WO2015001617A1 - 逆流防止装置、電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び冷凍空気調和装置 - Google Patents
逆流防止装置、電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び冷凍空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001617A1 WO2015001617A1 PCT/JP2013/068162 JP2013068162W WO2015001617A1 WO 2015001617 A1 WO2015001617 A1 WO 2015001617A1 JP 2013068162 W JP2013068162 W JP 2013068162W WO 2015001617 A1 WO2015001617 A1 WO 2015001617A1
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- commutation
- current
- backflow prevention
- power
- switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/74—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0051—Diode reverse recovery losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a backflow prevention device or the like included in a power conversion device or the like.
- the present invention provides a power conversion device and the like that can reduce the cost as much as possible.
- a backflow prevention device is connected between a power supply and a load, and prevents a backflow of current from the load side to the power supply side, and a commutation that forms a separate path connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element.
- a commutation device that performs a commutation operation for passing a current through the path, and a control device that determines a time for the commutation operation and causes the commutation device to perform the commutation operation based on the determined time. It has a route.
- the backflow prevention device has a plurality of commutation paths connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element, so that the current flowing through each commutation path can be reduced. For this reason, an element with a small current capacity can be arranged on the commutation path, and the cost can be reduced. In addition, even when an element or the like in a certain commutation path fails, the commutation device can continue the commutation operation in another commutation path, so that the reliability of reduction in recovery current can be increased.
- FIG. (1) shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) shows an example of a structure at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the signal and electric current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 1. shows the signal and electric current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) which shows a signal and a current waveform at the time of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is FIG. (1) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is FIG. (2) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is FIG. (1) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.
- FIG. (1) shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) shows an example of a structure at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (1) shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) shows an example of a structure at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (1) shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) shows an example of a structure at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this
- FIG. (1) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. (1) which shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) which shows an example of a structure at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. (1) which shows a signal and a current waveform at the time of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) which shows a signal and a current waveform in the case of operating the commutation apparatus 7 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. (2) shows a figure for demonstrating the relationship between the electric current which flows into the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention, and a commutation operation
- FIG. 1 and the following drawings the same reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, and are common to the whole text of the embodiments described below.
- the form of the component represented by the whole specification is an illustration to the last, Comprising: It does not limit to the form described in the specification.
- the combination of the components is not limited to the combination in each embodiment, and the components described in the other embodiments can be applied to another embodiment.
- the subscripts may be omitted.
- the size relationship of each component may be different from the actual one.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a system or the like centering on a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. First, a system configuration having a power conversion device capable of performing power conversion with high efficiency in FIG. 1 will be described.
- the power conversion device is provided between the power source 1 and the load 9, converts the power from the power source 1 and supplies it to the load 9.
- the power conversion device according to the present embodiment performs boosting and includes, for example, a chopper circuit 6, a commutation device 7, and a smoothing device 8.
- the power source 1 is constituted by, for example, a DC power source, a combination of an AC power source and a rectifier circuit (rectifier device) or the like, and supplies power to the chopper circuit 6 by DC.
- the chopper circuit 6 includes a reactor 3, a boost switch device 4, and a backflow prevention element 5.
- the reactor 3 is connected to the power source 1 side and is provided to suppress harmonics.
- the step-up switch device 4 includes a switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- the step-up switch device 4 short-circuits the power source 1 (between two terminals connected to the power source 1) via the reactor 3 based on a drive signal (step-up drive signal) from the control device 100.
- the backflow prevention element 5 is an element for preventing a backflow of current from the smoothing device 8 between the boosting switch device 4 and the smoothing device 8.
- the backflow prevention element 5 is usually a semiconductor element such as a fast recovery diode that is excellent in electrical characteristics (particularly recovery characteristics), has a small current capacity, and has a fast reverse recovery time.
- the commutation device 7 is a device connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5. Then, a commutation operation is performed in which the current flowing through the backflow prevention element 5 is commutated to a different path (another path not through the backflow prevention element 5; hereinafter referred to as a commutation path) at a necessary timing.
- the backflow prevention element 5 and the commutation device 7 constitute a backflow prevention device that prevents backflow of current from the load 9 side to the power source 1 side.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing an example when the commutation device 7 is connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the commutation device 7 is a device that performs a commutation operation in which a current flows through a commutation path connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5.
