WO2012169510A1 - 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012169510A1 WO2012169510A1 PCT/JP2012/064515 JP2012064515W WO2012169510A1 WO 2012169510 A1 WO2012169510 A1 WO 2012169510A1 JP 2012064515 W JP2012064515 W JP 2012064515W WO 2012169510 A1 WO2012169510 A1 WO 2012169510A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous polypropylene film excellent in the uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction and a method for producing the same.
- Polypropylene films are used in various applications such as industrial materials, packaging materials, optical materials, and electrical materials due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties. Since this porous polypropylene film is porous and porous, it has excellent properties such as permeability and low specific gravity in addition to the properties of a polypropylene film. Development into a wide range of applications such as separation membranes, clothing, moisture-permeable waterproof membranes in medical applications, reflectors for flat panel displays, and thermal transfer recording sheets is under consideration.
- Porous methods can be broadly classified into wet methods and dry methods.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have difficulty in production efficiency, such as being difficult to manufacture in a wide and large area and increasing costs.
- Patent Documents 3 to 5 can form a porous film having excellent air permeability with a wide width, a large area, and high productivity, but the width of the porous polypropylene film is also stretched in the width direction. In some cases, the thickness of the direction, the air permeability, and the uniformity of the porosity were inferior.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a porous polypropylene film excellent in uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction and a method for producing the same.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, It is a porous polypropylene film containing a polypropylene resin and having a deviation of 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction represented by the following formula (1) of less than 0.05.
- Deviation of 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (Tmax ⁇ Tmin) / Tave (1) here, Tmax: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction. Tmin: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction.
- Low temperature Tave Average temperature at all measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction Measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction: The center in the film width direction, and the position at every 30 mm toward both ends with the same center as the base point
- the manufacturing method of the porous polypropylene film of this invention has the following structure.
- a polypropylene resin is melt-extruded on a support to form a polypropylene resin sheet, and the polypropylene resin sheet is biaxially stretched and then subjected to a heat treatment to produce a porous polypropylene film, the heat treatment comprising a tension treatment and a relaxation treatment.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a 3% shrinkage temperature of 130 ° C. or more in the film width direction at each measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction.
- porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a ⁇ -crystal forming ability of the porous polypropylene film of 60% or more.
- the heat treatment temperature of the first step in the multistage heat treatment step is not less than the transverse stretching temperature and not more than the melting point Tm of the film, and the heat treatment temperature after the second step is not less than the heat treatment temperature of the immediately preceding step. It is preferable that it is below melting
- porous polypropylene film of the present invention is excellent in the uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction, for example, when used as a separator for an electricity storage device, a battery excellent in battery performance uniformity can be obtained.
- the present invention is a porous polypropylene film containing a polypropylene resin and having a deviation of 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction represented by the following formula (1) of less than 0.05.
- Deviation of 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (Tmax ⁇ Tmin) / Tave (1) here, Tmax: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction. Tmin: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction.
- Low temperature Tave Average temperature at all measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction Measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction: The center in the film width direction, and the position at every 30 mm toward both ends with the same center as the base point The above measurement is performed under the condition that the temperature is increased from 25 ° C. to 160 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 4 mm width ⁇ measured length 15 mm, film width direction (TD) load 0.15 MPa, 5 ° C./min by Thermal Mechanical Analysys (TMA). In the width direction (TD).
- the deviation of the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (TD) when the deviation of the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (TD) is 0.05 or more, heat shrinkage unevenness tends to occur in the width direction of the film roll.
- the deviation of the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (TD) is preferably less than 0.04, more preferably less than 0.03.
- the lower limit is 0.001.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention has pores that penetrate both surfaces of the film and have air permeability (hereinafter referred to as through-holes).
- the through holes are preferably formed in the film by at least uniaxial or biaxial stretching, and are preferably formed by a ⁇ crystal method from the viewpoint of achieving high productivity, uniform physical properties, and thinning.
- the ⁇ crystal forming ability of the polypropylene resin is 60% or more. If the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is within this preferable range, the amount of ⁇ -crystals is sufficient at the time of film production, so that the number of voids formed in the film using the transition to ⁇ -crystal becomes sufficient, and as a result, the permeability is improved. An excellent film is obtained.
- the upper limit of the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is not particularly limited, but it exceeds 99.9% by adding a large amount of the ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent described later or the stereoregulation of the polypropylene resin to be used.
- the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is preferably 65 to 99.9%, particularly preferably 70 to 95%.
- the ⁇ -crystal forming ability of the porous polypropylene film is preferably 60% or more.
- a polypropylene resin with a high isotactic index is used, or a ⁇ crystal is selectively formed by adding it to a polypropylene resin called a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent.
