WO2012141111A1 - 研磨剤および研磨方法 - Google Patents
研磨剤および研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012141111A1 WO2012141111A1 PCT/JP2012/059588 JP2012059588W WO2012141111A1 WO 2012141111 A1 WO2012141111 A1 WO 2012141111A1 JP 2012059588 W JP2012059588 W JP 2012059588W WO 2012141111 A1 WO2012141111 A1 WO 2012141111A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- silicon oxide
- fine particles
- oxide fine
- abrasive
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 400
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 169
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 28
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- -1 silicon alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
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- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02002—Preparing wafers
- H01L21/02005—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H01L21/02008—Multistep processes
- H01L21/0201—Specific process step
- H01L21/02024—Mirror polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abrasive and a polishing method for polishing a surface to be polished of an object to be polished.
- silicon oxide fine particles have been used for final polishing to determine the quality of these single crystal substrates.
- polishing efficiency polishing rate
- two or more types of abrasive grains having different particle diameters are mixed at a specific ratio to increase the abrasive concentration ( Patent Document 1), increasing the polishing pressure / rotation speed, and the like have been proposed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and provides an abrasive and a polishing method capable of performing polishing with higher efficiency while maintaining a polished surface of a polishing object with high quality. Objective.
- the present invention provides an abrasive for polishing a surface to be polished of an object to be polished having the following configuration.
- the ratio of the first silicon oxide fine particles to the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles, including silicon oxide fine particles and water, is 0.7% by mass or more and less than 60% by mass.
- the abrasive according to [1], wherein the average primary particle diameter of the second silicon oxide fine particles is 45 to 110 nm.
- the present invention also provides a polishing method for polishing a surface to be polished of an object to be polished having the following configuration.
- the polishing pad includes a base material layer and a surface that is in contact with the surface to be polished of the object to be polished disposed on the main surface of the base material layer.
- the polishing method according to [7] wherein the polishing pad has a surface layer having a large number of micropores extending in the vertical direction.
- the abrasive of the present invention and the polishing method using the same, it is possible to perform polishing with high efficiency while maintaining the polished surface of the object to be polished with high quality.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a polishing apparatus that can be used in the polishing method of the present invention.
- 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagrams showing measurement points when evaluating roll-off (surface sagging) of a substrate edge portion of an object polished by the abrasive of the present invention in Examples. is there.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing pressure and the polishing rate when the surface to be polished is polished using the polishing agent obtained in the example.
- the abrasive according to the present invention is an abrasive for polishing a surface to be polished of an object to be polished, the first silicon oxide fine particles having an average primary particle diameter of 5 to 30 nm, and the average primary particle diameter of 40 to
- the ratio of the first silicon oxide fine particles to the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles is 0.7% by mass, including 125 nm second silicon oxide fine particles and water. More than 60% by mass.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles are used as abrasive grains.
- the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the average primary particle diameter of the second silicon oxide fine particles are within the above ranges, respectively, and blended into the abrasive at the above blending ratio, thereby polishing.
- the abrasive grains having these two kinds of particle sizes interact with each other in the direction of increasing the polishing property, and a high polishing rate is obtained.
- the abrasive grains that are the first silicon oxide fine particles are separated by interacting with the second silicon oxide fine particles or acting alone in addition to the effect as the abrasive grains.
- the effect of appears Specifically, agglomeration suppression during circulation use, pH change inhibition of abrasive during circulation use, smoothness improvement of the object to be polished, roll-off (surface sagging) of the substrate edge of the object to be polished, Examples thereof include an improvement in the increase rate of the polishing rate when the polishing pressure is increased and an increase in the increase rate of the polishing rate when heat is applied.
- the polishing agent containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles when the polishing agent containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles is circulated, the second silicon oxide fine particles are aggregated by the object to be polished acting like a paste.
- the first oxidation is performed during circulation use.
- the second silicon oxide fine particles can be prevented from aggregating with each other, and the first silicon oxide fine particles function as an aggregation inhibitor.
- the abrasive containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles causes a change in pH of the abrasive when the object to be polished is taken into the abrasive during circulation.
- the first oxidation is performed during circulation use. Due to the effect of the buffering action due to the large specific surface area of the silicon fine particles, fluctuations in pH can be suppressed, and the first silicon oxide fine particles function as a pH fluctuation inhibitor.
- the smoothness of an object to be polished is greatly influenced by the particle diameter of particles contained in an abrasive as abrasive grains.
- the particle size is large, damage such as scratches tends to occur, and the smoothness tends to deteriorate.
- the smoothness tends to be improved. Therefore, in the polishing agent containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles, the smoothness is deteriorated for the above reason, whereas the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the average primary particle of the second silicon oxide fine particles are deteriorated.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles have a large specific surface area and a large number of particles, so that the contact probability with the surface to be polished is increased. Since the chance of contact with the polished surface more uniformly increases, the smoothness can be improved, and the first silicon oxide fine particles function as a smoothness improver.
- roll-off may be referred to as surface sagging.
- surface sagging the surface sagging of the substrate edge portion of an object to be polished is strongly influenced by the particle size of particles contained as abrasive grains in the abrasive. It tends to be worse as the particle size is larger, and tends to be improved by reducing the particle size.
- the polishing agent containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles the surface sagging deteriorates due to the above reason, whereas the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the average primary particle of the second silicon oxide fine particles
- the diameters of which are in the above ranges and blended in the above blending ratio the first silicon oxide fine particles have a large specific surface area and a large number of particles, so that the contact probability with the surface to be polished is increased.
- the polishing rate is proportional to the processing pressure and the rotational speed (relative speed) during processing, as represented by the following Preston equation.
- the Preston coefficient is affected by the material and composition of the polishing pad and the abrasive, the wear characteristics of the object to be polished, and the like.
- M / t ⁇ pv (M: polishing amount, t: polishing time, ⁇ : Preston coefficient, p: processing pressure, v: relative speed)
- the Preston coefficient is affected by the polishing agent composition, and the polishing is performed with the relative speed calculated from the number of rotations during processing fixed. From the change in the polishing rate with respect to the pressure, the Preston coefficient specific to the abrasive composition can be estimated. Similarly, with the processing pressure fixed, the Preston coefficient specific to the abrasive composition can be estimated from the change in the polishing rate relative to the relative speed.
- the polishing agent containing only the second silicon oxide fine particles increases the polishing speed proportionally in the low pressure region when the polishing object is polished by increasing the polishing pressure with the relative speed fixed. When polishing is performed in the raised high pressure region, the increase rate of the polishing rate is remarkably reduced.
