に加圧仕上げ処理を施す工程とを有する方法である。
本発明の塗工紙では、片面あたりの塗工層を1~4層設けることが好ましく、1~3層設けることがより好ましく、1~2層設けることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の塗工紙の離解パルプの重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60mm未満であると、繊維間結合面積が小さく、強度不足となるため、紙層間剥離し易くなる。
逆に、離解パルプの重さ加重平均繊維長が0.90mmを超えると、繊維間結合面積が増加し、寸法安定性が悪くなり、オフ輪じわが発生しやすくなる。
本発明の塗工紙の離解パルプの繊維長分布係数が1.30未満であると、紙層間結合を強くする異なる繊維長の繊維が少なく、繊維間結合面積が小さくなり強度不足となるため、紙層間剥離し易くなる。
また、離解パルプの繊維長分布係数が1.90を超えると、長繊維と微細繊維が多くなり繊維間結合面積が増加し、寸法安定性が悪くなり、オフ輪じわが発生しやすくなる。
特開平5-163018号公報「炭酸カルシウムの製造方法」に記載の方法によって炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を製造した。反応槽に濃度9.0質量%の水酸化カルシウム水性懸濁液を600リットル装填し、炭酸ガスを空気で希釈しながらその希釈ガス(炭酸ガス濃度:20容量%)を流量1500リットル/分(15℃)の割合で吹き込んだ。
炭酸ガスの微細気泡形成手段として、反応槽下部に円錐形状の気体溜(頂角90°)に形成した小孔(丸型、径20mm、開孔率5%)から微細気泡をバブリングした。
反応開始温度は42℃、反応時間は80分間であった。得られた炭酸カルシウムの平均粒子径(レーザー回折散乱法(累積質量が50%に相当する点での粒子径を平均粒子径とした。)による。装置:日機装社製「マイクロトラックHRA」)、モル吸光係数、見掛け比重は各々6.2μm、17.9、0.25であった。また、この炭酸カルシウムは、軽質炭酸カルシウムである。
新聞古紙と雑誌古紙を同量ずつ混合した古紙原料を高濃度パルパーに仕込み離解した。
離解後の原料を1%に希釈し、除塵工程として、ホールバスケットとスリットバスケットを有するスクリーンで順に処理した。さらに、フローテーター(商品名:OKフローテーター、王子エンジニアリング社製)による脱墨工程、エキストラクターによる洗浄工程で処理した後、ついでバルブレスシックナー、及びスクリュープレスによる濃縮工程にて25%まで濃縮した後、過酸化水素3%、苛性ソーダ2%、及び珪酸ソーダ2%を添加し、温度70℃に昇温し、軸タイプの分散機としてディスパーザー(相川鉄工社製)を用いて1回目の分散処理を行った。処理後のパルプは温度を保持しながら3時間の漂白処理を行い、ついで軸タイプの分散機としてディスパーザー(相川鉄工社製)を用いて2回目の分散処理を行った。
(未漂白パルプの製造(蒸解工程))
Lo-solids蒸解釜(アンドリッツ社製)を用い、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグロブラス=40:40:20(質量比)からなる広葉樹チップをLo-solids蒸解法でクラフト蒸解した。ここで、硫化度28の白液(蒸解液)を用いて、白液添加率が、活性アルカリとして、チップ供給系に対チップ絶乾質量当たり10%を、蒸解ゾーンに8%、洗浄ゾーンに2%分割して添加し、蒸解温度146℃で行なった。蒸解後のチップを解繊した後、洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(100/0))、スクリーン工程、さらに再度洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(100/0))を経て、未晒パルプ(未漂白パルプ)を得た。
前記未晒パルプに対し、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを1.7%、酸素を1.8%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、98℃、50分の条件で二段アルカリ酸素漂白を行なった。
ここで、苛性ソーダは一段目に一括添加し、酸素ガスは一段目に1.0%、二段目に0.8%と分割添加した。アルカリ酸素漂白後のパルプは、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。
ついで、絶乾パルプ質量当たりオゾンを0.5%、二酸化塩素を0.5%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、58℃、60分の条件で中濃度オゾン/二酸化塩素漂白を行なった後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。ついで、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを1.0%、過酸化水素を0.1%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、60℃、90分の条件でアルカリ抽出を行なった後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。ついで絶乾パルプ質量当たり二酸化塩素を0.2%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、70℃、120分の条件で二酸化塩素漂白を行なった後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理して漂白パルプを得た。得られた漂白パルプのISO白色度は90.1%であった。ついでバルブレスフィルターにおいてろ過水/清水(100/0)で洗浄を行った。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は566ppmであった。
ろ過水/清水(100/0)で洗浄を行った漂白パルプ(濃度4.2質量%)を、3機並列(刃は同一のものを使用)に連結したダブル・ディスク・レファイナー(刃の材質:Ni-Hard、刃幅:4.0mm、溝幅:4.0mm)に導入し、CSF440mlまで叩解し、叩解パルプスラリーを得た。
前記叩解パルプスラリーに、アルケニル無水コハク酸系サイズ剤0.04%(ファイブラン81K/荒川化学工業社製)、硫酸アルミニウムを0.5%(対パルプ、固形分換算)、カチオン化澱粉(商品名:王子エースK、王子コーンスターチ社製)1.1%(対パルプ、固形分換算)をマシンチェストに順次添加した後、回収した白水と上記パルプスラリーを混合し、先に製造した炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を得られる非塗工紙中の含有量が3.5%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加した。さらに、歩留まり剤としてカチオン性アクリル系樹脂(商品名:DR-3015、ハイモ社製)0.016%をスクリーン手前に添加して、紙料を調製した(濃度1.01%)。