- the crystallization nucleating agent to be used is preferably used as an additive.
- the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent include various pigment compounds and amide compounds.
- amide compounds disclosed in JP-A-5-310665 can be preferably used.
- the addition amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass, based on the whole polypropylene resin.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is substantially composed of a polypropylene resin, and when the total polypropylene resin constituting the film is 100% by mass, it is 80% by mass or more of the polypropylene resin, and the thermal dimensional stability of the film. In view of the above, it is preferably 85% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the polypropylene resin constituting the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as MFR, measurement conditions: 230 ° C., 2.16 kg) in the range of 2 to 30 g / 10 min.
- MFR melt flow rate
- measurement conditions 230 ° C., 2.16 kg
- MFR melt flow rate
- the MFR is 2 g / 10 min or more
- the melt viscosity of the resin does not become too high, high-precision filtration is possible, and the high quality of the film can be maintained.
- the MFR is 30 g / 10 min or less
- the MFR is 3 to 20 g / 10 min.
- the polypropylene resin constituting the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is preferably an isotactic polypropylene resin.
- the isotactic index is preferably 90 to 99.9%.
- the resin has high crystallinity and it is easy to achieve high air permeability.
- polypropylene resin used in the present invention it is possible to use a homopolypropylene resin, as well as from the viewpoint of stability in the film-forming process, film-forming properties, and uniformity of physical properties, polypropylene with an ethylene component or butene, Resins obtained by copolymerizing ⁇ -olefin components such as hexene and octene in an amount of 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and further preferably 2.5% by mass or less can be used.
- the form of introduction of the comonomer (copolymerization component) into polypropylene may be either random copolymerization or block copolymerization.
- the above-mentioned polypropylene resin it is preferable for the above-mentioned polypropylene resin to contain a high molecular weight polypropylene, a low melting point polypropylene, a high melt tension polypropylene or the like within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention from the viewpoint of improving safety and improving film forming property.
- the high molecular weight polypropylene is a polypropylene having an MFR of 0.1 to 2 g / 10 min
- the low melting point polypropylene is a polypropylene having a melting point lower than the resin melting point 153 ° C. (for example, ethylene component, butene, hexene, octene, etc.
- High melt tension polypropylene is a mixture of a high molecular weight component or a component having a branched structure in a polypropylene resin, or copolymerization of a long-chain branched component with polypropylene. Polypropylene resin with increased tension in the molten state.
- the polypropylene resin used in the present invention is composed of 80 to 99% by mass of polypropylene and ethylene / ⁇ -olefin from the viewpoint of improving void formation efficiency during biaxial stretching, and improving air permeability by increasing the hole opening and hole diameter. It is preferable to use a mixture of 20% by mass or less of the copolymer.
- examples of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer include linear low-density polyethylene and ultra-low-density polyethylene, and among them, a copolymer polyethylene obtained by copolymerizing octene-1 and having a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C.
- a resin (copolymerized PE resin) can be preferably used.
- the copolymer polyethylene include commercially available resins such as “ENGAGE” (registered trademark) (type names: 8411, 8452, 8100, etc.) manufactured by Dow Chemical.
- the copolymerized polyethylene resin is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 10% by mass when the entire polypropylene resin constituting the film of the present invention is 100% by mass, from the viewpoint of improving air permeability. More preferably, it is 1 to 7% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- the polypropylene resin forming the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a cold xylene soluble component (CXS) of less than 2% by mass. More preferably, it is less than 1.5 mass%.
- CXS cold xylene soluble component
- the low molecular weight component is small and the mechanical properties of the porous polypropylene film are excellent.
- a method of polymerizing with a polymerization catalyst system capable of reducing CXS, a method of removing atactic polymer by providing a washing step after the polymerization reaction, or the like can be used.
- the amount of hydrotalcite in the polypropylene resin is preferably 0.01% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 0.005 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.001 mass% or less. Hydrotalcite may inhibit ⁇ -crystal formation, and if the amount of hydrotalcite is 0.01% by mass or less, the air permeability of the porous polypropylene film can be maintained high.
- the polypropylene resin forming the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has an ash content in the polypropylene resin of 0.01% by mass or less.
- the ash content is 0.01% by mass or less, the withstand voltage is high and the battery life is long when used for a separator for an electricity storage device.
- an antioxidant for the purpose of suppressing the oxidative deterioration due to the heat history of the polypropylene resin, but the amount of the antioxidant added is preferably 2% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the polypropylene resin. More preferably, it is 1 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.5 mass% or less.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a porosity of 35 to 80% from the viewpoint of achieving both ionic conductivity and safety when used as a separator.
- the porosity is 35% or more, the electrical resistance can be reduced when used as a separator.
