WO2013004144A1 - 用于净化内燃机尾气的方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于净化内燃机尾气的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013004144A1
WO2013004144A1 PCT/CN2012/077725 CN2012077725W WO2013004144A1 WO 2013004144 A1 WO2013004144 A1 WO 2013004144A1 CN 2012077725 W CN2012077725 W CN 2012077725W WO 2013004144 A1 WO2013004144 A1 WO 2013004144A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
wash water
combustion engine
restricting member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/077725
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭斯干
Original Assignee
Peng Sigan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peng Sigan filed Critical Peng Sigan
Priority to CN201280032904.1A priority Critical patent/CN103717294B/zh
Publication of WO2013004144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013004144A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/507—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with other liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
    • B63J4/006—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/06—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for extinguishing sparks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
    • B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
    • B01D2252/103—Water
    • B01D2252/1035—Sea water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1481—Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/02—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device
    • F01N2260/024—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for cooling the device using a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/14—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for modifying or adapting flow area or back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/16—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for reducing exhaust flow pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for stationary applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to a device for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
  • the method and apparatus provided by the present invention are particularly suitable for use in, but not limited to, offshore platforms such as ships, drilling, floating plants, and the like.
  • the water sealing method can be adopted, that is, the water level of the seawater at the bottom of the casing is always maintained above the seawater discharge port to form a water sealing pool.
  • a variety of methods can be used.
  • a water level detector can be arranged inside the casing, an adjustable valve can be arranged in the seawater discharge port or the seawater discharge pipe, and the water level detector and the adjustable valve are connected to the controller. When the water level at the bottom of the housing is lower than the preset value, the water level detector can achieve the purpose by closing the small adjustable valve through the controller.
  • the present invention is directed to providing a new solution.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising:
  • a flow restricting member is disposed in the wash water discharge passage, and the flow restricting member has a through hole for discharging the wash water;
  • the method further includes locating the water level of the wash water at the bottom of the housing above the wash water discharge passage by configuring an aperture of the through hole.
  • the wash water discharge passage may include a wash water outlet on the casing, and a wash water discharge pipe communicating with the wash water outlet.
  • the current limiting component may be disposed at the wash water outlet or may be disposed in the wash water discharge pipe; or the current limiting component is the wash water outlet itself.
  • the 'water level of the wash water above the wash water discharge passage' means that the water level of the wash water is above the wash water discharge port to prevent the exhaust gas from being discharged from the wash water.
  • the passage or wash water outlet escapes.
  • the current limiting member referred to herein refers to a member that limits the flow rate of the washing water.
  • the flow restricting member is disposed in the washing water discharge pipe, and the diameter of the restricting member is smaller than the pipe diameter of the washing water discharge pipe.
  • the application proves by experiment that the size of the aperture can be appropriately configured to maintain the washing water at the bottom of the casing above a certain height.
  • the current limiting component can have The baffle of the fixed through hole; the current limiting member may also be an aperture adjustable baffle, for example, similar to the structure of the camera aperture adjusting device, so that the aperture of the baffle can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • the flow restricting member may also be a baffle made of an elastic material such as rubber.
  • the baffle has a deflecting piece with one end free. If the water level of the washing water at the bottom of the casing rises, the baffle has more pressure, and the deflecting piece Deflection under the action of pressure, the aperture of the baffle is opened more, In this way, the flow rate of the washing water can be increased, so that the flow restricting member is more sensitive to the pressure of the water flow.
  • a main principle of the method for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine provided by the present invention is to make the washing water capable of absorbing SO 2 and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine contact each other, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the exhaust gas SO 2 .
  • the wash water capable of absorbing SO 2 may be any liquid capable of at least partially absorbing SO 2 , particularly an alkaline liquid.
  • an alkaline liquid For ships traveling in natural waters such as freshwater rivers/lakes or seawater, it is easy to use fresh water or seawater in their natural environment. Since natural seawater is usually alkaline and its pH is generally greater than 7, this gives seawater a natural acid-base buffering capacity and the ability to absorb SO 2 . Therefore, seawater is a preferred solution for washing water.