この紙料をJ/W比0.995、抄速1,010m/分でオントップフォーマにより紙層を形成し、3基のロールプレスで搾水後、一段配列ドライヤーで乾燥した後、オンマシン仕様の2ロールサイズプレス装置で表面サイズ処理を行った。即ち、酸化澱粉2%、スチレン-メタクリル酸共重合体系表面サイズ剤(ポリマロンNP-25/荒川化学工業社製)0.10%、及び芒硝0.3%よりなるサイズプレス液を固形分で1.0g/m2となるように塗布し、カレンダー処理して、水分4.5%、坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。抄造時は回収した白水の放流は実施しなかった。すなわち、抄紙工程では、抄紙に白水/清水(100/0)を用いた。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が5.3%となる量とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1300ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF410mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となる量とした点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.021%とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグロブラス=80:10:10からなるチップを使用した点、漂白パルプの叩解工程前段のバルブレスフィルターで用いた洗浄水をろ過水/清水(50/50)とした点、叩解をCSF430mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製、平均粒子径(動的光散乱法による。装置:日機装社製、粒子径・ゼータ電位測定装置「ナノトラックUPA-UZ152」):3nm)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.05%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.028%とした点、抄速を925m/分とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2 の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1300ppmであった。
アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=80:20からなる広葉樹チップを使用し、未晒パルプに対し、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを2.5%、酸素を1.8%添加した。次いで、パルプ濃度10%、98℃、50分の条件で二段アルカリ酸素漂白を行った。アルカリ酸素漂白後のパルプに対し、絶乾パルプ質量当たり硫酸を1.2%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、60℃、60分の条件で滞留させた後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。次いで、絶乾パルプ質量当たりオゾンを0.5%、二酸化塩素を0.5%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、58℃、60分の条件で中濃度オゾン/二酸化塩素漂白を行なった後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。次いで、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを1.4%、過酸化水素を0.1%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、60℃、90分の条件でアルカリ抽出を行なった後、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。填料として炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.0%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加すると共に、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.20%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は3200ppmであった。
アカシアマンギュームからなる広葉樹チップを使用し、ダブル・ディスク・レファイナーでCSF370mlまで叩解し、填料として炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を非塗工紙中の含有量が14.0%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加し、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂(商品名:DR-3015、ハイモ社製)0.021%をスクリーン手前に添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は2900ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギュームからなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムを添加せずに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.30%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.021%とした点、及び抄速を915m/分とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は2700ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムを添加せずに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.08%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1300ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を非塗工紙中の含有量が6.0%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.08%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1300ppmであった。
アカシアマンギュームからなる広葉樹チップを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の蒸解工程を行った。
ついで、実施例1と同様にして漂白工程を行い、漂白パルプを得た。得られた漂白パルプのISO白色度は90.1%であった。ついで抄き上げ固形分50%の抄き上げパルプを得た。ついでパルパーで分散し、バルブレスフィルターにおいてろ過水/清水(50/50)で洗浄を行った。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1300ppmであった。叩解はCSF450mlまで行った。
その後、実施例1と同様に抄紙工程を行い、水分4.5%、坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグロブラス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となる量とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は2000ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグロブラス=60:30:5:5からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウム(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となる量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は2000ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=30:70からなるチップを使用した点、漂白パルプの叩解工程前段のバルブレスフィルターで用いた洗浄水をろ過水/清水(50/50)とした点、叩解をCSF415mlまで行った点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が5.0%となる量とした点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.024%とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は650ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=85:15からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が8.5%となる量とした点、及び抄紙工程で抄紙に白水/清水(85/15)を用いた点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1280ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミスからなる広葉樹チップを使用した点、マシンチェスト前段の配合ボックスで前記広葉樹より得たパルプ100質量部にDIP(A)40質量部を混合した点、CSF410mlまで叩解を行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)5.5%をファンポンプ前に添加し、DIP(A)に含まれている灰分(填料;炭酸カルシウムを含む。)と合わせ、得られる非塗工紙の灰分が8.2%となるようにファンポンプ前添加した点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.024%とした点、及び抄速を915m/分とした点以外は実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。広葉樹チップから得たパルプとDIP(A)を混合した配合ボックスよりサンプリングし、混合パルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量を測定したところ1300ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF355mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.021%とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF587mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.021%とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF405mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が19.0%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.021%とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
炭酸カルシウムの代わりに、焼成カオリン(商品名:アンシレックス、EMC社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が5.3%となるように添加した以外は、実施例2と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=10:90からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が4.0%となる量とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は240ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとしてアカシアマンギュームからなるチップを使用し、実施例1と同様にして、蒸解工程~抄紙工程を行った。
ただし、漂白工程では、未晒パルプに対して添加する絶乾パルプ質量当たりの苛性ソーダの量を1.9%とした点、及びアルカリ抽出における絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダの量を1.5%とした点を実施例1から変更した。得られた漂白パルプのISO白色度は90.1%であった。また、抄き上げ固形分50%の抄き上げパルプとし、ついでパルパーで分散し、バルブレスフィルターにおいてろ過水/清水(100/0)で洗浄を行った。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は4200ppmであった。
叩解工程では、叩解をCSF450mlまで行った。
抄紙工程では、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.0%となる量に変更するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が0.20%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した。また、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.022%に変更した。紙料の濃度は1.09%であった。
そして、この紙料を用いて、抄速を900m/分に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして紙層を形成し、以降の工程も実施例1と同様にして、水分4.5%、坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用し、実施例1と同様にして、蒸解工程、~抄紙工程を行った。ただし、未晒パルプに添加する二段アルカリ酸素漂白時における絶乾パルプ質量当たりの苛性ソーダ量を1.9%とした点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中4.0%となる量とした点を実施例1から変更した。そして、坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は2000ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなる広葉樹チップを使用し、実施例1と同様にして、蒸解工程、~抄紙工程を行った。ただし、未晒パルプに添加する二段アルカリ酸素漂白時における絶乾パルプ質量当たりの苛性ソーダ量を2.0%とした点、漂白パルプの洗浄の際のバルブレスフィルターにおける洗浄水をろ過水/清水(50/50)とした点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.009%とした点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中7.0%となる量とした点、及び抄紙工程で抄紙に白水/清水(85/15)を用いた点を実施例1から変更した。そして、坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は900ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグランディス=10:70:20からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF455mlまで行った点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.0%となる量とした点以外は実施例1と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は240ppmであった。
炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の代わりに、タルク(商品名:タルク80、富士タルク工業株式会社製)を非塗工紙中の含有量が7.5%となるように添加した以外は、実施例3と同様にして坪量64g/m2の非塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は1600ppmであった。