- the porosity is 80% or less, it is excellent in safety when used in a separator for a large-capacity battery such as an electric vehicle.
- the porosity of the film is more preferably 40 to 75%, and further preferably 40 to 70%.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has an air resistance of 50 to 1,000 sec / 100 mL. More preferably, it is 80 to 600 sec / 100 mL, and still more preferably 80 to 400 sec / 100 mL.
- the air permeation resistance is 50 sec / 100 mL or more, the mechanical strength of the film is not lowered and the handling property is not lowered, and the safety is not lowered when it is used for a separator.
- the air permeation resistance is 1,000 sec / 100 mL or less, the output characteristics do not deteriorate when used for a separator.
- the heat treatment after biaxial stretching is performed under specific conditions as will be described later, so that the porous material has excellent uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction. Can be obtained.
- a polypropylene resin is melt-extruded on a support to obtain a polypropylene resin sheet, and when the polypropylene resin sheet is biaxially stretched and then subjected to a heat treatment to produce a porous polypropylene film, the heat treatment is a tension treatment.
- This multi-stage heat treatment process has a relaxation treatment in which the total relaxation rate exceeds 15% and the relaxation rate in the width direction is 5 to 15%. It is necessary to have at least two steps and that the heat treatment temperature in the multistage heat treatment step is not less than the stretching temperature and not more than the melting point Tm of the film.
- biaxial stretching is preferably performed in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction, MD) using a stretching roll or the like and then stretched in the transverse direction (width direction, TD) using a tenter or the like.
- the tenter can be divided into three processes, a preheating process, a lateral stretching process, and a heat treatment process.
- the tensioning process and the relaxation process are a set of steps for the heat treatment process. It is necessary to include a multistage heat treatment step having a plurality of the above.
- the tension treatment refers to heat treatment with a fixed length in the width direction of the film
- the relaxation treatment refers to heat treatment while reducing the length in the width direction by 1% or more.
- Each of the above steps preferably includes a relaxation process in which the relaxation rate in the width direction is 5 to 15%, and it is necessary to have at least two such steps. Furthermore, the total relaxation rate in the multi-stage heat treatment step needs to exceed 15% from the viewpoint of obtaining the uniformity effect of the thermal dimensional change in the width direction. When the total relaxation rate is 15% or less, the stress relaxation caused by stretching becomes insufficient, and the film tends to be inferior in the uniformity of the thermal dimensional change in the width direction. A more preferable total relaxation rate is 17% or more, and further preferably 20% or more. The upper limit of the total relaxation rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50%. If it exceeds 50%, the film flatness may deteriorate.
- the total relaxation rate is defined as follows.
- the distance between the tenter clips after transverse stretching is the width direction length (L 0 ), and the distance between the tenter clips after the relaxation treatment at the first step is the width direction length (L 1 ).
- the second step the third step, ...
- the n-th step is (L 2 ), (L 3 ), ...
- the heat treatment temperature in the above-described multistage heat treatment process needs to be not less than the stretching temperature and not more than the melting point Tm of the film in any step.
- the heat treatment process is one step or when the relaxation rate of each step is less than 5%, the stress relaxation caused by transverse stretching cannot be sufficiently uniformly performed in the plane, and the heat dimension in the film width direction If the uniformity of change is insufficient, or if the heat treatment process is one step and the relaxation rate exceeds 15%, the tenter outlet width becomes extremely narrow when two or more steps are applied according to the present invention. In some cases, productivity is inferior because the final product area is small.
- the multistage heat treatment process by providing two or more steps including a relaxation treatment with a relaxation rate in the width direction of 5 to 15%, partial residual stress that could not be relaxed in one step is released. And a film having a uniform thermal dimensional change in the width direction can be obtained.
- the rate at which the relaxation treatment is performed is preferably 50 to 1,000% / min.
- the relaxation rate is 50% / min or more, there is no need to slow down the film forming speed or increase the tenter length, and the productivity is excellent. If the relaxation speed is 1,000% / min or less, the speed at which the film shrinks will not be slower than the speed at which the rail width of the tenter shrinks, and the film flutters in the tenter and is not flat. It does not occur.
- the relaxation rate is more preferably 100 to 800% / min.
- the heat treatment temperature of the first step in the multistage heat treatment step is set to the transverse stretching temperature or more and the film melting point Tm or less. It is preferable that the heat treatment temperature after the second step is not less than the heat treatment temperature of the immediately preceding step and not more than the melting point Tm of the film.
- the heat treatment temperature in the first step (first step) is equal to or higher than the transverse stretching temperature, the stress relaxation in the width direction is sufficient and the thermal contraction rate can be reduced.