- the commutation path is two paths, and in FIG. 3, the commutation path is three paths.
- the backflow prevention device in the present embodiment has a plurality of commutation paths for commutation.
- the commutation device 7 of the present embodiment includes a commutation operation device 70 and a commutation rectifying element 72.
- the commutation rectifier element 72 is connected in series with the secondary winding of the transformer 73 in the commutation path. And the backflow of the electric current from the load 9 side is prevented, and an electric current flows from the power supply 1 side to the load 9 side.
- the commutation device 7 in FIG. 2 since there are two commutation paths in FIG. 2, the commutation device 7 in FIG. 2 includes commutation rectifying elements 72 a and 72 b. In FIG. 3, since there are three commutation paths, the commutation device 7 in FIG. 3 has commutation rectifying elements 72a, 72b, and 72c.
- the commutation rectifier element 72 is formed of a semiconductor element such as a fast recovery diode.
- the commutation rectifying element 72 may be a Schottky barrier diode having a high withstand voltage, good recovery characteristics, low forward voltage, and low loss.
- a wide band gap semiconductor element made of SiC (silicon carbide), GaN (gallium nitride, gallium nitride), diamond, or the like may be used.
- SiC silicon carbide
- GaN gallium nitride
- diamond or the like.
- these devices have a specification with a large allowable value of the effective current value, crystal defects increase and costs increase. Since an element with a small allowable value of the effective current value can be used as the commutation rectifying element 72 in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a power conversion device with good cost performance and high efficiency.
- the commutation operation device 70 of the present embodiment has an independent commutation operation circuit 71 in each commutation path. Since there are two commutation paths in FIG. 2, the commutation apparatus 7 in FIG. 2 has commutation operation circuits 71a and 71b. Further, since there are three commutation paths in FIG. 3, the commutation device 7 in FIG. 3 has commutation operation circuits 71a, 71b, and 71c. Each commutation operation circuit 71 includes a transformer 73, a commutation switch 74, and a commutation power source 75.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration in the commutation operation circuit 71b
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration in the commutation operation circuit 71b
- the transformer 73 has a pulse transformer or the like.
- the transformer 73 applies a voltage to the primary side winding and causes an exciting current to flow, thereby inducing a voltage in the secondary side winding so that the current flows.
- the current flowing through the circuit 6 is commutated to the commutation path.
- the commutation power source 75 supplies power to the transformer 73.
- the commutation switch 74 opens and closes based on a drive signal (commutation drive signal) from the control device 100, and controls power supply to the transformer 73 (primary winding) and supply stop.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show an example in which the secondary winding of the transformer 73 and the anode side of the commutation rectifying element 72 are connected. If the directions are the same, the connection is not limited to this. For example, the cathode side of the commutation rectifier element 72 and the secondary winding of the transformer 73 may be connected.
- an electric circuit composed of a commutation power source 75, a commutation switch 74, and a primary side winding of a transformer 73, if necessary, a limiting resistor, a high frequency capacitor, and a snubber circuit
- a protective device or the like may be inserted.
- the excitation current may be reset by adding a reset winding to the primary side winding in the transformer 73 as necessary.
- a rectifier or the like may be provided to regenerate the excitation energy to the power source side, thereby improving the efficiency.
- the smoothing device 8 is configured using a capacitor or the like, for example, smoothes the voltage applied by the power source 1, and supplies power by applying a DC voltage (output voltage, bus voltage) to the load 9.
- the load 9 is driven by electric power supplied via the smoothing device 8.
- the load voltage detection unit 101 is a voltage detector that detects a voltage that is smoothed by the smoothing device 8 and is applied to the load 9, and outputs a voltage detection value by a detection signal.
- the current detection unit 102 is a current detector that detects a current (bus current) flowing from the power source 1 and outputs a current detection value as a detection signal. Based on the current detection value of the current detection unit 102, the current flowing through the reactor 3 can also be detected.
- the power supply voltage detection unit 103 is a voltage detector that detects a voltage applied by the power supply 1 and outputs a voltage detection value as a detection signal.
- the control device 100 determines, for example, the operation time (short circuit time) of the boost switch device 4 and the commutation device 7 from the signals related to the detection by the load voltage detection unit 101, the current detection unit 102, and the power supply voltage detection unit 103. It is a device that performs arithmetic processing and controls.
