JP5748842B2 - 電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置および冷凍空気調和装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置、モータ駆動装置および冷凍空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/066—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode particular circuits having a special characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0051—Diode reverse recovery losses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
- H02M1/0085—Partially controlled bridges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る電力変換装置を中心とするシステム等の構成の一例を示す図である。はじめに、図1における高効率に電力変換を行うことができる電力変換装置を有するシステム構成について説明する。
図11は実施の形態2に係る電力変換装置の構成の一例を示す図である。図11において、実施の形態1と同様の機器、素子等については同一符号を付す。図11におけるチョッパ回路6は、リアクタ3a、短絡手段4a、逆流防止素子5aで構成したチョッパ回路に、リアクタ3b、短絡手段4b、逆流防止素子5bからなるチョッパ回路を並列に接続した構成となっている。そして、逆流防止素子5a、5bには転流手段7を接続している。このため、本実施の形態においては、2つのチョッパ回路における転流手段7は共通としている。
図16〜30は本発明の実施の形態3に係る電力変換装置の構成の一例を示す図である。同様の動作を行う手段、素子等については、実施の形態1等で説明した図面と同一符号を付している。上述した実施の形態1、2では、単相の交流電源に接続され、電源を整流した後段で短絡手段を設けた電力変換装置について述べた。この他、例えば図16〜30に示すような、単相交流電源に対応した電力変換装置についても、転流手段7を設け転流制御を行うことで上記同様の効果が得られ、この転流手段7に故障が起きた場合でも装置を保護し、信頼性を向上する効果を得ることができる。このとき、例えば図16のように、整流素子2a等を逆流防止素子として転流手段7を設けるようにしてもよい。
また、図17は短絡手段4の構成の一例を示す図である。例えば図17(a)では、整流素子41a〜41dをブリッジ接続した短絡用整流回路41と、短絡用スイッチ42とで短絡手段4を構成している。図17(a)は短絡用スイッチ42として例えばIGBTのような双方向に電流を流せない素子を1つ用いる場合における一般的な構成を示している。他にも、図17(b)に示すように、例えばIGBT(絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ)、MOSFET(電界効果トランジスタ)等を複数個用いて構成する双方向スイッチ等で短絡手段4を構成してもよく、同様の効果を得ることができる。
図31〜図40は本発明の実施の形態3に係る電力変換装置の構成の一例を示す図である。同様の動作を行う手段、素子等については、実施の形態1等で説明した図面と同一符号を付している。上述した実施の形態1〜3では、単相の交流電源に対応した電力変換装置について述べてきた。この他、例えば、図31〜図40に示すような、三相交流電源対応の同様の方式の電力変換装置についても、転流手段7を設け転流制御を行うことで上記同様の効果が得られ、この転流手段7に故障が起きた場合でも装置を保護し、信頼性を向上する効果を得ることができる。
図41は本発明の実施の形態5に係るモータ駆動装置の構成の一例を示す図である。本実施の形態では、上述した電力変換装置を介した電力供給を行う負荷として、図41に示すようなインバータ回路90とモータ91とを接続する。また、インバータ回路90の動作を制御するインバータ制御手段92を有する。本発明に係る電力変換装置を適用することで、高効率、高信頼性であり、さらにこれらに設けた転流手段7に故障が起きた場合でも装置を保護し、信頼性を向上する効果を得ることができる。ここで、本実施の形態のようなモータ駆動装置において、前段の電力変換装置において転流手段7の異常を検出した場合には、インバータ制御手段92は、モータ91での負荷が小さくなるようにインバータ回路90の動作を調整するようにしてもよい。
図42は本発明の実施の形態6に係る冷凍空気調和装置の構成の一例を示す図である。本実施の形態では、上述した実施の形態5におけるモータ駆動装置を、空気調和装置の圧縮機、送風機の一方または双方に適用する場合について説明する。
Claims (18)
- 負荷側から電源側への電流の逆流を防止する1または複数の逆流防止素子と、
該逆流防止素子と並列接続した別経路に電流を流す転流動作を行うための転流手段と、
前記転流手段の異常を検出するための異常検出手段と、
前記異常検出手段の検出に基づいて前記転流手段の保護に係る動作制御を行う制御手段と
を備える電力変換装置。 - 前記電源に係る整流を行う整流回路を構成する整流素子の少なくとも1つを前記逆流防止素子とする請求項1記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記転流手段は、
前記別経路を流れる電流を整流する転流用整流素子と、
1次側巻線に係る電圧に基づく電圧を前記別経路上の2次側巻線に印加させ、前記転流動作を行う変圧器と、
前記変圧器の1次側巻線への電圧印加による励磁電流を制御する変圧器駆動装置と
を有する請求項1または2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 複数の前記逆流防止素子に、それぞれ前記転流用整流素子及び前記変圧器の2次側巻線を並列接続し、
前記変圧器の前記1次側巻線を共通とする請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 各逆流防止素子に対応した転流動作のタイミングを異ならせるために、各2次側巻線を逆巻きとする請求項4に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記変圧器駆動装置は、転流用電源と転流用スイッチとを有して前記変圧器の1次側巻線と接続し、
前記転流用スイッチの開閉により、前記転流用電源から前記変圧器の1次側巻線に流れる前記励磁電流を制御する請求項3記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段は、前記変圧器の1次側巻線もしくは2次側巻線の少なくとも一方を含む電流経路を遮断するための遮断スイッチを有し、
前記制御手段は、前記異常検出手段の出力に応じて、前記遮断スイッチに前記電流経路を遮断させる請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記異常検出手段の出力に応じて、前記転流手段が転流動作を行うタイミングを調整する請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記異常検出手段の出力に応じて、前記転流手段が転流動作を行う時間を調整する請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電源を短絡させて電流または電圧の少なくとも一方の制御を行う短絡手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記異常検出手段の出力に応じて、前記短絡手段の動作を停止する請求項3〜6のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。 - 報知を行うための報知手段をさらに備え、
前記制御手段は、前記異常検出手段の出力に応じて前記報知手段に異常の旨を報知させる請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記転流手段は、前記変圧器の1次側巻線もしくは2次側巻線の少なくとも一方を含む電流経路に電流抑制素子または電流遮断素子を設ける請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記転流用整流素子にワイドバンドギャップ半導体を用いる請求項3〜12のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料またはダイヤモンドを材料とする請求項13に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記電源の電圧を整流する整流回路と、
前記整流回路からの出力電圧を平滑する平滑手段と、
該平滑手段より前記電源側に配置され、前記電源を短絡させて電流または電圧の少なくとも一方の制御を行う短絡手段と、
前記短絡手段より前記電源側に配置されたリアクトルと
をさらに備える請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置。 - 請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載した電力変換装置の出力を交流電力に変換するインバータ装置と、
該インバータ装置を制御するインバータ制御手段と、
前記インバータ装置が変換した交流電力にて駆動するモータと
を備えるモータ駆動装置。 - 前記電力変換装置の異常検出手段が異常を検出すると、
前記インバータ制御手段は前記モータの駆動を制限する請求項16に記載のモータ駆動装置。 - 請求項16または17に記載のモータ駆動装置を、圧縮機または送風機の少なくとも一方を駆動するために備える冷凍空気調和装置。
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