- the heat treatment temperature in the first step is not higher than the melting point Tm of the film
- the polymer around the hole does not melt and the air resistance is not increased.
- the heat treatment temperature after the second step is equal to or higher than the heat treatment temperature of the immediately preceding step, the residual stress that could not be relaxed at the first step is sufficiently released, and the uniformity in the width direction of the thermal dimensional change can be maintained high.
- the heat treatment temperature after the second step is not more than the melting point Tm of the film, the polymer around the hole will not melt and the air resistance will not increase.
- the difference in heat treatment temperature between the first step and the last step after the second step is preferably less than 15 ° C.
- the difference in the heat treatment temperature is 15 ° C. or more, the polymer around the pores may melt due to excessive heat during the heat treatment, and the air resistance may increase.
- the difference in heat treatment temperature between the first step and the last step after the second step is more preferably 10 ° C. or less, from the viewpoint of achieving appropriate air resistance and uniformity of thermal dimensional change. The following is more preferable.
- the heat treatment time in each step in the above-described multi-stage heat treatment process is 1 sec or more and 30 sec or less from the viewpoint of achieving uniformity of the thermal dimensional change in the width direction while having air permeability resistance suitable as a separator. More preferably, it is 5 sec or more and 30 sec or less, and further preferably 10 sec or more and 30 sec or less. If the heat treatment time in each step is 1 sec or longer, the state is not substantially unheated, and the uniformity in the width direction of the thermal dimensional change can be maintained high.
- the heat treatment time in each step is 30 seconds or less, the polymer around the pores will not melt due to excessive heat quantity and the air permeability resistance will not increase, and it is also necessary to slow down the film forming speed or increase the tenter length There is no productivity.
- the step of the multistage heat treatment process needs to be 2 steps or more, and preferably 3 steps or more.
- the upper limit of the number of steps is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set the upper limit to 5 steps from the viewpoint of obtaining an air resistance suitable for the separator because the polymer around the pores is not melted due to excessive heat treatment.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a 3% shrinkage temperature of 130 ° C. or more in the film width direction at each measurement point from the viewpoint of thermal dimensional stability.
- the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction is 130 ° C. or higher, for example, when the temperature of the battery rises when the separator is used, the separator is difficult to shrink and short-circuiting hardly occurs.
- the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction is more preferably 135 ° C. or more, and further preferably 140 ° C. or more.
- the number of steps in the multi-stage heat treatment process is 2 steps or more, the total relaxation treatment rate is over 15%, and the heat treatment time in each step is in the range of 1 to 30 seconds. It is preferable to set.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a film thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more, the film is not broken at the time of use, and when it is 50 ⁇ m or less, the volume ratio of the porous film in the electric storage device does not become too high, and a high energy density can be obtained.
- the film thickness is more preferably 7 to 30 ⁇ m, further preferably 10 to 25 ⁇ m.
- polypropylene resin 99.6% by mass of a commercially available homopolypropylene resin is added to 0.3% by mass of N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide, which is a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, and an antioxidant is 0%.
- the raw material is supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that 1% by mass is mixed at this ratio, melt kneaded at 300 ° C., discharged from the die in a strand shape, and cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank. Then, it is cut into chips to produce a polypropylene composition (I).
- the cast drum for obtaining the unstretched sheet preferably has a surface temperature of 105 to 130 ° C. from the viewpoint of controlling the ⁇ crystal fraction in the unstretched sheet to be high.
- the end portion is sprayed with spot air to be in close contact with the drum. Further, air may be blown over the entire surface using an air knife as necessary based on the state of close contact of the entire sheet on the drum. Moreover, you may laminate by coextrusion using a some extruder and pinol.
- the obtained unstretched sheet is biaxially stretched to form pores (through holes) in the film.
- a biaxial stretching method use a sequential biaxial stretching method in which the film is stretched in the width direction after stretching in the film longitudinal direction, or a simultaneous biaxial stretching method in which the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the film are stretched almost simultaneously.
- the sequential biaxial stretching method it is preferable to apply the sequential biaxial stretching method in that it is easy to obtain a highly permeable film.
- the heat treatment process is performed in a state of tension gripping after stretching, but any step in the multistage heat treatment in which the tension process and the relaxation process are performed as one step.
- an unstretched sheet is controlled to a temperature at which it can be stretched in the longitudinal direction.
- a temperature control method a method using a temperature-controlled rotating roll, a method using a hot air oven, or the like can be adopted.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction it is preferable to employ a temperature of 110 to 140 ° C., more preferably 120 to 135 ° C., and particularly preferably 123 to 130 ° C. from the viewpoint of film characteristics and uniformity.