  • the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine can be entered from the exhaust air inlet of a casing, and discharged from the exhaust gas outlet to form an exhaust gas flow path; in addition, the washing water can be made from the shell
  • the body's wash water inlet enters, from the wash water outlet or The wash water discharge passage is discharged to form a wash water flow path.
  • the exhaust gas inlet refers to any opening that allows fluid to enter the interior of the housing.
  • the exhaust gas inlet may be a direct opening in the wall of the housing that may be in communication with a conduit for transporting fluid through a connecting member.
  • the housing can also be integrally formed with the delivery conduit.
  • the delivery conduit can also extend into the interior of the housing such that the exhaust gas inlet refers to the conduit opening that extends into the interior of the housing.
  • the washing water inlet, the washing water outlet, and the exhaust gas outlet can also adopt various transformation forms as described above.
  • the housing used in the present invention may be a closed casing, that is, in addition to the above-mentioned exhaust gas inlet, exhaust gas outlet, washing water inlet, and washing water outlet, other parts are sealed and enter the casing.
  • the gas or liquid can only enter and exit through the above mentioned import and export.
  • a preferred embodiment is to make the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and the washing water reversely contact, that is, the flow direction of the exhaust gas and the flow direction of the washing water are opposite or opposite, or approximate Opposite or relative.
  • the exhaust of the internal combustion engine is in reverse contact with the wash water.
  • the exhaust of the internal combustion engine passes through the interior of the housing from bottom to top, and the wash water passes through the interior of the housing from top to bottom, causing them to be in reverse contact.
  • the washing water inlet can be arranged to be higher than the washing water outlet or the washing water discharge passage in the gravity direction, so that the washing water entering the casing through the washing water inlet passes through the inside of the casing from the top to the bottom; the exhaust air inlet It is lower in the direction of gravity than the exhaust gas outlet, so that the exhaust gas entering the casing through the exhaust gas inlet passes through the inside of the casing from bottom to top. In this way, the wash water and the exhaust gas can be reversely contacted, so that the contact is more sufficient.
  • a water distributor composed of one or more porous spray parts may be disposed uniformly disposed above the inside of the casing to uniformly spray the washing water into the entire casing so that the cross section of the casing can be evenly distributed.
  • the method provided by the present invention further includes dispersing the wash water entering the interior of the housing.
  • the housing of the apparatus provided by the present invention is further provided with means for dispersing the wash water entering the interior of the housing, such as a water distributor.
  • the exhaust gas inlet can be configured to be above the level of the wash water at the bottom of the housing such that the wash water does not flow out of the exhaust gas inlet.
  • the inclination angle from the horizontal liquid surface of the wash water more preferably, may be configured such that the exhaust gas intake port of the housing, even at its bottom 22. 5 °, the washing water does not enter the exhaust gas inlet.
  • the restricting member is a baffle made of an elastic material, and the baffle has a deflecting piece with one end free to better maintain the water level under the exhaust air inlet.
  • the exhaust gas inlet is located in the housing In the lower part of the side, the exhaust gas outlet is located at the top of the casing, and the exhaust gas outlet can be connected to the chimney to directly discharge the exhaust gas into the atmosphere;
  • the washing water inlet is located at the upper part of the side of the casing, and the washing water outlet is located at the lower part of the side; and, in the direction of gravity, The wash water outlet is lower than the exhaust gas inlet.
  • the exhaust gas inlet is located at the bottom of the casing, and the exhaust gas outlet is located at the top of the casing, so that the exhaust gas inlet can be directly connected to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, and the exhaust gas outlet is directly connected to the chimney. The exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere.
  • the casing of the method and apparatus provided by the present invention is further filled with a filler capable of forming a gap with each other to form a packing layer, so that the washing water and the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine can be more fully obtained. Ground contact to further enhance the absorption efficiency of SO 2 . Filling the housing with a filler capable of forming a void therebetween allows a filler layer having a large number of voids to be formed in the housing.
  • the packing layer allows at least a part of the space in the casing to form a large amount of voids through which the liquid and the gas can pass, so that both the washing water and the exhaust gas must be dispersed through the gap between the fillers, in which the washing water and the exhaust gas can be sufficient.