- the control device 100 includes, for example, a calculation device such as a microcomputer or a digital signal processor, and a conversion device that converts signals from the calculation device into drive signals for driving the boost switch device 4 and the commutation switch 74.
- a commutation drive signal corresponding to each commutation switch 74 is sent.
- the power conversion device of the present embodiment adds the commutation operation in the commutation device 7 to the power conversion operation of the DC chopper, for example.
- the backflow preventing element 5 is reversely recovered before the current flows back from the smoothing device 8 to reduce the recovery current.
- the current path becomes the path of the power source 1-the reactor 3-the backflow prevention element 5-the load 9-the power source 1.
- the boosting switch device 4 is turned on (closed) and the commutation switch 74 is turned off, the current path becomes the path of the power source 1 -reactor 3 -boosting switch device 4 -power source 1.
- the voltage applied to the reactor 3 is substantially equal to the voltage of the power source 1.
- the amount of accumulated carriers tends to increase with the increase in the current capacity of the rectifier diode. Therefore, the recovery current increases as the current capacity increases. Also, the recovery current increases as the reverse bias applied increases.
- the commutation device 7 forms a commutation path instead of applying reverse recovery to the reverse current prevention element 5 having a large current capacity by applying a high reverse bias voltage. Then, the control for reverse recovery (hereinafter referred to as commutation control) is performed by applying a low reverse bias voltage via the transformer 73 and the commutation rectifier element 72 immediately before the boost switch device 4 is turned on. .
- commutation control the control for reverse recovery
- the commutation switch 74 of the commutation device 7 is turned on immediately before the boost switch device 4 is turned on, and the current flowing to the backflow prevention element 5 through the transformer 73 is converted into the commutation rectifier element 72 side.
- a current path in a state where the boosting switch device 4 is off and the commutation switch 74 is on is a path of power source 1 -reactor 3 -backflow prevention element 5 -load 9 -power source 1.
- the transformer 73 is excited, and a current also flows into the path of the secondary winding-commutation rectifying element 72 of the transformer 73 of the commutation device 7.
- the commutation drive signal of the commutation device 7 (commutation switch 74) is turned on immediately before the boost drive signal of the boost switch device 4 is turned on.
- the current starts to flow through the path of the secondary winding of the transformer 73 due to the excitation current. Therefore, current flows in a diverted direction in each direction of the backflow preventing element 5 and the commutation rectifying element 72.
- the commutation drive signal is maintained in the ON state, after a predetermined time has elapsed, no current flows through the backflow prevention element 5 and all current flows through the commutation rectifier element 72 (commutation complete).
- the commutation power source 75 is set to a sufficiently small value as compared with the output voltage of the smoothing device 8, so that the backflow prevention element 5 is turned off (reverse recovery) with a low reverse bias voltage. ).
- the boost switch device 4 is turned on in this state, the reverse recovery operation of the commutation rectifier element 72 is performed, and in this case, a recovery current is also generated.
- the commutation time of the commutation rectifier element 72 is very short compared to the backflow prevention element 5, the effective current of the current flowing through the commutation rectifier element 72 is small, and the required current capacity is small. I'm sorry.
- the noise filter can be reduced in size and the cost can be reduced.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams showing signals and current waveforms when the commutation device 7 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is operated.
- the drive signals of the boosting switch device 4 and the commutation device 7 have the HI side as the active direction (ON direction).
- FIGS. 4 and 5 when the commutation device 7 is not allowed to perform a commutation operation, a large recovery current as indicated by a dotted line is generated in the backflow prevention element 5.
- the recovery current of the backflow prevention element 5 is reduced.
- the control device 100 is assumed to send a commutation drive signal that makes the on and off timings of the commutation switches 74 of the commutation operation circuits 71 the same. Therefore, the current that flows to the commutation device 7 side by the commutation operation is divided into each commutation path, and the current that flows to each commutation path is compared to the case where the commutation path is provided as a single commutation path 72. The peak and the average of become smaller according to the number of commutation paths. In addition, the current that attempts to flow backward from the load 9 side to the power source 1 side also decreases. For this reason, the current capacity of each commutation rectifying element 72 can be reduced.