- the Preston coefficient specific to the abrasive composition is remarkably reduced in the high pressure region, and that the Preston coefficient cannot be maintained from low pressure to high pressure.
- the polishing pressure is increased.
- the increase in the polishing rate is maintained from the low pressure to the high pressure region. That is, the Preston coefficient is maintained from low pressure to high pressure.
- the reason for this is not clear, but in the case of only the second silicon oxide fine particles, the energy of the load applied in the high pressure region is difficult to be transmitted to the substrate through the particles due to the bearing effect due to the rotation of the particles themselves, and the polishing rate is low. The rise is hindered.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles are included, the first silicon oxide fine particles are given in a high pressure region by suppressing the bearing effect of the second silicon oxide fine particles.
- the load energy can be efficiently transmitted to the substrate. That is, the first silicon oxide fine particles have an effect of maintaining the Preston coefficient specific to the abrasive composition from low pressure to high pressure, and function as a Preston coefficient maintaining agent for the polishing rate.
- the polishing agent of the present invention in which the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the average primary particle diameter of the second silicon oxide fine particles are within the above ranges and are blended in the above blending ratio, heat is applied.
- the increase in the polishing rate is improved by the effect of increasing the number of particles that come into contact with the surface to be polished and the activation of the chemical reaction between the particle surface and the substrate surface because the movement of particles increases.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles function as a thermal response improver.
- polishing agent of this invention is demonstrated.
- first silicon oxide fine particles and second silicon oxide fine particles are the same silicon oxide fine particles except that the average primary particle diameter is different. Both can be used, and those produced by various known methods can be used. For example, fumed silica obtained by vapor phase synthesis of silicon tetrachloride in an oxygen and hydrogen flame, colloidal silica obtained by ion exchange or neutralization of sodium silicate, or colloidal silica obtained by hydrolyzing silicon alkoxide in the liquid phase, etc. And silicon oxide fine particles.
- the colloidal silica which uses sodium silicate as a starting material from a viewpoint of the diversity of a kind is more preferable.
- the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles contained in the abrasive of the present invention is 5 to 30 nm as described above, preferably 5 to 15 nm, more preferably 7 to 13 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the first silicon oxide fine particles is less than 5 nm, it is difficult to obtain, and when it exceeds 30 nm, the expected polishing rate cannot be obtained.
- the average primary particle diameter of the second silicon oxide fine particles contained in the abrasive of the present invention is 40 to 125 nm as described above, and preferably 45 to 110 nm.
- the polishing rate expected to be an average primary particle diameter of the second silicon oxide fine particles of less than 40 nm cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 125 nm, a polishing rate can be obtained, but the roughness of the sapphire surface becomes rough, resulting in a product. May be a problem.
- the average primary particle diameter of the silicon oxide fine particles is a value obtained by converting a specific surface area measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET method into a diameter of a spherical particle.
- the blending ratio of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles in the polishing agent of the present invention is as described above with respect to the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles.
- 1 is a blending ratio in which the proportion of silicon oxide fine particles is 0.7% by weight or more and less than 60% by weight.
- the blending ratio is preferably 1 to 55% by weight, more preferably 3 to 50% by weight. is there. If this proportion is less than 0.7% by mass, the expected polishing rate cannot be obtained, and if it is 60% by mass or more, gelation is promoted and the life is shortened.
- the content of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles in the abrasive of the present invention is the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles, and is based on the total mass of the abrasive. It is preferable to set as appropriate in consideration of the polishing rate, uniformity, material selectivity, dispersion stability and the like within a range of 50% by mass or less.
- the total content of the first and second silicon oxide fine particles in the abrasive of the present invention is more preferably 20% by mass or less, and still more preferably 15% by mass or less.
- the total content of the first and second silicon oxide fine particles exceeds 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the abrasive, an improvement in the polishing rate commensurate with the increase in the abrasive concentration is not recognized, and the abrasive In some cases, the viscosity of the toner increases excessively, or the gelation of the abrasive is promoted.
- the total mass of the abrasive It is preferable to set it as 0.01 mass% with respect to.
- the total content of the first and second silicon oxide fine particles is less than 0.01% by mass with respect to the total mass of the abrasive, a sufficient polishing rate may not be obtained.
- the total content of the first and second silicon oxide fine particles in the abrasive of the present invention is particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the abrasive from the viewpoint of polishing rate and economy.
- the abrasive of the present invention is a medium for dispersing the first and second silicon oxide fine particles, which are abrasive grains, and for dispersing and dissolving other optional components added as necessary.
- the medium in the abrasive of the present invention is preferably composed only of water, but may contain an organic solvent that is compatible with water if necessary. Specific examples of such an organic solvent include alcohols such as ethanol, ketones such as acetone, and ethers. Although there is no restriction
- the water as a medium in the abrasive of the present invention has a function of controlling the fluidity of the abrasive, its content should be appropriately set according to the target polishing characteristics such as the polishing rate and flattening characteristics. Can do.
- water is preferably contained in the range of 50 to 99.99% by mass with respect to the total mass of the abrasive. If the water content is less than 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the abrasive, the viscosity of the abrasive may become high and the fluidity may be impaired. If it exceeds 99.99% by mass, the abrasive grains are the above.
- the concentration of the first and second silicon oxide fine particles becomes low and a sufficient polishing rate cannot be obtained.
- the medium contains an organic solvent or the like in addition to water in the abrasive of the present invention, the content of water is treated as the content of the entire medium.
- the polishing agent of the present invention contains the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles of (1), which are contained as essential components, and water of (2), for example. It can be prepared by weighing and mixing so as to achieve the above blending amount.
- colloidal silica is used as the first and second silicon oxide fine particles
- the colloidal silica is supplied in a state where the silicon oxide fine particles are dispersed in water in advance. Therefore, it is possible to prepare the abrasive of the present invention by simply mixing the colloidal silica containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the colloidal silica containing the second silicon oxide fine particles at a desired ratio and diluting with water as appropriate. .
- the polishing agent of the present invention includes the colloidal silica containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the colloidal silica containing the second silicon oxide fine particles diluted with water, and the diluted first silicon oxide fine particles.
- Colloidal silica and colloidal silica containing the diluted second silicon oxide fine particles may be mixed in an abrasive tank of a polishing apparatus so as to have the above blending amount.
- colloidal silica containing diluted first silicon oxide fine particles and colloidal silica containing diluted second silicon oxide fine particles are prepared in separate tanks, and an abrasive is supplied from each tank to the polishing apparatus. They may be mixed in the pipe so as to have the above blending amount, or they may be supplied from each tank onto the polishing pad using separate pipes and mixed on the polishing pad.