比較例7として、特許文献1の実施例に沿った例を実施した。
木材チップとしてユーカリ40%、オーク20%、及びアカシア40%を用い、オートクレーブ内で液比4、硫化度28%、及び有効アルカリ17%(Na2Oとして)となるように蒸解白液を加えた後、蒸解温度を160℃にてクラフト蒸解を行った。クラフト蒸解終了後、黒液を分離した。得られたチップを高濃度離解機によって解繊後、濾布で遠心脱水と水洗浄を3回繰返した。ついでスクリーンにより、未蒸解物を除き、遠心脱水してカッパー価19.7、ジクロロメタン抽出物中の脂肪酸と脂肪族アルコールの合計量が全パルプ質量に対して0.16質量%である蒸解未漂白パルプを得た。
比較例8として、特許文献2の実施例に沿った例を実施した。
木材チップとしてユーカリ40%、オーク20%、アカシア30%、及び国内材(具体的にはヒノキ、若しくはラワンなどの建築廃材、又は杉、若しくは松などの間伐材の総称)10%を用い、オートクレーブ内で液比4、硫化度28%、及び有効アルカリ17%(Na2Oとして)となるように蒸解白液を加えた後、蒸解温度を160℃にてクラフト蒸解を行った。クラフト蒸解終了後、黒液を分離し、得られたチップを高濃度離解機によって解繊後、濾布で遠心脱水と水洗浄を3回繰返した。ついでスクリーンにより、未蒸解物を除き、遠心脱水してカッパー価19.9である蒸解未漂白パルプを得た。
ついで、イオン交換水にて洗浄及び脱水後、パルプ濃度を10%に調製し、過酸化水素0.5%、及び苛性ソーダ0.5%を順次添加し、70℃、120分間の過酸化水素処理(P)を行った。ついで、イオン交換水にて洗浄及び脱水後、パルプ濃度を10%に調製し、二酸化塩素0.25%を添加し、70℃、180分間二酸化塩素処理(D)を行った。最後にイオン交換水にて洗浄及び脱水後、白色度85.1%の漂白パルプを得た。ここで、パルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量は703ppmであった。
抄紙した非塗工紙の乾燥サンプル50×100mmを精秤し、濃塩酸(12規定)0.1ml、及びクロロホルム2ml加え、10分間超音波処理を行った。得られた抽出液をメンブレンフィルタ(ポア径0.2μm)で濾過した。上記濾液を用いて高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析を行った。溶離液としてメタノール:トリフルオロ酢酸を0.1%含んだアセトン=50:50を用い、流量1ml/分とした。使用カラムはウォーターズ社製X Bridge C18, 250mm×4.6mm I.Dで、温度は30℃とし、濾液を2μl注入した。検出器は荷電化粒子検出器を用いて、直鎖アルコール(A)(高級アルコールC24H49OH、C26H53OH、C28H57OH)及び直鎖脂肪酸(B)(高級脂肪酸C23H47COOH、C25H51COOH、C27H55COOH)を検出し、それぞれについて下記の計算式により試料中濃度を求め、合計を算出した。各成分のピーク面積値は、ベーズラインと各ピークで囲まれた部分であるが、部分的に重複するピークについてはJIS K 0124の垂線法によりピーク分離し求めた。
計算式:試料中濃度(ppm)=標品濃度(100ppm)÷標品ピーク面積値×試料ピーク面積値×2(ml)÷(試料質量(mg)÷1000)
叩解工程に送るパルプをサンプリング、乾燥させ、乾燥パルプ約200mgを精秤し、濃塩酸(12規定)0.1ml、クロロホルム2ml加え、10分間超音波処理を行った。得られた抽出液をメンブレンフィルタ(ポア径0.2μm)で濾過した。上記濾液を用いて高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析を行った。分析方法及び試料中濃度の計算方法は、上述した非塗工紙についての測定の場合と同様に行った。
TOF-SIMS(機種:アルバック・ファイ社製TRIFT4)を用いたNegative測定(-イオン検出)により行った。測定条件は、1次イオン源に金(Au+)を使用し、測定深さは約1nm、測定面積は100μm角で行った。
検出された直鎖脂肪酸(B)、すなわち、高級脂肪酸C23H47COOH、C25H51COOH、及びC27H55COOHの分子イオンピークはそれぞれ、質量数(m/z)367、395、及び423の位置に検出され、これらのピーク強度(2次イオンカウント数)の合計値をTotalイオン量(全ピークの2次イオンカウント数合計値)で割り算し、その割り算した値に10000を掛けた値を表面の直鎖脂肪酸(B)の存在量とした(計算式1)。
また、検出された直鎖アルコール(A)、すなわち、高級アルコールC24H49OH、C26H53OH、及びC28H57OHの分子イオンピークはそれぞれ、質量数(m/z)351、379、及び407の位置に検出され、これらのピーク強度(2次イオンカウント数)の合計値をTotalイオン量(全ピークの2次イオンカウント数合計値)で割り算し、その割り算した値に10000を掛けた値を表面の直鎖アルコール(A)の存在量とした(計算式2)。
そして、直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の各存在量をたし合わせて、これらの合計存在量とした。
計算式1:表面の直鎖脂肪酸(B)量={(Im/z367+Im/z395+Im/z423)/Itotal}×10000
計算式2:表面の直鎖アルコール(A)量={(Im/z351+Im/z379+Im/z407)/Itotal}×10000
JIS P 8251:2003に記載の灰分試験方法(525℃燃焼法)に基いて、測定した。
ISO15359:1999に準じて水平式摩擦係数試験機(MU Measurement社製、商品名:「Amontons II」)を用いて、23℃・50%RHの条件で24時間調湿した試料のW面とW面を重ね合わせ、MD方向について測定した。
セイコーエプソン(株)製のモノクロレーザープリンタLP8600を用い、23℃、50%RHの環境下で実施した。給紙サンプルは、包装開封後、直ちに複写機の手差しトレイに置き、1000枚走行させ、その時の走行不良(空走、紙詰まり及び重走)の発生枚数の合計を走行トラブル数としてカウントした。
走行不良の発生枚数を下記の基準で判定し、表1及び2に記載する。
A:0~5枚
B:6~10枚
C:11枚以上
セイコーエプソン(株)製のモノクロレーザープリンタLP8600を用い、28℃、85%RHの環境下で実施した。給紙サンプルは、包装開封後、直ちに複写機の手差しトレイに置き、1000枚走行させ、その時の皺の発生枚数をカウントした。
(優)A → F(劣)
A:0枚
B:1~5枚
C:6~10枚
D:11~15枚
E:16~20枚
F:21枚以上
皺の発生枚数を表1及び2に記載する。
非塗工紙をJIS P 8220に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解し、得られた離解パルプの繊維長をKajaani社製Fiber Labにより測定し、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)と数平均繊維長(M)を求めた。そして、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)と数平均繊維長(M)とを、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)/数平均繊維長(M)の式に代入して繊維長分布係数を算出した。
非塗工紙をJIS P 8220に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解し、これにより得られた離解パルプをJIS P 8121に準拠してろ水度を測定した。
上記で得た非塗工紙についてチリ等の欠点を下記の基準で目視判定した。
A:チリ等の欠点なし
B:チリ等の欠点がわずかに存在するが、実用上問題ないレベル