- the commutation rectifying element 72 By reducing the current capacity, many elements can be employed as the commutation rectifying element 72. Further, the cost can be reduced. Further, by having a plurality of commutation paths, for example, even if at least one of the commutation rectifier element 72 and the commutation operation circuit 71 in a certain commutation path is damaged and cannot flow current, another commutation path can be used. Since current can flow through the current path, reliability can be improved.
- the system having the backflow prevention device of the first embodiment has a plurality of commutation paths connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5, so that the current flowing through each commutation path can be reduced. it can. Therefore, by operating the commutation operation circuit 71 at the same time, the current flowing through one commutation path can be reduced. Therefore, an element having a small current capacity can be arranged on the commutation path, and the cost can be reduced. Reduction can be achieved. Further, for example, even when an element or the like in a certain commutation path fails, the commutation device 7 can continue the commutation operation in another commutation path, and can improve the reliability of reduction in recovery current. .
- FIG. 6 and 7 are diagrams showing signals and current waveforms when the commutation device 7 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is operated.
- the configuration and the like of the system and the power converter are the same as those described in Embodiment 1 with reference to FIGS.
- the control device 100 sends commutation drive signals having different timings for turning on and off each commutation switch 74 of each commutation operation circuit 71.
- the commutation drive signal is alternately turned on with respect to the boost drive signal being turned on. Therefore, each commutation switch 74 is turned on once in response to the boost drive signal being turned on twice. Therefore, the operation cycle is doubled and the duty is halved.
- each commutation switch 74 is turned on once with respect to the boosting drive signal being turned on three times.
- the commutation operation is not performed simultaneously in the plurality of commutation paths, but the commutation operation is performed in each commutation path. Since the interval (operation cycle) of the commutation operation in each commutation path is several times longer, the current flowing through each commutation path is compared to the case where the commutation path is provided and the commutation rectifying element 72 is provided. The current effective value (average) of becomes smaller according to the number of commutation paths. In addition, current concentration does not occur, such as deviation in the commutation path through which current flows due to variations in elements.
- FIG. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing signals and current waveforms when the commutation device 7 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is operated.
- the configuration and the like of the system and the power converter are the same as those described in Embodiment 1 with reference to FIGS.
- control device 100 sends the commutation drive signal so that the time for which each commutation switch 74 of each commutation operation circuit 71 is turned on is different. At this time, a commutation drive signal is sent so that the timing of turning off is substantially the same.
- the amount of current flowing through each commutation path is different by making the time for which each commutation switch 74 of each commutation operation circuit 71 is turned on differ. For this reason, the amount of current flowing through the commutation path can be adjusted by the commutation operation of the commutation device 7, and damage to elements and the like on the commutation path can be prevented. Further, the loss can be suppressed by reducing the current flowing through the commutation device 7. In some cases, the number of commutation paths through which current flows may be reduced without turning on some of the commutation switches 74.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the current flowing through the backflow prevention element 5 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention and the commutation operation. 10, the case of the commutation device 7 having the three commutation paths shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
- the recovery current increases as the current flowing through the backflow prevention element 5 increases. Therefore, the control device 100 determines the magnitude of the recovery current that is about to flow from the load 9 side to the power source 1 side.
- FIG. 10 shows that the recovery current increases as the current flowing through the backflow prevention element 5 increases.
- the control device 100 can determine the magnitude of the recovery current by detecting at least one of these currents by the current detection device.
- the magnitude of the recovery current can be determined from the voltage applied to both ends of the backflow prevention element 5 or the voltage applied to the load 9 (voltage related to detection by the load voltage detection unit 101). For this reason, at least one of the voltages may be detected by the voltage detection device.
- the magnitude of the recovery current can be determined from the power supplied from the power source 1 to the power converter or the power supplied from the power converter to the load 9. Therefore, at least one of these powers may be detected by the power detection device. Since it can be detected by any physical quantity, it can be shared with detection of other uses.
