WO2012161180A1 - 複層導電性フィルム、これを用いた集電体、電池および双極型電池 - Google Patents
複層導電性フィルム、これを用いた集電体、電池および双極型電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012161180A1 WO2012161180A1 PCT/JP2012/063020 JP2012063020W WO2012161180A1 WO 2012161180 A1 WO2012161180 A1 WO 2012161180A1 JP 2012063020 W JP2012063020 W JP 2012063020W WO 2012161180 A1 WO2012161180 A1 WO 2012161180A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer conductive film, a current collector using the same, a battery and a bipolar battery.
- connection In order to apply to a power supply of a vehicle, it is necessary to use a plurality of lithium ion batteries connected in series in order to secure a large output.
- the connection portion when the battery is connected through the connection portion, there is a problem that the output is reduced due to the electric resistance of the connection portion.
- the connection is a disadvantage of space and weight of the battery.
- a bipolar battery has been developed in which a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are disposed on both sides of a current collector.
- the current collector which is one of the members in contact with the negative electrode, is required to have stability and electrical conductivity in the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode active material and lithium ion. In addition, since the performance as a battery is deteriorated when the electrolytic solution component comes out of the system, it is necessary that the current collector does not transmit the component contained in the electrolytic solution.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a metal foil is used as a current collector, and Patent Documents 2 and 3 reduce the weight of the current collector by including a polymer material in the current collector, and the weight of the battery can be reduced. It is disclosed to improve the power density.
- the surface on which the positive electrode active material layer of the current collector is formed is required to be stable against the equilibrium potential environment of the positive electrode active material and lithium ions.
- the negative electrode active material layer-forming surface is required to be stable against the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode active material and lithium ions.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 Although the weight of the battery is light and the output density can be expected to be improved, the stability of both the positive electrode and the negative electrode against the equilibrium potential environment is insufficient. It was short and needed improvement.
- polyethylene or polypropylene is used as the polymer material, the polymer material permeates the solvent of the electrolytic solution. Therefore, in the charged state, solvated lithium ions move through the current collector, and there is a disadvantage that the charged state can not be maintained for a long time.
- Patent Document 4 a conductive resin film containing a cyclic olefin resin and a conductive filler is considered as a current collector of an electric double layer capacitor.
- the stability with respect to the equilibrium potential environment of a positive electrode is inadequate.
- JP 2004-95400 A JP, 2006-190649, A Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2010-251197 WO 99/2585
- the object of the present invention is to have stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode and stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the positive electrode, and low electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction (low electrical resistance)
- An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer conductive film having excellent solvent blocking properties. Further, the object of the present invention is to stabilize the negative electrode at equilibrium potential environment, low electric resistance, solvent blocking property of the electrolyte, stability of the positive electrode at equilibrium potential environment, and further, components (ions) contained in the electrolyte.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer conductive film excellent in barrier properties.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer conductive layer having excellent stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode, low electrical resistance, solvent-blocking properties of the electrolyte, stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the positive electrode, and also interlayer adhesion. Providing a sexing film.
- the present invention includes a layer 1 made of a polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure and a conductive material containing conductive particles 1, and a layer 2 made of a material having durability at a positive electrode potential. It relates to a layer conductive film.
- the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure preferably has a structural unit derived from cycloolefin in its main chain.
- the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure preferably has an alicyclic structure of a fused ring structure.
- the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure is preferably a norbornene polymer and / or a hydrogenated substance thereof.
- the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure is a ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, a hydrogenated product of a ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, and a norbornene-based monomer It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a polymer and an addition copolymer of a norbornene monomer and a vinyl monomer.
- the conductive particles 1 are preferably carbon-based conductive particles or conductive particles containing a metal element, and the conductive particles 1 are conductive particles containing a metal element It is more preferable that
- the metal element is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum, gold, silver, copper, nickel and titanium.
- the conductive material includes conductive particles 1 and polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure, in weight ratio, conductive particle 1: polymer having an alicyclic structure It is preferable to contain material 1 in the range of 1:99 to 99: 1.
- the conductive material preferably includes insulating plate-like inorganic particles.
- the insulating plate-like inorganic particles preferably have a plate shape having an aspect ratio of 5 or more.
- the content of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles is preferably 1 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure.
- the material having durability at the positive electrode potential is preferably a conductive material containing the polymer material 2 having durability at the positive electrode potential and the conductive particles 2.
- the polymer material 2 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an aromatic polyimide, a polyamideimide, and a polyamide.
- the conductive particles 2 are preferably carbon-based conductive particles.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention preferably has an electric resistance per unit area in the thickness direction of 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the current collector of the present invention comprises the multilayer conductive film of the present invention.
- the battery of the present invention comprises the current collector of the present invention.
- the battery of the present invention is preferably a bipolar battery.
- the bipolar battery of the present invention comprises the multilayer conductive film of the present invention, a negative electrode active material layer electrically connected to the surface on one side of the multilayer conductive film, and the other side of the multilayer conductive film.
- the positive electrode active material layer is in contact with the layer 2 of the multilayer conductive film.
- the positive electrode active material contains a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal
- the negative electrode active material contains a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal and / or carbon
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention has stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode and stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the positive electrode, and has a low electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, and an electrolyte. Excellent in the blocking properties of solvents.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention as a current collector, it is possible to obtain a battery having both weight reduction and durability.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention in which the conductive particle 1 is a conductive particle containing a metal element is excellent in the blocking property of the component contained in the electrolytic solution.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention in which the conductive material contains insulating plate-like inorganic particles is excellent in interlayer adhesion in addition to the above.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention is a layer comprising a polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure and a conductive material containing conductive particles 1 (hereinafter may be referred to as "conductive material 1"). 1 and a layer 2 made of a material having durability at the positive electrode potential.
- the conductive material 1 constituting the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film of the present invention has durability to the negative electrode potential by containing the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure and the conductive particles 1. And it has the effect which is excellent in the blocking property of the solvent of electrolyte solution.
- having durability at the negative electrode potential means having durability to the equilibrium potential environment with the lithium ion of the negative electrode active material. Specifically, decomposition of the material does not occur in an environment of +0 V to +2 V with respect to the equilibrium potential of metal lithium and lithium ion.
- the durability of the negative electrode potential can be measured by an electrochemical method. Specifically, when an electrochemical cell is used, the counter electrode is lithium metal, the working electrode is the multilayer conductive film of the present invention, and a constant current flows from the working electrode to the counter electrode, the working electrode and the counter electrode are generated within a fixed time. When the potential difference reaches a desired potential difference between +0 V and +2 V, it can be judged that the durability is excellent. If it does not reach, decomposition etc. have occurred and it can be judged that there is no durability. In addition, if there is no durability of the negative electrode potential, when applied to a battery, the multilayer conductive film is deteriorated by charging and the battery life is shortened, which is not preferable.
- the blocking property of the solvent of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, for example, one side of the single layer film of layer 1 is brought into contact with the solvent of the electrolytic solution used for the lithium ion battery (for example, carbonate solvent etc.) It can also be evaluated by measuring the permeation amount of the solvent of the electrolyte in a fixed time in a state where the other side is in contact with the dry air. Specifically, when the film area in contact with the carbonate solvent is 16.6 cm 2 , the solvent permeation amount after 2 weeks at 25 ° C.
- the solvent blocking property of the electrolytic solution is excellent, when applied to a bipolar battery, the side effect caused by the transfer of solvated ions to a layer other than the layer 1 via the layer 1 can be suppressed. It is possible to reduce the loss of electricity due to charge and discharge.
- the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure used in the layer 1 of the present invention will be described.
- Alicyclic structures are divided into single ring structures and fused ring structures.
- a fused ring structure is a cyclic structure in which each ring shares two or more atoms in two or more cyclic structures.
- a fused ring structure is preferred from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and solvent blocking property of the electrolytic solution.
- the alicyclic structure can be divided into a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkane) structure, an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon (cycloalkene, cycloalkyne) structure and the like from the form of a bond between carbon atoms.
- cycloalkane saturated cyclic hydrocarbon
- cycloalkene unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon
- cycloalkyne unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon
- a cycloalkane structure or a cycloalkene structure is preferable, and among these, a cycloalkane structure is more preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the alicyclic structure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4 to 30, more preferably 5 to 20, and still more preferably 5 to 15. When in this range, the balance of mechanical strength, heat resistance, and film formability properties is good.
- the alicyclic structure may be in the main chain or in the side chain, but from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, heat resistance, etc., the alicyclic structure is preferably in the main chain, and is derived from cycloolefin It is more preferable to have a structural unit in the main chain.
- the content ratio of repeating units (structural units derived from a monomer having an alicyclic structure) containing an alicyclic structure is preferably 50% by weight or more, Preferably it is 70 weight% or more. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the barrier property of the solvent of the electrolytic solution and the heat resistance that the ratio of the repeating unit containing the alicyclic structure in the polymer material having the alicyclic structure is in this range.
- the structure of the remainder other than the repeating unit having an alicyclic structure in the polymer material having an alicyclic structure is not particularly limited, but a saturated hydrocarbon structure is preferred from the viewpoint of durability of the negative electrode potential and heat resistance. .
- polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure examples include (1) norbornene-based polymer, (2) monocyclic cyclic olefin-based polymer, (3) cyclic conjugated diene-based polymer, and (4) vinyl Examples thereof include alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers, and hydrogenated products of polymers (1) to (4).
- Norbornene-Based Polymers As norbornene-based polymers, ring-opened polymers of norbornene-based monomers, ring-opened copolymers of norbornene-based monomers and other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization, norbornene-based monomers Hydrogenated product of ring-opening polymer, Hydrogenated product of ring-opening copolymer of norbornene-based monomer and this and other monomers capable of ring-opening copolymerization, Addition polymer of norbornene-based monomer, norbornene-based monomer and this Addition copolymers with other copolymerizable monomers may, for example, be mentioned.
- the hydrogenated product of the ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, and the hydrogenated product of a ring-opened copolymer of the norbornene-based monomer and another monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization are 99 Since it is excellent in long-term stability, durability of a negative electrode potential, etc. as it is% or more, it is preferable.
- norbornene-based monomer bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene (common name: norbornene), tricyclo [4.3.01,12,5] deca-3,7-diene (common name) : Dicyclopentadiene), 7,8-benzotricyclo [4.3.0.12,5] dec-3-ene (conventional name: methanotetrahydrofluorene; 1,4-methano-1,4,4a, 9a Alicyclic compounds such as tetracyclo [4.4.0.12,5.17,10] dodec-3-ene (common name: tetracyclododecene) and substituents thereof (alkyls) And those having a group, an alkylene group, an alkylidene group, an alkoxycarbonyl group etc.). These norbornene monomers are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ring-opening polymer of the norbornene-based monomer, or the ring-opening copolymer of the norbornene-based monomer and another monomer capable of ring-opening copolymerization polymerizes the monomer component in the presence of a ring-opening polymerization catalyst You can get it.
- a ring-opening polymerization catalyst for example, a catalyst comprising a halide of metal such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and the like, a nitrate or an acetylacetone compound, and a reducing agent, or titanium, vanadium, zirconium, tungsten
- a catalyst comprising a halide of a metal such as molybdenum or an acetylacetone compound and an organoaluminum compound can be used.
- the polymerization reaction is carried out in a solvent or without solvent, usually at a polymerization temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- Examples of other monomers that can be ring-opened and copolymerized with norbornene-based monomers include, but are not limited to, monocyclic cyclic olefin-based monomers such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene.
- the hydrogenated product of the ring-opening polymer of a norbornene-based monomer can be generally obtained by adding a hydrogenation catalyst to the polymerization solution of the above-mentioned ring-opening polymer and hydrogenating a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- the hydrogenation catalyst is not particularly limited, but usually, heterogeneous catalysts or homogeneous catalysts are used.
- Norbornene-based monomers, or addition (co) polymers of norbornene-based monomers and other monomers copolymerizable therewith for example, monomer components in a solvent or without a solvent, titanium, zirconium or vanadium compounds and organoaluminum It can be obtained by (co) polymerization, usually in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound, at a polymerization temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. and a polymerization pressure of 0 to 5 MPa.
- Other monomers copolymerizable with the norbornene-based monomer include, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3- Ethyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-hexene, 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexene, 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4-ethyl-1-hexene, Vinyl monomers having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as 3-ethyl-1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene; cyclobutene , Cyclopentene, cyclohexene, 3,4-dimethylcyclopentene, 3-methylcyclohexene, 2- (2-methyl
- the ratio of the structural unit derived from the norbornene-based monomer in the addition copolymer to the structural unit derived from the other monomer copolymerizable is suitably selected so that the weight ratio is usually in the range of 30:70 to 99: 1, preferably 50:50 to 97: 3, more preferably 70:30 to 95: 5.
- the ratio is in the above range, the solvent barrier properties and mechanical strength of the electrolytic solution are excellent.
