WO2012120600A1 - 電力変換装置および冷凍空調システム - Google Patents
電力変換装置および冷凍空調システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012120600A1 WO2012120600A1 PCT/JP2011/055102 JP2011055102W WO2012120600A1 WO 2012120600 A1 WO2012120600 A1 WO 2012120600A1 JP 2011055102 W JP2011055102 W JP 2011055102W WO 2012120600 A1 WO2012120600 A1 WO 2012120600A1
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- commutation
- conversion device
- power conversion
- switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0051—Diode reverse recovery losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device and a refrigeration air conditioning system using the same.
- variable voltage / variable frequency inverter As the variable voltage / variable frequency inverter is put into practical use, application fields of various power converters have been developed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a power conversion device and a refrigerating and air-conditioning system that can ensure high efficiency and high reliability without using a new device having a large current capacity.
- a power conversion device includes a power supply unit, a boost unit that boosts a voltage supplied from the power supply unit by switching control, and the boost unit.
- the present invention it becomes possible to control the reverse current to be applied to the rectifier after the forward current flowing in the rectifier as the backflow preventing element is commutated to the commutation means side, and the recovery current of the rectifier This is advantageous in that it is possible to achieve a highly reliable and highly efficient power conversion device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram for describing an operation mode in the power conversion device.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram for describing an operation mode in the power conversion device.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram for describing an operation mode in the power conversion device.
- FIG. 2D is a diagram for describing an operation mode in the power conversion device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the commutation control operation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the switch control means.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a modification of the switch control means shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit illustrated in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control operation using a sawtooth wave signal.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control operation using a sawtooth wave signal.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the forward current and the recovery current.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the forward current and the recovery current.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between current and OFS1.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between current and OFS2.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and this power conversion device is used in, for example, a refrigeration air conditioning system.
- this power conversion device is used in, for example, a refrigeration air conditioning system.
- the power conversion apparatus includes a power supply 1 that supplies power, a booster circuit 2 that boosts the power supplied from the power supply 1, and a booster circuit 2 or commutation means described later. 4, a smoothing circuit 3 that smoothes the output voltage 4, a commutation means 4 that commutates the current flowing through the booster circuit 2 to different paths at a necessary timing, and a voltage that has been smoothed by the smoothing circuit 3 is detected.
- the commutation signal transmission unit 8 that transmits the drive signal Sb (also referred to as a commutation signal) of the commutation unit 4 generated from the unit 6 to the commutation unit 4, and a load 9 that is connected to the subsequent stage of the smoothing circuit 3.
- a current detection element 1 for detecting the current flowing through the booster circuit 2 When it is configured to include a current detecting unit 11 for converting the result of detection by the current detecting element 10 to the control unit 6 the format of signals available, the.
- the current detection element 10 an ACCT (current transformer) or a DCCT (using a Hall element / Hall IC or the like) is mainly used.
- the current detection unit 11 includes an amplification circuit, a level shift circuit, a filter circuit, and the like for taking in the value detected by the current detection element 10 as an appropriate value (Idc) that can be processed in the control unit 6. Is done.
- the current detection unit 11 may be omitted as appropriate when the function is included in the control unit 6. When current control is not performed (when applied to a device that does not require control in consideration of the current value flowing through the booster circuit 2), the current detection element 10 and the current detection unit 11 may be omitted as appropriate. .
- the booster circuit 2 includes a reactor 21 connected to the positive side of the power source 1, a switch 22 that is a switching element connected to the subsequent stage, and a rectifier 23 that is a backflow prevention element (point B side: anode side, point C side: Cathode side).
- the reactor 21 may be connected to the negative side of the power source 1.
- the open / closed state of the switch 22 is operated by the drive signal SA input from the drive signal transmission unit 7.
- the booster circuit 2 boosts the input power from the power supply 1 according to the ratio (duty ratio) between the on time and off time of the drive signal SA.
- the drive signal transmission unit 7 is usually configured by a buffer, a logic IC, a level shift circuit, and the like. However, when the function of the drive signal transmission unit 7 is included in the control unit 6, it may be omitted as appropriate. In that case, the drive signal Sa generated from the control unit 6 directly performs the opening / closing operation of the switch 22 as the drive signal SA.
- the commutation means 4 includes a transformer 41, a rectifier 42 connected in series with the transformer 41, and a transformer drive circuit 43 that drives the transformer 41.
- the primary side and secondary side windings of the transformer 41 have the same polarity.
- the secondary winding of the transformer 41 is connected in series with the rectifier 42.
- the rectifier 42 is connected in parallel with the rectifier 23 of the booster circuit 2.
- the rectifier 42 operates as a backflow prevention element in the commutation means 4.
