WO2012103749A1 - 一种五轴刀具磨床 - Google Patents

一种五轴刀具磨床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012103749A1
WO2012103749A1 PCT/CN2011/079025 CN2011079025W WO2012103749A1 WO 2012103749 A1 WO2012103749 A1 WO 2012103749A1 CN 2011079025 W CN2011079025 W CN 2011079025W WO 2012103749 A1 WO2012103749 A1 WO 2012103749A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
spindle
grinding machine
pulley
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079025
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于德海
张文峰
郑君民
陈宏起
蔡春刚
贺行健
李经明
陈虎
郭强
曲鹏
林阳
林猛
刘沛
Original Assignee
大连科德数控有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 大连科德数控有限公司 filed Critical 大连科德数控有限公司
Priority to JP2013552086A priority Critical patent/JP2014507295A/ja
Priority to DE112011104816T priority patent/DE112011104816T5/de
Publication of WO2012103749A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012103749A1/zh
Priority to US13/955,906 priority patent/US8932113B2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/02—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements
    • B24B19/04—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements for fluting drill shanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grinding machine, and more particularly to a grinding machine mainly used for tool processing. Background technique
  • a grinding machine is a machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece with a grinding tool.
  • Most grinding machines use a high-speed rotating grinding wheel for grinding.
  • the problem is that in the prior art, the grinding machine generates a large amount of heat, which causes thermal deformation of the grinding wheel, the grinding tool, the bed of the grinding machine and the transmission part, thereby affecting the machining accuracy.
  • the invention aims to provide a five-axis tool grinding machine with high precision machining, which can improve the structural stability and the error compensation by changing the structure of the bed body and the symmetric setting, thereby reducing the machining error, improving the machining precision, and improving the processing performance and Processing efficiency extends machine life.
  • a five-axis tool grinder includes a grinder base and a post on one side of the grinder base.
  • the horizontal surface of the base of the grinding machine is circular
  • the column is a 180-degree curved structure curved along one side edge of the base; and the outer edge of the other side is closed by a curved vertical plate to form a groove body on the circular base;
  • the height of the vertical plate is smaller than the vertical column.
  • a cross slide is symmetrically disposed on a table of the base, and a clamp is seated on the slide.
  • the inner side of the vertical plate surrounding the trough body is a sloped surface, and the vertical plate is located outside the outer edge of the base, and is closed by a sloped surface and a closed plate at both ends of the curved vertical plate and a circular surface of the base. Said tank.
  • a slide rail is vertically disposed on the inner vertical surface of the pillar; the rail is provided with a grinding wheel head frame that acts along the slide rail.
  • the grinding wheel head frame comprises a vertically arranged torque motor, wherein the lower part of the torque motor is connected to a horizontally disposed main shaft through a turntable bearing, and two sides of the main shaft are symmetrically arranged to rotate around the main axis
  • the grinding wheel head frame further includes a large pulley that rotates at an upper portion; the large pulley connects the spindle pulley through a wide timing belt, the spindle pulley is sleeved in a middle portion of the spindle and drives the spindle Rotating; wherein a spindle motor is symmetrically disposed at both ends of the central axis of the large pulley, and the two symmetric spindle motors synchronously drive the central shaft of the large pulley to rotate.
  • the large pulley is further rotated by a transmission belt of
  • the overall structure of the five-axis tool grinding machine of the invention is symmetrical, thereby reducing machining errors, improving structural stability and facilitating error compensation.
  • the structure of the grinding machine of the present invention adds a grinding wheel head frame through the curved column, so that the fixing of the grinding wheel is more stable, and at the same time, the grinding wheel is conveniently moved as a tool by the setting of the guide rail, and the grinding wheel is driven by the vertical torque motor.
  • the present invention sets the motor for driving the grinding wheel to be placed above, instead of the lower part used in the prior art, further allowing the grinding wheel to give up the processing space, which is suitable for the free rotation of the grinding wheel, and at the same time, in order to increase the power of the grinding wheel,
  • the two motors drive the grinding wheel through the belt drive, so that the power of the grinding wheel during the machining process is large enough to meet different processing strength requirements.