  • the present invention also provides an apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the apparatus comprising a casing having an exhaust gas inlet for the exhaust gas entering, an exhaust gas outlet for exhausting the exhaust gas, a wash water inlet port into which the wash water enters, a wash water discharge passage for the wash water discharge, wherein the wash water discharge passage is provided with a flow restricting member, the flow restricting member having the wash water discharge Through hole.
  • a simple The current limiting component replaces the liquid level control system originally composed of a detector, a computer and a variable speed water pump, which not only saves cost but also greatly improves reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic views of another current limiting component of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the purifying and muffling apparatus for exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine in this embodiment includes a casing 1 on which a washing water inlet 4 and a washing water outlet 5 are provided.
  • the washing water inlet 4 Located at the upper side of the side of the casing, the wash water outlet 5 is located at the lower side of the side of the casing. Under the action of gravity, the seawater entering the casing from the wash water inlet 4 passes through the top and bottom, and passes through the wash water outlet. Discharge.
  • the housing is also provided with an exhaust gas intake pipe 21 and an exhaust gas outlet port 3 .
  • the exhaust gas intake pipe 21 Extending into the interior of the housing, the nozzle opening into the interior of the housing is the exhaust gas inlet 2 .
  • the exhaust air inlet 2 is located at the bottom of the housing, and the exhaust air outlet 3 is located at the top of the housing. From the exhaust air inlet 2 The exhaust gas entering the casing passes through the inside of the casing from the bottom to the top and is discharged through the exhaust gas outlet port 3.
  • the wash water outlet 5 is located at the exhaust gas inlet in the direction of gravity 2 Below the washing water that flows to or from the bottom of the casing does not pass through the exhaust gas inlet 2 into the exhaust gas intake pipe 21 .
  • the casing is also filled with a filler which forms a gap with each other to form a packing layer 6.
  • a water distributor 7 is disposed above the packing layer 6.
  • the exhaust gas inlet 2 and the packing layer 6 A flap 8 is also provided between them.
  • the flap 8 is located directly above the exhaust gas inlet 2, completely blocking the liquid from top to bottom in the direction of gravity, and does not allow liquid to enter the exhaust gas inlet 2 .
  • Flap 8 The edge portion of the upper plane is lower than the central portion so that the wash water flowing to or falling to the water deflector further flows to or falls to the bottom of the casing, which further prevents the wash water from entering the exhaust gas inlet port 7 .
  • the apparatus further includes a wash water drain pipe 51 communicating with the wash water outlet port 5, and the wash water drain pipe 51 and the wash water outlet port 5 constitute a wash water drain passage.
  • a flow restricting member 9 is provided in the wash water drain pipe 51, and the flow restricting member is a baffle having a circular through hole. It has been confirmed that the aperture of the circular through hole can be configured as follows:
  • r is the radius of the through hole
  • the unit is mm
  • N is the correction factor of 8 to 80
  • L is the amount of water entering the casing per hour
  • the unit is cubic meters
  • H is the liquid level of the washing water at the bottom of the casing. The height of the bottom, in mm.
  • the through hole of the baffle may also be non-circular; the size of the aperture may be configured such that its area is equivalent to the area of the circular hole having the above aperture r.
  • the distance between the current limiting component and the wall of the housing may be at least 0, that is, disposed at the water outlet of the washing water; the maximum is 6.5 times the maximum dimension of the cross section of the drainage channel. It is preferable that the cross-sectional area of the washing water drain pipe 51 is 1 to 8 times the cross-sectional area of the through hole.
  • the flow restricting member may be a baffle made of rubber.
  • the baffle has a through hole, and the peripheral soft plate of the through hole is divided into a plurality of deflecting pieces 91.
  • One end of the deflecting piece is fixed to the baffle to form a fixed end 92, and one end forms a deflectable free end 93. If the water level of the washing water at the bottom of the casing rises and the pressure of the baffle plate is increased, the deflecting piece will deflect under the action of the pressure as shown in Fig. 2B, so that the opening diameter of the baffle plate is larger. In this way, the flow rate of the washing water can be increased, so that the flow restricting member is more sensitive to the pressure of the water flow.