- norbornene-based polymers obtained by ring-opening polymerization norbornene-based monomers such as ZEONEX (registered trademark; manufactured by Nippon Zeon), ZEONOR (registered trademark; manufactured by Nippon Zeon), ARTON (registered trademark; manufactured by JSR), etc. Ring-opened polymer hydrides of Moreover, as an addition polymer, the addition copolymer of norbornene type monomers, such as APEL (trademark; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and TOPAS (trademark; Polyplastics company), and ethylene is mentioned.
- APEL trademark; Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- TOPAS trademark; Polyplastics company
- Monocyclic cyclic olefin-based polymer for example, an addition polymer of a monocyclic cyclic olefin-based monomer such as cyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene can be used. .
- Cyclic conjugated diene polymer for example, a polymer obtained by 1,2- or 1,4-addition polymerization of cyclic conjugated diene monomers such as cyclopentadiene and cyclohexadiene, and The hydrogen additive can be used.
- Vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer for example, a polymer of a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon monomer such as vinylcyclohexene and vinylcyclohexane and a hydrogenated product thereof; Hydrogenated products of aromatic ring part of polymer of vinyl aromatic monomer such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer and vinyl aromatic monomer; Any of random copolymers, copolymers such as block copolymers, and hydrogenated products thereof may be used.
- a block copolymer a diblock, a triblock, or more multiblock, a gradient block copolymer, etc. are mentioned, There is no restriction
- a norbornene-based polymer and / or a hydrogenated product thereof is preferable for the polymer material 1, and a ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer, a hydrogenation of a ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer It is more preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of: an addition polymer of a norbornene-based monomer and an addition copolymer of a norbornene-based monomer and a vinyl-based monomer.
- a ring-opened polymer of a norbornene-based monomer (registered trademark: ZEONEX, ZEONOR, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) having no polar group is particularly preferable in view of durability and long-term stability of the negative electrode potential.
- the molecular weight of the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure is appropriately selected, but it is polyisoprene or polystyrene conversion measured by gel permeation chromatography of a cyclohexane solution (toluene solution when the polymer resin is not dissolved)
- the weight average molecular weight Mw is usually in the range of 5,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 8,000 to 800,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 500,000. When it is in this range, the mechanical strength and moldability of the molded body are well balanced.
- the electroconductive particle 1 used for the layer 1 of this invention is demonstrated.
- the conductive particles refer to particulate solids having electron conductivity.
- the conductive particles 1 are preferably made of a material that can withstand the negative electrode potential to be applied, and are preferably SUS particles, carbon-based conductive particles, silver particles, gold particles, copper particles, titanium particles, alloy particles, and the like.
- the carbon-based conductive particles have a very wide potential window, are stable in a wide range with respect to both the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential, and are further excellent in conductivity. Also, because the carbon-based conductive particles are very light, the increase in mass is minimized. Furthermore, since carbon-based conductive particles are often used as conductive aids for electrodes, even if they are in contact with a conductive aid, contact resistance becomes very low because they are the same material. Specific examples of the carbon-based conductive particles include carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and the like.
- the surface of the carbon-based conductive particles is subjected to a hydrophobic treatment to reduce the compatibility of the electrolyte and the electrolyte is less likely to permeate into the pores of the current collector. It is also possible to make
- the polymer material When the polymer material is used for the current collector in contact with the negative electrode, the polymer material is required to have a stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode and a solvent blocking property of the electrolyte to prevent leakage of the electrolyte component.
- the battery performance tended to gradually deteriorate. Therefore, as a result of further investigations, it was discovered that lithium ions in the electrolyte permeated the carbon particles, and a polymer material compatible with the stability of the negative electrode against the equilibrium potential environment and the solvent blocking property of the electrolyte was used.
- the battery performance can be further improved by improving the blocking properties of the components (ions) in the electrolytic solution. Based on this finding, repeated investigations are carried out, using a polymer material excellent in the stability of the negative electrode against the equilibrium potential environment and the blocking property of the solvent of the electrolyte, and using conductive particles containing a metal element Found that the battery performance can be improved.
- being excellent in the blocking property of the component contained in the electrolytic solution means that the component contained in the electrolytic solution of the lithium ion battery is difficult to permeate.
- the evaluation method of the blocking property of the component contained in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, the distribution of lithium element in the cross section of the multilayer conductive film after exposure to a predetermined potential environment by an electrochemical method is not particularly limited. It can also be evaluated by measuring. Specifically, an electrochemical cell is used, the counter electrode is lithium metal, the working electrode is the multilayer conductive film of the present invention, and the potential difference between the working electrode and the counter electrode is such that the desired potential difference between + 0V and + 2V is maintained.
- the distribution of elemental lithium is measured on the cross section of the multilayer conductive film.
- the depth of penetration of the lithium element from the film surface is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- conductive particles containing a metal element are preferable as the conductive particles 1, and simple substances of metal elements, alloys Oxides, carbides, nitrides, silicides, borides and phosphides are preferred. Among these, from the viewpoint of conductivity, a simple substance of a metal element is more preferable.
- the conductive particles containing a metal element may be a composite material. In order to lower the contact resistance with the active material, a pure substance of a metal element is preferable.
- the metal element is preferably, but not limited to, a material that can withstand an applied negative electrode potential, such as platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, bismuth, zinc, nickel, palladium, chromium, indium, antimony, Aluminum, germanium, silicon, beryllium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, titanium, neodymium, magnesium, zirconium and the like are preferable, and platinum, gold, silver, copper, nickel, and titanium are more preferable. Further, as an alloy of a metal element, SUS, nichrome, constantan, nickel silver and the like can be mentioned.
- the shape of the conductive particles containing a metal element is not particularly limited, but is preferably tree-like, needle-like, plate-like, flake-like, scaly, etc., because the conductivity of the multilayer conductive film is excellent.
- the particle diameter of the conductive particles containing the metal element is not particularly limited, but the average particle diameter is preferably 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 75 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m. And particularly preferably 0.5 to 25 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the electrical resistance tends to increase due to the interfacial resistance of the conductive particles containing the metal element, while if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the surface property is greatly impaired, or the mechanical properties are deteriorated. May decrease significantly.
- the average particle size can be measured by laser diffraction particle size distribution.
- conductive polymer particles such as polypyrrole and polyaniline can be used as the conductive particles 1, and those which are put into practical use as so-called filler-based conductive resin compositions are used. It is also good.
- the distribution of the conductive particles 1 in the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film may or may not be uniform, and the distribution of the conductive particles 1 changes in the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film. It may be A plurality of types of conductive particles may be used, and the distribution of the conductive particles 1 may change in the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film.
- the compounding ratio of the polymer material 1 is in the above range, the decrease in conductivity is improved, the function as the multilayer conductive film is not easily impaired, and the handling becomes easy.
- the present inventors have found that the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure and the conductive particles 1 without the addition of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles impairing the stability to the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode and the solvent blocking property. It has also been found that the interlaminar adhesion between the layer 1 containing H and the other layers can be improved. Therefore, the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film of the present invention more preferably includes insulating plate-like inorganic particles. By including the insulating plate-like inorganic particles, a multilayer conductive film which is excellent in interlayer adhesion and difficult to peel off during transportation can be obtained.
- the interlayer adhesion in the multilayer conductive film of the present invention is as follows: the multilayer conductive film is cut into a size of 2 cm ⁇ 4 cm, and the layer 1 and other layers are pulled in the longitudinal direction at a constant speed while maintaining the T shape. It can be evaluated by measuring the force (adhesion force) generated when peeling off with a load cell.
- the adhesion is preferably 0.3 N / 20 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 N / 20 mm or more, and 0.7 N / 20 mm or more, and any layer causes cohesive failure after the test. Is most preferable. If the adhesion is less than 0.3 N / 20 mm, delamination may occur during transport or handling.
- insulating plate-like inorganic particles in the layer 1 of the present invention known insulating plate-like inorganic particles can be used regardless of whether they are natural or synthetic. Unlike conductive plate-like inorganic particles, insulating plate-like inorganic particles can properly control the electrical resistance in the in-plane direction, so when applying a multilayer conductive film to a current collector, the current collector is collected at a short circuit. There is no damage to the battery due to overcurrent flowing in the in-plane direction of the current collector.
- plate-like includes flake-like materials, scale-like materials and the like in addition to plate-like materials.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the layer 1 is larger than the linear expansion coefficient of the layer 2
- the layer 1 of the multilayer conductive film contains insulating plate-like inorganic particles
- the effect of reducing the warp of the multilayer conductive film is also play.
- aromatic polyimide, polyamide imide, aromatic polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene sulfide is used for the layer 2
- the degree of warping of the multilayer conductive film is obtained by cutting out a part thereof into a square of 5 cm square, drying it completely, and leaving it on a horizontal surface in a low moisture environment with a dew point of -30 ° C or less.
- the multilayer conductive film does not voluntarily wind more than one turn, and the floating is preferably 1 cm or less, more preferably 7 mm or less, and most preferably 5 mm or less preferable. If the conductive film is wound more than one turn or the multilayer conductive film is larger than 1 cm, handling may be difficult.
- the aspect ratio of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles in the present invention was observed at 30,000 to 100,000 times the fine powder of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles with a scanning electron microscope (S-4800, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). After selecting 10 particles capable of observing the cross section, and measuring the thickness and length of each cross section, the length / thickness can be calculated and the arithmetic average can be calculated.
- the aspect ratio of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles in the present invention is preferably 5 or more, and more preferably 7 or more. When the aspect ratio is 5 or more, the insulating plate-like inorganic particles are easily oriented in the multilayer conductive film, and the resistance value in the thickness direction is hardly increased.
- the major diameter of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. Within this range, the strength of the layer 1 is secured, and the handling becomes easy.
- the insulating plate-like inorganic particles in the present invention may be surface-treated with a coupling agent or the like.
- a coupling agent or the like By surface treatment with a coupling agent or the like, mechanical strength and battery performance of the multilayer conductive film can be improved.
- the coupling agent is not particularly limited, and general coupling agents such as silanes, titanates, and aluminates can be used.
- As the surface treatment method known dry and wet surface treatment methods can be used.
- insulating plate-like inorganic particles are A series (Yamaguchi Mica), B series (Yamaguchi Mica), C series (Yamaguchi Mica), SJ series (Yamaguchi Mica), Lpriya Series (Yamaguchi Mica), Micalet series (Yamaguchi Mica), Y series (Yamaguchi Mica), SA series (Yamaguchi Mica), EX series (Yamaguchi Mica), CT series (Yamaguchi Mica), etc. mica , RC-1 (made by Takehara Chemical Industry), Glomax LL (made by Takehara Chemical Industry), Satintone W (made by Takehara Chemical Industry), Satintone No.
- the dispersion state of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles in the layer 1 may or may not be uniform, and the dispersion state of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles may be changed inside the layer 1.
- the compounding ratio of the polymer material 1 containing an alicyclic structure to the insulating plate-like inorganic particles is 1 ratio of the insulating plate-like inorganic particles to 100 parts by weight of the polymer material 1 containing an alicyclic structure.
- the content is preferably in the range of -200 parts by weight, more preferably in the range of 10-150 parts by weight, and most preferably in the range of 15-100 parts by weight. If it is in said range, the intensity
- Elastomers are not particularly limited, and natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene terpolymer, butyl rubber, acrylic rubber, chlorsulfonated polyethylene, urethane rubber, Examples thereof include thermosetting elastomers such as silicone rubber and fluororubber, and styrene-based, olefin-based, ester-based, urethane-based, vinyl chloride-based, and aramid-based thermoplastic elastomers.
- the layer 2 is characterized in that it has durability at the positive electrode potential.
- durability at the positive electrode potential means to have durability to the equilibrium potential environment with the lithium ion of the positive electrode active material. Usually, it means that no decomposition or the like of the material occurs in the environment of +4 V to +5 V with respect to the equilibrium potential of metal lithium and lithium ion.
- the durability of the positive electrode potential can be measured by an electrochemical method.
- the counter electrode is lithium metal
- the working electrode is the multilayer conductive film of the present invention
- the potential of the working electrode relative to the counter electrode is controlled to a desired potential difference between +4 V and +5 V
- the current flowing from the counter electrode to the working electrode after one day is preferably 1 ⁇ 5 or less of the current flowing after 1 min, and more preferably 1/10 or less.
- the layer 2 of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the material exhibits durability to the positive electrode potential, and various materials can be used, and metals, metal oxides, conductive polymers, polymer materials, and conductivity can be used. A complex of particles can be exemplified.
- the layer 2 is a composite of the polymer material 2 and the conductive particles 2 (hereinafter referred to as “conductive” in that it is a material having a small weight density to improve battery performance, particularly weight reduction. It is more preferable to include material 2 ".
- a multilayer conductive film using a polymer material having a solvent blocking property and durability to a positive electrode potential for the layer 2 is particularly suitable for a bipolar battery current collector.