- polishing agent for normal chemical mechanical polishing contains in addition to the essential component of said (1), (2).
- the optional component include abrasive pH adjusters, buffers, chelating agents, lubricants, abrasive particle dispersants, biocides, and the like.
- acids include inorganic acids such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid, saturated carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, lactic acid and apple Hydroxy acids such as acid and citric acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and salicylic acid, dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid, glycine and alanine Organic acids such as amino acids and heterocyclic carboxylic acids can be used.
- inorganic acids such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid
- saturated carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid
- lactic acid and apple Hydroxy acids such as acid and citric acid
- aromatic carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid and salicylic acid
- Basic compounds include quaternary ammonium compounds such as ammonia, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine, di-amine, -N-propylamine, tri-n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, valerylamine, isovalerylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, ⁇ -phenylethylamine, ⁇ - Phenylethylamine, ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, tetramethylene hydroxide Aniline, methylaniline, dimethylaniline, o-
- chelating agents include amino acids such as glycine and alanine, polyaminocarboxylic acid chelating compounds, and organic phosphonic acid chelating compounds. Specifically, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, 1,3-propanediaminetetraacetic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, Nitrilotris (methylenephosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, phosphonohydroxyacetic acid, hydroxyethyldimethylenephosphonic acid, aminotrismethylenephosphonic acid, ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, hexamethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphon An acid, phytic acid, etc. are mentioned.
- anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants polysaccharides, water-soluble polymers and the like can be used.
- the surfactant there are an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group as a hydrophobic group, and a linking group such as an ester group, an ether, an amide, etc., an acyl group, an alkoxyl group, etc. in the hydrophobic group.
- polysaccharides examples include alginic acid, pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, curdlan, pullulan, xanthan gum, carrageenan, gellan gum, locust bean gum, gum arabic, tamarind, and psyllium.
- water-soluble polymer polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polystyrene sulfonic acid and the like can be used.
- the abrasive of the present invention maintains the relationship of the present invention relating to the blending ratio of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles in the abrasive within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- Silicon oxide fine particles having an average primary particle diameter other than the silicon oxide fine particles may be included.
- the polishing agent of the present invention is a polishing agent for polishing the surface to be polished of the polishing object, and is not particularly limited as a polishing object. Specific examples include a glass substrate, a silicon wafer, a semiconductor device wiring substrate, and a compound single crystal substrate. Among these, the abrasive of the present invention can have a greater effect when polishing a compound single crystal substrate. Particularly, when used for a single crystal substrate having a modified Mohs hardness of 10 or higher, The effect of enabling high-speed polishing at a higher level while maintaining quality can be expected more greatly.
- the single crystal substrate having the modified Mohs hardness of 10 or more include a sapphire ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ) substrate (hardness: 12), a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate (hardness: 13), and gallium nitride (GaN). Examples thereof include a substrate (hardness: 13).
- polishing agent of this invention is preferably used especially for grinding
- polishing method As a method of polishing the surface to be polished of the object to be polished using the polishing agent of the present invention, the surface to be polished and the polishing pad of the object to be polished are brought into contact with each other while supplying the abrasive to the polishing pad.
- a polishing method in which polishing is performed by the relative motion is preferable.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a polishing apparatus that can be used in the embodiment of the present invention, which will be described below.
- the polishing apparatus used in the embodiment of the present invention is limited to such a structure. is not.
- the polishing apparatus 10 supplies a polishing head 2 that holds an object 1 to be polished, a polishing surface plate 3, a polishing pad 4 attached to the surface of the polishing surface plate 3, and an abrasive 5 to the polishing pad 4. And an abrasive supply pipe 6.
- the polishing apparatus 10 brings the polishing surface of the object 1 held by the polishing head 2 into contact with the polishing pad 4 while supplying the polishing agent 5 from the polishing agent supply pipe 6, and the polishing head 2 and the polishing surface plate 3. And are relatively rotated to perform polishing.
- the polishing surface of the object 1 can be polished using such a polishing apparatus 10.
- the polishing apparatus 10 is a polishing apparatus that polishes one surface of an object to be polished as a surface to be polished.
- a double-sided simultaneous polishing apparatus in which polishing pads similar to the polishing apparatus 10 are disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the object to be polished. It can also be used to polish the surface to be polished (both surfaces).
- the abrasive discharged from the polishing surface plate 3 and the polishing pad 4 attached to the surface of the polishing surface plate 3 by the rotational motion is recovered, and this is again supplied from the abrasive supply pipe 6 to the polishing pad 4. You may supply and use.
- the polishing head 2 may move linearly as well as rotationally. Further, the polishing surface plate 3 and the polishing pad 4 may be as large as or smaller than the polishing object 1. In that case, it is preferable that the entire surface of the object to be polished 1 can be polished by relatively moving the polishing head 2 and the polishing surface plate 3. Furthermore, the polishing surface plate 3 and the polishing pad 4 do not have to perform rotational movement, and may move in one direction, for example, by a belt type.
- the pad conditioner may be brought into contact with the surface of the polishing pad 4 to perform polishing while conditioning the surface of the polishing pad 4.
- the polishing pad 4 may be made of a general nonwoven fabric, foamed polyurethane, porous resin, non-porous resin, or the like. Further, in order to promote the supply of the polishing agent 5 to the polishing pad 4 or to collect a certain amount of the polishing agent 5 on the polishing pad 4, the surface of the polishing pad 4 has a lattice shape, a concentric circle shape, a spiral shape, or the like. Groove processing may be performed.
- the polishing pad 4 includes a substrate layer and a surface that comes into contact with the surface to be polished of a polishing object disposed on the main surface of the substrate layer.
- a polishing pad having a laminated structure having a surface layer (hereinafter, referred to as “porous surface layer”) having a large number of micropores that are opened in the direction and extending in the thickness direction is preferably used.
- a polishing pad having a laminated structure having such a porous surface layer is generally called a suede type polishing pad, and is a polishing pad that is known to be used particularly for finish polishing of semiconductors.
- the Shore A hardness (hereinafter simply referred to as “Shore A hardness”) measured according to JIS K 6253-1997 in the porous surface layer. ) Is preferably 65 or less, and the Shore A hardness in the porous surface layer is more preferably 60 or less, and even more preferably 50 or less. If the Shore A hardness in the porous surface layer of the polishing pad exceeds 65, the expected polishing rate may not be obtained. Moreover, 1 is mentioned as a minimum value of the Shore A hardness in the porous surface layer of a polishing pad. Manufacturing a polishing pad with a Shore A hardness of less than 1 is difficult with current technology.