  • Fig. 3 shows a device for purifying exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the exhaust gas inlet 2 of the apparatus for purifying the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is located at the lower side of the casing 1 in the direction of gravity.
  • the position of the exhaust gas inlet 2 is higher than the position of the wash water outlet 5.
  • the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine communicates with the side of the casing through the exhaust gas intake pipe 21. Since the exhaust gas enters from the side of the casing, a water retaining plate is not required.

Abstract

一种用于净化内燃机尾气的方法，包括：1）使得内燃机排出的尾气进入壳体（1）内部并与用于吸收SO2的洗涤水相互接触；2）通过壳体（1）上的洗涤水排出通道（51）排出洗涤水；其中洗涤水排出通道（51）中设置有限流部件（9），限流部件（9）具有用于洗涤水排出的通孔；该方法还包括：通过配置通孔的孔径使得壳体底部的洗涤水的水位在洗涤水排出通道之上。还提供了一种用于净化内燃机尾气的装置。该用于净化内燃机尾气的方法和装置适用于但不限于船舶、钻井、浮动工厂等海上平台。

Description

用于净化内燃机尾气的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于净化内燃机尾气的方法。本发明还涉及一种用于净化内燃机尾气的装置。本发明所提供的方法和装置特别适用于但不限于船舶、钻井、浮动工厂等海上平台。
背景技术
近 20 年来，净化工业设施排放的以 SO2 为主的气态污染物的国际立法逐步严格和完善，近几年的限制对象已从陆基工业设施发展到海基船舶。限制船舶等内燃机硫氧化物排放的国际立法从 2005 年开始实施。
以天然海水洗涤实现矿物燃料硫氧化物净化的工艺技术，在陆基燃煤电厂的应用已很成熟。 对于海水法烟气脱硫技术在船舶上的应用，其中一个有代表性的解决方案是申请号为 PCT/CN2008/071304 的国际申请（该文献在此并入全文）。该发明所采用的技术方案是：使内燃机尾气与从上往下流动的海水在填料洗涤层实现逆流洗涤，从而实现吸收 SO2 的目的，这有效解决了以上问题。
在应用 申请号为 PCT/CN2008/071304 的国际申请所提供的方案时， 需要解决的一个问题是，从烟气进口进入壳体内的烟气有可能从海水排出口逸出。为了解决这个问题，可以采用水封法，即让壳体底部的海水的水位始终保持在海水排出口之上，形成水封池。要达到此种目的，可以采用多种方法。比如可以在壳体内部设置水位探测器，在海水排出口处或海水排出管中设置可调节阀门，水位探测器与可调节阀门与控制器相连。当壳体底部水位低于预设值时，水位探测器可以通过控制器关小可调节阀门来达到目的。
很显然，采用上面所说的包含水位探测器、控制器和可调节阀门的成本是比较高的，而且，通过实践验证，其可靠性较差，容易发生故障。
鉴于现有技术中所存在的问题，本发明致力于提供一种新的解决办法。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种用于净化内燃机尾气的方法，所述方法包括：
1 ）使所述内燃机排出的尾气进入一壳体内部并与用于吸收 SO2 的洗涤水相互接触；
2 ）通过所述壳体上的洗涤水排出通道排出所述洗涤水；