- the blocking property of the solvent of the electrolytic solution is excellent
- the polymer material 2 is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits durability to the positive electrode potential, and various polymer materials can be used, but aromatic polyimide, polyamide imide, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone, polyphenylene Ether, nylon, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyester, durability to positive electrode potential, electrolyte solvent used in bipolar lithium ion battery, solvent resistance to solvent at the time of electrode preparation Is also preferred in that it is excellent.
- Aromatic polyimides, polyamide imides, polyamides, polyphenylene ethers, nylons, polybutylene terephthalates, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether ether ketones and polyesters are preferred from the viewpoint of being excellent in the barrier properties of the electrolytic solution.
- aromatic polyimides, polyamide imides, and polyamides are more preferable, and aromatic polyimides are particularly preferable.
- Polyamides and polyamideimides are obtained by reacting diamines and at least one acid compound selected from dicarboxylic acids, reactive acid derivatives of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, and reactive acid derivatives of tricarboxylic acids. If it is, it will not be limited in particular, but a publicly known thing can be used.
- dicarboxylic acid or its reactive acid derivative examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecane Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as diacid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, dimer acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, oxydibenzoic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid Examples thereof include acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as 4,4′-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, and reactive acid derivatives of these dicarboxylic acids.
- tricarboxylic acid or its reactive acid derivative examples include trimellitic acid, 3,3,4'-benzophenonetricarboxylic acid, 2,3,4'-diphenyltricarboxylic acid, 2,3,6-pyridinetricarboxylic acid, 3,4,4'-Benzanilide tricarboxylic acid, 1,4,5-naphthalene tricarboxylic acid, 2'-methoxy-3,4,4'-diphenyl ether tricarboxylic acid, 2'-chlorobenzanilide-3,4,4 '-Tricarboxylic acid etc. can be mentioned.
- the molecular structure of the aromatic polyimide is not particularly limited as long as it uses an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine.
- An aromatic polyimide is manufactured using a polyamic acid as a precursor.
- a method for producing a polyamic acid any known method can be used, and usually, the aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the aromatic diamine are controlled by dissolving substantially equimolar amounts in an organic solvent. It is manufactured by stirring until the polymerization of the above acid dianhydride and diamine is completed under different temperature conditions.
- These polyamic acid solutions are usually obtained in concentrations of 5 to 35% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight. When the concentration is in this range, appropriate molecular weight and solution viscosity are obtained.
- any known method and a method combining them can be used.
- the characteristic of the polymerization method in the polymerization of polyamic acid is the order of addition of the monomers, and by controlling the order of addition of the monomers, various physical properties of the obtained polyimide can be controlled. Therefore, any monomer addition method may be used for the polymerization of the polyamic acid in the present invention. The following methods are mentioned as a typical polymerization method.
- the polyamic acid obtained by using any of the above-mentioned polymerization methods may be used.
- the material used for the polyamic acid solution which is a precursor of a polyimide which can be used for this invention is demonstrated.
- Suitable tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides that can be used in the present invention are pyromellitic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyl tetra Carboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′- Biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxyphthalic acid dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ) Propane dianhydride, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarbox
- acid dianhydrides in particular, pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4′-oxyphthalic acid dianhydride, 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is preferred from the viewpoint of industrial availability. Although these may use only 1 type, it can also be used combining 2 or more types suitably.
- Suitable diamines that can be used in the polyamic acid composition include, for example, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylpropane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, 2,2'-dimethoxybenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone 4,4'-oxydianiline, 3,3'-oxydianiline, 3,4'-oxydianiline, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyldiethylsilane, 4,4'- Diaminodiphenylsilane, 4,4'-diaminodiphen
- any solvent which can dissolve the polyamic acid can be used, but any amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like, and N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide can be particularly preferably used.
- the conductive particle 2 is preferably a material that can withstand the positive electrode potential to be applied, and is not particularly limited, but aluminum particles, SUS particles, carbon-based conductive particles, silver particles, gold particles, copper particles, titanium particles And alloy particles are preferable. Among them, aluminum particles, SUS particles, and carbon-based conductive particles are more preferable, and carbon-based conductive particles are particularly preferable, from the viewpoint of being stable in a positive electrode potential environment. Specific examples of the carbon-based conductive particles include carbon blacks such as acetylene black and ketjen black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and the like.
- conductive particles 2 those put into practical use as so-called filler-based conductive resin compositions can be used.
- conductive particles 2 those put into practical use as so-called filler-based conductive resin compositions can be used.
- # 3950B manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical
- Black Pearls 2000 manufactured by Cabot
- Printex XE2B manufactured by Degussa
- ketjen black EC-600 JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation), ECP- 600 JD (manufactured by Lion Corporation), EC-300J (manufactured by Lion Corporation), and ECP (manufactured by Lion Corporation)
- ECP manufactured by Lion Corporation
- the distribution of the conductive particles 2 in the layer 2 may or may not be uniform, and the distribution of the particles may be changed in the layer 2.
- Plural kinds of conductive particles may be used, and the distribution of the conductive particles 2 may be changed in the layer 2.
- conductive particles 2 50:50 to 99: 1, and more preferably 60:40 to 95: 5.
- the conductive material used for the layer 1 or the layer 2 of the present invention can be produced by combining the polymer material component and the conductive particles by a known method that can be used industrially, and is particularly limited. For example, the following may be mentioned: (I) A method of complexing and dispersing conductive particles in a state in which the polymer material component is melted, (Ii) A method of combining and dispersing conductive particles in a state in which a polymer material component is dissolved in a solvent, (Iii) A method of combining and dispersing conductive particles simultaneously with the polymerization reaction of the polymer material component, (Iv) A method of combining and dispersing the precursor of the polymer material component and the conductive particle, and the like.
- the solvent for dispersing the conductive particles is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent in which the polymer material 1 having an alicyclic structure is dissolved or dispersed, and cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, cyclohexanone, ethyl ether, THF, xylene Examples are pentane, hexane, octane and toluene.
- the polyimide solution and the conductive particles can be complexed and dispersed.
- a dispersant, a thickener and the like can also be used within a range that does not affect the film physical properties.
- an aromatic polyimide is used as the polymer material 2
- a polyamic acid can also be used as a dispersant.
- the media diameter is preferably 10 mm or less.
- the liquid state becomes a fluid state by a method such as bead mill or ball mill It is preferable to disperse it in
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention various characteristics of the film such as improvement of slipperiness, slidability, thermal conductivity, conductivity, corona resistance, loop stiffness, curl, etc. in the layer 1 and / or layer 2
- the filler may be contained for the purpose of improving the Any filler may be used.
- the particle size of the filler is not particularly limited because it is determined by the film properties to be modified and the type of filler to be added.
- the average particle diameter is 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 75 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 25 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the modification effect may be difficult to appear. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the surface properties may be greatly impaired or the mechanical properties may be significantly reduced.
- the number of added parts of the filler is also determined by the film characteristics to be modified, the particle diameter of the filler, and the like, and is not particularly limited.
- the amount of filler added is 0.01 to 200 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.02 to 80 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the polymer material component. . If the amount of the filler added is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the modifying effect of the filler may be difficult to appear, while if it exceeds 200 parts by weight, the mechanical properties of the film may be greatly impaired.
- the above-mentioned compounding method can be similarly applied, and the compounding of the filler is simultaneously carried out when compounding and dispersing the conductive particles. It is good.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention only needs to have the layer 1 and the layer 2, and layers other than the layer 1 and the layer 2 can be combined. In this case, it is necessary that the layers other than the layer 1 and the layer 2 also have conductivity. What can be used for layers other than Layer 1 and Layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity, and materials generally used as a conductive layer can be used. If the number of layers is too large, the electric resistance in the thickness direction of the multilayer conductive film tends to increase due to the influence of the interface resistance between the layers, and as a result, the battery performance tends to decrease. Is preferred. It is preferable that the layer 2 be present on any one of the surfaces from the viewpoint of exhibiting durability of the positive electrode potential.
- a method of forming each layer in a multilayer conductive film having a two-layer or three-layer structure is exemplified as follows: a) First, the layer 2 is formed, and then the dissolved or melted conductive material 1 is formed on the layer 2 and dried if necessary. b) First, the layer 1 is formed, and then either the dissolved or melted conductive material 2 or the precursor of the conductive material 2 is applied on the layer 1, dried if necessary, and the precursor is reacted , c) Either the dissolved or melted conductive material 1, the dissolved or melted conductive material 2, or the precursor of the conductive material 2 is applied to a support by a coextrusion method, and dried, if necessary.
- the conductive material 1 is applied to one surface of the film-like layer 3 to form the layer 1 by a method such as extrusion, solvent drying is performed if necessary, and then the layer 1 is not formed
- a method of forming the layer 2 by coating, extruding or the like a conductive material 2 or a precursor thereof on the surface of the layer 3 and, if necessary, drying the solvent and reacting the precursor of the conductive material 2;
- corona treatment, plasma treatment, and the like can be appropriately performed to improve adhesion. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferable to first form the layer 2, then form the dissolved conductive material 1 on the layer 2 and dry the solvent.
- the method of producing the layer 1, specifically, the method of producing the film of the layer 1 will be described. It is possible to form a film by a known method which can be used industrially, and is not particularly limited.
- melt molding there are a method using a T-die, a melt extrusion method such as an inflation method, a calendar method, a heat press method, an injection molding method and the like. Among them, a melt extrusion method using a T-die, in which the thickness unevenness of the film is small, is preferable.
- the film of layer 1 formed by the above method may be used without stretching, or may be stretched, for example, uniaxially stretched or biaxially stretched.
- a method for producing the layer 2 specifically a method for producing a film of the layer 2 will be described. It is possible to form a film by a known method which can be used industrially, and is not particularly limited. The method of melt-extrusion molding the polymeric material 2 and the electroconductive particle 2, the method of drying the dispersion solution of the polymeric material 2 and the electroconductive particle 2 on a support body, etc. can be mentioned.
- a polyamic acid solution in which the carbon-based conductive particle is dispersed is formed into a polyimide film
- a polyamic acid solution in which carbon-based conductive particles are dispersed is cast on a support such as a metal drum or a metal belt by a cast coating method or the like, and self-supporting at room temperature to about 200 ° C. After obtaining a dry film, it is further fixed to a metal frame and heated to a final temperature of about 400 ° C. to 600 ° C. to obtain a polyimide film.
- the imidization time it is sufficient to take sufficient time for the imidization and drying to be substantially completed, and it is not uniquely limited, but generally it is appropriately set in the range of about 1 to 600 seconds. Be done.
- the layer 2 obtained by the above method is appropriately subjected to corona treatment, plasma treatment, etc. in order to improve the adhesion with the layer 1, the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer formed in the following processing process. It is also possible to carry out.
- the total thickness of the multilayer conductive film of the present invention is preferably 1 to 200 ⁇ m. If the thickness is more than 200 ⁇ m, the performance such as the output density of the battery may be reduced, or the resistance in the thickness direction of the film may be increased, which may lead to an increase in the internal resistance of the battery. On the other hand, if it is thinner than 1 ⁇ m, handling is difficult, which is not preferable.
- the total thickness is more preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m, because the film has an excellent balance of strength and flexibility.
- the thickness of the layer 1 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. If it is thinner than 0.1 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to handle. Since the strength of the film is excellent, the thickness of the layer 1 is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction is preferably 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less.
- the resistance value exceeds 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 , when used in a battery, the internal resistance of the battery may increase and the power density may decrease.
- the electric resistance per unit area in the thickness direction is more preferably 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less, further preferably 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less, in terms of lowering the internal resistance of the battery and being excellent in output density.
- the peelable film is not particularly limited, and known films can be used, and examples thereof include films made of synthetic resins such as PET film, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention can be used for a battery current collector, a tab, a container, etc., but in particular, it has a stability against the equilibrium potential environment of the negative electrode and a stability against the equilibrium potential environment of the positive electrode. It is suitable for a collector.
- the multilayer conductive film of the present invention is suitable for the current collector of a bipolar battery. Specifically, a positive electrode active material layer (positive electrode) electrically connected to the surface on the layer 2 side is formed, and a negative electrode active material layer (negative electrode) electrically connected to the other surface is formed.
- Type battery electrode This bipolar battery electrode is suitable for a bipolar battery having a structure in which electrolyte layers are alternately stacked.
- the configuration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and known positive electrodes and negative electrodes can be applied.
- the electrode includes a positive electrode active material if the electrode is a positive electrode, and a negative electrode active material if the electrode is a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material may be appropriately selected according to the type of battery.
- the battery is the lithium-ion battery
- Li ⁇ Co-based composite oxide such as LiCoO 2
- Li ⁇ Ni-based composite oxide such as LiNiO 2
- spinel LiMn 2 O 4 examples include Li / Mn based composite oxides, Li / Fe based composite oxides such as LiFeO 2 and the like.
- phosphate compounds and sulfate compounds of transition metals such as LiFePO 4 and lithium; V 2 O 5 , MnO 2 , TiS 2 , MoS 2 , MoO 3 etc. transition metal oxides and sulfides; PbO 2 , AgO, NiOOH etc. are mentioned.