  • the bilaterally symmetrical arrangement of the two motors improves the stability of the grinding machine, especially solving the heat dissipation problem and the machining error caused by the thermal deformation, reducing the vibration in the grinding machine processing, facilitating the error compensation, and finally achieving the effect of high precision machining.
  • a grinding machine capable of achieving a 360 degree free rotation of the grinding wheel head for grinding is not seen at home and abroad, and the five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention realizes the free rotation of the grinding wheel head by using a hollow torque motor.
  • the upper part of the torque motor is arranged in series and mirror symmetrical manner.
  • the output shafts of the two spindle motors rotate in the same direction to drive the grinding wheel around the center line in the center belt transmission mode, so as to achieve a fully balanced structure and satisfy the dynamic characteristics;
  • the method also makes the temperature field uniform, which is convenient for temperature compensation and is convenient for the deformation error; and the setting of the two spindle motors increases the output power and improves the grinding efficiency.
  • the grinding spindle drive achieves ⁇ 360. Rotation, thereby improving the processing technology, improving the processing efficiency, extending the service life of the machine, reducing the machining error, facilitating the temperature error compensation, and prolonging the service life of the machine tool.
  • the five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention is a five-axis tool grinding machine in which the first screw and the linear motor are used interchangeably, and has the following advantages:
  • the grinding wheel head frame adopts double motor, the drive is completely symmetrical, and the grinding wheel spindle can rotate 360 degrees.
  • the invention adopts the bed body of the circular base, so that the elongation generated by heat in each direction is similar, and the deformation direction due to heat is also approximated during the processing, so the precision in the workpiece processing is particularly high.
  • the machining error due to thermal deformation is much smaller than that of other types of grinding machines in the prior art.
  • the bed of the circular base has better stability and balance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a full-symmetric five-axis tool grinder of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing the full-symmetric five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a side view showing the structure of the fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a portion of a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding wheel head of the present invention. detailed description
  • a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinder of the present invention includes a grinder base 2, a post 56 located on one side of the grinder base 2.
  • the upper portion of the grinder base 2 is a table surface, and a cross slide table 3 is provided, and a jig for sitting on the slide table 3 for holding the workpiece to be ground is provided.
  • the slide rail 4 is vertically disposed on the inner vertical surface of the column 56; the slide rail 4 is provided with a grinding wheel head frame 1, which can slide up and down on the slide rail 4, and stops at the need of grinding as needed. work location.
  • there are two shafts 7 vertically mounted on the column and there are a lead screw between the two shafts and 7 seats.
  • the two shafts 7 support the two ends of the screw.
  • the screw is equipped with a screw nut and a lead screw.
  • the nut is mounted on the grinding wheel head frame.
  • the lower end of the screw rod is connected to the servo motor through the coupling.
  • the rotation of the motor drives the screw to rotate.
  • the screw rotation causes the screw nut to move linearly along the screw.
  • the screw nut drives the grinding wheel head frame to move up and down. .
  • the wheel head frame 1 includes a torque motor 16 that is vertically disposed.
  • the lower part of the torque motor 16 is connected to the horizontally disposed spindle 21 via a turntable bearing.
  • the side of the main shaft 21 is connected with a grinding wheel 23 rotating around the axis of the main shaft.
  • the grinding wheel can be symmetrically arranged by a plurality of sets of different grinding wheels to meet the needs of different grinding processes.
  • the wheel head frame 1 further includes a large pulley 9 that is rotated by the spindle motor 10 at the upper portion;
  • the pulley 9 is connected to the spindle pulley 20 via a wide timing belt 11, and the spindle pulley 20 is sleeved in the middle of the spindle 21 and drives the spindle 21 to rotate.
  • a spindle motor 10 is symmetrically disposed at both ends of the central axis of the large pulley 9, and the two symmetric spindle motors 10 synchronously drive the central axis of the large pulley 9 to rotate; specifically, for example, the spindle motor 10 is symmetrical.
  • the AC permanent magnet synchronous outer rotor motor is arranged and the windings of the two alternating current permanent magnet synchronous outer rotor motors are connected in series to synchronize the central axis rotation.
  • the driving mechanism at both ends of the central axis is provided with a host computer for comparing the actual position information of the two ends.
  • the rotating machine performs the rotating unit to the central axes of the two ends.