- the transformer drive circuit 43 includes a power supply 45 and a switch 44 for driving the transformer 41, for example.
- a limiting resistor, high frequency capacitor, snubber circuit, protection circuit, etc. into the path of the primary winding of the power supply 45, switch 44 and transformer 41 as necessary. Also good.
- the transformer 41 is not provided with a reset winding for resetting the excitation current, but if necessary, a reset winding is added to the primary winding, and a rectifier or the like is further provided. It may be provided to regenerate excitation energy to the power supply side. In this way, high efficiency can be achieved.
- the open / close state of the switch 44 is operated by the commutation signal SB input from the commutation signal transmission unit 8.
- the commutation signal transmission unit 8 is generally configured by a buffer, a logic IC, a level shift circuit, and the like, like the drive signal transmission unit 7. However, when the function of the commutation signal transmission unit 8 is included in the control unit 6, it may be omitted as appropriate. In that case, the commutation signal Sb generated from the control unit 6 directly performs the opening / closing operation of the switch 44 as the commutation signal SB.
- the voltage detection unit 5 includes a level shift circuit using a voltage dividing resistor. If necessary, an analog / digital converter may be added so that the control unit 6 can calculate the detection value.
- control unit 6 controls the booster circuit 2 and the commutation unit 4.
- the control unit 6 can be configured by a microcomputer, an arithmetic device such as a digital signal processor, or a device having the same function therein.
- control unit 6 has the same functions as the drive signal transmission unit 7 and the commutation signal transmission unit 8 (the drive signal transmission unit 7 and the commutation signal transmission unit 8). The explanation will be made on the assumption that the is omitted.
- the operation of the power conversion device of the present embodiment is obtained by adding the commutation operation of the rectifier to the boost chopper. There are a total of four operation modes corresponding to the combination of the open / close states of the switch 22 and the switch 44. It is assumed that the recovery characteristic of the rectifier 42 is better than the recovery characteristic of the rectifier 23.
- the energy storage operation by opening and closing the switch 22 follows the boost chopper. Therefore, when the switch 22 repeatedly performs switching at the on time T on and the off time T off , the average voltage E c represented by the following equation (1) is obtained at the point C shown in FIG.
- the voltage of the power supply 1 is assumed to be a DC power supply E1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the commutation control operation performed in the power conversion apparatus. Specifically, the drive signal Sa (drive signal for controlling the booster circuit 2) and the drive signal output from the control unit 6 are illustrated. The relationship between Sb (commutation signal for controlling the commutation means 4) and the current waveforms I 1 to I 5 shown in FIG. 1 is shown. Note that the output signals Sa and Sb from the control unit 6 have the HI side as the active direction (ON direction). Further, the control unit 6 controls each waveform in a state after a sufficient time has elapsed after the power source 1 is turned on, that is, the on time and the off time of the drive signal Sa so that the load 9 and the output voltage Vdc become a constant output. Shows the state after.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the ratio (duty ratio) between the on time and the off time of the drive signal Sa is substantially constant.
- the ratio of the on time to the off time is constant.
- the ratio (duty ratio) between the ON time and OFF time of the drive signal Sa when the DC voltage is controlled to be constant by proportional integral control or the like may be adjusted.
- an example of a waveform when the pulse width of Sb is fixed is shown. The case where the pulse width of Sb is variable will be described separately.
- I 3 I 4 + I 5 (3)
- the point A and the point D are brought into conduction, so the point B potential is substantially equal to the point D potential (the points A and B have the same potential).
- the switch 22 when an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a field effect transistor (FET), or the like is used as the switch 22, the ON voltage of these elements is the potential difference between the point B and the point D (the potential at the point B is a power source). 1 is almost equal to the negative potential).
- the smoothing circuit 3 keeps the C-point potential almost in the charged potential state (charge potential of the capacitor constituting the smoothing circuit 3). Therefore, at this time, the potential difference reverse bias between the point C and the point B is applied to the rectifier 23, and the rectifier 23 shifts to an off operation.
- the control unit 6 turns on the commutation signal Sb of the commutation means 4 in a predetermined period immediately before turning on the drive signal Sa. Thereby, the current flowing through the rectifier 23 is commutated to the commutation means 4 side (commutated to the rectifier 42 via the transformer 41) (see FIG. 2D).
- the rectifier 42 uses an element that can repeatedly withstand a peak current but has a small current capacity (rating) (an element having a high withstand voltage but a small current capacity).