- the polishing pad having a laminated structure having the porous surface layer it is preferable to use a polishing pad having an average pore diameter of 65 ⁇ m or less of the micropores of the porous surface layer.
- the average pore diameter of the micropores possessed by is more preferably 55 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 45 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 40 ⁇ m or less. If the average pore diameter of the micropores of the porous surface layer of the polishing pad exceeds 65 ⁇ m, the expected polishing rate may not be obtained.
- 1 micrometer is mentioned as a lower limit of the average hole diameter of the fine hole which the porous surface layer of a polishing pad has.
- the average pore diameter means an opening existing within a certain measurement area obtained by image analysis from a photomicrograph of the surface of the porous surface layer that contacts the surface to be polished of the object to be polished. Means the average diameter of the holes.
- the thickness of the porous surface layer in the polishing pad having a laminated structure having the porous surface layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above characteristics, and it depends on the type of abrasive used, the polishing conditions, and the like. Can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the micropores possessed by the porous surface layer are preferably mainly composed of the porous surface layer having the same length as that of the porous surface layer, that is, extending through the porous surface layer in the thickness direction. .
- a base layer usually possessed by a general suede type polishing pad can be applied without particular limitation.
- Specific examples include nonwoven fabrics such as polyester filled with polyurethane resin, polyurethane foam sheets, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets, and the like.
- the porous surface layer can be typically composed of a polyurethane resin, but is not limited thereto. Since such a polishing pad is commercially available with various variations in material, Shore A hardness, average pore diameter, and the like, such a commercially available product can be appropriately selected and used in the present invention.
- the polishing conditions of the polishing apparatus 10 are not particularly limited, but by applying a load to the polishing head 2 and pressing it against the polishing pad 4, it is possible to increase the polishing pressure and improve the polishing rate.
- the polishing pressure depends on the material constituting the surface to be polished, the composition of the polishing agent, and the type of polishing pad, but is preferably about 10 to 50 kPa, and the polishing surface uniformity of the polishing object 1 at the polishing rate, flatness, From the viewpoint of preventing polishing defects such as scratches, about 10 to 40 kPa is more preferable.
- the number of rotations of the polishing surface plate 3 and the polishing head 2 is preferably about 50 to 500 rpm, but is not limited thereto.
- the supply amount of the abrasive 5 is appropriately adjusted and selected depending on the material constituting the surface to be polished, the composition of the abrasive, the above polishing conditions, etc. For example, when polishing a wafer having a diameter of 50 mm, A supply amount of about 5 to 300 cm 3 / min is preferable.
- Examples 1 to 14 are examples, and examples 15 to 20 are comparative examples.
- Example 1 Colloidal silica having an average primary particle size of 10 nm as the first silicon oxide fine particles (an aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 40% by mass of the first silicon oxide fine particles) and an average primary particle size of 80 nm as the second silicon oxide fine particles.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles occupying the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles in the above colloidal silica (the aqueous dispersion of the second silicon oxide fine particles having a solid concentration of 40% by mass).
- the mixture was mixed at a ratio such that the ratio was 5% by mass and sufficiently stirred.
- the average primary particle size was converted from the specific surface area measured using the BET method.
- the total mass of the abrasive finally obtained that is, the first mass with respect to the total mass of the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles and the content of water
- a polishing agent was prepared by adding ion-exchanged water so that the total amount of the silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles was 1% by mass.
- the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles are abrasive components.
- Table 1 shows the average primary particle diameter and blending ratio of each silicon oxide fine particle with respect to the abrasive component composed of the first silicon oxide fine particle and the second silicon oxide fine particle in the abrasive obtained in Example 1 above. .
- the content (mass%) of the abrasive component (total of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles) and the water content (mass%) with respect to the total mass of the abrasive are also shown.
- the average primary particle diameter of the silicon oxide fine particles blended in the abrasive is a value obtained by measuring the specific surface area by the nitrogen adsorption BET method.
- the average primary particle diameter of the silicon oxide fine particles used in each example is a value obtained by measuring in the same manner.
- Examples 2 to 20 In the same manner as in Example 1, the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having an average primary particle size shown in Table 1 were blended as abrasive components so as to have the composition shown in Table 1, Water was added so that the total amount of the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles relative to the total mass, that is, the blending amount of the abrasive component became the amount (mass%) shown in Table 1, The abrasives of Examples 2 to 20 were prepared. The silicon oxide fine particles used are all colloidal silica.
- ⁇ Polished object> As the object to be polished, a 2-inch wafer of a single crystal sapphire substrate (manufactured by Shinko, (0001) plane, substrate thickness of 420 ⁇ m) was used.
- ⁇ Polishing pad> As a polishing pad, four types of suede pads having different Shore A hardnesses and / or average pore diameters as described below, that is, a base material layer and the single crystal sapphire substrate disposed on the main surface of the base material layer Any of the polishing pads having a surface layer in contact with the surface to be polished and having a surface layer having a large number of micropores opened in the surface and extending in the thickness direction was used.
- Pad B Shore A hardness: 18, average pore diameter: 38 ⁇ m
- Pad C Shore A hardness: 18, average pore diameter: 60 ⁇ m
- Pad D Shore A hardness: 60, average aperture diameter: 12 ⁇ m
- ⁇ Polishing method> As a polishing machine, a table polishing apparatus manufactured by SPEEDFAM was used. The polishing pad was conditioned with a brush before testing.
- the polishing was carried out at a polishing agent supply speed of 10 cm 3 / min, a polishing plate speed of 60 rpm, a polishing pressure of 3 psi, ie 20.7 kPa, and a polishing time of 15 minutes. Moreover, after grinding
- the polishing rate was evaluated by the amount of change in the thickness of the substrate per unit time ( ⁇ m / hr). Specifically, for the single crystal sapphire substrate used for the above evaluation, the mass of an unpolished substrate with a known thickness and the substrate mass after polishing for each time are measured, and the mass change is obtained from the difference, and further the mass The change per time of the thickness of the board
- the polishing agent containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameters of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention has a polishing rate as compared with the abrasive of the comparative example. Is big. In the polishing test, the polished surface of any single crystal sapphire substrate was polished with high quality.
- a polishing machine As a polishing machine, a table polishing apparatus manufactured by SPEEDFAM was used. The polishing pad was conditioned with a brush before testing. The polishing agent supply speed was 200 cm 3 / min, the rotation speed of the polishing platen was 90 rpm, the polishing pressure was 5 psi, that is, 34.5 kPa, and the polishing time was 60 minutes, 180 minutes, and 240 minutes. Moreover, the abrasive
- polishing waste concentration [mass%] (substrate weight after polishing [g] ⁇ substrate weight before polishing [g]) / mass of polishing agent (after polishing) [g] ⁇ 100
- the abrasive of Example 5 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameters of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention, is a comparative example.