  • a compensation command is issued to adjust the rotation angle so that both ends are driven synchronously.
  • the large pulley 9 is also rotated by the transmission connection of the narrow timing belt 8 at the upper small pulley 7, which is coupled to the rotary shaft of the encoder 6.
  • a motor board 12 for connection fixing, a motor lands 13, an upper lands 15, a first lower yoke 17, and a second lower yoke 18.
  • a grinding wheel rod 22 for joining the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel spindle.
  • the ball bearing ring 14 is used as a bearing for the torque motor main shaft and for the connection of the upper and lower parts.
  • the bed of the grinding machine of the present invention comprises: a column, a base, a servo motor, a coupling, a lead screw, and a pallet.
  • the bed of the grinding machine is a curved round table body with uniform force.
  • the base is cast stone structure, damping and vibration damping, good heat resistance, good vibration absorption, good thermal stability and high corrosion resistance.
  • the screw and the linear motor can be used interchangeably.
  • the two driving modes can be used interchangeably to meet the needs of different users.
  • the linear motor model has high driving precision and is used with the grating ruler. The detection accuracy is high, but the cost is high.
  • the screw model is slightly lower in accuracy than the linear motor model, without a grating scale, and is semi-closed, but at a lower cost.
  • the working process of the screw model is: The servo motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupling, the servo motor rotates to drive the screw to rotate, and the screw rotates to drive the pallet (or the sliding table) to move.
  • the working process of the linear motor model is as follows:
  • the grating ruler is a detecting device, which is mounted on the base (or the sliding table). After the linear motor is connected to the power, the pallet (or the sliding table) is moved, and the pallet (or the sliding table) drives the reading head. mobile.
  • the axis of the sliding table motion is opposite to the axis of the grinding wheel head frame, and can be collinear with the axis of the workpiece spindle to achieve symmetrical machining, small movement stroke and good stability.
  • the wheel head frame includes: an encoder, a small pulley, a narrow timing belt, a large pulley, a spindle motor, a wide timing belt, a torque motor, a rotary table bearing, a spindle pulley, and a spindle.
  • the working process of the grinding machine of the invention is: 1.
  • the two spindle motors are connected in series, with one controller, which is cheaper.
  • the encoder is a detecting device installed at the upper end of the spindle motor housing.
  • the large pulley is directly fixed to the motor shaft.
  • the small pulley is fixed indirectly on the encoder shaft, and the narrow belt and the small pulley pass the narrow timing belt. Connection, the two spindle motors are connected by a key, synchronously rotated by series control, and rotated to drive the encoder through a narrow timing belt.
  • the spindle pulley is fixed on the spindle.
  • the large pulley and the spindle pulley are connected by a wide timing belt.
  • the spindle motor rotates to drive the spindle to rotate.
  • the grinding wheel rod is installed at both ends of the spindle.
  • the grinding wheel is fixed on the grinding wheel rod.
  • the spindle rotates and the grinding wheel starts to grind the tool.
  • the torque motor drives the spindle to complete 360 degree free rotation through the rotary table bearing.
  • the grinding wheel head frame moves up and down through the screw. During the movement, the spindle can complete 360 degrees of free rotation without interference.
  • the large pulley is mounted on the shaft of the two spindle motors, and the two spindle motors must be synchronized.
  • the wide timing belt passes through the center of the torque motor.
  • the wheel head frame is mounted on the column through the slide rail, and the screw is driven by the servo motor to move up and down.
  • the cross slide is driven in a linear motion by a combination of a slide rail and a motor-screw (or a slide rail and a linear motor).
  • the workpiece spindle is mounted on the pallet and has a symmetrical design to achieve the axis of the workpiece spindle facing the axis of the wheel head.
  • the upper horizontal surface of the base 2 is circular.
  • the base 2 has an arcuate column 56 with a curvature of 180 degrees along one side edge; the other side of the outer edge is closed by a curved vertical plate to a groove body 63 on the circular base; and the height of the vertical plate is smaller than the column.
  • the inner side of the vertical plate surrounding the trough body 63 is a slope surface 65, and the vertical plate is located outside the outer edge of the base of the base 6.