C:チリ等の欠点が多く、実用上問題となるレベル
オフセット枚葉印刷機(SM102、ハイデルベルグ社製)を用い、カラー4色刷り(刷り順:墨、藍、紅、黄)(フュージョンG EZ Nタイプ、DIC社製)、印刷スピード12000部/hにて印刷した後、1時間後に、菊版(636mm×939mm)10枚重ねしたものを上部より吊り下げた時のMDカールを測定した。
A:カールが殆ど発生せず、MDカール測定値が、10mm以内であり、全く問題ない。
B:カールが僅かに発生し、MDカール測定値が、11~30mm以内であり、実用上問題ない。
C:カールが発生し、MDカール測定値が、30~40mm以内であり、実用上問題となる。
D:カールが酷く発生し、MDカール測定値が、40mm以上であり、大きな問題となる。
(優)A → F(劣)
A:非常に良好である。
B:良好である。
C:若干劣るが、概ね良好である。
D:劣るが、実用上問題ないレベルである。
E:劣り、実用できないレベルである。
F:極めて劣り、実用できないレベルである。
(未漂白パルプの製造(蒸解工程))
Lo-solids蒸解釜(アンドリッツ社製)を用い、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグロブラス=40:40:20(質量比)からなる広葉樹チップをLo-solids蒸解法でクラフト蒸解した。ここで、硫化度28の白液(蒸解液)を用いて、白液添加率が、活性アルカリとして、チップ供給系に対チップ絶乾質量当たり10%を、蒸解ゾーンに8%、洗浄ゾーンに2%分割して添加し、蒸解温度146℃で行なった。蒸解後のチップを解繊した後、洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(100/0))、スクリーン工程、さらに再度洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(100/0))を経て、未晒パルプ(未漂白パルプ)を得た。
前記未晒パルプに対し、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを1.7%、酸素を1.8%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、98℃、50分間の条件で二段アルカリ酸素漂白を行なった。ここで、苛性ソーダは一段目に一括添加し、酸素ガスは一段目に1.0%、二段目に0.8%と分割添加した。アルカリ酸素漂白後のパルプは、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。
ろ過水/清水(100/0)で洗浄を行った漂白パルプ(濃度4.2質量%)を、3機並列(刃は同一のものを使用)に連結したダブル・ディスク・レファイナー(刃の材質:Ni-Hard、刃幅:4.0mm、溝幅:4.0mm)に導入し、CSF445mlまで叩解し、叩解パルプスラリーを得た。
前記叩解パルプスラリーに、アルケニル無水コハク酸系サイズ剤0.04%(ファイブラン81K/荒川化学工業社製)、硫酸アルミニウムを0.5%(対パルプ、固形分換算)、及びカチオン化澱粉(商品名:王子エースK、王子コーンスターチ社製)1.0%(対パルプ、固形分換算)をマシンチェストに順次添加した後、回収した白水と上記パルプスラリーを混合し、先に製造した炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を、得られる原紙中の含有量が3.5%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加した。さらに、歩留まり剤としてカチオン性アクリル系樹脂(商品名:DR-3015、ハイモ社製)0.010%をスクリーン手前に添加して、紙料を調製した(濃度1.01%)。
この紙料をJ/W比0.995、抄速1,050m/分でオントップフォーマにより紙層を形成し、3基のロールプレスで搾水後、一段配列ドライヤーで乾燥した後、オンマシン仕様の2ロールサイズプレス装置で表面サイズ処理を行った。即ち、酸化澱粉2%よりなるサイズプレス液を固形分で1.0g/m2となるように塗布し、次に二段配列ドライヤーにて乾燥して、オンマシン仕様になるマシンキャレンダーに通紙して、水分4.5%、坪量47.4g/m2の原紙を得た。繊維配向比は1.02であった。抄造時は回収した白水の放流は実施しなかった。すなわち、抄紙工程では、抄紙に白水/清水(100/0)を用いた。
重質炭酸カルシウム(商品名:ハイドロカーブ60、備北粉化工業社製)からなる顔料スラリーに、顔料100部に対して、接着剤として澱粉(商品名:王子エースA、王子コーンスターチ社製)4部、及びスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックス(商品名:OJ-2000、JSR社製)5部を添加し、さらに助剤として消泡剤及び染料を順次加えて、最終的に固形分濃度67%の下塗り塗工層用顔料塗工液を調製した。
分散剤としてポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(商品名:アロンT-50、東亞合成社製)を分散するカオリンに対して0.1部添加した水溶液に、カオリン(商品名:ハイドラグロス90、ヒューバー社製)50部、及び重質炭酸カルシウム(商品名:ハイドロカーブ90、備北粉化工業社製)50部を添加し、コーレス分散機で分散して顔料スラリーを調製した。この顔料スラリーに、顔料100部に対して、酸化澱粉(商品名:王子エースA、王子コーンスターチ社製)3部、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックス(商品名:OJ-2000、JSR社製)8.4部、さらに助剤として消泡剤及び染料を順次加えて、最終的に固形分濃度66.5%の上塗り塗工層用顔料塗工液を調製した。
上記で得た塗工紙用原紙(坪量47.4g/m2)に前記下塗り塗工層用顔料塗工液を、ジェットファウンテン方式で塗工液を供給するブレードコーターを使用して、片面あたりの乾燥塗工量が7.5g/m2となるように塗工及び乾燥して、両面下塗り塗工紙を得た。続いて、前記両面下塗り塗工紙に前記上塗り塗工層用顔料塗工液を、ジェットファウンテン方式で塗工液を供給するブレードコーターを使用して、片面あたりの乾燥塗工量が9.5g/m2となるように塗工及び乾燥して、塗工紙を得た。このようにして得られた塗工紙を、金属ロールと樹脂ロールが傾斜配置されているマルチニップカレンダーにて、温度、線圧、及び通紙条件を調整して、白紙光沢度が70%となるように、坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が5.2%となる量とした点、カチオン性アクリル樹脂の添加量を0.015%とした点、J/W比を1.000とした点、及び繊維配向比が1.07であった点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1322ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=70:20:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF420mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウム(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.020%とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1935ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグロブラス=80:10:10からなるチップを使用した点、漂白パルプの叩解工程前段のバルブレスフィルターで用いた洗浄水をろ過水/清水(70/30)とした点、叩解をCSF441mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製、平均粒子径(動的光散乱法による。