- the control device 100 determines the number of commutation paths through which current flows by commutation operation based on the determined magnitude of the recovery current. Then, based on the determined number of commutation paths, a commutation driving signal is sent to the corresponding commutation operation circuit 71 to perform the commutation operation. In this way, the current flowing through the commutation path can be suppressed. For example, when the recovery current is large, the same effects as those of the first embodiment are obtained. Further, when the recovery current is small, the loss related to the commutation operation can be suppressed and the loss of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- FIG. 11 and 12 are diagrams showing an example when the commutation device 7 is connected in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the system configuration and the like are the same as those described in the first embodiment based on FIG.
- the configuration of the commutation device 7 is different from that in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the primary side winding of the transformer 73, the commutation switch 74, and the commutation power supply 75 are shared for a plurality of commutation paths. It is what you do. Therefore, in the present embodiment, there is one commutation switch 74 in the commutation device 7.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are diagrams showing signals and current waveforms when the commutation device 7 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is operated.
- the control device 100 since there is one commutation switch 74, the control device 100 need only send one commutation drive signal. And since the timing which voltage is induced in each secondary side coil
- the peak and average of the current flowing through each commutation path become smaller according to the number of commutation paths.
- each commutation rectifying element 72 can be reduced.
- many elements can be employed as the commutation rectifying element 72.
- the cost can be reduced.
- another commutation path can be used. Since the current can be passed through the current path, the reliability related to the reduction of the recovery current can be increased.
- the primary winding of the transformer 73, the commutation switch 74, and the commutation power source 75 are shared for a plurality of commutation paths. Costs can be reduced and the size of the device can be reduced by reducing the number of elements.
- FIG. FIG.15 and FIG.16 is a figure which shows an example at the time of connecting the commutation apparatus 7 in parallel with the backflow prevention element 5 which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- the system configuration and the like are the same as those described in the first embodiment based on FIG.
- the structure of the commutation apparatus 7 differs from FIG.10 and FIG.11.
- the plurality of commutation paths are the same as in the second embodiment in that the primary winding of the transformer 73, the commutation switch 74, and the commutation power source 75 are shared.
- two commutation switches 74 (74a and 74b) and two commutation power sources 75 (75a and 75b) are provided.
- FIG. 17 and 18 are diagrams showing signals and current waveforms when the commutation device 7 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention is operated.
- the control device 100 sends a commutation drive signal for alternately turning on the commutation switch 74a and the commutation switch 74b.
- the secondary side windings of the transformer 73 in each commutation path include those having the same polarity as the primary side windings and those having different polarities (reverse windings).
- the secondary windings in the two commutation paths have different polarities from each other (). Therefore, the commutation operation in the commutation device 7 is alternately performed in each commutation path as in the second embodiment.
- the primary side windings in the commutation path having the commutation rectifying element 72a and the commutation path having the commutation rectifying element 72c have the same polarity as the secondary side winding.
- the primary side winding in the commutation path having the commutation rectifying element 72b is different in polarity from the secondary side winding. Therefore, the commutation operation in the commutation device 7 is alternately performed in two commutation paths and one commutation path.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the current flowing through the backflow prevention element 5 and the commutation operation according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the control device 100 has been described with reference to determining the number of commutation paths through which a current flows based on the magnitude of the recovery current.
- the control device 100 determines the magnitude of the recovery current, for example. If it is determined that the recovery current is small, a commutation drive signal for opening and closing the commutation switch 74a is sent so that a current flows through the commutation path having the commutation rectifying element 72a. If it is determined that the recovery current is large, a commutation drive signal for opening and closing the commutation switch 74b is sent so that current flows through the commutation path including the commutation rectifying elements 72a and 72c.
- the primary side winding of the transformer 73, the commutation switch 74, and the commutation power source 75 are shared for a plurality of commutation paths. Costs can be reduced and the size of the device can be reduced by reducing the number of elements. Further, the commutation operation can be performed at different timings in the plurality of commutation paths.
- FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram of a refrigeration air conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- a refrigeration air conditioner that supplies power via the above-described power converter will be described.
- the refrigeration air conditioning apparatus of FIG. 20 includes a heat source side unit (outdoor unit) 300 and a load side unit (indoor unit) 400, which are connected by a refrigerant pipe, and a main refrigerant circuit (hereinafter referred to as a main refrigerant circuit). And the refrigerant is circulated.
- a pipe through which a gaseous refrigerant (gas refrigerant) flows is referred to as a gas pipe 500
- a pipe through which a liquid refrigerant (liquid refrigerant, sometimes a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant) flows is referred to as a liquid pipe 600.