- the draw ratio is 4 to 6 times, more preferably 4.5 to 5.8 times. Further, the higher the stretching ratio, the higher the porosity. However, when the film is stretched within the above preferred range, the film is hardly broken in the next lateral stretching step.
- the uniaxially stretched polypropylene film is introduced into the tenter-type stretching machine by gripping the end of the film. Then, it is preferably heated to 130 to 155 ° C., more preferably 145 to 153 ° C., and stretched 4 to 12 times, more preferably 6 to 11 times, and further preferably 6.5 to 10 times in the width direction.
- the transverse stretching speed at this time is preferably 500 to 6,000% / min, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000% / min.
- the above-described multistage heat treatment is performed.
- the operating conditions are set in the range of the number of steps, relaxation rate, and heat treatment time.
- a film having excellent flatness can be obtained by performing a tension treatment for 1 to 30 seconds at a temperature equal to or higher than the heat treatment temperature of the final step and not higher than the melting point Tm of the film while maintaining the distance between clips after the multistage heat treatment step.
- the film after the heat treatment process is removed by slitting the ears gripped by the tenter clip, and wound around the core with a winder to form a film roll.
- This film roll may be re-slit to a desired width and length.
- the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is excellent in uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction, and is suitable from the viewpoint of excellent uniformity in battery performance when used as a separator for an electricity storage device.
- the electricity storage device include a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery, and an electric double layer capacitor such as a lithium ion capacitor. Since such an electricity storage device can be repeatedly used by charging and discharging, it can be used as a power supply device for industrial devices, household equipment, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and the like.
- an electricity storage device using a separator using the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is excellent in output characteristics, and therefore can be suitably used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for an electric vehicle.
- the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal is 158 ° C. or higher.
- the melting of the ⁇ crystal is the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal, the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal is taken as the melting peak of the base, and the area of the region surrounded by the peak drawn from the flat portion on the high temperature side.
- the value calculated by the following formula is ⁇ crystal forming ability.
- the calibration of the heat of fusion was performed using indium.
- ⁇ crystal forming ability (%) [ ⁇ H ⁇ / ( ⁇ H ⁇ + ⁇ H ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- the ⁇ crystal fraction in the state of the sample can be calculated by similarly calculating the existence ratio of the ⁇ crystal from the melting peak observed in the first run.
- Film melting point (Tm) The porous polypropylene film was measured by the same method as the method for measuring the ⁇ crystal forming ability, and the melting peak temperature of 158 ° C. or higher observed in the first run was defined as the film melting point (Tm).
- Deviation of the 3% shrinkage temperature in the film width direction (Tmax ⁇ Tmin) / Tave here, Tmax: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction. Tmin: The highest temperature among the temperatures showing the shrinkage of 3% in the measurement point of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction.
- Low temperature Tave Average temperature at all measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction Measurement points of the shrinkage curve in the film width direction: the center in the film width direction, and the position (30 mm) toward the both ends from the same center )
- Air permeability resistance A square having a size of 100 mm x 100 mm was cut out from a porous polypropylene film and used as a sample. Using a JIS P 8117 (1998) type B Gurley tester, the permeation time of 100 mL of air was measured at 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The measurement was performed three times by changing the sample at the center of the film, and the average value of the permeation time was defined as the air permeability of the film.
- Example 1 As a polypropylene resin, 99.45% by mass of homopolypropylene FLX80E4 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide as a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent (manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd.
- multi-stage heat treatment was performed. Specifically, in the first step, after the tension treatment at 150 ° C. for 3 seconds while maintaining the distance between the clips after stretching, a relaxation treatment is performed for 3 seconds at a relaxation rate of 10%, and then in the second step, one step. While maintaining the distance between clips after eye heat treatment, after tensing treatment at 155 ° C. for 3 seconds, relaxation treatment is performed for 3 seconds at a relaxation rate of 10%, and in the third step, the distance between clips after the second heat treatment is set. After maintaining the tension at 158 ° C. for 3 seconds, the tension was applied for 3 seconds at a relaxation rate of 10%. Finally, the tension was applied at 158 ° C. for 3 seconds while maintaining the distance between the clips after relaxation. The relaxation process in each step was performed at a rate of 120% / min.
- Example 1 The film forming conditions and film characteristics are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 and 3 A porous polypropylene film having a width of 600 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wound around a core by 500 m in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the multistage heat treatment conditions in the heat treatment step were changed to the conditions shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 The width is 600 mm in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the heat treatment process is only one step, the treatment temperature, the treatment time, and the tension treatment conditions after treatment are as shown in Table 1 and the relaxation treatment speed is 240% / min.
- a porous polypropylene film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wound around the core by 500 m.