  • the slope surface 65 and the closing plate 66 at both ends of the curved vertical plate and the circular surface of the base are closed into a groove body 63.
  • the function of the tank 63 is to accommodate the cooling medium.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Description

一种五轴刀具磨床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磨床， 更具体地说， 涉及主要用于刀具加工的磨床。 背景技术
磨床是利用磨具对工件表面进行磨削加工的机床， 多数磨床使用高速旋转 的砂轮进行磨削加工。 问题在于， 现有技术下， 磨床加工会产生大量的热， 从 而使得砂轮、 被磨削工具、 磨床床体以及传动部分产生热变形， 进而影响加工 精度。 发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种高精度加工的五轴刀具磨床， 通过改变床体结构， 以 及对称设置， 提高结构稳定性， 便于误差补偿， 达到降低加工误差， 提高加工 精度； 以及提高加工工艺性能和加工效率， 延长了机床使用寿命。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明的技术解决方案如下：
一种五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座， 以及位于一侧立于磨床底座上的立柱。 其中， 磨床底座上水平表面为圓形， 立柱为顺着所述底座一侧边缘弯曲的 180 度弧形结构； 另一侧外缘由弧形立板封闭出一个位于圓形底座上的槽体； 且所 述立板的高度小于所述立柱。
优选方式下， 在所述底座的工作台上对称设置有十字滑台， 所述滑台上坐 有夹具。 此外， 围成所述槽体的立板内侧为斜坡面， 且所述立板位于所述底座 外缘的外侧， 由斜坡面和弧形立板两端的封闭板以及底座圓形表面封闭成所述 槽体。
此外， 所述立柱内侧立面上竖向设置滑轨； 所述滑轨上设置有沿滑轨动作 的砂轮头架。 所述砂轮头架包括竖向设置的力矩电机， 所述力矩电机下部通过 转台轴承连接水平设置的主轴， 所述主轴的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴线转动 的砂轮； 所述砂轮头架还包括位于上部旋转的大带轮； 所述大带轮通过宽同步 带连接主轴带轮， 所述主轴带轮套接于所述主轴的中部并带动所述主轴转动； 其中， 在所述大带轮的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机， 对称的两个所述主轴 电机同步驱动所述大带轮的中心轴转动。 优选方式下， 所述大带轮还通过窄同 步带的传动连接位于上部的小带轮转动， 所述小带轮连接了编码器的转轴。
本发明五轴刀具磨床整体结构对称， 从而降低加工误差， 提高结构稳定性， 便于误差补偿。 具体说， 本发明磨床的结构， 通过弧形立柱加设砂轮头架， 从 而使得砂轮的固定更加稳固， 同时通过导轨的设置方便作为刀具的砂轮自由走 位， 而且利用立式力矩电机驱动砂轮转动， 砂轮与立柱以及其他部件之间不存 在干涉， 从而达到砂轮 360度自由回转； 这些设置均加大了本发明磨床的加工 范围， 适合多类零部件的加工。 而且在设计上， 本发明将用于驱动砂轮转动的 电机设在上方， 而非现有技术采用的下部， 进一步为砂轮让出加工空间， 适合 砂轮自由回转， 同时为了增大砂轮的动力， 采用两部电机通过带传动驱动砂轮 回转， 使得加工过程中砂轮的动力足够大， 以满足不同的加工强度需要。 而且 两部电机左右对称设置使得磨床的稳定性提高， 尤其解决了散热问题以及因热 变形产生的加工误差， 降低磨床加工中的振动， 便于误差补偿， 最终达到高精 度加工的效果。