- a smaller element has a smaller amount of stored carriers than an element having a larger current capacity. Therefore, the smaller the current capacity, the shorter the time until reverse recovery, and the recovery current also decreases. Further, the amount of accumulated carriers in the rectifier depends on the magnitude of the forward current. Further, the recovery current decreases as the applied reverse bias voltage decreases. From the above, recovery that flows from the rectifier 23 to the path of the switch 22 by turning on the commutation signal Sb and turning the current flowing through the rectifier 23 to the rectifier 42 side before turning on the drive signal Sa. Current can be reduced.
- the rectifier 42 may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor such as SiC, GaN, or diamond. Since the wide band gap semiconductor has lower conduction loss and switching loss than a conventional semiconductor (non-wide band gap semiconductor), the power conversion device can be made more efficient. In addition, since the wide band gap semiconductor has high voltage resistance and high allowable current density, the rectifier can be miniaturized. By using these miniaturized rectifiers, the equipment can be miniaturized.
- the duty ratio of the drive signal Sa is shown to be constant.
- the output of the booster circuit is appropriately changed because the generated induced voltage differs depending on the rotational frequency of the electric motor. It may be possible to operate with high efficiency.
- the ratio (duty ratio) of the ON time and OFF time of the drive signal Sa is adjusted as appropriate. This adjustment process is performed in the control unit 6. For example, using a controller that performs proportional integral (PI) control, the actual output voltage Vdc obtained by the voltage detector 5 and the target voltage Vdc * (command value) set in the controller 6 are input. Realized by performing proportional integral control.
- PI proportional integral
- Vdc and Vdc * are substantially the same except for the steady-state deviation.
- Vdc * may be mapped as an internal memory, and the value may be changed according to the driving situation. Further, it may be stored in the outside and read into the control unit 6 to perform control.
- the reference signal (duty) of the drive signal Sa may be generated in consideration of the current value Idc obtained by the current detection element 10.
- This adjustment process is performed in the control unit 6. For example, using two controllers that perform proportional-integral control, first, in the first controller, the actual output voltage Vdc obtained by the voltage detection unit 5 and the target voltage Vdc set in the control unit 6 are used. Proportional integral control is performed with * (command value) as an input, and current command value Idc * is output. Next, the second controller receives the current command value Idc * and the current detection value Idc, performs feedback control so that the actual output current Idc approaches the target value Idc *, and sets the ON time of the drive signal Sa. Correct and set sequentially.
- Vdc and Idc are almost the target values after a predetermined time has elapsed (except for the steady-state deviation). Further, by appropriately adjusting Idc * according to the power supply voltage, it is possible to improve the power supply power factor and suppress the high-frequency current.
- the controller may perform PID control in combination with the differential operation depending on the situation.
- Idc * it is also possible to map Idc * as an internal memory and change the value according to the driving situation. That is, instead of obtaining Idc * by proportional integral control using the output voltage Vdc and the target voltage Vdc * (command value) or the like, a plurality of Idc * are prepared and Idc * corresponding to the operating situation is used. It may be. Further, it may be stored in the outside and read into the control unit 6 to perform control. Further, the control may be performed with an alternative amount such as electric power instead of the current.
- the method of performing the commutation operation from the side of the drive signals of the switch 22 and the switch 44 has been shown.
- the actual opening / closing speed of the switch 22 and the switch 44 varies depending on the type of element and various conditions of the drive circuit (such as constant setting of the gate peripheral circuit). Therefore, even when the rise timing (ON timing) of the drive signal Sb (SB) of the switch 44 and the fall timing (OFF timing) of the drive signal Sa (SA) of the switch 22 are the same timing, the actual switch 44 and The opening / closing timing of the switch 22 does not necessarily match.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of switch control means for generating switch drive signals (drive signals Sa and Sb).
- This switch control means is provided in the control unit 6.
- the switch control means shown in FIG. 4 includes reference signal generation units 201 1 to 201 3 that generate different levels of reference signals (fixed reference values), a triangular wave signal generation unit 202 that generates a triangular wave signal, and state storage permission.
- a state storage permission signal generation unit 203 that generates a signal (details will be described later), comparators 211 1 to 211 3 that compare two systems of input signals, a logic inversion unit 221, an AND operation unit 222, and a state storage unit And a logical operation means 220 comprising 223.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control unit having the configuration illustrated in FIG. Details of the switch drive signal generation operation in the switch control means will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5A.
- the reference signal generation units 201 1 , 201 2 , and 201 3 respectively have a reference signal S1 (first reference signal) and a reference signal S2 (second signal) as threshold values. Reference signal) and reference signal S3 (third reference signal) are generated. It is assumed that the relationship is S3 ⁇ S1 ⁇ S2 (see FIG. 5A).
- the triangular wave signal generation unit 202 generates a triangular wave signal Sc.