- two or more positive electrode active materials may be used in combination.
- the negative electrode active material examples include metal materials such as carbon materials (carbon) such as crystalline carbon materials and non-crystalline carbon materials, and composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
- metal materials such as carbon materials (carbon) such as crystalline carbon materials and non-crystalline carbon materials, and composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
- carbon materials such as crystalline carbon materials and non-crystalline carbon materials
- composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
- natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, coke, soft carbon, hard carbon and the like can be mentioned.
- two or more negative electrode active materials may be used in combination.
- the electrode may contain other components such as a conductive aid, an ion conductive polymer, and a support salt.
- a conductive aid acetylene black, carbon black, graphite and the like can be mentioned.
- the conductivity of electrons generated at the electrode can be enhanced to improve the cell performance.
- the ion conductive polymer include polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO).
- the support salt may be selected according to the type of battery. When the battery is a lithium battery, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , Li (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 N, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , and the like can be mentioned.
- the compounding amount of the constituent material of the electrode such as the active material, the lithium salt, and the conductive auxiliary agent is preferably determined in consideration of the purpose of use of the battery (such as importance on output and importance on energy) and ion conductivity.
- the electrolyte layer may be liquid, gel or solid phase.
- the electrolyte layer is preferably a gel polymer electrolyte layer or an all solid electrolyte layer, in consideration of safety when a battery is broken and prevention of liquid junction.
- a gel polymer electrolyte layer as the electrolyte, it is possible to eliminate the fluidity of the electrolyte, to control the outflow of the electrolyte to the current collector, and to block the ion conductivity between the layers.
- host polymers of gel polymer electrolytes include PEO, PPO, PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP), PAN, PMA, PMMA and the like.
- the electrolyte solution normally used for a lithium ion battery can be used as a plasticizer.
- the gel polymer electrolyte is prepared by including an electrolyte solution generally used in a lithium ion battery in an all solid type polymer electrolyte such as PEO, PPO and the like. It may be produced by holding the electrolytic solution in the skeleton of a polymer having no lithium ion conductivity such as PVDF, PAN, PMMA or the like.
- the ratio of the polymer to the gel polymer electrolyte and the electrolyte is not particularly limited, and when 100% of the polymer is all solid polymer electrolyte and 100% of the electrolyte is liquid electrolyte, all the intermediates are the concept of gel polymer electrolyte include.
- the total solid electrolyte includes all electrolytes having Li ion conductivity such as polymers or inorganic solids.
- the electrolyte layer When the all solid electrolyte layer is used as the electrolyte, the fluidity of the electrolyte is lost, so that the electrolyte does not flow out to the current collector, and it becomes possible to block the ion conductivity between the layers.
- a support salt is preferably contained to secure ion conductivity.
- LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , or a mixture thereof can be used as the support salt .
- polyalkylene oxide polymers such as PEO and PPO dissolve well lithium salts such as LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2. It can.
- PEO and PPO dissolve well lithium salts such as LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2. It can.
- by forming a crosslinked structure excellent mechanical strength is exhibited.
- a plurality of batteries may be combined in series, in parallel, or in series and in parallel to form an assembled battery.
- capacity and voltage can be freely adjusted.
- the number of batteries in the assembled battery and the manner of connection may be determined according to the power and capacity required for the batteries.
- the stability as a battery is increased as compared to the unit cell.
- the battery or the assembled battery may preferably be used as a power supply for driving the vehicle.
- the battery or assembled battery of the present invention is used in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, the life and reliability of the vehicle can be enhanced.
- the application is not limited to automobiles, and may be applied to, for example, trains.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the solvent blocking property of the electrolytic solution, the durability to the negative electrode potential (negative electrode potential durability), the durability to the positive electrode potential (positive electrode (positive electrode) of the conductive film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples Potential durability), relative irreversible capacity of the half cell, blocking property of the component (lithium element) contained in the electrolytic solution, warping degree of the multilayer conductive film and interlayer adhesion were measured and evaluated by the following methods. .
- the conductive film was cut into a size of 15 mm square, and a gold thin film was formed by sputtering on the central 10 mm square region on both sides of the cut film.
- the copper foil is adhered to the gold thin film by applying a pressure of 1 MPa, and the potential V is measured when a current I flows between the two copper foils (LCR high tester (registered trademark) 3522-50, Hioki Electric Co., Ltd. And the measured value V / I were taken as the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction.
- Teflon block (1) A cylindrical Teflon block (diameter: 10 cm, height: 2 cm) having a circular groove with a diameter of 4 cm and a depth of 1 cm on one side ("Teflon" is a registered trademark).
- O-ring (2) O-ring with an inner diameter of 4.44 cm and a thickness of 0.31 cm.
- Film retainer (4) A film retainer made of SUS304 with an inner diameter of 4 cm, an outer diameter of 10 cm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
- the solvent permeation amount was measured by the following procedure. In a groove of the Teflon block (1), 0.5 g (5) of a carbonate-based solvent was placed, and the O-ring (2), the sample film (3), and the film press (4) were stacked in this order. Apply pressure between the film retainer (4) and the Teflon block (1) to prevent the carbonate solvent (5) from leaking between the O-ring (2), the sample film (3) and the Teflon block (1) I made it. The film was turned upside down so that the film press (4) was on the bottom (FIG. 1), and the total weight was measured. Then, after leaving still in a dry air at 25 ° C. for two weeks in the state shown in FIG. 1, the weight was measured again.
- the difference in weight at this time was taken as the solvent permeation amount.
- the solvent permeation amount is 100 mg or less, the blocking property of the solvent of the electrolytic solution is excellent.
- the area of the film in contact with the solvent is 16.6 cm 2 .
- an electrode cell As an electrode cell, a flat cell (Takarasen Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the counter electrode is a cylindrical Li foil with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm
- the separator is a Celgard 2500 (made by PP, Celguard Co., Ltd.) cut into a circle with a diameter of 19 mm
- the working electrode is a circle with a diameter of 30 mm.
- a conductive film manufactured in a comparative example an ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate mixed solution (volume ratio 3: 7, trade name LBG-94913, Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) of 1 mol / L LiPF 6 was used as an electrolytic solution.
- the preparation of the cell was performed under an argon atmosphere according to the following procedure.
- a counter electrode, a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, and a working electrode were stacked in this order.
- the counter electrode and the separator were in contact with a circular area of 15 mm in diameter, and the working electrode and the separator were in contact with only a circular area of 16 mm in diameter, so that the working electrode and the counter electrode were not in contact.
- electrodes made of SUS304 were respectively connected to the counter electrode and the working electrode (respectively referred to as electrode A and electrode B), and the cell was made into a closed system so that gas does not enter or leave the cell.
- the measurement was performed according to the following procedure.
- the cell was placed in a thermostat at 55 ° C., allowed to stand for 1 hour, and electrodes A and B of the cell were connected to Solartron Multistat 1470E.
- a constant current of 20.1 ⁇ A was supplied from the electrode B to the electrode A.
- the time until the potential difference between the electrode A and the electrode B reached 5 mV was measured.
- Negative time compared to copper foil with time to reach 5 mV in the measurement sample where time to reach 5 mV measured with copper foil (20 ⁇ m thickness) generally used for current collector of lithium ion battery is 1 It was time to reach the potential. If the time taken to reach the negative electrode potential as compared to copper foil is 10 or less, the durability of the negative electrode potential is excellent.
- negative electrode active material slurry 95 parts by weight of artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material, 5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (KF 9130: manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.) as a binder, 95 parts by weight of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Were added, stirring and degassing were performed to obtain a negative electrode active material slurry.
- KF 9130 manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Negative Electrode The conductive film was cut into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm. Then, the above 1. The negative electrode active material slurry prepared in the above was applied to a center on the layer 1 with a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 130 ⁇ m using a doctor blade, dried and pressed to obtain a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer.
- a flat cell (Hohsen Co., Ltd.) was used as an electrode cell.
- the counter electrode is a cylindrical Li foil with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm
- the separator is Celgard 2500 (made by PP, Celguard Co., Ltd.) cut into a circle with a diameter of 19 mm
- the negative electrode is 2.
- the mixed solution of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (volume ratio 3: 7, trade name LBG-94913, Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) of 1 mol / L LiPF 6 was used as the negative electrode prepared in 4.
- the preparation of the cell was performed under an argon atmosphere according to the following procedure.
- a counter electrode, a separator impregnated with an electrolytic solution, and a negative electrode were stacked in this order.
- the negative electrode active material layer and the separator were brought into contact with each other so that the layer 2 and the electrolytic solution did not come in contact with each other.
- electrodes made of SUS304 were respectively connected to the counter electrode and the negative electrode (respectively referred to as electrode A and electrode B), and the cell was made into a closed system so as to prevent gas from entering or leaving the cell.
- Charge / discharge measurement Measurement was performed according to the following procedure. The cell was placed in a 45 ° C. thermostat. The battery was charged at 25 ° C. for 12 hours in a constant current constant voltage system (CCCV, current: 0.1 C, voltage: 0.005 V). Thereafter, it was discharged to 1.5 V at a constant current (CC, current: 0.1 C). This charge and discharge process was regarded as one cycle, and repeated three cycles. The difference between the charge capacity at the third cycle and the discharge capacity at the third cycle was taken as the irreversible capacity, a value standardized by the mass of the active material.
- CCCV constant current constant voltage system
- CC constant current
- the irreversible capacity of the measurement sample is taken as a relative irreversible capacity relative to the irreversible capacity of the copper foil, where the irreversible capacity measured with a copper foil (20 ⁇ m thickness) generally used for a current collector of a lithium ion battery is 1. If the relative irreversible capacity is small, it can be evaluated that the cycle characteristics when producing the battery are excellent.
- an electrode cell As an electrode cell, a flat cell (Takarasen Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the counter electrode is a cylindrical Li foil with a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm
- the separator is Celgard 2500 (made by PP, Celgard Co., Ltd.) cut out to a diameter of 19 mm
- the working electrode is a conductive film cut out to a diameter of 30 mm
- the electrolyte is A mixed solution of 1 mol / L LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (LBG-96533, Kishda Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the preparation of the cell was performed under an argon atmosphere according to the following procedure.
- a counter electrode, a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, and a working electrode were stacked in this order.
- the counter electrode and the separator were in contact with a circular area of 15 mm in diameter, and the working electrode and the separator were in contact with only a circular area of 16 mm in diameter, so that the working electrode and the counter electrode were not in contact.
- the working electrode was placed such that the separator and the layer 1 were in contact.
- the counter electrode and the working electrode were respectively connected to electrodes made of SUS304 (respectively referred to as electrode A and electrode B), and the cell was made into a closed system so that gas does not enter or leave the cell.
- the sample preparation for analysis was performed in the following procedure.
- the cell was placed in a thermostat at 55 ° C., allowed to stand for 1 hour, and electrodes A and B of the cell were connected to Solartron Multistat 1470E. Then, while measuring the potential difference between the electrode A and the electrode B, a constant current of 20.1 ⁇ A is continued to flow from the electrode B to the electrode A until the potential difference between the electrode A and the electrode B reaches 5 mV.
- the current was kept under control for one week so that the potential difference was kept at 5 mV.
- the (multilayer) conductive film is taken out of the cell, the attached electrolyte solution is removed, the resin is embedded, and a cross section is drawn with a microtome.
- the distribution of lithium element in the cross section was observed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry using SIMS 5, and the depth of penetration of lithium element from the film surface was measured. If the penetration depth of the lithium element was 5 ⁇ m or less, it was judged that the blocking properties of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were excellent.
- the multilayer conductive film (sealed with an aluminum chuck bag immediately after production) manufactured in Examples 10 to 19 and Reference Examples 5 to 7 was cut into a square of 5 cm 2 The distance from each vertex to the plate was averaged to obtain warpage of the multilayer conductive film when left standing on a horizontal plate. In addition, warpage was measured with each vertex standing in the direction of rising from the plate. In addition, when the warpage was too large to wind one round or more, it was evaluated as x (NG). In addition, the measurement of curvature was performed in the low humidity environment after drying. It can be said that it is excellent if the warp of the multilayer conductive film is 5 mm or less.
- Interlayer adhesion of multilayer conductive film A multilayer conductive film is cut into a size of 2 cm ⁇ 4 cm, a strong adhesive aluminum tape is attached to the layer 1 side, and the aluminum tape and layer 2 attached to the layer 1 are tested while keeping the T shape in the longitudinal direction. The adhesion between the layers of the multilayer conductive film was measured by pulling with a machine. If the interlayer adhesion is 0.7 N / 20 mm or more, it can be said that the interlayer adhesion is excellent.
- Synthesis Example 1 As starting materials, use is made of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) as diamine, and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent It was. 681 g of DMF and 90.46 g of ODA were put in a glass flask with a volume of 2000 ml and stirred to dissolve the ODA, then 96.57 g of PMDA was added and stirring was further continued to prepare a reaction solution.