装置:日機装社製、粒子径・ゼータ電位測定装置「ナノトラックUPA-UZ152」):3nm)を原紙中の含有量が0.05%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.025%とした点、及び抄速を930m/分とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は2060ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=80:20からなるチップを使用した点、未晒パルプに対して添加する、苛性ソーダを絶乾パルプ質量当たり1.2%とした点、叩解をCSF465mlまで行った点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.025%とした点、J/W比を1.005とした点、及び繊維配向比が1.13であった点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は3800ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギュームからなるチップを使用した点、未晒パルプに対して添加する、苛性ソーダを絶乾パルプ質量当たり1.4%とした点、叩解をCSF379mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.025%とした点以外は実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は3380ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギュームからなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF467mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムを添加せずに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を原紙中の含有量が0.3%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.020%とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は2830ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF440mlまで行った点、及び炭酸カルシウムを添加せずに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を原紙中の含有量が0.10%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1313ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF440mlまで行った点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)を原紙中の含有量が6%となるようにファンポンプ前に添加するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を原紙中の含有量が0.10%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1313ppmであった。
アカシアマンギュームからなる広葉樹チップを用いた以外は、実施例20と同様の蒸解工程を行った。
ついで、実施例20と同様にして漂白工程を行い、漂白パルプを得た。得られた漂白パルプのISO白色度は90.1%であった。ついで抄き上げ固形分50%の抄き上げパルプを得た。ついでパルパーで分散し、バルブレスフィルターにおいてろ過水/清水(50/50)で洗浄を行った。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1310ppmであった。叩解はCSF450mlまで行った。
その後、J/W比を1.010とし、繊維配向比が1.18であった以外は、実施例20と同様に抄紙工程を行い、坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグロブラス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は2100ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は2100ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=30:70からなるチップを使用した点、漂白パルプの叩解工程前段のバルブレスフィルターで用いた洗浄水をろ過水/清水(50/50)とした点、叩解をCSF420mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が5.0%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.022%とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は670ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=85:15からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が8.5%となる量とした点、及び抄紙工程で抄紙に白水/清水(85/15)を用いた点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1300ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF350mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点、及びカチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.020%とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1650ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:アカシアハイブリッド:ユーカリグランディス=60:30:10からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF590mlまで行った点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.020%とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は1650ppmであった。
(塗工層用顔料塗工液の調製)
分散剤としてポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(商品名:アロンT-50、東亞合成社製)を分散するカオリンに対して0.1部添加した水溶液に、カオリン(商品名:ハイドラグロス90、ヒューバー社製)30部、及び重質炭酸カルシウム(商品名:ハイドロカーブ90、備北粉化工業社製)70部を添加し、コーレス分散機で分散して顔料スラリーを調製した。この顔料スラリーに、顔料100部に対して、酸化澱粉(商品名:王子エースA、王子コーンスターチ社製)4部、スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックス(商品名:OJ-2000、JSR社製)6.5部、さらに助剤として消泡剤及び染料を順次加えて、最終的に固形分濃度67%の塗工層用顔料塗工液を調製した。