- the heat source side unit 300 includes a compressor 301, an oil separator 302, a four-way valve 303, a heat source side heat exchanger 304, a heat source side fan 305, an accumulator 306, and a heat source side expansion device (expansion valve) 307.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger 308, the bypass expansion device 309, and the heat source side control device 310 are configured by each device (means).
- Compressor 301 compresses and discharges the sucked refrigerant.
- the compressor 301 has an inverter device that can finely change the capacity of the compressor 301 (the amount of refrigerant sent out per unit time) by arbitrarily changing the operating frequency.
- the power conversion device in each of the above-described embodiments is attached between the power source 1 that supplies power for driving the compressor 301 (motor) and the compressor 301 having the inverter device serving as the load 9 or the like. Yes.
- the apparatus which combined the power converter device and the inverter apparatus becomes a motor drive device.
- the oil separator 302 separates the lubricating oil discharged from the compressor 301 mixed with the refrigerant.
- the separated lubricating oil is returned to the compressor 301.
- the four-way valve 303 switches the refrigerant flow between the cooling operation and the heating operation based on an instruction from the heat source side control device 310.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 304 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air (outdoor air).
- the heat source side heat exchanger 304 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, and performs heat exchange between the low-pressure refrigerant and air that have flowed in via the heat source side expansion device 307, thereby evaporating and evaporating the refrigerant. .
- the heat source side heat exchanger 304 is provided with a heat source side fan 305 in order to efficiently exchange heat between the refrigerant and the air.
- the heat source side fan 305 is also supplied with power through the power conversion device described in each of the above-described embodiments. For example, in the inverter device included in the load 9, the fan motor operating frequency is arbitrarily changed to rotate the fan. You may make it change finely.
- the inter-refrigerant heat exchanger 308 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing through the main flow path of the refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant branched from the flow path and adjusted in flow rate by the bypass expansion device 309 (expansion valve). .
- the inter-refrigerant heat exchanger 308 is for supercooling the refrigerant and supplying it to the load-side unit 400 particularly when the refrigerant needs to be supercooled during the cooling operation.
- the liquid flowing through the bypass throttle device 309 is returned to the accumulator 306 via the bypass pipe.
- the accumulator 306 is means for storing, for example, liquid surplus refrigerant.
- the heat source side control device 310 is formed of, for example, a microcomputer.
- the heat source side control device 310 can communicate with the load side control device 404 in a wired or wireless manner. For example, based on data relating to detection by various detection means (sensors) in the refrigeration air conditioner, compression by inverter circuit control The operation of the entire refrigeration air conditioner is controlled by controlling each means related to the refrigeration air conditioner, such as operation frequency control of the machine 301. Further, the heat source side control device 310 may perform the processing performed by the control device 100 described in the above embodiment.
- the load side unit 400 includes a load side heat exchanger 401, a load side expansion device (expansion valve) 402, a load side fan 403, and a load side control device 404.
- the load-side heat exchanger 401 performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and air.
- the load-side heat exchanger 401 functions as a condenser during heating operation, performs heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in from the gas pipe 500 and air, condenses the refrigerant, and liquefies (or gas-liquid two-phase). And flow out to the liquid pipe 600 side.
- the refrigerant functions as an evaporator, performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air whose pressure has been reduced by the load-side throttle device 402, causes the refrigerant to take heat of the air, evaporates it, and vaporizes it. It flows out to the piping 500 side.
- the load side unit 400 is provided with a load side fan 403 for adjusting the flow of air for heat exchange with the refrigerant.
- the operating speed of the load-side fan 403 is determined by, for example, user settings.
- the load side expansion device 402 is provided to adjust the pressure of the refrigerant in the load side heat exchanger 401 by changing the opening degree.