- polishing agent of Example 18 even when it contains the polishing waste derived from a to-be-polished object, (DELTA) D95 is small and aggregation of an abrasive grain is suppressed well.
- the abrasive of Example 5 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameter of the present invention in the mixing ratio of the present invention is the abrasive of Example 18 which is a comparative example.
- the value of ⁇ pH is small even when polishing waste derived from the object to be polished is contained. That is, the abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameters of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention suppresses the deterioration of the performance of the abrasive due to circulation, and exhibits good polishing performance. It can be said that it can be held for a long time.
- ⁇ Polished object> As the object to be polished, a 2-inch wafer of a single crystal sapphire substrate (manufactured by Shinko, (0001) plane, substrate thickness of 420 ⁇ m) was used. ⁇ Polishing pad> Suba800XY-Groove (manufactured by Nitta Haas), which is a non-woven fabric, was used.
- a polishing machine As a polishing machine, a table polishing apparatus manufactured by SPEEDFAM was used. The polishing pad was conditioned with a brush before testing. Polishing was performed at a supply rate of 200 cm 3 / min, a rotation speed of the polishing platen of 90 rpm, a polishing pressure of 5 psi, that is, 34.5 kPa, and a polishing time of 60 minutes. The abrasive was used in circulation.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing the entire polished object (substrate) 1 after polishing, and measurement of the surface sagging state of the edge portion was performed at the edge portion on the polished surface 11 side.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the edge portion on the polished surface 11 side. E in FIG.
- the edge of the object to be polished (substrate) that existed before polishing.
- the position of the edge (E) is obtained by defining that the surface 11 to be polished is flat from the position of 2 mm inward to the position of 4 mm inward from the assumed edge position. Using the position of the edge (E) as a reference (0 mm), the length to the position where the end of the substrate actually exists is measured in the thickness direction (h) and the width direction (x), and the value of the sagging It was.
- the abrasive of Example 5 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameters of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention is a comparative example.
- the Ra value of the surface to be polished of the object to be polished obtained when the object to be polished is polished is small.
- the abrasive of Example 5 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameter of the present invention in the mixing ratio of the present invention is the abrasive of Example 18 which is a comparative example.
- the abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameter according to the present invention in the blending ratio according to the present invention finishes the surface to be polished of the object to be polished with high quality with high polishing accuracy. Is possible.
- ⁇ Polished object> As the object to be polished, a 2-inch wafer of a single crystal sapphire substrate (manufactured by Shinko, (0001) plane, substrate thickness of 420 ⁇ m) was used. ⁇ Polishing pad> Suba800XY-Groove (manufactured by Nitta Haas), which is a non-woven fabric, was used.
- ⁇ Polishing method> As a polishing machine, a table polishing apparatus manufactured by SPEEDFAM was used. The polishing pad was conditioned with a brush before testing. For each polishing agent, the polishing agent supply speed was 10 cm 3 / min, the rotation speed of the polishing platen was 90 rpm, and the polishing pressure was 5 psi, ie 34.5 kPa, and 10 psi, ie 69.0 kpa. It went twice. The polishing time was 15 minutes in both cases, and the abrasive was used by pouring.
- the pressure dependency of the abrasive is as follows, when the polishing pressure is 0 psi and 5 psi (low pressure region), and when 5 psi and 10 psi (high pressure region). It is obtained by dividing the difference in polishing rate ( ⁇ polishing rate) in the region by the difference in pressure conditions ( ⁇ pressure). It can be said that the larger this value, the stronger the pressure dependency.
- the polishing rate [ ⁇ m / hr] was determined by the amount of change in substrate thickness per unit time in the same manner as described above. The polishing rate was 0 when the polishing pressure was 0 psi. Furthermore, the Preston coefficient in each pressure region was calculated from these results and the above formula.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing pressure [psi] and the polishing rate [ ⁇ m / hr] when the above polishing is performed using the abrasives of Examples 5 and 18.
- the abrasive of Example 5 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameter of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention, is a comparative example. It can be seen that the pressure dependency is higher than that of the abrasive of Example 18. Further, as shown in Table 4, the abrasive of Example 5 has a substantially constant slope in the range from the low pressure region to the high pressure region in the graph shown in FIG.
- ⁇ Polished object> As the object to be polished, a 2-inch wafer of a single crystal sapphire substrate (manufactured by Shinko, (0001) plane, substrate thickness of 420 ⁇ m) was used. ⁇ Polishing pad> As a polishing pad, the same pad A (Shore A hardness: 18, average pore diameter: 30 ⁇ m, suede pad) used in [Evaluation 1] was used.
- polishing machine As a polishing machine, a table polishing apparatus manufactured by SPEEDFAM was used. The polishing pad was conditioned with a brush before testing. Polishing was carried out at a polishing agent supply speed of 10 cm 3 / min, a polishing plate speed of 60 rpm, a polishing pressure of 3 psi, ie 20.7 kPa, and a polishing time of 15 minutes. The abrasive was used by pouring. In each polishing agent, polishing was performed twice when the temperature of the polishing pad was fixed at around 22 ° C. and when it was fixed at around 27 ° C.
- the temperature dependency of the abrasive is as follows.
- the difference in polishing rate ( ⁇ polishing rate) between the case where the polishing pad temperature is fixed at around 22 ° C. and the case where the polishing pad is fixed at around 27 ° C. is the difference in temperature conditions ( ⁇ It is obtained by dividing by (temperature). It can be said that the larger the value, the stronger the temperature dependency.
- the polishing rate [ ⁇ m / hr] was determined by the amount of change in substrate thickness per unit time in the same manner as described above.
- Example 8 which is an abrasive containing the first silicon oxide fine particles and the second silicon oxide fine particles having the particle diameters of the present invention in the blending ratio of the present invention is the same as that of Example 16 which is a comparative example. It can be seen that the temperature dependency is higher than that of the abrasive.
- an object to be polished particularly a single crystal substrate having a high hardness such as a sapphire ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ) substrate, a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, or the like.
- a single crystal substrate having a high hardness such as a sapphire ( ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 ) substrate, a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, or the like.