- Example 3 A porous polypropylene film having a width of 600 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wound on a core by 500 m in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the multistage heat treatment conditions in the heat treatment step were changed to the conditions shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 69.75% by mass of homopolypropylene FLX80E4 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- ENGAGE (registered trademark) manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.) 8411, melt index: 18 g / 10 min) is added to 30% by mass, and further, “IRGANOX” (registered trademark) 1010 and “IRGAFOS” (registered trademark) 168 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd. are used as antioxidants.
- the raw material is supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that 0.15% by mass and 0.1% by mass are mixed at this ratio, melt kneaded at 240 ° C., and discharged from the die in a strand shape.
- Example 5 The conditions of the biaxial stretching and heat treatment steps were the same as in Example 1, and a porous polypropylene film having a width of 600 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wound around the core by 500 m.
- Example 5 A film stretched in the longitudinal direction in the same manner as in Example 1 was introduced into a tenter-type stretching machine by gripping the end with a clip, and it was 6.5 times at 150 ° C. and a width at a stretching speed of 1,600% / min. Stretched in the direction. The distance between the clips in the width direction at the entrance of the tenter was 150 mm, and the distance between the clips after transverse stretching with the tenter (L 0 ) was 975 mm.
- multi-stage heat treatment was performed. Specifically, in the first step, after the tension treatment at 150 ° C. for 10 seconds while maintaining the distance between the clips after stretching, a relaxation treatment is performed for 10 seconds at a relaxation rate of 10%, and then in the second step, one step. Tension treatment at 155 ° C. for 10 seconds while maintaining the distance between clips after eye heat treatment, relaxation treatment for 10 seconds was performed at a relaxation rate of 10%, and finally, the distance between clips after the second step heat treatment was maintained. Tensile treatment was performed at 155 ° C. for 10 seconds. The relaxation process in each step was performed at a rate of 60% / min.
- Example 6 The film stretched in the longitudinal direction in the same manner as in Example 1 was introduced into a tenter-type stretching machine by gripping the ends with clips, and the film was stretched 6.5 times at 150 ° C. and the width at a stretching speed of 2,650% / min. Stretched in the direction. The distance between the clips in the width direction at the entrance of the tenter was 150 mm, and the distance between the clips after transverse stretching with the tenter (L 0 ) was 975 mm.
- the relaxation treatment is performed for 6 seconds at a relaxation rate of 10%
- the tension treatment was performed at 155 ° C. for 6 seconds
- the relaxation treatment was performed at a relaxation rate of 10% for 6 seconds.
- the distance between the clips after the second step heat treatment was maintained.
- Tension treatment was performed at 155 ° C. for 6 seconds.
- the relaxation process in each step was performed at a rate of 100% / min.
- Example 7 and 8 and Comparative Example 4 The same procedure as in Example 5 except that the temperature of the tension treatment performed while maintaining the distance between the clips after the first step, the second step, and finally the second step heat treatment of the multi-step heat treatment was the conditions shown in Table 1.
- a porous polypropylene film having a width of 600 mm and a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was wound around the core by 500 m.
- Example 5 The film forming conditions and film characteristics are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 3 except that the conditions of the tension treatment performed while maintaining the distance between the clips after the first step, the second step, and finally the second step heat treatment of the multi-step heat treatment were the conditions shown in Table 1.
- the battery performance is uniform and suitable as a separator for an electricity storage device. It is thought that it can be used for.
- the uniformity of the thermal dimensional change in the film width direction was insufficient.
- the porous propylene film of the present invention is a porous polypropylene film excellent in the uniformity of thermal dimensional change in the film width direction, and is preferable because it has excellent battery performance uniformity when used, for example, as a separator for an electricity storage device. Can be used.