実施例20で得た塗工紙用原紙(坪量47.4g/m2)に前記塗工層用顔料塗工液を、ジェットファウンテン方式で塗工液を供給するブレードコーターを使用して、片面あたりの乾燥塗工量が8.3g/m2となるように塗工及び乾燥して、塗工紙を得た。このようにして得られた塗工紙を、金属ロールと樹脂ロールが傾斜配置されているマルチニップカレンダーにて、温度、線圧、及び通紙条件を調整して、白紙光沢度が50%となる、坪量64.0g/m2の塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリペリータ=60:40からなるチップを使用した点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.7%となる量とした点以外は、実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は2100ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=10:90からなるチップを使用した点、炭酸カルシウム(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が4.0%となる量とした点以外は、実施例1と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は230ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとしてアカシアマンギュームからなるチップを使用し、実施例20と同様にして、蒸解工程~抄紙工程を行った。
ただし、漂白工程では、未晒パルプに対して添加する苛性ソーダの量を絶乾パルプ質量当たり1.0%とした点を実施例20から変更した。得られた漂白パルプのISO白色度は90.1%であった。また、抄き上げ固形分50%の抄き上げパルプとし、ついでパルパーで分散し、バルブレスフィルターにおいてろ過水/清水(100/0)で洗浄を行った。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は5200ppmであった。
叩解工程では、叩解をCSF450mlまで行った。
抄紙工程では、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.0%となる量に変更するとともに、コロイダルシリカ(商品名:NP882、エカケミカルス社製)を原紙中の含有量が0.2%となるようにマシンチェストに添加した。また、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.020%に変更した。紙料の濃度は1.09%であった。
そして、この紙料を用いて、抄速を1,010m/分に変更した以外は実施例20と同様にして紙層を形成し、以降の工程も実施例20と同様にして、坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリカマルドレンシス=50:50からなる広葉樹チップを使用し、実施例20と同様にして、蒸解工程~抄紙工程を行った。ただし、未晒パルプに添加する二段アルカリ酸素漂白時における絶乾パルプ質量当たりの苛性ソーダ量を2.0%とした点、叩解をCSF400mlまで行った点、漂白パルプの洗浄の際のバルブレスフィルターにおける洗浄水をろ過水/清水(50/50)とした点、カチオン性アクリル系樹脂の添加量を0.010%とした点、炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中7.0%となる量とした点、及び抄紙工程で抄紙に白水/清水(85/15)を用いた点を実施例20から変更した。そして、坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は800ppmであった。
広葉樹チップとして、アカシアアウリカリフォルミス:ユーカリカマルドレンシス:ユーカリグランディス=10:70:20からなるチップを使用した点、叩解をCSF450mlまで行った点、及び炭酸カルシウムスラリー(A)の添加量を原紙中の含有量が7.0%となる量とした点以外は実施例20と同様にして坪量81.4g/m2の塗工紙を得た。叩解工程へ送るパルプ中の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)の合計含有量は220ppmであった。
(広葉樹パルプの製造(蒸解工程))
Lo-solids蒸解釜(アンドリッツ社製)を用い、アカシアマンギューム:ユーカリグランディス=50:50(質量比)からなる広葉樹チップをLo-solids蒸解法でクラフト蒸解した。ここで、硫化度28の白液(蒸解液)を用いて、白液添加率が、活性アルカリとして、チップ供給系に対チップ絶乾質量当たり10%を、蒸解ゾーンに8%、洗浄ゾーンに2%分割して添加し、蒸解温度146℃で蒸解を行なった。蒸解後のチップを解繊した後、洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(50/50))、スクリーン工程、さらに再度洗浄工程(ろ過水/清水(50/50))を経て、未晒パルプ(未漂白パルプ)を得た。
前記未晒パルプに対し、絶乾パルプ質量当たり苛性ソーダを1.7%、酸素を1.8%添加し、パルプ濃度10%、98℃、50分間の条件で二段アルカリ酸素漂白を行なった。ここで、苛性ソーダは一段目に一括添加し、酸素ガスは一段目に1.0%、二段目に0.8%と分割添加した。アルカリ酸素漂白後のパルプは、洗浄工程で洗浄処理した。
上記漂白パルプ(濃度4.6質量%)を、3機並列(刃は同一のものを使用)に連結したダブル・ディスク・レファイナー(刃の材質:SUS、刃幅:1.0mm、溝幅:2.0mm)に導入し、CSF350mlまで叩解し、叩解パルプスラリーを得た。
(広葉樹パルプの作製)
Lo-solids蒸解釜(アンドリッツ社製)を用い、ユーカリグランディスからなる広葉樹チップをLo-solids蒸解法でクラフト蒸解した。ここで、硫化度28の白液を用いて、白液添加率が、活性アルカリとして、チップ供給系に、対チップ絶乾質量当たり10%を、蒸解ゾーンに8%、洗浄ゾーンに2%分割して添加し、蒸解温度146℃で行なった。蒸解後のチップを解繊した後、洗浄工程、スクリーン工程、さらに再度洗浄工程を経て、未晒パルプを得た。
Lo-solids蒸解釜(アンドリッツ社製)を用い、ダグラスファー:ラジアータパイン:カリビアンパイン=1:1:1(質量比)からなる針葉樹チップをLo-solids蒸解法でクラフト蒸解した。ここで、硫化度25の白液を用いて、白液添加率が、活性アルカリとして、チップ供給系に対チップ絶乾質量当たり10%を、蒸解ゾーンに8%、洗浄ゾーンに2%分割して添加し、蒸解温度を165℃で行なった。蒸解後のチップを解繊した後、洗浄工程、スクリーン工程、さらに再度洗浄工程を経て、未晒パルプを得た。
前記叩解パルプを、針葉樹:広葉樹=50:50(質量比)となるように混合したパルプスラリーに、填料として軽質炭酸カルシウムを紙灰分が6.5%となるように添加し、さらに内添サイズ剤としてAKDサイズ剤(商品名:サイズパインK-902、荒川化学製)0.1%(対パルプ、固形分換算)、及び予め糊化したカチオン澱粉(商品名:王子エースK、王子コーンスターチ社製)0.5%(対パルプ、固形分換算)を添加し、ついでカチオン性脂肪酸アミドとノニオン性湿潤剤との混合物(商品名:プロソフトTQ-230、理研グリーン社製)を原紙質量に対する含有率が1%となるように添加して得た紙料を調製した。この紙料を用いて、J/W比0.995、運転抄速1010m/分でオントップフォーマにより紙層を形成し、連続する3基のシュープレスで搾水後、ロールプレスで搾水、及び平滑化処理し、一段配列ドライヤーで乾燥して、水分5.0%、坪量40.0g/m2の塗工紙用原紙を得た。
軽質炭酸カルシウム(商品名:FMT90、ファイマテック社製)50部、及び微粒カオリン(商品名:ミラグロスOP、平均粒子径:0.25μm、エンゲルハード社製)50部からなる顔料をコーレス分散機で水中に分散して顔料スラリーを得た。このスラリーにスチレン-ブタジエン共重合ラテックス(商品名:PA-9000、日本エイアンドエル社製)10部(固形分)、予め糊化した酸化澱粉(商品名:王子エースA、王子コーンスターチ社製)3.5部(固形分)、消泡剤、蛍光増白染料、及び印刷適性向上剤を添加し、最終的に固形分濃度64%の顔料塗工層用塗工液を調製した。この塗工液を上記で得た原紙に、片面当たりの乾燥塗工量が8g/m2となるようにブレードコーターで両面塗工、及び乾燥して両面塗工紙を得た。ついで得られた塗工紙を、金属ロールと樹脂ロールよりなる4段スーパーキャレンダで線圧が100kg/cmの条件で平滑化処理し、坪量56.0g/m2の塗工紙を得た。