- PMDA pyromellitic dianhydride
- ODA 4,4′-oxydianiline
- DMF N, N-dimethylformamide
- a slurry of 30 g of DMF and 1.97 g of PMDA is prepared, this slurry is added while paying attention to the viscosity of the above reaction solution, and when the viscosity reaches 200 Pa ⁇ s, the addition is stopped and the stirring is stopped.
- a 21% by weight polyamic acid solution was obtained.
- 46.8 g of the obtained polyamic acid solution, 6.55 g of ketjen black (EC 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation), 197 g of DMF, and 500 g of zirconia balls of 5 mm ⁇ were placed in a zirconia container and dispersed in a ball mill. Dispersion conditions were set to a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 30 minutes.
- composition example 2 As a starting material, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) as diamine, as a solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used. In a 2000 ml glass flask, 735 g of DMAc and 54.66 g of ODA were added and stirred to dissolve the ODA, and then 78.73 g of BPDA was added and stirring was further continued.
- BPDA 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
- ODA 4,4′-oxydianiline
- DMAc N-dimethylacetamide
- a slurry of 30 g of DMAc and 1.61 g of BPDA was prepared, this slurry was added while paying attention to the viscosity of the above reaction solution, and when the viscosity reached 200 Pa ⁇ s, addition and stirring were stopped, and the resin solid concentration 15 A weight percent polyamic acid solution was obtained.
- 80.6 g of the obtained polyamic acid solution, 8.06 g of ketjen black (EC 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation), 161 g of DMF, and 500 g of zirconia balls of 5 mm in diameter were placed in a container made of zirconia and dispersed in a ball mill. Dispersion conditions were set to a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 30 minutes.
- composition example 3 44 g of cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), 6.6 g of ketjen black (trade name: EC 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation), 176 g of ethylcyclohexane and 450 g of zirconia balls of 5 mm ⁇ are put in a container made of zirconia The resultant was dispersed in a ball mill to obtain a conductive material (dispersion liquid). Dispersion conditions were set to 500 rpm and 45 minutes.
- This conductive material is cast on an aluminum foil to a final thickness of 15 ⁇ m using a coating apparatus (Comma Coater; registered trademark, manufactured by Hirano Tech Seed Co., Ltd.), dried at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and continued. Heated at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the aluminum foil was removed to obtain a single layer film (15 ⁇ m thickness) of layer 1.
- a coating apparatus Chata Coater; registered trademark, manufactured by Hirano Tech Seed Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 The conductive material synthesized in Synthesis Example 3 is made to have a final thickness of 15 ⁇ m on the single layer film of Layer 2 synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 using a coating apparatus (comma coater; registered trademark, manufactured by Hirano Tech Seed Co., Ltd.) The resultant was cast, dried at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and subsequently heated at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness). The electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential durability, and the relative irreversible capacity of the half cell were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- composition example 4 The same method as in Synthesis Example 3 except that, in Synthesis Example 3, the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is changed to a cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1020R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) Thus, a single layer (15 ⁇ m thickness) of the conductive material and layer 1 was obtained.
- the cycloolefin polymer trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 A multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive material of Synthesis Example 3 was changed to the conductive material of Synthesis Example 4 in Example 1. The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- composition example 5 The same method as in Synthesis Example 3 except that, in Synthesis Example 3, the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is changed to the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONEX 480R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) Thus, a single layer film (15 ⁇ m thickness) of the conductive material and layer 1 was obtained.
- the cycloolefin polymer trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- ZEONEX 480R manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- Example 3 A multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive material of Synthesis Example 3 was changed to the conductive material of Synthesis Example 5 in Example 1. The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- Synthesis Example 6 The same method as in Synthesis Example 3 except that, in Synthesis Example 3, the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is changed to a cycloolefin polymer (trade name: Arton F5023, manufactured by JSR Corporation) Thus, a single layer film (15 ⁇ m thickness) of the conductive material and layer 1 was obtained.
- the cycloolefin polymer trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- Arton F5023 cycloolefin polymer
- Example 4 A multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive material of Synthesis Example 3 was changed to the conductive material of Synthesis Example 6 in Example 1. The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- Synthesis Example 7 The same procedure as in Synthesis Example 3 is repeated, except that the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is changed to the cycloolefin copolymer (trade name: APEL APL6013T, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) in Synthesis Example 3. A single layer film (15 ⁇ m thickness) of a conductive material and layer 1 was obtained.
- the cycloolefin polymer trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- APEL APL6013T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- Example 5 A multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the conductive material of Synthesis Example 3 was changed to the conductive material of Synthesis Example 7 in Example 1. The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- Example 6 A multilayer conductive film (40 ⁇ m thickness) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film of layer 2 synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 was changed to the film of layer 2 synthesized in Synthesis Example 2 in Example 1. Obtained. The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- Synthesis Example 8 58 g of polyisobutylene (trade name: EP 400, manufactured by Kaneka), 6.4 g of ketjen black (trade name: EC 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation), 192 g of toluene, and 500 g of zirconia balls of 5 mm diameter are put in a zirconia container To obtain a conductive material. Dispersion conditions were set to 500 rpm and 45 minutes.
- a curing agent 0.11 g of a curing retarder (trade name: Surfynol 61, Nisshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and 0.077 g of a curing catalyst (trade name: Pt-VTS-3.0X, Yumi Stirring and defoaming were performed by adding Core Japan Co., Ltd.) to obtain a conductive material.
- the curing agent used here is a methylhydrogen silicone having an average of 7.5 (-Si-O-) repeating units added with 2 equivalents of ⁇ -olefin of the total amount of hydrosilyl groups in the presence of a platinum catalyst Obtained on the average of about 5.5 hydrosilyl groups in one molecule.
- the Si—H group content of this compound was 6 mmol / g.
- the conductive material synthesized in Synthesis Example 8 has a thickness of 15 ⁇ m on the single layer film (25 ⁇ m) of the layer 2 prepared in Synthesis Example 1 And dried for 10 minutes at 150.degree. C. to obtain a multilayer conductive film (40 .mu.m thickness). The same measurement and evaluation as in Example 1 were performed.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, and the positive electrode potential durability were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- the negative electrode potential durability test when the working electrode was placed so that the separator and the layer 1 were in contact, the time until reaching the negative electrode potential as compared to the copper foil was measured.
- b / a when the working electrode was installed so that the separator and the layer 2 were in contact was calculated.
- the solvent permeability of layer 1 was measured using a monolayer film of layer 1.
- the single layer film (comparative example 3) of the layer 2 obtained in the synthesis example 1 is compared with the multilayer conductive film obtained in the examples 1 to 6, the relative irreversible capacity of the half cell is larger. , It is inferior to the cycle characteristic when producing a battery. From this, it is shown that durability against the negative electrode potential is necessary to improve the cycle characteristics.
- Synthesis Example 9 10 g of cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 30 g of ethylcyclohexane, and 10 g of nickel powder (Ni-255, average particle diameter 2.2 ⁇ m, manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industrial Co., Ltd.) is added The mixture was dispersed and degassed using a rotation / revolution mixer (Awatori Neritaro ARE-310, manufactured by Shinky Co., Ltd.) to obtain a dispersion. Dispersion conditions were 90 seconds at a revolution speed of 2000 rpm.
- Synthesis Example 10 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 9 except that the nickel powder was changed to silver powder (SF-K, average particle diameter 4.3 ⁇ m, manufactured by Mitsui Metals Co., Ltd.) in Synthesis Example 9.
- Synthesis Example 11 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 9 except that the nickel powder was changed to copper powder (Cu-HWF-6, average particle diameter 6.13 ⁇ m, manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industry Co., Ltd.) in Synthesis Example 9. Obtained.
- Synthesis Example 12 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 9 except that the nickel powder was changed to titanium carbide powder (TiC, average particle diameter 1.86 ⁇ m, manufactured by Nippon Shin Metal Co., Ltd.) in Synthesis Example 9.
- Synthesis Example 13 As a starting material, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) as tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) as diamine, as a solvent N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used. In a 2000 ml glass flask, 735 g of DMAc and 54.66 g of ODA were added and stirred to dissolve the ODA, and then 78.73 g of BPDA was added and stirring was further continued.
- BPDA 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
- ODA 4,4′-oxydianiline
- DMAc N-dimethylacetamide
- a slurry of 30 g of DMAc and 1.61 g of BPDA was prepared, this slurry was added while paying attention to the viscosity of the above reaction solution, and when the viscosity reached 200 Pa ⁇ s, addition and stirring were stopped, and the resin solid concentration 15 % Polyamic acid solution was obtained.
- the obtained polyamic acid solution, ketjen black (EC 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation) and DMF were prepared at a weight ratio of 10: 1: 20, and ball mill dispersion was performed using zirconia balls of 5 mm ⁇ . Dispersion conditions were as follows: batch 250 g, zirconia sphere 500 g, rotation speed 600 rpm, 30 minutes.
- the polyamic acid solution corresponding to 56.67 in the above weight ratio was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred until it became uniform to obtain a carbon-based conductive particle-dispersed polyamic acid solution.
- a total of 40 g of a solution obtained by adding the entire amount of a curing solvent consisting of 2.5 g of isoquinoline, 9.52 g of acetic anhydride, and 2.5 g of DMF to 50 g of the carbon conductive particle-dispersed polyamic acid solution and thoroughly stirring in an ice bath It casted so that final thickness might be set to 25 micrometers on aluminum foil, and dried at 160 degreeC for 70 seconds.
- the dried self-supporting film is peeled off from the aluminum foil, fixed to a metal pin frame, dried at 300 ° C. for 11 seconds, subsequently dried and imidized at 450 ° C. for 1 minute, allowed to cool, and then the surface Corona treatment was performed to obtain a monolayer film of layer 2.
- Example 7 Using a comma coater, the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 9 is cast on an aluminum foil (thickness 30 ⁇ m, hereinafter “layer 2”) to a final total thickness of 48 ⁇ m, and dried at 80 ° C. for 4 minutes. Subsequently, layer 1 was formed on layer 2 by heating at 120 ° C. for 4 minutes and at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a multilayer conductive film. The electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential resistance, and the blocking property of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- Example 8 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was changed to the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 10 in Example 7.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential durability, and the blocking property of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- the working electrode was installed and measured so that a separator and the layer 1 might contact.
- b / a when the working electrode was installed so that the separator and the layer 2 were in contact was calculated.
- Example 9 The dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 9 is cast on a film (thickness 25 ⁇ m, hereinafter “layer 2”) obtained in Synthesis Example 13 using a comma coater so that the total thickness becomes 43 ⁇ m, and 80 ° C. Drying was carried out for 4 minutes, followed by heating at 120 ° C. for 4 minutes and heating at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes to form layer 1 on layer 2 to obtain a multilayer conductive film.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential resistance, and the blocking property of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- Example 10 Example 7 was repeated except that the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used instead of the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 9 to form layer 1.
- a multilayer conductive film was obtained.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential resistance, and the blocking property of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- the working electrode was installed and measured so that a separator and the layer 1 might contact.
- b / a when the working electrode was installed so that the separator and the layer 2 were in contact was calculated.
- Example 11 Example 9 was repeated except that the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was used instead of the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 9 to form layer 1.
- a multilayer conductive film was obtained.
- the electrical resistance per unit area in the thickness direction, the negative electrode potential durability, the positive electrode potential resistance, and the blocking property of the components contained in the electrolytic solution were measured for the obtained multilayer conductive film.
- the working electrode was installed and measured so that a separator and the layer 1 might contact.
- b / a when the working electrode was installed so that the separator and the layer 2 were in contact was calculated.
- Synthesis Example 14 58 g of polyisobutylene (trade name: EP 400, manufactured by Kaneka Corp.), 64 g of nickel powder (Ni-255, average particle diameter 2.2 ⁇ m, made of Fukuda metal foil powder), 192 g of toluene, and 500 g of zirconia balls of 5 mm ⁇ in a container made of zirconia The mixture was charged and dispersed in a ball mill to obtain a dispersion. Dispersion conditions were set to 500 rpm and 45 minutes.
- a curing agent used here is methylhydrogen silicone having an average of 7.5 (-Si-O-) repeating units and containing 2 equivalent ⁇ -olefins of the total amount of hydrosilyl groups in the presence of a platinum catalyst in the presence of a platinum catalyst. It is a compound obtained by addition and having an average of about 5.5 hydrosilyl groups in one molecule. The Si—H group content of this compound was 6 mmol / g.
- Synthesis Example 15 As an organic solvent for polymerization, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is used, 50 mol% of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (hereinafter BPDA), 3,3 ′ 50% by mole of 4,4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (hereinafter BTDA), 85% by mole 4,4'-oxydianiline (hereinafter ODA) and para-phenylenediamine (hereinafter p-PDA) )
- BPDA 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
- ODA 4,4'-oxydianiline
- p-PDA para-phenylenediamine
- a final thickness on an aluminum foil is made uniform by adding an imidization accelerator consisting of 7.5 g of isoquinoline, 7.5 g of acetic anhydride, and 5 g of DMF to 100 g of the resulting carbon-dispersed polyamic acid solution. Were cast so as to be 12.5 ⁇ m and 50 cm wide, and dried at 120 ° C. for 108 seconds. The dried self-supporting film was peeled off from the aluminum foil, fixed to a pin, dried at 300 ° C. for 100 seconds, and dried at 400 ° C. for 32 seconds to obtain a monolayer film of layer 2.