- the load side control device 404 is also composed of a microcomputer or the like, and can communicate with the heat source side control device 310 by wire or wireless, for example. Based on an instruction from the heat source side control device 310 and an instruction from a resident or the like, each device (means) of the load side unit 400 is controlled so that the room has a predetermined temperature, for example. In addition, a signal including data related to detection by the detection means provided in the load side unit 400 is transmitted.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the power conversion device according to the present invention is used in a heat pump device, a device using a refrigeration cycle (heat pump cycle) such as a refrigerator, a transport device such as an elevator, a lighting apparatus (system), a hybrid vehicle, a power conditioner for solar power generation, and the like. Can be applied, and similar effects can be achieved.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置を中心とするシステム等の構成の一例を示す図である。はじめに、図1における高効率に電力変換を行うことができる電力変換装置を有するシステム構成について説明する。
図6及び図7は本発明の実施の形態2に係る転流装置7を動作させる場合の信号及び電流波形を示す図である。システム及び電力変換装置の構成等については、実施の形態1において図1~3に基づいて説明したことと同様である。
図8及び図9は本発明の実施の形態3に係る転流装置7を動作させる場合の信号及び電流波形を示す図である。システム及び電力変換装置の構成等については、実施の形態1において図1~3に基づいて説明したことと同様である。
図11及び図12は本発明の実施の形態4に係る逆流防止素子5と並列に転流装置7を接続した場合の一例を示す図である。システムの構成等については、実施の形態1において図1に基づいて説明したことと同様である。本実施の形態は、転流装置7の構成が図2及び図3とは異なり、複数の転流経路について、変圧器73の1次側巻線、転流用スイッチ74及び転流用電源75を共用するようにしたものである。したがって、本実施の形態では、転流装置7における転流用スイッチ74は1つである。
図15及び図16は本発明の実施の形態5に係る逆流防止素子5と並列に転流装置7を接続した場合の一例を示す図である。システムの構成等については、実施の形態1において図1に基づいて説明したことと同様である。本実施の形態においては、転流装置7の構成が図10及び図11とは異なる。複数の転流経路について、変圧器73の1次側巻線、転流用スイッチ74及び転流用電源75を共用している点では実施の形態2と同様である。ただ、本実施の形態では、2つの転流用スイッチ74(74a及び74b)と2つの転流用電源75(75a及び75b)とを有している。
図20は本発明の実施の形態6に係る冷凍空気調和装置の構成図である。本実施の形態では、上述した電力変換装置を介して電力供給を行う冷凍空気調和装置について説明する。図20の冷凍空気調和装置は、熱源側ユニット(室外機)300と負荷側ユニット(室内機)400とを備え、これらが冷媒配管で連結され、主となる冷媒回路(以下、主冷媒回路と称す)を構成して冷媒を循環させている。冷媒配管のうち、気体の冷媒(ガス冷媒)が流れる配管をガス配管500とし、液体の冷媒(液冷媒。気液二相冷媒の場合もある)が流れる配管を液配管600とする。
Claims (18)
- 電源と負荷との間に接続され、前記負荷側から前記電源側への電流の逆流を防止する逆流防止素子と、
該逆流防止素子と並列接続した別経路となる転流経路に電流を流す転流動作を行う転流装置と、
転流動作させる時間を決定し、決定した時間に基づいて前記転流装置に前記転流動作を行わせる制御装置とを備え、
複数の前記転流経路を有する逆流防止装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記転流装置による、複数の前記転流経路に対する前記転流動作を略同じタイミングで開始させる請求項1に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記転流装置による、複数の前記転流経路に対する前記転流動作を異なるタイミングで開始させる請求項1に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記転流装置による、複数の前記転流経路に対する前記転流動作を略同じタイミングで終了させる請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記転流動作によって前記電流を流す前記転流経路の数を決定する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記負荷側から前記電源側に流れる電流を検出する電流検出装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記電流検出装置が検出する電流の大きさに基づいて、前記転流経路の数を決定する請求項5に記載の逆流防止装置。 - 前記転流装置は、
前記転流経路を流れる電流を整流する転流用整流素子と、
1次側巻線に係る電圧に基づく電圧を前記転流経路上の2次側巻線に印加させ、前記転流動作を行う変圧器と、
転流用電源と転流用スイッチとを有して前記変圧器の1次側巻線と接続し、前記転流用スイッチの開閉により、前記転流用電源から前記変圧器の1次側巻線に流れる励磁電流を制御する変圧器駆動装置と
を有する請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の逆流防止装置。 - 少なくとも前記転流用スイッチ、前記変圧器及び前記転流用整流素子を前記転流経路と同数とする請求項7に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 少なくとも前記転流用スイッチ、前記変圧器の前記2次側巻線及び前記転流用整流素子を前記転流経路と同数とし、
前記変圧器の前記1次側巻線を共用とする請求項7に記載の逆流防止装置。 - 前記1次側巻線と極性が異なる前記2次側巻線を少なくとも1つ有し、前記1次側巻線に流す電流の向きを変化させて、複数の前記転流経路に対する前記転流動作を異なるタイミングで開始させる請求項7に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記転流用整流素子は、ワイドバンドギャップ半導体を用いた素子である請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料又はダイヤモンドを材料とすることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の逆流防止装置。