- the state storage permission signal generation unit 203 generates a state storage permission signal Sx that outputs HI in the first half section (valley to mountain section) of the triangular wave signal Sc and outputs LO in the second half section (mountain to valley section). To do.
- FIG. 5A an example in which HI and LO are repeatedly output in a half-circle section of the triangular wave signal is shown.
- a device such as a refrigeration air conditioning system
- a load 9 can be changed flexibly.
- the comparator 211 1 generates the drive signal Sa based on the first reference signal S1 and the triangular wave signal Sc. Specifically, the triangular wave signal Sc and the first reference signal S1 are compared, and when Sc is S1 or more (Sc ⁇ S1), the drive signal Sa is set to HI output (ON). On the other hand, when Sc is smaller than S1 (Sc ⁇ S1), the drive signal Sa is set to LO output (OFF).
- the comparator 211 2 generates a signal Sy based on the second reference signal S2 and the triangular wave signal Sc. Specifically, the triangular wave signal Sc and the second reference signal S2 are compared, and if Sc is equal to or greater than S2 (Sc ⁇ S2), the signal Sy is set as the HI output. On the other hand, when Sc is smaller than S2 (Sc ⁇ S2), the signal Sy is set to LO output. Further, the comparator 211 3 generates the signal Sz based on the third reference signal S3 and the triangular wave signal Sc.
- the triangular wave signal Sc and the third reference signal S3 are compared, and if Sc is equal to or greater than S3 (Sc ⁇ S3), the signal Sz is set as the HI output. On the other hand, when Sc is smaller than S3 (Sc ⁇ S3), the signal Sz is set to LO output.
- the logical operation means 220 generates the commutation signal Sb based on the signals Sx, Sy and Sz. More specifically, first, generates a signal logic inversion section 221 inverts the output signal Sy of the comparator 211 2 (in the drawing are represented by adding " ⁇ " to "Sy"), then , aND operation section 222 compares the input signal from the comparator 211 3 and the input signal from the logic inverting unit 221 (signal obtained by inverting the Sy) (Sz), the output signal Sd when both inputs are HI Is set to HI, and in other cases, the output signal Sd is set to LO output.
- a signal logic inversion section 221 inverts the output signal Sy of the comparator 211 2 (in the drawing are represented by adding " ⁇ " to "Sy)
- aND operation section 222 compares the input signal from the comparator 211 3 and the input signal from the logic inverting unit 221 (signal obtained by inverting the Sy) (Sz
- the state storage unit 223 receives the logical change of the output signal Sd of the AND operation unit 222 in a section where the output signal Sx of the state storage permission signal generation unit 203 is HI, and holds and outputs the state. That is, when Sd changes to HI in the above section, the commutation signal Sb is changed to HI, and when Sd changes to LO, the commutation signal Sb is changed to LO. In other sections, the state of the commutation signal Sb is not changed.
- a D latch circuit or the like may be used for the state storage unit 223.
- the on / off timing of the drive signal Sa of the booster circuit 2 and the drive signal Sb of the commutation means 4 can be changed in a relatively simple manner. Further, not only can the active change timing of the drive signal Sa (change timing from LO ⁇ HI) and the off timing of the drive signal Sb of the commutation means 4 (change timing from HI ⁇ LO) be synchronized, but also the drive signal The on / off timing of Sa and Sb can be finely adjusted.
- the difference value between the first reference signal S1 and the third reference signal S3 (shown in FIG. 5A).
- OFS1 and the difference value (OFS2 shown in FIG. 5A) between the first reference signal S1 and the second reference signal S2 may be adjusted.
- the value of the reference signal S1 may be adjusted.
- the value of the second reference signal S2 and the value of the third reference signal S3 may be adjusted.
- FIG. 5B shows control when it is desired to turn off the drive signal Sb without delay (when it is desired to match the off timing of the drive signal Sb with the on timing of the drive signal Sa).
- the off timing of the drive signal Sb and the on timing of the drive signal Sa can be matched.
- the current flowing through the booster circuit 2 is not required to be commutated to the commutation means 4 before the drive signal Sa is turned on and the switch 22 is closed depending on operating conditions (driving).
- the drive signal Sb can be always turned off by overlapping all the reference signals S1, S2, and S3 (set OFS1 and OFS2 to 0).
- the on / off timing of the drive signals Sa and Sb can be changed by a relatively simple method.
- recommutation due to variations in drive circuit / switch element characteristics can be prevented, and the recovery current can be suppressed with high reliability.
- the switch control means shown in FIG. 4 adjusts the on / off timing of the drive signal Sa of the booster circuit 2 and the drive signal Sb of the commutation means 4 by using a plurality of reference signals.
- the same timing adjustment can be realized by using a plurality of triangular wave signals. An example in which timing adjustment is performed using a plurality of triangular wave signals is shown below.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a modification of the switch control means shown in FIG.