- Synthesis Example 16 40.0 g of plate-like talc (trade name SG-95: manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) is dispersed in a mixed liquid of 8 g of pure water, 72 g of isopropyl alcohol and 2.7 g of acetic acid, and a silane coupling agent (trade name: SILQUEST A After dropwise addition of 1.6 g of -137, manufactured by Momentive Japan Co., Ltd., the mixture was well stirred. The dispersion was filtered while washing with pure water, and dried at 100 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain surface-treated plate-like talc.
- SILQUEST A silane coupling agent
- Synthesis Example 17 In Synthesis Example 16, a synthesis example was prepared except that the silane coupling agent (trade name: SILQUEST A-137, manufactured by Momentive Japan) was changed to a silane coupling agent (trade name: SILQUEST A-171, manufactured by Momentive Japan) Surface-treated plate-like talc was obtained in the same manner as in (16).
- silane coupling agent trade name: SILQUEST A-137, manufactured by Momentive Japan
- SILQUEST A-171 manufactured by Momentive Japan
- Composition example 18 Cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) 44 g, ketjen black (trade name: ECP 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation) 4.4 g, plate-like talc (trade name: SG-95, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) 2) 26.4 g, ethyl cyclohexane 176 g and 5 mm ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ zirconia spheres 450 g were placed in a zirconia container and dispersed in a ball mill to obtain a dispersion. Dispersion conditions were 45 minutes at 500 rpm.
- composition example 19 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that the amount of ketjen black (trade name: ECP 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation) was changed to 6.6 g.
- Synthesis Example 18 is the same as Synthesis Example 18 except that the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) is changed to the cycloolefin polymer (trade name: ZEONOR 1020R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) A dispersion was obtained.
- the cycloolefin polymer trade name: ZEONOR 1410R, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- ZEONOR 1020R cycloolefin polymer
- composition example 21 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 20 except that the amount of ketjen black (trade name: ECP 600 JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation) was changed to 6.6 g in Synthesis Example 20.
- composition example 22 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that the amount of plate-like talc (trade name: SG-95, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) was changed to 17.6 g.
- composition example 23 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that the plate-like talc (trade name: SG-95, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) was changed to the surface-treated plate-like talc obtained in Synthesis Example 16. Obtained.
- composition example 24 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that the plate-like talc (trade name: SG-95, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) was changed to the surface-treated plate-like talc obtained in Synthesis Example 17. Obtained.
- composition example 25 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that, in Synthesis Example 18, the plate-like talc was changed to mica (trade name: A-11, manufactured by Yamaguchi Mica Co., Ltd.).
- composition example 26 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that no plate-like talc was added in Synthesis Example 18.
- composition example 27 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that, in Synthesis Example 18, the plate-like talc was changed to 35.2 g of silica particles (trade name: Aerosil R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.).
- Synthesis Example 28 A dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 18 except that in the synthesis example 18, the plate-like talc was changed to calcium silicate (trade name: # FPW5000, manufactured by Kinseimatic Co., Ltd.) which is a needle-like filler.
- the plate-like talc was changed to calcium silicate (trade name: # FPW5000, manufactured by Kinseimatic Co., Ltd.) which is a needle-like filler.
- composition example 29 The dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 18 was applied to one surface of an aluminum foil so as to give a final thickness of 9 ⁇ m, and dried at 80 ° C. for 4 minutes. Further, the coating solution was applied again to the coated surface so that the total film thickness after final drying was 18 ⁇ m, and dried at 80 ° C. for 4 minutes. The dried self-supporting film was peeled off from the aluminum foil and fixed on a pin frame, and dried at 120 ° C. for 4 minutes, 180 ° C. for 4 minutes, and 230 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a monolayer film.
- Example 12 One side of the single layer film of layer 2 obtained in Synthesis Example 15 was subjected to corona treatment. Next, the dispersion obtained in Synthesis Example 18 is applied to the corona-treated surface so that the film thickness after drying is 9 ⁇ m, and the reaction is performed at 80 ° C. for 4 minutes, 120 ° C. for 4 minutes, 180 ° C. for 4 minutes, and 230 ° C. Drying was performed for 4 minutes. The same dispersion is applied to the coated surface of the above film so that the final coating thickness becomes 18 ⁇ m, and dried at 80 ° C for 4 minutes, 120 ° C for 4 minutes, 180 ° C for 4 minutes, and 230 ° C for 4 minutes. , And a multilayer conductive film was obtained.
- Example 13 A multilayer conductive film was obtained by the same method as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 19 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- Example 14 In Example 12, a multilayer conductive film was obtained by the same method as in Example 12 except that the film of layer 2 was changed from the single-layer film of Synthesis Example 15 to the single-layer film of Synthesis Example 2, various physical properties, etc. Was evaluated. The solvent blocking property of layer 1 was measured using the single layer film obtained in Synthesis Example 29.
- Example 15 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the single-layer film of Synthesis Example 15 was changed to the single-layer film of Synthesis Example 2 in Example 13, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of the layer 1 is the same as the solvent blocking property of the layer 1 in Example 13.
- Example 16 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 20 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example 29 except that the dispersion of Synthesis Example 20 was used instead of the dispersion of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 17 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 21 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example 29 except that the dispersion of Synthesis Example 21 was used instead of the dispersion of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 18 A multilayer conductive film was obtained by the same method as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 22 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 is the same as that of Synthesis Example 29, except that the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 22 is used instead of the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 19 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 23 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example 29 except that the dispersion of Synthesis Example 23 was used instead of the dispersion of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 20 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 24 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example 29 except that the dispersion of Synthesis Example 24 was used instead of the dispersion of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 21 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 25 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 is the same as that of Synthesis Example 29, except that the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 25 is used instead of the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 22 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 26.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 is the same as that of Synthesis Example 29, except that the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 26 is used instead of the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 18, and a single-layer film obtained by the same procedure as that of Synthesis Example 29 is used. Measured.
- Example 23 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 27 in Example 12, and various physical properties and the like were evaluated.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 is the same as that of Synthesis Example 29, except that the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 27 is used instead of the dispersion liquid of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- Example 24 A multilayer conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the dispersion in Synthesis Example 18 was changed to the dispersion in Synthesis Example 28.
- the solvent blocking property of layer 1 was obtained by the same procedure as in Synthesis Example 29 except that the dispersion of Synthesis Example 28 was used instead of the dispersion of Synthesis Example 18 in Synthesis Example 29. It measured using the film.
- the multilayer conductive films of Examples 12 to 21 containing the insulating plate-like inorganic particles improve the solvent blocking property and are excellent in interlayer adhesion, and can not be combined with the conductive polyimide film. Warpage is greatly improved even with a layered film.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の目的は、負極の平衡電位環境に対する安定性、低電気抵抗、電解液の溶媒遮断性、正極の平衡電位環境に対する安定性、さらには、電解液に含まれる成分(イオン)の遮断性に優れた、複層導電性フィルムを提供することである。
さらに、本発明の目的は、負極の平衡電位環境に対する安定性、低電気抵抗、電解液の溶媒遮断性、正極の平衡電位環境に対する安定性、さらには、層間密着性にも優れた複層導電性フィルムを提供することである。
ノルボルネン系重合体としては、ノルボルネン系モノマーの開環重合体、ノルボルネン系モノマーとこれと開環共重合可能なその他のモノマーとの開環共重合体、ノルボルネン系モノマーの開環重合体の水素添加物、ノルボルネン系モノマーとこれと開環共重合可能なその他のモノマーとの開環共重合体の水素添加物、ノルボルネン系モノマーの付加重合体、ノルボルネン系モノマーとこれと共重合可能なその他のモノマーとの付加共重合体などが挙げられる。