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Abstract
Description
ポリプロピレン樹脂を含み、下記式(1)で示されるフィルム幅方向の3%収縮温度の偏差が0.05未満である多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、である。
ここで、
Tmax:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も高い温度
Tmin:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も低い温度
Tave:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の全測定点における平均温度
フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点:フィルム幅方向の中央、および、同中央を基点として両端へ向かって30mm毎の位置
また、本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法は次の構成を有する。すなわち、
ポリプロピレン樹脂を支持体上に溶融押出してポリプロピレン樹脂シートとし、このポリプロピレン樹脂シートを二軸延伸した後に熱処理を施して多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを製造する方法であって、前記熱処理は緊張処理と弛緩処理とを1組とするステップを複数有する多段熱処理工程を含み、この多段熱処理工程はトータルの弛緩率が15%を超えるとともに、幅方向の弛緩率が5~15%である弛緩処理を有するステップを少なくとも2ステップ有し、かつ多段熱処理工程における熱処理温度が延伸温度以上フィルムの融点Tm以下である多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法、である。
ここで、
Tmax:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も高い温度
Tmin:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も低い温度
Tave:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の全測定点における平均温度
フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点:フィルム幅方向の中央、および、同中央を基点として両端へ向かって30mm毎の位置
なお、上記の測定は、Thermal Mechanical Analysys(TMA)にて幅4mm×測定長15mm、フィルム幅方向(TD)荷重0.15MPa、5℃/minの昇温速度で25℃から160℃まで昇温させる条件で幅方向(TD)に行う。
本発明の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムとは実質的にポリプロピレン樹脂からなり、フィルムを構成するポリプロピレン樹脂全体を100質量%としたときに、80質量%以上がポリプロピレン樹脂であることがフィルムの熱寸法安定性の観点から好ましく、より好ましくは85質量%以上、さらに好ましくは90質量%以上である。
式(1):
1ステップ目の弛緩率(Rx1)={(L0)-(L1)}/(L0)
2ステップ目の弛緩率(Rx2)={(L1)-(L2)}/(L0)
3ステップ目の弛緩率(Rx3)={(L2)-(L3)}/(L0)
nステップ目の弛緩率(Rxn)={(Ln-1)-(Ln)}/(L0)
ステップ数がn回のトータル弛緩率は次式(2)より表される。
(1)β晶形成能
ポリプロピレン組成物または多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム5mgを試料としてアルミニウム製のパンに採取し、示差走査熱量計(セイコーインスツル(株)製RDC220)を用いて測定した。まず、窒素雰囲気下で室温から260℃まで10℃/minで昇温(first run)し、10min間保持した後、20℃まで10℃/minで冷却する。5min保持後、再度10℃/minで昇温(second run)した際に観測される融解ピークにについて、145~157℃の温度領域にピークが存在する融解をβ晶の融解ピーク、158℃以上にピークが観察される融解をα晶の融解ピークとして、高温側の平坦部を基準に引いたベースラインとピークに囲まれる領域の面積から、それぞれの融解熱量を求め、α晶の融解熱量をΔHα、β晶の融解熱量をΔHβとしたとき、以下の式で計算される値をβ晶形成能とする。
なお、first runで観察される融解ピークから同様にβ晶の存在比率を算出することで、その試料の状態でのβ晶分率を算出することができる。
(2)フィルム融点(Tm)
上記β晶形成能の測定方法と同様の方法で多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを測定し、first runで観測される158℃以上の融解ピーク温度をフィルム融点(Tm)とした。
(3)3%収縮温度
フィルム幅方向の中央位置、および同位置を基点に両端へ向けてそれぞれ30mm毎の位置について、セイコーインスツル(株)製Thermal Mechanical Analysys;TMA/SS6000を用い、下記温度プログラムにてフィルム幅方向(TD)一定荷重下におけるフィルム幅方向の収縮曲線を求めた。測定方向はフィルム幅方向(TD)とした。
荷重 0.15MPa
サンプルサイズ サンプル長(測定長)15mm×幅4mm
また、フィルム幅方向の3%収縮時点温度の偏差は下記式より算出した
フィルム幅方向の3%収縮時点温度の偏差=(Tmax-Tmin)/Tave
ここで、
Tmax:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も高い温度
Tmin:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も低い温度
Tave:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の全測定点における平均温度
フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点:フィルム幅方向の中央、および、同中央を基点として両端へ向かって30mm毎の位置
(4)透気抵抗
多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムから100mm×100mmの大きさの正方形を切取り試料とした。JIS P 8117 (1998)のB形ガーレー試験器を用いて、23℃、相対湿度65%にて、100mLの空気の透過時間の測定を行った。測定はフィルム中央部について試料を替えて3回行い、透過時間の平均値をそのフィルムの透気性とした。なお、フィルムに貫通孔が形成されていることは、この透気性の値が有限値であることをもって確認できる。
(実施例1)
ポリプロピレン樹脂として、住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を99.45質量%、β晶核剤であるN,N’-ジシクロヘキシル-2,6-ナフタレンジカルボキシアミド(新日本理化(株)製 Nu-100、以下、単にβ晶核剤と表記)を0.3質量%、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ(株)製“IRGANOX”(登録商標)1010、“IRGAFOS”(登録商標)168を各々0.15質量%、0.1質量%を、この比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、300℃で溶融混練を行い、ストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(A)とした。
(実施例2、3)
熱処理工程での多段熱処理条件を表1に示した条件とした以外は実施例1と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
(比較例1および2)
熱処理工程を1ステップのみとして処理温度、処理時間および処理後の緊張処理の条件を表1に示した通りとし、また弛緩処理速度240%/minとした以外は実施例3と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