所述 洗涤水排出通道中设置有 限流部件，所述限流部件具有用于所述洗涤水排出的通孔；
所述方法还包括：通过配置所述通孔的孔径使所述壳体底部的洗涤水的水位在所述洗涤水排出通道之上。
此处所说的 洗涤水排出通道可包括壳体上的洗涤水出水口、与所述洗涤水出水口连通的洗涤水排出管。所述限流部件可以设置于所述洗涤水出水口处，也可以设置于洗涤水排出管内；或者限流部件就是洗涤水出水口本身。
为了达到水封的目的，此处所说的'洗涤水的水位在所述洗涤水排出通道之上'指的是洗涤水的水位在所述洗涤水排出口之上，以防止尾气从洗涤水排出通道或洗涤水出水口逸出。
此处所说的限流部件指的是限制洗涤水流速的部件。例如，将限流部件设置于洗涤水排出管内，限流部件的孔径小于洗涤水排出管的管径。申请通过试验证明，可以适当地配置孔径的大小使壳体底部的洗涤水保持在一定的高度之上。限流部件可以是具有 固定 通孔的挡板；限流部件也可以 是孔径可调节的挡板，例如，类似于照相机光圈调节装置的结构，这样，可以根据实际情况调节挡板的孔径。 限流部件还可以是由弹性材料，如橡胶制成的挡板，挡板上具有一端自由的偏转片，如果壳体底部的洗涤水的水位上升，对挡板具有更大的压力，偏转片在压力的作用下发生偏转，使挡板的孔径开启更大， 这样，便可以使得洗涤水的流速加快，从而使限流部件对水流的压力更加敏感。
本发明所提供的 用于净化内燃机尾气的方法 的一个主要原理是使能够吸收SO2的洗涤水与内燃机尾气相互接触，从而达到净化尾气SO2的目的。
在这里，能够吸收 SO2 的洗涤水可以是任何能够至少部分地吸收SO2的液体，特别是碱性液体。对于行驶在自然水体，如淡水河流/湖泊或海水中的船舶，可以很方便地采用所处自然环境中的淡水或海水。 由于天然海水通常呈碱性， pH 值一般大于 7 ，这使得海水具有天然的酸碱缓冲能力及吸收 SO2 的能力，因此，海水用作洗涤水是一个优选的方案。
为了让洗涤水与内燃机尾气在壳体中相互接触，可以使内燃机的尾气从一壳体的尾气进气口进入，从尾气出气口排出，形成尾气流动路径；另外，可以使洗涤水从该壳体的洗涤水进水口进入，从洗涤水出水口或者 洗涤水排出通道 排出，形成洗涤水流动路径。 此处所说的尾气进气口是指任何能使流体进入壳体内部的开口。尾气进气口可以是壳体壁上的直接开口，该开口可以通过连接部件与用于输送流体的管道连通。作为一个替换实施例，壳体也可以与输送管道一体成型。作为另一替换实施例，输送管道还可以伸入壳体内部，这样，尾气进气口指的就是伸入壳体内部的管道口。洗涤水进水口、洗涤水出水口、尾气出气口也可以采用上面所说的各种变换形式。
本发明所采用的壳体可以是封闭壳体，也就是说，除了上述尾气进气口、尾气出气口、洗涤水进水口、洗涤水出水口的位置，其它部分都是密封的，进入壳体的气体或液体只能通过上述进出口出入。
为了实现吸收SO2的目的，在本发明所提供的方法和装置中，需要内燃机尾气与洗涤水相互接触，也就是使内燃机尾气的流动路径和洗涤水的流动路径相互重叠。
如果想要实现更优化的吸收SO2的效果，一个较优的实施方式是使内燃机尾气和洗涤水发生逆向接触，也就是说，尾气的流动方向和洗涤水的流动方向相反或相对，或近似相反或相对。因此，在一个优选的具体实施方式中，内燃机尾气与洗涤水逆向接触。在一个更优选的具体实施方式中，内燃机尾气从下至上通过壳体内部，洗涤水从上至下通过壳体内部，使它们逆向接触。这样做的好处是，内燃机尾气可以更充分地在壳体内部扩散，而洗涤水可以完全利用重力的作用流动，而不用施加额外的压力来维持其流动。这样，可以设置使得 洗涤水进水口在重力方向上高于洗涤水出水口 或者 洗涤水排出通道 ，以便通过洗涤水进水口进入壳体的洗涤水自上而下通过壳体内部；尾气进气口在重力方向上低于尾气出气口，以便通过尾气进气口进入壳体的尾气自下而上通过壳体内部。这样，洗涤水和尾气便可以逆向接触，从而接触得更加充分。
为了更进一步增强洗涤水和尾气的充分接触，可以想办法改善进入壳体的洗涤水在壳体中的分散程度。比如，可以设置一个或多个多孔的喷淋部件组成的布水器，均匀布置于壳体内部的上方，将洗涤水均匀喷洒到整个壳体内部，使得在壳体的横截面上能均匀布水。因此，本发明所提供的方法还包括：使进入壳体内部的洗涤水分散。本发明所提供的装置的壳体中还设置有使进入壳体的内部的洗涤水分散的部件，例如布水器。