- the switch control means includes a reference signal generation unit 201 that generates a reference signal, triangular wave signal generation units 202 1 to 202 3 that generate different triangular wave signals, and a state storage permission signal generation unit 203 that generates a state storage permission signal.
- comparators 212 1 to 212 3 that compare two systems of input signals, and a logical operation means 220 including a logical inversion unit 221, a logical product operation unit 222, and a state storage unit 223.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing an example of a drive signal generated by the switch control means having the configuration shown in FIG.
- the reference signal generator 201 is, for example, those reference signal generating unit 201 1 of the switch control means shown in FIG. 4 is produced
- the same reference signal S1 is generated.
- the triangular wave signal generation units 202 1 , 202 2 , and 202 3 respectively have a triangular wave signal Sc1 (first triangular wave signal), a triangular wave signal Sc2 (second triangular wave signal), and a triangular wave signal Sc3 (third triangular wave signal). Is generated. It is assumed that each triangular wave signal has a fixed amplitude and period and the same phase, and has a relationship of Sc3 ⁇ Sc1 ⁇ Sc2.
- the state storage permission signal generation unit 203 generates a state storage permission signal Sx similar to the state storage permission signal generation unit 203 of the switch control unit shown in FIG.
- the comparator 212 1 generates the drive signal Sa based on the first triangular wave signal Sc1 and the reference signal S1. Specifically, the first triangular wave signal Sc1 and the reference signal S1 are compared, and when Sc1 is S1 or more (Sc1 ⁇ S1), the drive signal Sa is set to HI output (ON). On the other hand, when Sc1 is smaller than S1 (Sc1 ⁇ S1), the drive signal Sa is set to LO output (OFF).
- the comparator 212 2 generates a signal Sy based on the second triangular wave signal Sc2 and the reference signal S1. Specifically, the second triangular wave signal Sc2 is compared with the reference signal S1, and when Sc2 is equal to or greater than S1 (Sc2 ⁇ S1), the signal Sy is set as the HI output. On the other hand, when Sc2 is smaller than S1 (Sc2 ⁇ S1), the signal Sy is set to LO output. Further, the comparator 212 3, generates a signal Sz based on the third triangular wave signal Sc3 and the reference signal S1.
- the third triangular wave signal Sc3 is compared with the reference signal S1, and when Sc3 is equal to or greater than S1 (Sc3 ⁇ S1), the signal Sz is set as the HI output. On the other hand, when Sc3 is smaller than S1 (Sc3 ⁇ S1), the signal Sz is set to LO output.
- the logic operation means 220 generates the commutation signal Sb based on the signals Sx, Sy and Sz. This operation is the same as the operation performed by the logical operation means 220 of the switch control means shown in FIG.
- the triangular wave signals Sc2 and Sc3 are offset with respect to Sc1, or an arbitrary time width (in FIG. 7A, the time width of Sc1 and Sc3 is ⁇ T1, and the time width of Sc1 and Sc3 is ⁇ T2.
- the on / off timing of the switch drive signals Sa and Sb can be adjusted.
- the triangular wave signals Sc1, Sc2, Sc3 may be set to have the relationship shown in FIG. 7B. That is, by overlapping the first triangular wave signal Sc1 and the second triangular wave signal Sc2 ( ⁇ T2 is set to 0), the off timing of the drive signal Sb and the on timing of the drive signal Sa can be synchronized. Further, when it is not necessary to commutate the current flowing through the booster circuit 2 to the commutation means 4 before the drive signal Sa is turned on and the switch 22 is closed (the drive signal Sb is turned on and the switch 44 is closed). When not necessary), the drive signal Sb can be always turned off by overlapping all the triangular wave signals Sc1, Sc2, and Sc3 ( ⁇ T1 and ⁇ T2 are set to 0).
- FIGS. 4 and 6 are diagrams showing an example of a control operation using a sawtooth wave signal.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which a sawtooth wave signal is used instead of the triangular wave signal in the switch control means shown in FIG. 4, and
- FIG. 9 shows a case where the switch control means shown in FIG. The example at the time of using a sawtooth wave signal is shown.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing an example of a control operation using a sawtooth wave signal.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which a sawtooth wave signal is used instead of the triangular wave signal in the switch control means shown in FIG. 4
- FIG. 9 shows a case where the switch control means shown in FIG. The example at the time of using a sawtooth wave signal is shown.
- the state storage permission signal generation unit 203 sets the state storage permission signal Sx to the off state in the vicinity of the falling edge of the sawtooth wave signal and turns it on in the other sections.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be changed flexibly according to, for example, the operation specifications of the equipment connected as the load 9.