単環の環状オレフィン系重合体としては、例えば、シクロヘキセン、シクロヘプテン、シクロオクテンなどの単環の環状オレフィン系単量体の付加重合体を用いることができる。
環状共役ジエン系重合体としては、例えば、シクロペンタジエン、シクロヘキサジエンなどの環状共役ジエン系単量体を1,2-または1,4-付加重合した重合体及びその水素添加物などを用いることができる。
ビニル脂環式炭化水素重合体としては、例えば、ビニルシクロヘキセン、ビニルシクロヘキサンなどのビニル脂環式炭化水素系単量体の重合体及びその水素添加物;スチレン、α-メチルスチレンなどのビニル芳香族系単量体の重合体の芳香環部分の水素添加物;などが挙げられ、ビニル脂環式炭化水素重合体やビニル芳香族系単量体と、これらの単量体と共重合可能な他の単量体とのランダム共重合体、ブロック共重合体などの共重合体及びその水素添加物など、いずれでもよい。ブロック共重合体としては、ジブロック、トリブロック、またはそれ以上のマルチブロックや傾斜ブロック共重合体などが挙げられ、特に制限はない。
2)芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、これに対し過小モル量の芳香族ジアミン化合物とを有機極性溶媒中で反応させ、両末端に酸無水物基を有するプレポリマーを得る。続いて、全工程において芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物と芳香族ジアミン化合物が実質的に等モルとなるように芳香族ジアミン化合物を用いて重合させる方法。
3)芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、これに対し過剰モル量の芳香族ジアミン化合物とを有機極性溶媒中で反応させ、両末端にアミノ基を有するプレポリマーを得る。続いてここに芳香族ジアミン化合物を追加添加後、全工程において芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物と芳香族ジアミン化合物が実質的に等モルとなるように芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物を用いて重合する方法。
4)芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物を有機極性溶媒中に溶解及び/または分散させた後、実質的に等モルとなるように芳香族ジアミン化合物を用いて重合させる方法。
5)実質的に等モルの芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物と芳香族ジアミンの混合物を有機極性溶媒中で反応させて重合する方法。
これら方法を単独で用いても良いし、部分的に組み合わせて用いることもできる。
(i)高分子材料成分を溶融させた状態で導電性粒子を複合化・分散させる方法、
(ii)高分子材料成分を溶媒に溶かした状態で導電性粒子を複合化・分散させる方法、
(iii)高分子材料成分の重合反応と同時に導電性粒子を複合化・分散させる方法、
(iv)高分子材料成分の前駆体と導電性粒子を複合化・分散させる方法、など。
a)先ず層2を形成し、次いで溶解または溶融させた導電性材料1を層2上に形成し、必要に応じて乾燥する方法、
b)先ず層1を形成し、次いで溶解または溶融させた導電性材料2、導電性材料2の前駆体のいずれかを層1上に塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥、前駆体を反応させる方法、
c)溶解または溶融させた導電性材料1と、溶解または溶融させた導電性材料2、導電性材料2の前駆体のいずれかを共押出法により支持体に塗布し、乾燥、必要に応じ前駆体を反応させる方法、
d)フィルム状の層3の片方の表面に、導電性材料1を塗布、押出し等の方法で層1を形成し、必要に応じて溶媒乾燥を行い、次いで層1を形成していない側の層3の表面に、導電性材料2またはその前駆体を塗布、押出し等の方法で層2を形成し、必要に応じ溶媒乾燥、導電性材料2の前駆体の反応を行う方法、
e)層1と層2を別々に製造し、熱圧着等により接着、複層化する方法、
等を挙げることができ、これらを適宜組み合わせることも可能である。
導電性フィルムを15mm□のサイズに切り抜き、切り抜いたフィルムの両面の中央部10mm□の領域に金薄膜をスパッタ法により形成させた。金薄膜にそれぞれ銅箔を1MPaの加圧により密着させ、2つの銅箔の間に電流Iを流したときの、電位Vを測定し(LCRハイテスタ(登録商標)3522-50、日置電機株式会社製)、測定値V/Iを厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗値とした。
各単層フィルムを直径8cm円形に切り抜き、サンプル用フィルムとした。
テフロンブロック(1):片側に直径4cmの円形で深さ1cmの溝がある、直径10cm、高さ2cmの円柱状のテフロンブロック(「テフロン」は登録商標。)。
Oリング(2):内径4.44cm、太さ0.31cmのOリング。
フィルム押さえ(4):内径4cm、外径10cm、厚さ0.2mmのSUS304製のフィルム押さえ。
テフロンブロック(1)の溝に、カーボネート系溶媒0.5g(5)を入れ、Oリング(2)、サンプル用フィルム(3)、フィルム押さえ(4)の順に上に重ねた。フィルム押さえ(4)とテフロンブロック(1)の間に圧力をかけ、Oリング(2)とサンプル用フィルム(3)とテフロンブロック(1)との間からカーボネート系溶媒(5)が漏洩しないようにした。上下ひっくり返してフィルム押さえ(4)が下になるようにし(図1)、全体の重量を測定した。その後、図1に示す状態で、乾燥空気中、25℃雰囲気で2週間静置した後、再度重量を測定した。このときの重量の差を、溶媒透過量とした。溶媒透過量が100mg以下であれば、電解液の溶媒の遮断性に優れる。本測定において、溶媒と接しているフィルムの面積は16.6cm2である。
電極セルはフラットセル(宝泉株式会社)を用いた。対極は、直径15mm、厚さ0.5mmの円筒形Li箔、セパレーターは直径19mmの円形に切り抜いたセルガード2500(PP製、セルガード株式会社)、作用極は直径30mmの円形に切り抜いた、実施例または比較例で製造した導電性フィルム、電解液は1mol/L LiPF6の、エチレンカーボネートおよびジエチルカーボネート混合溶液(体積比3:7、商品名LBG-94913、キシダ化学株式会社)を用いた。
セルの構成、作製手順は、上記負極電位耐久性の試験方法と同様とした。
測定は以下の手順で行った。セルを55℃の恒温槽に入れ、1時間静置し、セルの電極A、Bをソーラートロン製マルチスタット1470Eに接続した。ついで、電極Bに対する電極Aの電位が4.2Vになるように定電位で保持したときの1分後の電流aと1日後の電流bを測定し、b/aを算出した。b/aが1/2以下であれば、正極電位に耐久性を有するとする。
1.負極活物質スラリーの作製
負極活物質として人造黒鉛95重量部、バインダとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(KF9130:株式会社クレハ製)5重量部に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(和光純薬製)95重量部を添加して、攪拌および脱泡を行い、負極活物質スラリーを得た。
導電性フィルムを直径15mmの円形に切り抜いた。次いで、上記1.で作製した負極活物質スラリーを、層1上の中心にドクターブレードを用いて直径8mmに130μm厚みで塗布し、乾燥、プレスを行い、負極活物質層を持つ負極電極を得た。
電極セルはフラットセル(宝泉株式会社)を用いた。対極は、直径15mm、厚さ0.5mmの円筒形Li箔、セパレーターは直径19mmの円形に切り抜いたセルガード2500(PP製、セルガード株式会社)、負極電極は2.で作製した負極電極、電解液は1mol/L LiPF6の、エチレンカーボネートおよびジエチルカーボネート混合溶液(体積比3:7、商品名LBG-94913、キシダ化学株式会社)を用いた。
測定は以下の手順で行った。セルを45℃の恒温槽に入れた。
25℃にて定電流定電圧方式(CCCV、電流:0.1C、電圧:0.005V)で12時間充電を行なった。その後、定電流(CC、電流:0.1C)で1.5Vまで放電した。この充放電過程を1サイクルとし、3サイクル繰り返した。
3サイクル目の充電容量と3サイクル目の放電容量の差を、活物質の質量で規格化した値を不可逆容量とした。一般にリチウムイオン電池の集電体に用いられている銅箔(20μm厚み)で測定した不可逆容量を1として、測定サンプルの不可逆容量を、銅箔の不可逆容量に対する相対不可逆容量とした。相対不可逆容量が小さければ、電池を作製したときのサイクル特性に優れていると評価できる。
電極セルはフラットセル(宝泉株式会社)を用いた。対極は、直径15mm、厚さ0.5mmの円筒形Li箔、セパレーターは直径19mmに切り抜いたセルガード2500(PP製、セルガード株式会社)、作用極は直径30mmに切り抜いた導電性フィルム、電解液は1mol/L LiPF6の、エチレンカーボネートおよびジエチルカーボネート混合溶液(LBG-96533、キシダ化学株式会社)を用いた。
露点が約-40℃のドライルーム中で、実施例10~19、参考例5~7で製造された複層導電性フィルム(製造後すぐにアルミチャック袋で密封保管)を、5cm□の正方形にくりぬき、水平な板上に静置した際の、各頂点から板までの距離を平均化し、複層導電性フィルムの反りとした。なお、反りは、各頂点が板から浮き上がる向きにして静置して測定した。また、反りが大きすぎて一周以上巻いてしまった場合は×(NG)とした。なお、反りの測定は、乾燥後、低湿環境下で行った。複層導電性フィルムの反りが5mm以下であれば優れているといえる。
複層導電性フィルムを2cm×4cmのサイズに切り出し、層1側に強粘着アルミテープを貼り付け、長手方向にT字状を保ったまま層1に貼り付けたアルミテープと層2を引っ張り試験機で引っ張って複層導電性フィルムの層間密着力を測定した。層間密着力が0.7N/20mm以上であれば層間密着性に優れているといえる。
出発原料として、テトラカルボン酸二無水物としてピロメリット酸二無水物(PMDA)、ジアミンとして4,4´-オキシジアニリン(ODA)を用い、溶媒としてN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)を用いた。
容量2000mlのガラス製フラスコにDMFを681g、ODAを90.46g入れ、攪拌してODAを溶解したのち、PMDAを96.57g添加して更に攪拌を続け、反応溶液を調製した。これとは別にDMF30gとPMDA1.97gのスラリーを調製し、上記反応溶液の粘度に注意しながらこのスラリーを添加し、粘度が200Pa・sに達したところで添加、攪拌を停止し、樹脂固形分濃度21重量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液46.8g、ケッチェンブラック(EC600JD、ライオン株式会社製)6.55g、DMF197g、および5mmφのジルコニア球500gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行った。分散条件は回転数600rpm、30分とした。
さらにここに265gの該ポリアミド酸溶液を添加し、均一になるまで攪拌し炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
この炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液を、125μmのPETフィルム(SG-1、パナック社製)上に最終厚みが25μmになるよう流延し、70℃で10分間乾燥を行った。乾燥後の自己支持性フィルムをPETから剥離した後、金属製のピン枠に固定し、160℃から300℃まで7分30秒かけて乾燥し、続けて400℃で3分間乾燥イミド化を行って層2の単層フィルム(25μm厚み)を得た。
出発原料として、テトラカルボン酸二無水物として3,3´,4,4´-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)、ジアミンとして4,4´-オキシジアニリン(ODA)を用い、溶媒としてN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)を用いた。
容量2000mlのガラス製フラスコにDMAcを735g、ODAを54.66g入れ、攪拌してODAを溶解したのち、BPDAを78.73g添加して更に攪拌を続けた。これとは別にDMAc30gとBPDA1.61gのスラリーを調製し、上記反応溶液の粘度に注意しながらこのスラリーを添加し、粘度が200Pa・sに達したところで添加、攪拌をやめ、樹脂固形分濃度15重量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液80.6g、ケッチェンブラック(EC600JD,ライオン株式会社製)8.06g、DMF161g、および5mmφのジルコニア球500gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行った。分散条件は回転数600rpm、30分とした。
さらに、ここに該ポリアミド酸溶液457gを添加し、均一になるまで攪拌し炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
この炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液50gに対し、イソキノリン2.5g、無水酢酸9.52g、DMF2.5gからなるキュア溶剤を全量添加して氷浴下でよく攪拌させたものを、40μmのアルミ箔上に最終厚みが25μmになるよう流延し、160℃で70秒間乾燥を行った。乾燥後の自己支持性フィルムをアルミ箔から剥離した後、金属製のピン枠に固定し、300℃で11秒間乾燥し、続けて450℃で1分間乾燥イミド化を行って層2の単層フィルム(25μm)を得た。
シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)44g、ケッチェンブラック(商品名:EC600JD、ライオン株式会社製)6.6g、エチルシクロヘキサン176gおよび5mmφのジルコニア球450gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行い、導電性材料(分散液)を得た。分散条件は回転数500rpm、45分とした。
この導電性材料を、コーティング装置(コンマコーター;登録商標、株式会社ヒラノテクシード製)を用いて、アルミ箔上に最終厚みが15μmになるよう流延し、80℃で5分間乾燥を行い、続けて230℃で10分間加熱した。その後、アルミ箔を除去し、層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を得た。
合成例3で合成した導電性材料を、コーティング装置(コンマコーター;登録商標、株式会社ヒラノテクシード製)を用いて、合成例1で合成した層2の単層フィルム上に最終厚みが15μmになるよう流延し、80℃で5分間乾燥を行い、続けて230℃で10分間加熱して、複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、および半電池の相対不可逆容量の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置したときの、銅箔と比較した負極電位に達するまでの時間を測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
また、層1の溶媒透過性を、合成例3で得た層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を用いて測定した。
合成例3において、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)を、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1020R、日本ゼオン社製)に変えた以外は、合成例3と同様の方法で導電性材料と層1の単層(15μm厚み)を得た。
実施例1において、合成例3の導電性材料を合成例4の導電性材料に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
合成例3において、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)を、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONEX 480R、日本ゼオン社製)に変えた以外は、合成例3と同様の方法で導電性材料と層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を得た。
実施例1において、合成例3の導電性材料を合成例5の導電性材料に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
合成例3において、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)を、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:アートン F5023、JSR株式会社製)に変えた以外は、合成例3と同様の方法で導電性材料と層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を得た。
実施例1において、合成例3の導電性材料を合成例6の導電性材料に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
合成例3において、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)をシクロオレフィンコポリマー(商品名:アペル APL6013T、三井化学社製)に変えた以外は、合成例3と同様の方法で導電性材料と層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を得た。
実施例1において、合成例3の導電性材料を合成例7の導電性材料に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
実施例1において、合成例1で合成した層2のフィルムを合成例2で合成した層2のフィルムに変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
ポリイソブチレン(商品名:EP400、カネカ社製)58g、ケッチェンブラック(商品名:EC600JD、ライオン株式会社製)6.4g、トルエン192g、および5mmφのジルコニア球500gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行い、導電性材料を得た。分散条件は回転数500rpm、45分とした。さらに5.95gの硬化剤、0.11gの硬化遅延剤(商品名:サーフィノール61、日信化学工業社製)および0.077gの硬化触媒(商品名:Pt-VTS-3.0X、ユミコアジャパン社製)を添加して攪拌および脱泡を行って導電性材料を得た。
なお、ここで使用した硬化剤は、(―Si-O-)繰り返しユニットを平均して7.5個もつメチルハイドロジェンシリコーンに白金触媒存在下全ヒドロシリル基量の2当量のα-オレフィンを添加して得られた、1分子中に平均約5.5個のヒドロシリル基を有する化合物である。この化合物のSi-H基含有量は6mmol/gであった。
合成例8で合成した導電性材料を、ワイヤーバー(ロッドNo.30、塗工速度1cm/秒)を用いて、合成例1で作製した層2の単層フィルム(25μm)上に15μmの厚みに塗布し、150℃で10分間乾燥硬化させ、複層導電性フィルム(40μm厚み)を得た。実施例1と同様の測定・評価を行った。
合成例3で合成した層1の単層フィルム(15μm厚み)を評価した。
層1の単層フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、および、溶媒透過性を測定した。
合成例1で合成した層2の単層フィルム(25μm)を評価した。
層2の単層フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、半電池の相対不可逆容量、および、溶媒透過性を測定した。しかし、層2の単層フィルムは、負極電位耐久性の試験において、1週間測定しても5mVに到達せず、負極電位に耐久性が認められなかった。
カーボンブラック入りポリプロピレン樹脂(商品名:レオパウンド グレードF1020 ライオン株式会社製)のペレットを用い、加熱プレス法(160℃)により、厚み約90μmの層1の単層フィルムを得た。
得られた層1の単層フィルムと、合成例1で得られた層2の単層フィルム(25μm厚み)のそれぞれ片面にコロナ処理を実施した。次いで、コロナ処理をした面同士を接触させ、熱圧着法により層1の単層フィルムと層2の単層フィルムとを接着させ、複層導電性フィルム(115μm)を得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、および正極電位耐久性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置したときの、銅箔と比較した負極電位に達するまでの時間を測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。層1の溶媒透過性は、層1の単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)10gをエチルシクロヘキサン30gに溶解させ、ニッケル粉(Ni-255、平均粒径2.2μm、福田金属箔粉工業株式会社製)10gを添加し、自転・公転ミキサー(あわとり練太郎ARE-310、株式会社シンキー製)を用いて分散、脱泡し、分散液を得た。分散条件は、公転速度2000rpmで90秒とした。
合成例9において、ニッケル粉を銀粉(SF-K、平均粒径4.3μm、三井金属株式会社製)に変えた以外は、合成例9と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例9において、ニッケル粉を銅粉(Cu-HWF-6、平均粒径6.13μm、福田金属箔粉工業株式会社製)に変えた以外は、合成例9と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例9において、ニッケル粉をチタンカーバイド粉(TiC、平均粒径1.86μm、日本新金属株式会社製)に変えた以外は、合成例9と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
出発原料として、テトラカルボン酸二無水物として3,3´,4,4´-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)、ジアミンとして4,4´-オキシジアニリン(ODA)を用い、溶媒としてN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)を用いた。