(比較例3)
熱処理工程での多段熱処理条件を表1に示した条件とした以外は実施例3と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
(実施例4)
ポリプロピレン樹脂として、住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を69.75質量%に、共重合PE樹脂としてエチレン-オクテン-1共重合体(ダウ・ケミカル社製“ENGAGE(エンゲージ)”(登録商標)8411、メルトインデックス:18g/10min)を30質量%に加えて、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ(株)製 “IRGANOX”(登録商標)1010、“IRGAFOS”(登録商標)168を各々0.15質量%、0.1質量%がこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、240℃で溶融混練を行い、ストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(B)を得た。次いで実施例1で作製したポリプロピレン組成物(A)90質量%とポリプロピレン組成物(B)10質量%をドライブレンドして単軸の溶融押出機に供給し、220℃で溶融押出を行い、20μmカットの焼結フィルターで異物を除去後、Tダイから120℃に表面温度を制御したキャストドラムに吐出し、ドラムに15sec間接するようにキャストして未延伸シートを得た。二軸延伸および熱処理工程の条件は実施例1と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
(実施例5)
実施例1と同様にして長手方向に延伸したフィルムを、テンター式延伸機に端部をクリップで把持させて導入し、150℃で6.5倍に、延伸速度1,600%/minで幅方向へ延伸した。なお、テンター入り口の幅方向クリップ間距離は150mm、テンターでの横延伸後のクリップ間距離(L0)は975mmであった。
(実施例6)
実施例1と同様にして長手方向に延伸したフィルムを、テンター式延伸機に端部をクリップで把持させて導入し、150℃で6.5倍に、延伸速度2,650%/minで幅方向へ延伸した。なお、テンター入り口の幅方向クリップ間距離は150mm、テンターでの横延伸後のクリップ間距離(L0)は975mmであった。
(実施例7、8および比較例4)
多段熱処理の1ステップ目、2ステップ目、最後に2ステップ目熱処理後のクリップ間距離に保ったまま行う緊張処理の各温度を表1に示した条件とした以外は、実施例5と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
(比較例5)
多段熱処理の1ステップ目、2ステップ目、最後に2ステップ目熱処理後のクリップ間距離に保ったまま行う緊張処理の各温度を表1に示した条件とした以外は、実施例3と同様にして幅600mm、厚み25μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムをコアに500m巻き取った。
Claims (5)
- ポリプロピレン樹脂を含み、下記式(1)で示されるフィルム幅方向の3%収縮温度の偏差が0.05未満である多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
フィルム幅方向の3%収縮温度の偏差=(Tmax-Tmin)/Tave・・・(1)
ここで、
Tmax:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も高い温度
Tmin:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点中、3%の収縮を示す温度のうち、最も低い温度
Tave:フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の全測定点における平均温度
フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の測定点:フィルム幅方向の中央、および、同中央を基点として両端へ向かって30mm毎の位置 - フィルム幅方向の収縮曲線の各測定点におけるフィルム幅方向の3%収縮温度がいずれも130℃以上である、請求項1に記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムのβ晶形成能が60%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- ポリプロピレン樹脂を支持体上に溶融押出してポリプロピレン樹脂シートとし、このポリプロピレン樹脂シートを二軸延伸した後に熱処理を施して多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを製造する方法であって、前記熱処理は緊張処理と弛緩処理とを1組とするステップを複数有する多段熱処理工程を含み、この多段熱処理工程はトータルの弛緩率が15%を超えるとともに、幅方向の弛緩率が5~15%である弛緩処理を有するステップを少なくとも2ステップ有し、かつ多段熱処理工程における熱処理温度が延伸温度以上フィルムの融点Tm以下である多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法。
- 多段熱処理工程における最初のステップの熱処理温度が横延伸温度以上フィルムの融点Tm以下であり、2ステップ目以降の熱処理温度が直前のステップの熱処理温度以上フィルムの融点Tm以下である、請求項4に記載の多孔性プロピレンフィルムの製造方法。
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JP2003003008A (ja) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-01-08 | Tonen Chem Corp | 熱可塑性樹脂微多孔膜の製造方法 |
JP2008248231A (ja) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-10-16 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム |
JP2010538097A (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-12-09 | 東燃化学株式会社 | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜、その製造方法、電池用セパレータ及び電池 |
JP2011076851A (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | 微多孔性フィルム及びその製造方法、並びに電池用セパレータ |
JP2012072380A (ja) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-04-12 | Toray Ind Inc | 多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス |
JP2012072263A (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-12 | Asahi Kasei E-Materials Corp | ポリオレフィン製微多孔膜 |
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CN103502335B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
JPWO2012169510A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
JP5924263B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20140048147A (ko) | 2014-04-23 |
CN103502335A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
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