在一个优选的具体实施方式中，可以将尾气进气口配置成位于壳体底部的洗涤水的水位之上，这样，洗涤水便不会通过尾气进气口流出。 更优选地，可以配置 尾气进气口 使得 壳体底部的洗涤水的 液面与水平面的倾斜角度即使达到 22. 5° 时，洗涤水也不会进入尾气进气口。如 限流部件为弹性材料制成的挡板，挡板上具有一端自由的偏转片，可以起到更好地将水位保持在尾气进气口之下的效果 。
在一个更优选的具体实施方式中，尾气进气口位于壳体的 侧面下部，尾气出气口位于壳体顶部，尾气出气口可以与烟囱相连直接将尾气排入大气；洗涤水进水口位于壳体侧面上部，洗涤水出水口位于侧面下部；而且，在重力方向上，洗涤水出水口低于尾气进气口。在一个最优选的具体实施方式中，尾气进气口位于壳体的底部，尾气出气口位于壳体顶部，这样尾气进气口可以直接与内燃机排气管相连，尾气出气口与烟囱相连直接将尾气排入大气。
在本发明的一个优选的具体实施方式中，本发明所提供的方法和装置的壳体还填充有相互之间能形成空隙的填料，形成填料层，这样便能使洗涤水和内燃机尾气更加充分地接触以进一步增强 SO2 的吸收效率。 在壳体中填充相互之间能形成空隙的填料使得在壳体中形成具有大量空隙的填料层。填料层使得至少在壳体内的一部分空间形成液体和气体能通过的大量的空隙，这样，洗涤水和尾气都必须分散通过填料之间的空隙，在这些空隙中，洗涤水和尾气便能充分的接触，从而达到吸收更多的硫氧化物的目的。
本发明还提供一种用于净化内燃机尾气的装置，所述装置包括壳体，所述壳体具有用于所述尾气进入的尾气进气口、用于所述尾气排出的尾气出气口、用于洗涤水进入的洗涤水进水口，用于洗涤水排出的洗涤水排出通道，其特征在于，所述洗涤水排出通道中设置有限流部件，所述限流部件具有用于所述洗涤水排出的通孔。
在本发明所提供的 用于净化内燃机尾气的方法和装置中，用一个简单的 限流部件取代原来由探测器、计算机和调速水泵构成的液位控制系统，不仅节约成本，而且可靠性大幅提高。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一种具体实施方式的 用于净化内燃机尾气的装置的示意图。
图2A和图2B是本发明另一种限流部件的示意图。
图3是本发明第二种具体实施方式的 用于净化内燃机尾气的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图 1 示出了本发明 第一种具体实施方式的 用于净化内燃机尾气的装置。如图 1 所示，该实施例中的用于内燃机尾气的净化和消音装置包括壳体 1 ，壳体 1 上设置有洗涤水进水口 4 和洗涤水出水口 5 。其中，洗涤水进水口 4 位于壳体的侧面上部，洗涤水出水口 5 位于壳体的侧面下部。在重力的作用下，从洗涤水进水口 4 进入壳体的海水自上而下通过，并通过洗涤水出水口 5 排出。
壳体还设置有尾气进气管 21 和尾气出气口 3 。其中，尾气进气管 21 伸入壳体的内部，伸入壳体内部的管口即尾气进气口 2 。尾气进气口 2 位于壳体的底部，尾气出气口 3 位于壳体的顶部。从尾气进气口 2 进入壳体的尾气在壳体内部自下而上通过，并通过尾气出气口 3 排出。
其中，洗涤水出水口 5 在重力方向上位于尾气进气口 2 的下方，以便流到或落到壳体底部的洗涤水不会通过尾气进气口 2 进入尾气进气管 21 。
壳体内还填充有相互之间能形成空隙的填料，形成填料层 6 。填料层 6 的上方设置有布水器 7 。
另外，为了防止洗涤水从尾气进气口 2 进入尾气进气管 21 ，在尾气进气口 2 和填料层 6 之间还设置有挡水板 8 。挡水板 8 位于尾气进气口 2 的正上方，在重力方向上完全挡住从上而下的液体，不使液体进入尾气进气口 2 。挡水板 8 的上平面的边缘部分低于中央部分，以便流到或落到挡水板的洗涤水进一步流到或落到壳体底部，这也进一步防止洗涤水进入尾气进气口 7 。
另外，该装置还包括洗涤水排水管51，与洗涤水出水口5连通，洗涤水排水管51与洗涤水出水口5构成洗涤水排水通道。洗涤水排水管51中设置有限流部件9，该限流部件为具有圆形通孔的挡板。经证实，圆形通孔的孔径可以按如下公式进行配置：
r =NL/H ；