- the optimum operating time of the commutation means 4 varies depending on the operating state and system specifications.
- the pulse width of the commutation signal Sb varies depending on the required specifications of the system.
- the commutation time to the commutation means 4 can be changed flexibly according to the magnitude of the load current, the switching speed of the switch 22, and the element characteristics of the rectifier 23, so that the commutation operation more suitable for the system can be performed. realizable.
- the commutation time when it is changed according to the magnitude of the load current, it may be as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- FIG. 11A shows the relationship between the current (current that can be observed by the current detection element 10 shown in FIG. 1) and OFS1 (offset value indicating the difference between the reference signals S1 and S3 when the control shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is performed).
- OFS1 offset value indicating the difference between the reference signals S1 and S3 when the control shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is performed.
- FIG. 11A shows the relationship between the current (current that can be observed by the current detection element 10 shown in FIG. 1) and OFS1 (offset value indicating the difference between the reference signals S1 and S3 when
- 11B has shown an example of the relationship between an electric current and OFS2 (offset value which shows the difference of reference signal S1 and S2).
- the relationship between the current and each offset value may be obtained in advance by the performance or simulation of each device constituting the circuit.
- a more efficient system can be constructed by changing so that the pulse width of the commutation signal Sb increases as the load current increases.
- a booster circuit that boosts a DC voltage supplied from a power source and a rectifier in the booster circuit are connected in parallel, and the current flowing through the rectifier is supplied as desired.
- a commutation means capable of commutation at a timing
- a control unit that controls the booster circuit and the commutation means.
- the control unit supplies a current (forward current) flowing through the rectifier to the commutation means side. Control is performed so that a reverse bias is applied to the rectifier after commutation. Thereby, the recovery current of the rectifier can be suppressed and an increase in circuit loss due to the recovery current can be prevented. As a result, a highly reliable and highly efficient power conversion device can be realized.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
- the power conversion device according to the present embodiment is a modification of the power conversion device described in the first embodiment. Specifically, the power source 1 and the control unit 6 are replaced with the power source 1a and the control unit 6a. A zero cross detector 100 is added. In the present embodiment, only parts different from the power conversion device described in the first embodiment will be described.
- the power source 1a includes an AC power source 1a-1 (single phase) and a rectifying unit 1a-2 (internally bridged) composed of a plurality of rectifying elements.
- the AC power generated by the AC power source 1a-1 is rectified by the rectifying unit 1a-2 and supplied to the subsequent booster circuit 2.
- the zero cross detection unit 100 monitors the voltage output from the AC power supply 1a-1 and detects the zero cross point. The monitoring result is output to the control unit 6a as a zero cross signal ZC.
- the controller 6a generates drive signals Sa and Sb synchronized with the zero cross point based on the zero cross signal ZC. Generation of noise can be suppressed by performing control synchronized with the zero cross point.
- the power source 1 of the power conversion device described in the first embodiment may be replaced with a power source 1b.
- the power source 1b includes an AC power source 1b-1 (three-phase) and a rectification unit 1b-2 (inside a bridge connection) composed of a plurality of rectifying elements, and the three-phase AC power generated by the AC power source 1b-1. Is rectified by the rectifier 1b-2 and supplied to the booster circuit 2 in the subsequent stage.
- the signals of the booster circuit 2 and the commutation means 4 are turned on / off in the same manner as the power conversion device of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Timing adjustment is possible, and the same effect as the power converter of Embodiment 1 can be obtained.
- the configuration example of the power conversion device that boosts the power supplied from the single-phase or three-phase AC power supply has been described.
- various converters having a step-up / step-down function include a rectifier for preventing backflow.
- This technology can be applied to circuits with different configurations, and by adjusting the on / off timing of each drive signal of the booster circuit and commutation means, system efficiency can be improved, and recovery current and noise can be reduced. It is possible to reduce.
- the power source is described as being included in the power conversion device for convenience. However, the power source may exist outside the power conversion device.
- the boost signal (corresponding to the drive signal Sa) for controlling the boost circuit and the commutation signal (corresponding to the drive signal Sb) for controlling the commutation means.
- Equivalent pulse width can be changed according to the operating state, so that recommutation due to variations in circuit / element characteristics can be prevented at the end of commutation, and the recovery current can be suppressed with high reliability.
- the commutation time of the commutation means can be adjusted according to the magnitude of the load current, reliability is prevented while preventing excessive heat generation of the commutation means. High recovery current can be suppressed.
- a heat dissipation measure for the commutation means can be performed at low cost. Further, by using a wide band gap semiconductor for the auxiliary rectifier, further improvement in efficiency can be realized.