- SiC silicon carbide
- GaN gallium nitride
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Abstract
Description
[1]研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨するための研磨剤であって、平均一次粒子径が5~30nmの第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、平均一次粒子径が40~125nmの第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、水とを含み、かつ前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が0.7質量%以上60質量%未満である研磨剤。
[2]前記第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の平均一次粒子径が45~110nmである前記[1]に記載の研磨剤。
[4]前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が1~55質量%である前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の研磨剤。
[5]前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が3~50質量%である前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の研磨剤。
[6]研磨剤全質量に対する前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量の割合が0.01~50質量%である前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の研磨剤。
[7]研磨剤を研磨パッドに供給し、研磨対象物の被研磨面と前記研磨パッドとを接触させて、両者間の相対運動により研磨する方法であって、前記研磨剤として前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の研磨剤を使用する研磨方法。
[8]前記研磨パッドが、基材層と、前記基材層の主面上に配設された前記研磨対象物の被研磨面と接触する表面を備え、該表面で開孔し、かつ厚さ方向に伸長した多数の微細孔を有する表面層と、を有する研磨パッドである前記[7]に記載の研磨方法。
[9]前記研磨パッドの表面層におけるJIS K 6253に準じて測定したショアA硬度が1~65である前記[8]に記載の研磨方法。
[10]前記表面層が有する微細孔の平均開孔径が1~65μmである前記[8]または[9]に記載の研磨方法。
[研磨剤]
本発明に係る研磨剤は、研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨するための研磨剤であって、平均一次粒子径が5~30nmの第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、平均一次粒子径が40~125nmの第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、水とを含み、かつ前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が0.7質量%以上60質量%未満である。
M/t=ηpv (M:研磨量、t:研磨時間、η:プレストン係数、p:加工圧力、v:相対速度)
以下、本発明の研磨剤を構成する各要素について説明する。
本発明の研磨剤において、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子は平均一次粒子径が異なる以外は同様の酸化ケイ素微粒子を使用でき、ともに種々の公知の方法で製造されるものを使用できる。例えば、四塩化ケイ素を酸素と水素の火炎中で気相合成したヒュームドシリカやケイ酸ナトリウムをイオン交換、もしくは中和後脱塩したコロイダルシリカまたはケイ素アルコキシドを液相で加水分解したコロイダルシリカ等の酸化ケイ素微粒子が挙げられる。これらのうちでも、本発明の研磨剤においては、品種の多様性の観点からケイ酸ナトリウムを出発原料とするコロイダルシリカがより好ましい。
さらに、本発明の研磨剤における第1および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計含有量は、研磨速度と経済性の観点から研磨剤全質量に対して1~10質量%の範囲が特に好ましい。
本発明の研磨剤は、研磨砥粒である上記第1および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を分散させるとともに、その他必要に応じて添加される任意成分を分散・溶解するための媒体として水を含有する。本発明の研磨剤における上記媒体は、好適には水のみで構成されるが、必要に応じて水とともに水と相溶性の有機溶剤を含有してもよい。このような有機溶剤として、具体的にはエタノール等のアルコール類、アセトン等のケトン類、およびエーテル類が挙げられる。水については特に制限はないが、他の配合成分に対する影響、不純物の混入、pH等への影響から、純水または脱イオン水が好ましい。
なお、本発明の研磨剤において媒体が水の他に有機溶剤等を含有する場合には、上記水の含有量が、媒体全体の含有量として扱われる。
本発明の研磨剤は、必須成分として含有する上記(1)の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、(2)の水を、例えば、上記配合量となるように秤量し、混合することにより調製できる。
ここで、上記第1および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子として、ともにコロイダルシリカを用いた場合、コロイダルシリカはあらかじめ酸化ケイ素微粒子が水に分散した状態で供給される。このため、上記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子を含むコロイダルシリカと、上記第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を含むコロイダルシリカを所望の割合で混合し、適宜水によって希釈するだけで本発明の研磨剤として調製できる。
界面活性剤としては、疎水基として、脂肪族炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基を有し、またそれら疎水基内にエステル、エーテル、アミド等の結合基、アシル基、アルコキシル基等の連結基が1つ以上導入された基を有し、親水基として、カルボン酸、スルホン酸、硫酸エステル、リン酸、リン酸エステル、アミノ酸から誘導される基を有する化合物を使用できる。
水溶性高分子としては、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアスパラギン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミン、ポリスチレンスルホン酸等を使用できる。
本発明の研磨剤は、研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨するための研磨剤であり、研磨対象物としては特に制限されない。具体的には、ガラス基板、シリコンウェハ、半導体デバイス配線基板、化合物単結晶基板等が挙げられる。これらのうちでも本発明の研磨剤は、化合物単結晶基板を研磨する際により大きな効果を上げることが可能であり、特に、修正モース硬度による硬度が10以上の単結晶基板に用いることで、高品質を維持しながらより高い水準での高速研磨研を可能とする効果がより大きく期待できる。
本発明の研磨剤を用いて、研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨する方法としては、研磨剤を研磨パッドに供給しながら、研磨対象物の被研磨面と研磨パッドとを接触させ、両者間の相対運動により研磨を行う研磨方法が好ましい。
このような研磨パッドは、材質やショアA硬度、平均開孔径等が多様なバリエーションをもって市販されているので、このような市販品を適宜選択して本発明に使用できる。