目前， 国内外还未见到能够实现砂轮头纵向 360度自由旋转实现磨削加工 的磨床， 而本发明五轴刀具磨床通过采用空心力矩电机实现砂轮头的自由旋转。 同时， 力矩电机上部以串联、 镜像对称的方式设置主轴电机， 两个主轴电机的 输出轴同向转动以中心带传动方式带动砂轮绕中心线转动， 从而达到全平衡结 构， 满足动态特性； 对称平衡方式也使得温度场均匀， 便于温度补偿， 便于变 形误差的弥补； 并且两个主轴电机的设置增大了输出功率， 提高了磨削效率。 磨削主轴传动实现 ±360。 旋转， 从而提高加工工艺性， 提高加工效率， 延长机 床使用寿命， 降低加工误差， 便于温度误差补偿， 延长机床机械的使用寿命。
综上， 本发明所述五轴刀具磨床整机为首台丝杠和直线电机互换使用的五 轴刀具磨床， 具有如下优点：
1. 对称式结构设计， 利于由于热变形引起加工误差的解决。
2. 对称式结构设计， 提高了结构稳定性， 热场分布均匀， 便于误差补偿。 3. 砂轮头架采用双电机， 驱动完全对称， 砂轮主轴能旋转 360度。
4. 加工工艺性能好， 加工效率高， 加工精度高；
5. 机床使用寿命延长， 进一步降低了加工成本。
本发明由于采用圓形底座的床体， 从而各个方向因热产生的延伸率相近似， 则在加工过程中， 因热产生形变各个方向也近似， 因此在工件加工中特别是对 精度要求较高的刀具加工中， 因热形变产生的加工误差远远小于现有技术下其 他种类的磨床结构。 同时圓形底座的床体具有更为优良的稳定性和平衡性。 附图说明
图 1是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床立体结构示意图；
图 2是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床主视结构示意图；
图 3是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床侧视结构示意图；
图 4是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床俯视结构示意图；
图 5是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床砂轮头架部分的剖视结构示意图。 具体实施方式
如图 1-4所示本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座 2、 位于一侧 立于磨床底座 2上的立柱 56。 图 1中， 磨床底座 2的上部为工作台表面， 设置 有十字滑台 3 , 以及坐于滑台 3上用于夹持被磨削工件的夹具。 图 2 中， 立柱 56内侧立面上竖向设置滑轨 4; 滑轨 4上设置有砂轮头架 1 , 砂轮头架可以在滑 轨 4上上下滑动， 并根据需要停止在需要磨削加工的工作位置。 具体说， 立柱 上竖直安装有两个轴 7 座， 两轴 7 座之间串有丝杠， 两轴 7 座是对丝杠两端起 支撑作用， 丝杠上装有丝杠螺母， 丝杠螺母安装在砂轮头架上， 丝杠下端通过 联轴器连接伺服电机， 电机转动带动丝杠转动， 丝杠转动带动丝杠螺母沿丝杠 做直线运动， 丝杠螺母带动砂轮头架座上下运动。
如图 5所示，砂轮头架 1包括竖向设置的力矩电机 16。 力矩电机 16下部通 过转台轴承连接水平设置的主轴 21。主轴 21的侧部连接有绕主轴轴线转动的砂 轮 23 , 砂轮可以采用多组不同砂轮对称设置的方式， 以满足不同磨削加工的需 要。 此外， 砂轮头架 1还包括位于上部由主轴电机 10带动旋转的大带轮 9; 大 带轮 9通过宽同步带 11连接主轴带轮 20,主轴带轮 20套接于主轴 21的中部并 带动主轴 21转动。 最优方式下， 在大带轮 9的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机 10, 对称的两个主轴电机 10同步驱动所述大带轮 9的中心轴转动； 具体说例如 主轴电机 10为对称设置交流永磁同步外转子电机并且两交流永磁同步外转子电 机的绕组串连从而同步中心轴转动。 再或者， 中心轴两端的驱动机构设置用于 比较两端实际位置信息的上位机， 当上位机判定中心轴两端转动同步偏差超出 预定值时， 则上位机向两端中心轴的转动执行部件发出补偿指令， 调整转动角 度， 使得两端同步驱动。
此外， 大带轮 9还通过窄同步带 8的传动连接位于上部的小带轮 7转动， 所述小带轮 7连接了编码器 6的转轴。 图 5中还示出了起到连接固定作用的电 机板 12、 电机连接盘 13、 上连接盘 15、 第一下连接盘 17、 第二下连接盘 18。 图中还示出了用于连接砂轮和砂轮主轴的砂轮杆 22。图中滚珠轴环 14用作力矩 电机主轴的轴承， 同时用于上下两部件的连接。