- the on / off timing of the commutation signal which is a timing control signal for commutating the current flowing through the rectifier in the booster circuit
- the commutation time of the commutation means can be adjusted according to the switching speed of the switching element of the booster circuit, and can flexibly cope with system changes.
- the switch control means can be used using the one-shot pulse generation function of the microcomputer. Can be realized. Therefore, the control means can be realized while suppressing the cost increase.
- the power conversion device includes means for generating a plurality of reference signals and means for generating a triangular wave signal (or sawtooth wave signal), and the reference signal and the triangular wave signal (or sawtooth wave). Since the control signal and the commutation signal of the switching element are generated based on the signal) comparison result, it can be applied to various systems with high versatility.
- the power conversion device described in each embodiment can be applied to a DC power supply or an AC power supply and a rectifier circuit that rectifies the AC power supply voltage, and thus can be applied to various systems with high versatility. . Therefore, for example, a highly efficient and highly reliable refrigeration air conditioning system can be realized by applying to a refrigeration air conditioning system.
- the power conversion device according to the present invention is useful as a device that converts an input voltage into a desired voltage, and is particularly suitable for a power conversion device that performs voltage conversion using a switching element.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置の構成例を示す図であり、この電力変換装置は、例えば、冷凍空調システムで利用される。はじめに、図1を参照しながら電力変換装置の構成について説明する。
スイッチ22がオン、且つスイッチ44がオフの場合を考える。整流器23には、リカバリー特性が良好な整流器42と比較し、順方向電圧が低い素子を使用する。変圧器41の巻線はインダクタ成分であるため、励磁電流を流さない場合には電流が流れない。よって、スイッチ44がオフである本ケースにおいては、転流手段4の経路には電流は流れ込まない。また、スイッチ22はオンであるから、図2Aに示した経路でリアクトル21にエネルギーが蓄積される。
スイッチ22がオフ、且つスイッチ44がオフの場合を考える。この場合も、上記の第1のモードと同様にスイッチ44がオフであり、転流手段4の経路には電流は流れ込まない。また、スイッチ22がオフであるから、図2Bに示した経路でリアクトル21のエネルギーが負荷9側に供給される。
スイッチ22がオン、且つスイッチ44がオンの場合を考える。この場合、スイッチ44がオンであるが、スイッチ22も同時にオン状態であり、電源1側のインピーダンスが低いため、転流手段4の経路にはほとんど電流は流れ込まず、図2Cに示した経路でリアクトル21にエネルギーが蓄積される。本モードは転流信号SBの伝達遅延等により、瞬間的に発生する場合があるが、使用上特に問題にならない。
スイッチ22がオフ、且つスイッチ44がオンの場合を考える。この場合、スイッチ22がオフであり、整流器23を介して負荷9側に電流が流れ込む(図2Dに示した電流経路#1)。またスイッチ44もオンしているため変圧器41が励磁され、転流手段4の経路にも電流が流れ込む(図2Dに示した電流経路#2)。そして、スイッチ22およびスイッチ44がオンの状態となってから一定時間が経過すると、電流経路#1(整流器23)を流れていた電流は整流器42側に完全に転流する。
I1=I2+I3 …(2)
I3=I4+I5 …(3)
図12は、実施の形態2の電力変換装置の構成例を示す図である。本実施の形態の電力変換装置は、実施の形態1で説明した電力変換装置を変形したものであり、具体的には、電源1,制御部6を電源1a,制御部6aに置き換え、さらに、ゼロクロス検出部100を追加したものである。本実施の形態では、実施の形態1で説明した電力変換装置と異なる部分についてのみ説明を行う。
1a-1 交流電源(単相)
1b-1 交流電源(三相)
1a-2,1b-2 整流部
2 昇圧回路
3 平滑回路
4 転流手段
5 電圧検出部
6,6a 制御部
7 駆動信号伝達部
8 転流信号伝達部
9 負荷
10 電流検出素子
11 電流検出部
21 リアクトル
22,44 スイッチ
23,42 整流器
41 変圧器
43 変圧器駆動回路
201,2011,2012,2013 基準信号生成部
202,2021,2022,2023 三角波信号生成部
203 状態記憶許可信号生成部
2111,2112,2113,2121,2122,2123 比較器
220 論理演算手段
221 論理反転部
222 論理積演算部
223 状態記憶部
100 ゼロクロス検出部
Claims (22)
- 電源供給手段と、
前記電源供給手段から供給される電圧をスイッチング制御により昇圧する昇圧手段と、
前記昇圧手段からの出力電圧を平滑する平滑手段と、
前記昇圧手段と前記平滑手段の間に配置され、前記昇圧手段側への電流逆流を防止する逆流防止素子と、
前記逆流防止素子に並列に接続され、前記逆流防止素子に流れていた電流を自身側に転流させる転流手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 前記昇圧手段は、
前記電源供給手段に接続されたリアクトルと、
前記リアクトルと前記逆流防止素子の接続点と前記電源供給手段の負側とを短絡させるためのスイッチと、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段は、
前記スイッチがオンになる直前の所定期間において前記逆流防止素子に流れていた電流を転流させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段は、
前記スイッチがオンになった後、所定期間経過後に転流動作を終了することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段は、
変圧器と、
前記変圧器を駆動するスイッチと、
前記変圧器および前記スイッチに電力を供給する電源と、
前記変圧器の2次側巻線と直列に接続され、電流の逆流を防止する逆流防止素子と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 複数のしきい値と、三角波信号またはのこぎり波信号である比較対象信号とに基づいて、前記スイッチング制御のデューティ比および前記転流手段による転流動作の実施期間を決定する決定手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記複数のしきい値は、第1のしきい値と、当該第1のしきい値と同じまたはこれよりも大きな第2のしきい値と、当該第1のしきい値と同じまたはこれよりも小さな第3のしきい値とを含み、