第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子として平均一次粒子径が10nmのコロイダルシリカ(第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の固形分濃度40質量%の水分散液)と、第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子として平均一次粒子径が80nmのコロイダルシリカ(第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の固形分濃度40質量%の水分散液)を、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の配合割合が5質量%となるような割合で混合し、十分に撹拌した。平均一次粒子径はBET法を用いて測定した比表面積から換算した。
得られた混合液に、最終的に得られる研磨剤の全質量、すなわち、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量と水の含有量との合計質量に対する、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量が、1質量%となるように、イオン交換水を添加して研磨剤を調製した。得られた研磨剤においては、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子が砥粒成分である。
なお、研磨剤に配合した酸化ケイ素微粒子の平均一次粒子径は、窒素吸着BET法により比表面積を測定して得られた値である。以下、各例に用いた酸化ケイ素微粒子の平均一次粒子径は全て同様の方法で測定して得られた値である。
例1と同様にして表1に示す平均一次粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子とを砥粒成分として表1に示す組成となるように配合し、さらに研磨剤の全質量に対する、第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量、すなわち砥粒成分の配合量が、表1に示す量(質量%)となるように水を添加して、例2~例20の研磨剤を調製した。なお、用いた酸化ケイ素微粒子は全てコロイダルシリカである。
上記で得られた例1~例20の研磨剤の研磨特性を以下の方法により評価した。研磨特性の評価としては、各種研磨パッドを用いて研磨剤を掛け流し使用した際の研磨速度の評価を行った。結果を併せて表1に示す。
被研磨物として、単結晶サファイア基板の2インチウェハ(信光社製、(0001)面、基板の厚み420μm)を使用した。
研磨パッドとして、以下のそれぞれにショアA硬度および/または平均開孔径が異なる4種類のスエードパッド、すなわち、基材層と、この基材層の主面上に配設された上記単結晶サファイア基板の被研磨面と接触する表面を備え該表面で開孔し、かつ厚さ方向に伸長した多数の微細孔を有する表面層と、を有する研磨パッドのいずれかを用いた。
パッドA …ショアA硬度:18、平均開孔径:30μm
パッドB …ショアA硬度:18、平均開孔径:38μm
パッドC …ショアA硬度:18、平均開孔径:60μm
パッドD …ショアA硬度:60、平均開孔径:12μm
研磨機としては、SPEEDFAM社製卓上研磨装置を使用した。研磨パッドは試験前にブラシを用いてコンディショニングを行った。
研磨速度は、単位時間当たりの基板の厚さの変化量(μm/hr)で評価した。具体的には、上記の評価に用いた単結晶サファイア基板について、厚みが既知の未研磨基板の質量と各時間研磨した後の基板質量とを測定し、その差から質量変化を求め、更に質量変化から求めた基板の厚みの時間当たりの変化を下記の式を用いて算出した。
Δm=m0-m1
V=Δm/m0 × T0 × 60/t
(式中、Δm(g)は研磨前後の質量変化、m0(g)は未研磨基板の初期質量、m1(g)は研磨後基板の質量、Vは研磨速度(μm/hr)、T0は未研磨基板の基板厚み(μm)、tは研磨時間(min)を表す。)
上記で得られた例5および例18の研磨剤について、循環使用することで研磨剤が被研磨物の研磨くずを含有した場合の、砥粒の凝集状態(D95)およびpHへの影響を以下の方法で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
<被研磨物>
被研磨物として、単結晶サファイア基板の2インチウェハ(信光社製、(0001)面、基板の厚み420μm)を使用した。
<研磨パッド>
不織布であるSuba800XY-Groove(ニッタハース社製)を用いた。
研磨機としては、SPEEDFAM社製卓上研磨装置を使用した。研磨パッドは試験前にブラシを用いてコンディショニングを行った。研磨剤の供給速度を200cm3/分、研磨定盤の回転数は90rpmとし、研磨圧を5psiすなわち34.5kPa、研磨時間は60分間、180分間、240分間として行った。また、研磨剤は循環で使用した。
研磨剤を所定の時間(60分間、180分間、240分間)循環使用した後に、研磨使用後の研磨剤に含有される被研磨物の研磨くず濃度を質量法により以下の式で算出した。
研磨くず濃度[質量%]=(研磨後の基板質量[g]-研磨前の基板質量[g])/研磨剤(研磨使用後)の質量[g]×100
上記例5の研磨剤および例18の研磨剤について、それぞれ研磨使用前と、上記所定の時間研磨使用した後の被研磨物の研磨くずを含有した状態において、動的光散乱法を用いたマイクロトラック社製のUPA150を使用して粒度分布の測定を行った。得られた粒度分布からD95(粒度分布における積算値95%時の粒子径を意味する。)について、研磨使用前後におけるD95の差、ΔD95を以下の式により算出した。
ΔD95[nm]=被研磨物の研磨くずを含有した研磨使用後の研磨剤のD95[nm]-研磨使用前の研磨剤のD95[nm]
また、上記例5の研磨剤および例18の研磨剤について、それぞれ研磨使用前と、上記所定の時間研磨使用した後の被研磨物の研磨くずを含有した状態において、YOKOGAWA Electric Corporation社製のModelpH81を使用してpH測定を行った。得られたpH測定値から、研磨使用前後におけるpHの差、ΔpHを以下の式により算出した。
ΔpH=研磨使用前の研磨剤のpH-被研磨物の研磨くずを含有した研磨使用後の研磨剤のpH
また、本発明の粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を本発明の配合割合で含有する研磨剤である例5の研磨剤は、比較例である例18の研磨剤に比べて、被研磨物由来の研磨くずを含有した場合でもΔpHの値が小さい。
すなわち、本発明の粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を本発明の配合割合で含有する研磨剤は循環使用による研磨剤の性能低下が抑制され、良好な研磨性能を長時間保持できるといえる。
上記で得られた例5および例18の研磨剤について、研磨精度を以下の方法で評価した。すなわち、これらの研磨剤を用いて以下の研磨を行った際に、得られた被研磨面の研磨状態、具体的には、表面粗さ(Ra:算術平均粗さ)および基板エッジ部のロールオフ(面ダレ)の状態を、以下の方法で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
被研磨物として、単結晶サファイア基板の2インチウェハ(信光社製、(0001)面、基板の厚み420μm)を使用した。
<研磨パッド>
不織布であるSuba800XY-Groove(ニッタハース社製)を用いた。
研磨機としては、SPEEDFAM社製卓上研磨装置を使用した。研磨パッドは試験前にブラシを用いてコンディショニングを行った。研磨は、研磨剤の供給速度を200cm3/分、研磨定盤の回転数は90rpmとし、研磨圧を5psiすなわち34.5kPa、研磨時間は60分間として行った。また研磨剤は循環で使用した。
光学計測機器を用いて上記研磨後の被研磨物のRaを測定した。機器はCanon社製のZygoを使用した。
上記研磨後の被研磨物(基板)のエッジ部のロールオフ(面ダレ)を評価するために、光学計測機器(Canon社製のZygo)を用いて、図2に示す通り、厚さ方向におけるダレの量(h)および幅方向におけるダレの量(x)を測定した。図2(a)は、研磨後の被研磨物(基板)1の全体を示す斜視図であり、エッジ部の面ダレ状態の測定は、被研磨面11側のエッジ部において行った。図2(b)は、被研磨面11側のエッジ部を拡大した図である。図2(b)におけるEは、研磨前に存在した被研磨物(基板)のエッジを示す。エッジ(E)の位置は、想定されるエッジの位置から内側に2mmの位置から、同様に内側に4mmの位置までの間の被研磨面11が平坦であると定義して求められる。エッジ(E)の位置を基準(0mm)として、実際に基板の端部が存在する位置までの長さを、厚さ方向(h)および幅方向(x)で測定して、それぞれダレの値とした。