本発明の塗工紙の両面に粘着テープ(住友スリーエム社製電気絶縁テープ、商品名:「No.5」)を貼り付け、直ちに前記塗工紙から粘着テープを引き剥がして原紙層を層剥離させた。そして、層剥離させた原紙部分を剃刀で200mg掻き落とし、直鎖アルコールと直鎖脂肪酸の含有量を測定するためのサンプルとして供した。
上記サンプルを用い、上述した非塗工紙の直鎖アルコール(A)と直鎖脂肪酸(B)との合計含有量の測定と同様に測定した。
叩解工程に送るパルプをサンプリング、乾燥させ、乾燥パルプ約200mgを精秤し、濃塩酸(12規定)0.1ml、クロロホルム2ml加え、10分間超音波処理を行った。得られた抽出液をメンブレンフィルタ(ポア径0.2μm)で濾過した。上記濾液を用いて高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析を行った。分析方法及び試料中濃度の計算方法は、上述した塗工紙についての測定の場合と同様に行った。
塗工紙をJIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解し、得られた離解パルプの繊維長をKajaani社製Fiber Labにより測定し、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)と数平均繊維長(M)を求めた。そして、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)と数平均繊維長(M)とを、重さ加重平均繊維長(W)/数平均繊維長(M)の式に代入して繊維長分布係数を算出した。
塗工紙をJIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解し、これにより得られた離解パルプをJIS P 8121-1995に準拠してろ水度を測定した。
JIS P-8111:1998に準拠して調湿された塗工紙サンプルを、マシン流れ方向に直交するように2mm幅に切り取り、長さ20mmのスパンで熱機械分析器(TMA-SS6000、セイコー電子工業社製)に5gfの一定荷重がかかるようにセットし、当該分析器における端子プローブのPID制御の値として、P(比例)=100、I(積分)=1、D(微分)=100を使用し、23℃から200℃/分の加温速度で設定温度300℃まで昇温させて、設定温度300℃で2分間保持した場合の、昇温前のサンプル長さと昇温開始から1.5分後のサンプル長さから、下記式により乾燥収縮率(%)を求める。
乾燥収縮率(%)={(昇温前のサンプル長さ-昇温開始から1.5分後のサンプル長さ)/昇温前のサンプル長さ}×100
オフセット輪転印刷機(三菱リソピアL-BT3-1100/三菱重工社製)を用いて、両面が4色ベタ図柄と、一方の面が4色ベタ図柄で他方の面がピンクの淡い図柄とした組み合わせ図柄で、印刷速度330m/分、乾燥機出口での紙面温度は120℃とし、乾燥機通過後の冷却ロールには10℃の冷却水を通して印刷し、連続して折り加工を施した。印刷後、オフ輪じわの程度を以下の判定基準で目視評価した。
AA:オフ輪じわが発生しない。
A:幅の広いオフ輪じわが一部発生するが、しわの深さは比較的浅く、全く問題ないレベル。
B:幅の広いオフ輪じわが全体に発生するが、しわの深さは比較的浅く、問題ないレベル。
C:幅の広いオフ輪じわが全体に多数発生し、しわの深さは中程度であり、問題となるレベル。
D:幅の細いオフ輪じわが全体に多数発生し、しわの深さも深いため、製本時に波打って大きな問題となるレベル。
上述した非塗工紙のカールの評価方法と同様にして測定及び評価を行った。
上記で得た塗工紙について、チリ等の欠点を上述した非塗工紙のチリの評価方法と同様の基準で目視判定した。
Claims (8)
- 炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である一価の直鎖アルコールと、炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である直鎖脂肪酸との合計含有量が紙全体の質量に対して100~2000ppmであって、かつ、
飛行時間二次イオン質量分析計で測定された表面の前記直鎖アルコールと前記直鎖脂肪酸との合計存在量が15以下である非塗工紙。 - JIS P 8251:2003に記載の灰分試験方法(525℃燃焼法)で測定された灰分が35質量%以下となる範囲で、炭酸カルシウム、コロイダルシリカ及び焼成カオリンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の物質を含有する請求項1に記載の非塗工紙。
- JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、
JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mmであり、かつ、
繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90である請求項1又は2に記載の非塗工紙。 - JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121:1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が350~550mlであり、
JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mmであり、かつ、
繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60である請求項1又は2に記載の非塗工紙。 - 静摩擦係数が0.40~0.70である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の非塗工紙。
- 原紙上に顔料及び接着剤を含有する塗工層を少なくとも1層設けてなる塗工紙であって、
前記原紙中に炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である一価の直鎖アルコールと、炭素数が24、26、及び28からなる群より選択される炭素数である直鎖脂肪酸との合計含有量が原紙全体の質量に対して100~2000ppmである塗工紙。 - JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が380~550mlであり、
JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.90mmであり、かつ、
繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.90である請求項6に記載の塗工紙。 - JIS P 8220:1998に記載のパルプ離解方法により離解して得られる離解パルプのJIS P 8121-1995に準拠して測定されたろ水度が400~500mlであり、
JAPAN TAPPI No.52:2000で規定された光学的自動計測法でのパルプ繊維長試験方法により測定された重さ加重平均繊維長が0.60~0.80mmであり、かつ、
繊維長分布係数が1.30~1.60である請求項6又は7に記載の塗工紙。
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JP2015227514A (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-17 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | タルク含有紙 |
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