容量2000mlのガラス製フラスコにDMAcを735g、ODAを54.66g入れ、攪拌してODAを溶解したのち、BPDAを78.73g添加して更に攪拌を続けた。これとは別にDMAc30gとBPDA1.61gのスラリーを調製し、上記反応溶液の粘度に注意しながらこのスラリーを添加し、粘度が200Pa・sに達したところで添加、攪拌をやめ、樹脂固形分濃度15%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液、ケッチェンブラック(EC600JD,ライオン株式会社製)およびDMFを重量比で10:1:20の割合で調製し、5mmφのジルコニア球を用いてボールミル分散を行った。分散条件はバッチ250g、ジルコニア球500g、回転数600rpm、30分とした。
さらに、ここに上記重量比で56.67に相当する該ポリアミド酸溶液を添加し、均一になるまで攪拌し炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
この炭素系導電性粒子分散ポリアミド酸溶液50gに対し、イソキノリン2.5g、無水酢酸9.52g、DMF2.5gからなるキュア溶剤を全量添加して氷浴下でよく攪拌させたものを、40μmのアルミ箔上に最終厚みが25μmになるよう流延し、160℃で70秒間乾燥を行った。乾燥後の自己支持性フィルムをアルミ箔から剥離した後、金属製のピン枠に固定し、300℃で11秒間乾燥し、続けて450℃で1分間乾燥イミド化を行い、放冷後、表面コロナ処理を実施し、層2の単層フィルムを得た。
合成例11で得られた分散液を、コンマコーターを用いてアルミ箔上に最終厚みが6μmになるよう流延し、80℃で4分間乾燥を行い、アルミ箔を除去し、続けて真空で180℃で4分間加熱し、導電性フィルム(層1)を得た。
得られた導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、電解液の溶媒遮断性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。
合成例12で得られた分散液を、コンマコーターを用いてアルミ箔上に最終厚みが11μmになるよう流延し、80℃で4分間乾燥を行い、アルミ箔を除去し、続けて真空で180℃で4分間加熱し、導電性フィルム(層1)を得た。
得られた導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、電解液の溶媒遮断性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。
合成例9で得られた分散液を、コンマコーターを用いてアルミ箔(厚み30μm、以下「層2」)上に最終合計厚みが48μmになるよう流延し、80℃で4分間乾燥を行い、続けて120℃で4分間、180℃で4分間加熱することで層2上に層1を形成し、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
実施例7において、合成例9で得られた分散液を合成例10で得られた分散液に変えた以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
合成例9で得られた分散液を、コンマコーターを用いて合成例13で得られたフィルム(厚み25μm、以下「層2」)上に最終合計厚みが43μmになるよう流延し、80℃で4分間乾燥を行い、続けて120℃で4分間、180℃で4分間加熱することで層2上に層1を形成し、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
実施例7において、合成例9で得られた分散液の代わりに合成例3で得られた分散液を使用して層1を形成するようにした以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
実施例9において、合成例9で得られた分散液の代わりに合成例3で得られた分散液を使用して層1を形成するようにした以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の試験においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
ポリイソブチレン(商品名:EP400、カネカ社製)58g、ニッケル粉(Ni-255、平均粒径2.2μm、福田金属箔粉製)64g、トルエン192g、および5mmφのジルコニア球500gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行い、分散液を得た。分散条件は回転数500rpm、45分とした。さらに5.95gの硬化剤、0.11gの硬化遅延剤(商品名:サーフィノール61、日信化学工業社製)および0.077gの硬化触媒(商品名:Pt-VTS-3.0X、ユミコアジャパン社製)を添加して攪拌および脱泡を行って分散液を得た。
なお、ここで使用した硬化剤は、(―Si-O-)繰り返しユニットを平均して7.5個もつメチルハイドロジェンシリコーンに白金触媒存在下、全ヒドロシリル基量の2当量のα-オレフィンを添加して得られた、1分子中に平均約5.5個のヒドロシリル基を有する化合物である。この化合物のSi-H基含有量は6mmol/gであった。
合成例14で得られた分散液を、コンマコーターを用いてアルミ箔(厚み30μm、以下「層2」)上に最終厚みが48μmになるよう流延し、150℃で10分間加熱、乾燥することで層2上に層1を形成し、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性の測定を行った。なお、負極電位耐久性、電解液に含まれている成分の遮断性においては、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置して測定した。また、正極電位耐久性の試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
重合用の有機溶媒として、N,N-ジメチルフォルムアミド(DMF)を用い、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(以下、BPDA)50モル%、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(以下、BTDA)50モル%、4,4’-オキシジアニリン(以下、ODA)85モル%、および、パラフェニレンジアミン(以下、p-PDA)15モル%、をこれら比率で反応槽に添加して攪拌、重合することによりポリアミド酸溶液を合成した。このとき、得られるポリアミド酸溶液の固形分濃度は15重量%、粘度は300~400Pa・sとなるように合成を行った。
上記ポリアミド酸溶液10重量部、ケッチェンブラック(ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)1重量部、および、DMF20重量部をボールミルで分散処理を施し、カーボン分散液を得た。分散には5mmφのジルコニア球を用い、回転数600rpmで30分間の処理時間とした。
さらに、上記カーボン分散液100重量部、および、上記ポリアミド酸溶液183重量部を混合し、均一にしてカーボン分散ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このとき、ポリアミド酸100重量部に対し、ケッチェンブラックは10重量部であった。
得られたカーボン分散ポリアミド酸溶液100gに対し、7.5gのイソキノリン、7.5gの無水酢酸、5gのDMFよりなるイミド化促進剤を添加して均一にしたものを、アルミ箔上に最終厚みが12.5μmになるよう、かつ50cm幅で流延し、120℃で108秒間乾燥を行った。乾燥後の自己支持性フィルムをアルミ箔から剥離した後、ピンに固定し、300℃で100秒間乾燥し、続けて400℃で32秒間乾燥を行って層2の単層フィルムを得た。
板状タルク(商品名SG-95:、日本タルク社製)40.0gを純水8g、イソプロピルアルコール72g、酢酸2.7gを混合した液に分散させ、シランカップリング剤(商品名:SILQUEST A-137、モメンティブジャパン社製)を1.6g滴下後良く撹拌した。この分散液を純水で洗浄しながらろ過して、100℃で三時間乾燥させて表面処理板状タルクを得た。
合成例16において、シランカップリング剤(商品名:SILQUEST A-137、モメンティブジャパン社製)をシランカップリング剤(商品名:SILQUEST A-171、モメンティブジャパン社製)に変えた以外は、合成例16と同様の方法で表面処理板状タルクを得た。
シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)44g、ケッチェンブラック(商品名:ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)4.4g、板状タルク(商品名:SG-95、日本タルク社製)26.4g、エチルシクロヘキサン176gおよび5mmΦのジルコニア球450gをジルコニア製容器に入れ、ボールミル分散を行い、分散液を得た。分散条件は回転数500rpmで45分間とした。
合成例18において、ケッチェンブラック(商品名:ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)の量を6.6gに変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、シクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1410R、日本ゼオン社製)をシクロオレフィンポリマー(商品名:ZEONOR 1020R、日本ゼオン社製)に変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例20において、ケッチェンブラック(商品名:ECP600JD、ライオン株式会社製)の量を6.6gに変えた以外は、合成例20と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルク(商品名:SG-95、日本タルク社製)の量を17.6gに変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルク(商品名:SG-95、日本タルク社製)を合成例16で得た表面処理板状タルクに変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルク(商品名:SG-95、日本タルク社製)を合成例17で得た表面処理板状タルクに変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルクをマイカ(商品名:A-11、ヤマグチマイカ社製)に変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルクを添加しなかった以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18において、板状タルクをシリカ粒子(商品名:アエロジルR972、日本アエロジル社製)35.2gに変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液とを得た。
合成例18において、板状タルクを針状フィラーである珪酸カルシウム(商品名:#FPW5000、キンセイマテック社製)に変えた以外は、合成例18と同様の方法で分散液を得た。
合成例18で得られた分散液をアルミ箔の片面に最終厚みが9μmとなるよう塗布し、80℃で4分間乾燥した。さらに塗液を合計最終乾燥後の膜厚が18μmとなるように上記塗布面に再度塗布し、80℃で4分乾燥した。乾燥後の自己支持性フィルムをアルミ箔からはがしてピン枠に固定し、120℃で4分、180℃で4分、230℃で4分乾燥を行い、単層フィルムを得た。
合成例15で得た層2の単層フィルムの片面にコロナ処理を施した。次に合成例18で得た分散液を乾燥後の膜厚が9μmとなるようにコロナ処理面に塗布し、80℃で4分、120℃で4分、180℃で4分、230℃で4分間乾燥を行った。上記フィルムの塗布面に同じ分散液を最終塗布膜厚が18μmとなるように塗布し、80℃で4分、120℃で4分、180℃で4分、230℃で4分間乾燥を行って、複層導電性フィルムを得た。
得られた複層導電性フィルムについて、厚み方向の単位面積当たりの電気抵抗、負極電位耐久性、正極電位耐久性、半電池のサイクル相対不可逆容量、複層化フィルムの反り具合、複層化フィルムの層間密着性について測定した。なお、負極電位耐久性については、セパレーターと層1が接触するように作用極を設置したときの、銅箔と比較した負極電位に達するまでの時間を測定した。また、正極電位耐久試験においては、セパレーターと層2が接触するように作用極を設置したときのb/aを算出した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例19の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例19の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、層2のフィルムを合成例15の単層フィルムから合成例2の単層フィルムに変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例13において、合成例15の単層フィルムから合成例2の単層フィルムに変えた以外は、実施例13と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
なお、層1の溶媒遮断性は、実施例13における層1の溶媒遮断性と同じである。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例20の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例20の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例21の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例21の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例22の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例22の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例23の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例23の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例24の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例24の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例25の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例25の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例26の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得た。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例26の分散液を使用した以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例27の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得、各種物性等を評価した。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例27の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
実施例12において、合成例18の分散液を合成例28の分散液に変えた以外は、実施例12と同様の方法で複層導電性フィルムを得た。
層1の溶媒遮断性は、合成例29において、合成例18の分散液の代わりに合成例28の分散液を使用するようにした以外は、合成例29と同様の手順で得られた単層フィルムを用いて測定した。
2.Oリング
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Claims (23)
- 脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1および導電性粒子1を含有する導電性材料からなる層1、並びに、正極電位に耐久性を有する材料からなる層2を有する、複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1が、シクロオレフィン由来の構造単位を主鎖に有する、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1が、縮合環構造の脂環式構造を有する、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1が、ノルボルネン系重合体および/またはその水素添加物である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1が、ノルボルネン系モノマーの開環重合体、ノルボルネン系モノマーの開環重合体の水素添加物、ノルボルネン系モノマーの付加重合体、および、ノルボルネン系モノマーとビニル系単量体との付加共重合体、からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性粒子1が、炭素系導電性粒子または金属元素を含有する導電性粒子である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性粒子1が、金属元素を含有する導電性粒子である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記金属元素が、白金、金、銀、銅、ニッケルおよびチタンからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項7に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性材料が、導電性粒子1および脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1を、重量比で、導電性粒子1:脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1=1:99~99:1の範囲で含有する、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性材料が、絶縁性板状無機粒子を含む請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記絶縁性板状無機粒子が、アスペクト比が5以上の板状である、請求項10に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記絶縁性板状無機粒子の含有量が、脂環式構造を有する高分子材料1の100重量部に対して1~200重量部である、請求項10に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記正極電位に耐久性を有する材料が、正極電位に耐久性を有する高分子材料2および導電性粒子2を含有する導電性材料である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記高分子材料2が、芳香族ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミドおよびポリアミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項13に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記導電性粒子2が炭素系導電性粒子である、請求項13に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 前記正極電位に耐久性を有する材料が、高分子材料2および導電性粒子2を、重量比で、高分子材料2:導電性粒子2=50:50~99:1の範囲で含有する、請求項13に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 厚みが1~100μmである、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 厚み方向の単位面積あたりの電気抵抗が10Ω・cm2以下である、請求項1に記載の複層導電性フィルム。
- 請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の複層導電性フィルムを含む、集電体。
- 請求項19に記載の集電体を含む、電池。
- 双極型電池である、請求項20に記載の電池。
- 請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の複層導電性フィルム、
前記複層導電性フィルムの一方側の面に電気的に接続される負極活物質層、
前記複層導電性フィルムの他方側の面に電気的に接続される正極活物質層、並びに、
前記複層導電性フィルム、前記正極活物質層および前記負極活物質層からなる双極型電池用電極と交互に積層される電解質層、
を有し、
前記正極活物質層が前記複層導電性フィルムの層2に接してなる、双極型電池。 - 正極活物質がリチウムと遷移金属との複合酸化物を含み、負極活物質がリチウムと遷移金属との複合酸化物および/またはカーボンを含む、請求項22に記載の双極型電池。
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RU2563842C2 (ru) | 2015-09-20 |
KR101956564B1 (ko) | 2019-03-11 |
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MX2013013538A (es) | 2013-12-16 |
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TWI549344B (zh) | 2016-09-11 |
BR112013029877A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
EP2716448A4 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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