前記決定手段は、
前記第1のしきい値と前記比較対象信号の比較結果に基づいて前記デューティ比を決定し、前記第2のしきい値と前記比較対象信号の比較結果と、前記第3のしきい値と前記比較対象信号の比較結果とに基づいて前記実施期間を決定することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1のしきい値、前記第2のしきい値および前記第3のしきい値を可変とすることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記決定手段は、
前記複数のしきい値として複数の基準信号を生成する基準信号生成手段と、
前記比較対象信号を生成する比較対象信号生成手段と、
前記複数のしきい値それぞれを前記比較対象信号と比較し、当該比較結果に基づいて前記デューティ比および前記実施期間を決定する比較手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記決定手段は、
前記比較手段が決定した実施期間を有効な決定結果として出力させるかどうかを指示する制御信号であって、そのオン・オフタイミングが可変の決定結果出力制御信号を生成する制御信号生成手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電力変換装置。 - しきい値と、三角波信号またはのこぎり波信号である複数の比較対象信号と、に基づいて、前記スイッチング制御のデューティ比および前記転流手段による転流動作の実施期間を決定する決定手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記複数の比較対象信号は、第1の比較対象信号と、当該第1の比較対象信号と位相および振幅が一致しかつレベルが常時同じまたはこれよりも大きな第2の比較対象信号と、当該第1の比較対象信号と位相および振幅が一致しかつレベルが常時同じまたはこれよりも小さな第3の比較対象信号とを含み、
前記決定手段は、
前記しきい値と前記第1の比較対象信号の比較結果に基づいて前記デューティ比を決定し、前記しきい値と前記第2の比較対象信号の比較結果と、前記しきい値と前記第3の比較対象信号の比較結果とに基づいて前記実施期間を決定することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の比較対象信号、前記第2の比較対象信号および前記第3の比較対象信号のレベルを可変とすることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記平滑手段により平滑化された後の電圧値と所定の目標値との比較結果に基づいて前記スイッチング制御のデューティ比を調整する調整手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記目標値を可変とすることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記昇圧手段に流れている電流値と所定の目標値との比較結果に基づいて前記スイッチング制御のデューティ比を調整する調整手段、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記目標値を可変とすることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記決定手段をマイクロコンピュータのワンショットパルス発生機能を利用して実現したことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。
- 電源供給手段は、
直流電源、または、交流電源および当該交流電源電圧を整流する整流回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段の逆流防止素子はワイドバンドギャップ半導体によって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電力変換装置。
- ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料又はダイヤモンドによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の電力変換装置。
- 請求項1~21のいずれか一つに記載の電力変換装置を備えることを特徴とする冷凍空調システム。
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EP11860447.9A EP2683065A4 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | POWER CONVERSION DEVICE AND REFRIGERATION / AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM |
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AU2011361876A AU2011361876B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | Power conversion device and refrigeration/AC system |
EP20140195453 EP2869449A1 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | Power conversion device and refrigeration/air-conditioning system |
PCT/JP2011/055102 WO2012120600A1 (ja) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | 電力変換装置および冷凍空調システム |
US14/002,173 US9531250B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | Power conversion device and refrigeration/air-conditioning system |
CN201180068961.0A CN103404011B (zh) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | 电力转换装置和制冷空调系统 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103404011A (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
EP2683065A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
AU2011361876A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
AU2011361876B2 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
JP5562482B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
JPWO2012120600A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
EP2869449A1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US20130334884A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
EP2683065A4 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
CN103404011B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
US9531250B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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