其中r为通孔的半径，单位为毫米，N是修正系数为8～80，L是每小时进入壳体的水量，单位为立方米，H是壳体底部的洗涤水的液面距离壳体底部的高度，单位为mm。
作为该具体实施方式中的限流部件的变形，挡板的通孔也可以为非圆形；其孔径的大小可以被配置成其面积与上述孔径为r的圆形孔的面积相当。所述的限流部件与壳体壁的距离，最小可以为0，即设置在洗涤水出水口处；最大为排水通道横截面最大尺寸的6.5倍。洗涤水排水管51的截面积配置成为通孔截面积的1～8倍比较合适。
另外，限流部件还可以是由橡胶制成的挡板。如图2A所示，挡板具有通孔，通孔周边软板被分割成多片偏转片91，偏转片的一端固定在挡板上形成固定端92，一端形成可偏转的自由端93。 如果壳体底部的洗涤水的水位上升，对挡板具有更大的压力，偏转片在压力的作用下会发生如图 2B 所示的偏转，使挡板的孔径开启更大， 这样，便可以使得洗涤水的流速加快，从而使限流部件对水流的压力更加敏感。
图3示出了本发明第二种具体实施方式的用于净化内燃机尾气的装置。与第一种具体实施方式中的用于净化内燃机尾气的装置所不同的是，该具体实施方式的用于净化内燃机尾气的装置的尾气进气口2位于壳体1侧面下部，在重力方向上，尾气进气口2的位置比洗涤水出水口5的位置高。在这种情况下，内燃机排气通道通过尾气进气管21与壳体的侧面相连通。由于尾气从壳体的侧面进入，所以不需要挡水板。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种用于净化内燃机尾气的方法，所述方法包括：
    1）使所述内燃机排出的尾气进入一壳体内部并与用于吸收SO2的洗涤水相互接触；
    2）通过所述壳体上的洗涤水排出通道排出所述洗涤水；
    其特征在于，所述洗涤水排出通道中设置有限流部件，所述限流部件具有用于所述洗涤水排出的通孔；
    所述方法还包括：通过配置所述通孔的孔径使所述壳体底部的洗涤水的水位在所述洗涤水排出通道之上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述的用于吸收SO2的洗涤水是海水。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述限流部件为具有固定通孔的挡板。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述限流部件为孔径可调节的挡板。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述限流部件为弹性材料制成的挡板，所述挡板具有一片或多片具有自由端的偏转片。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述壳体填充有相互之间能形成空隙的填料。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述尾气与所述洗涤水逆向接触。
  8. 一种用于净化内燃机尾气的装置，所述装置包括壳体，所述壳体具有用于所述尾气进入的尾气进气口、用于所述尾气排出的尾气出气口、用于洗涤水进入的洗涤水进水口，用于洗涤水排出的洗涤水排出通道，其特征在于，所述洗涤水排出通道中设置有限流部件，所述限流部件具有用于所述洗涤水排出的通孔。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述限流部件为具有固定通孔的挡板。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述限流部件为阀门或孔径可调节的挡板。
  11. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述限流部件为弹性材料制成的挡板，所述挡板具有一片或多片具有自由端的偏转片。
  12. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述壳体填充有相互之间能形成空隙的填料。
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