- 出力電圧を平滑する平滑装置と、
該平滑装置より前記電源側に配置され、スイッチの開閉により前記電源を短絡させるスイッチ装置と、
該スイッチ装置より前記電源側に配置されたリアクトルと、
前記負荷側からの電流の逆流を防止する請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の逆流防止装置と、
該逆流防止装置の転流動作の制御と前記スイッチ装置のスイッチ開閉とを制御する制御装置と
を備える電力変換装置。 - 前記電源から流れる電流、前記リアクトルを流れる電流、前記スイッチ装置を流れる電流、前記逆流防止素子を流れる電流及び負荷に流れる電流のうち、少なくとも1の電流を検出する電流検出装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記電流検出装置の検出に係る電流に基づいて 前記負荷側から前記電源側に流れる電流の大きさを判断する請求項13に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記逆流防止素子に係る電圧及び負荷に印加する電圧のうち、少なくとも1の電圧を検出する電圧検出装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記電圧検出装置の検出に係る電圧に基づいて 前記負荷側から前記電源側に流れる電流の大きさを判断する請求項13に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記電源から供給される電力及び前記負荷に供給する電力のうち、少なくとも1の電力を検出する電力検出装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記電力検出装置の検出に係る電力に基づいて 前記負荷側から前記電源側に流れる電流の大きさを判断する請求項13に記載の電力変換装置。 - 請求項13~16のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置と、
該電力変換装置が供給する電力を交流電力に変換するインバータ装置と
を備えるモータ駆動装置。 - 請求項17に記載のモータ駆動装置を、圧縮機又は送風機の少なくとも一方を駆動するために備えることを特徴とする冷凍空気調和装置。
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US14/901,270 US9621025B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | Backflow preventing device, power conversion apparatus, motor driver, and refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus |
JP2015524937A JP6132911B2 (ja) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | 逆流防止装置、電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び冷凍空気調和装置 |
KR1020157036927A KR101748520B1 (ko) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | 역류 방지 장치, 전력 변환 장치, 모터 구동 장치 및 냉동 공기 조화 장치 |
CN201380077936.8A CN105359397A (zh) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | 逆流防止装置、电力变换装置、马达驱动装置以及冷冻空气调节装置 |
EP13888759.1A EP3018807B1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | Backflow prevention device, power converter, motor drive device, and refrigerating and air-conditioning device |
PCT/JP2013/068162 WO2015001617A1 (ja) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | 逆流防止装置、電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置及び冷凍空気調和装置 |
BR112015032987-0A BR112015032987B1 (pt) | 2013-07-02 | 2013-07-02 | Dispositivo de prevenção de refluxo, aparelhos de conversão de potência e de refrigeração e condicionamento de ar, e, acionador de motor |
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JPS59117459A (ja) * | 1982-12-22 | 1984-07-06 | Hitachi Ltd | スイツチング回路 |
JP2005160284A (ja) | 2003-05-13 | 2005-06-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 電力変換装置及び電気自動車の駆動システム |
WO2012042579A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置及び冷凍空気調和装置 |
WO2012120600A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置および冷凍空調システム |
WO2012137258A1 (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置および冷凍空気調和装置 |
JP2012231646A (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 電力変換装置、冷凍空調システムおよび制御方法 |
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EP3018807A4 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
US20160204690A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
KR20160016928A (ko) | 2016-02-15 |
CN105359397A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
BR112015032987B1 (pt) | 2021-10-13 |
JPWO2015001617A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
KR101748520B1 (ko) | 2017-06-27 |
BR112015032987A2 (ja) | 2017-07-25 |
US9621025B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
JP6132911B2 (ja) | 2017-05-24 |
EP3018807A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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