また、本発明の粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を本発明の配合割合で含有する研磨剤である例5の研磨剤は、比較例である例18の研磨剤に比べて、被研磨物を研磨した際に得られる被研磨物のエッジ部における厚さ方向および幅方向におけるダレが少ない。
すなわち、本発明の粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を本発明の配合割合で含有する研磨剤は、研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨精度よく高品質に仕上げることが可能である。
上記で得られた例5および例18の研磨剤について、被研磨物を研磨した場合の圧力依存性を以下の方法で評価した。結果を表4に示す。
被研磨物として、単結晶サファイア基板の2インチウェハ(信光社製、(0001)面、基板の厚み420μm)を使用した。
<研磨パッド>
不織布であるSuba800XY-Groove(ニッタハース社製)を用いた。
研磨機としては、SPEEDFAM社製卓上研磨装置を使用した。研磨パッドは試験前にブラシを用いてコンディショニングを行った。研磨は、各研磨剤について、研磨剤の供給速度を10cm3/分、研磨定盤の回転数は90rpmとし、研磨圧を5psiすなわち34.5kPaとした場合と、10psiすなわち69.0kpaとした場合の2回行った。研磨時間はともに15分間とし、研磨剤は掛け流しで使用した。
研磨剤の圧力依存性は、以下の通り、研磨圧を0psiとした場合と5psiとした場合(低圧領域時)、および、5psiとした場合と10psiとした場合(高圧領域時)、の各圧力領域時における研磨速度の差(Δ研磨速度)を圧力条件の差(Δ圧力)で除することで求められる。この値が大きいほど圧力依存性が強いといえる。なお、研磨速度[μm/hr]は、上記と同様にして、単位時間当たりの基板の厚さの変化量で求めた。また、研磨圧を0psiとした場合の研磨速度は0とした。
さらに、これらの結果と上記式から各圧力領域時におけるプレストン係数を算出した。
低圧領域時のΔ研磨速度[μm/hr]=5psiで研磨したときの研磨速度[μm/hr]-0psiで研磨した時の研磨速度[μm/hr]
低圧領域時のΔ圧力[psi]=5psi-0psi
低圧領域時の研磨剤の圧力依存性=低圧領域時の(Δ研磨速度/Δ圧力)
(高圧領域時の圧力依存性)
高圧領域時のΔ研磨速度[μm/hr]=10psiで研磨したときの研磨速度[μm/hr]-5psiで研磨した時の研磨速度[μm/hr]
高圧領域時のΔ圧力[psi]=10psi-5psi
高圧領域時の研磨剤の圧力依存性=高圧領域時の(Δ研磨速度/Δ圧力)
表4および図3から、本発明の粒子径の第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子および第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子を本発明の配合割合で含有する研磨剤である例5の研磨剤は、比較例である例18の研磨剤に比べて、圧力依存性が高いことがわかる。また、例5の研磨剤は、表4に示す通り、また図3に示すグラフにおいて低圧領域から高圧領域の範囲で傾きが略一定であり、プレストン係数が低圧領域から高圧領域の広い範囲でも維持されることが分かる。一方、比較例である例18の研磨剤では、表4に示す通り、また図3に示すグラフにおいて低圧領域に比べ高圧領域で傾きが非常に小さくなっており、高圧領域においてプレストン係数が維持できないことが分かる。
上記で得られた例8および例16の研磨剤について、被研磨物を研磨した場合の温度依存性について以下の方法で評価した。結果を表5に示す。
被研磨物として、単結晶サファイア基板の2インチウェハ(信光社製、(0001)面、基板の厚み420μm)を使用した。
<研磨パッド>
研磨パッドとして、上記[評価1]で用いたのと同様なパッドA(ショアA硬度:18、平均開孔径:30μm、スエードパッド)を用いた。
研磨機としては、SPEEDFAM社製卓上研磨装置を使用した。研磨パッドは試験前にブラシを用いてコンディショニングを行った。研磨は、研磨剤の供給速度を10cm3/分、研磨定盤の回転数は60rpmとし、研磨圧を3psiすなわち20.7kPa、研磨時間は15分間として行った。また研磨剤は掛け流しで使用した。なお、各研磨剤において、研磨パッドの温度を22℃付近に固定した場合と、27℃付近に固定した場合の2回の研磨を行った。
研磨剤の温度依存性は、以下の通り、研磨パッドの温度を22℃付近に固定した場合と、27℃付近に固定した場合の研磨速度の差(Δ研磨速度)を温度条件の差(Δ温度)で除することで求められる。この値が大きいほど温度依存性が強いといえる。なお、研磨速度[μm/hr]は、上記と同様にして、単位時間当たりの基板の厚さの変化量で求めた。
Δ研磨速度[μm/hr]=定盤の温度を高温(27℃付近)に保ち研磨したときの研磨速度[μm/hr]-定盤の温度を低温(22℃付近)に保ち研磨した時の研磨速度[μm/hr]
Δ温度=高温(27℃付近の実測値)-低温(22℃付近の実測値)
研磨剤の温度依存性=Δ研磨速度/Δ温度
本出願は、2011年4月11日出願の日本特許出願2011-087384及び2011年12月21日出願の日本特許出願2011-279183に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- 研磨対象物の被研磨面を研磨するための研磨剤であって、
平均一次粒子径が5~30nmの第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、平均一次粒子径が40~125nmの第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子と、水とを含み、かつ前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が0.7質量%以上60質量%未満である研磨剤。 - 前記第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の平均一次粒子径が45~110nmである請求項1に記載の研磨剤。
- 前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の平均一次粒子径が5~15nmである請求項1または2に記載の研磨剤。
- 前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が1~55質量%である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の研磨剤。
- 前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量に占める前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子の割合が3~50質量%である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の研磨剤。
- 研磨剤全質量に対する前記第1の酸化ケイ素微粒子と第2の酸化ケイ素微粒子の合計量の割合が0.01~50質量%である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の研磨剤。
- 研磨剤を研磨パッドに供給し、研磨対象物の被研磨面と前記研磨パッドとを接触させて、両者間の相対運動により研磨する方法であって、
前記研磨剤として請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の研磨剤を使用する研磨方法。 - 前記研磨パッドが、
基材層と、
前記基材層の主面上に配設された前記研磨対象物の被研磨面と接触する表面を備え、該表面で開孔し、かつ厚さ方向に伸長した多数の微細孔を有する表面層と、
を有する研磨パッドである請求項7に記載の研磨方法。 - 前記研磨パッドの表面層におけるJIS K 6253に準じて測定したショアA硬度が1~65である請求項8に記載の研磨方法。
- 前記表面層が有する微細孔の平均開孔径が1~65μmである請求項8または9に記載の研磨方法。
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