本发明磨床的床体包括： 立柱、 底座、 伺服电机、 联轴器、 丝杠、 托板。 磨床的床体为曲边圓台体， 受力均匀， 底座为铸石结构， 阻尼减振， 耐热性好， 吸振性好， 热稳定性好， 耐腐蚀性高。
而且丝杠和直线电机可以互换使用， 在一种机型上可实现两种驱动方式的 互换使用， 满足不同用户的需求， 直线电机机型驱动精度高， 配合光栅尺使用， 为全闭环， 检测精度高， 但成本较高。 丝杠机型相对于直线电机机型精度略低， 无光栅尺， 为半闭环， 但成本较低。 其中， 丝杠机型的工作过程为： 伺服电机 通过联轴器与丝杠连接， 伺服电机转动带动丝杠转动， 丝杠转动带动托板（或 者滑台）运动。 直线电机机型的工作过程为： 光栅尺为检测设备， 安装在底座 (或者滑台）上， 直线电机接电后带动托板（或者滑台）运动， 托板（或者滑 台） 带动读数头移动。
滑台运动的轴线正对砂轮头架运动的轴线， 并可实现与工件主轴的轴线共 线， 达到对称加工， 运动行程小， 稳定性好。
此外， 砂轮头架整体包括： 编码器、 小带轮、 窄同步带、 大带轮、 主轴电 机、 宽同步带、 力矩电机、 转台轴承、 主轴带轮、 主轴。
本发明磨床的工作过程为： 1.两个主轴电机为串联， 用一个控制器， 成本更低。
2.编码器为检测装置， 安装在主轴电机外壳的上端， 大带轮直接固定在电机 轴上， 小带轮间接固定在编码器轴上， 大带轮和小带轮之间通过窄同步带连接， 两个主轴电机之间通过键相连， 通过串联控制进行同步转动， 转动后通过窄同 步带带动编码器转动。
3.主轴带轮固定在主轴上， 大带轮和主轴带轮之间通过宽同步带连接， 主轴 电机转动带动主轴转动。
4.主轴两端安装有砂轮杆， 砂轮杆上固定有砂轮， 主轴转动， 砂轮开始磨削 刀具。
5.力矩电机通过转台轴承带动主轴完成 360度自由旋转。砂轮头架通过丝杠 上下运动， 运动过程中， 主轴都可完成 360度自由旋转， 不会出现干涉现象。
6.大带轮安装在两个主轴电机的轴上， 两个主轴电机必须同步。
7.宽同步带从力矩电机中心穿过。
8.砂轮头架通过滑轨安装在立柱上， 并通过伺服电机带动丝杠进行上下运 动。 十字滑台通过滑轨与电机 -丝杠的组合（或者滑轨与直线电机）来驱动进行 直线运动。 工件主轴安装在托板上， 采用对称设计， 可实现工件主轴轴线正对 砂轮头架轴线。
此外， 如图 1和图 4所示， 圓形底座的刀具磨床， 底座 2的上水平表面为 圓形。 底座 2上顺着一侧边缘立有弧度为 180度的弧形立柱 56; 另一侧外缘由 弧形立板封闭出一个位于圓形底座上的槽体 63; 且立板的高度小于立柱。 其中， 围成槽体 63的立板内侧为斜坡面 65 , 且立板位于 6底座外缘的外侧。 图 2中， 斜坡面 65和弧形立板两端的封闭板 66以及底座圓形表面封闭成槽体 63。 槽体 63的作用是容纳冷却介质。
以上所述， 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局 限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内， 根据本 发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

1、 一种五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座 (2), 以及位于一侧立于磨床底座 (2) 上的立柱 (56), 其特征在于， 磨床底座 (2)上水平表面为圓形， 立柱（56)为顺着所 述底座（2)—侧边缘弯曲的 180度弧形结构； 另一侧外缘由弧形立板封闭出一个 位于圓形底座上的槽体； 且所述立板的高度小于所述立柱。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于， 在所述底座的工作台 上对称设置有十字滑台 (3), 所述滑台 (3)上坐有夹具。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于， 围成所述槽体的 立板内侧为斜坡面， 且所述立板位于所述底座外缘的外侧， 由斜坡面和弧形立 板两端的封闭板以及底座圓形表面封闭成所述槽体。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于， 所述立柱 (56)内侧立 面上竖向设置滑轨 (4); 所述滑轨 (4)上设置有沿滑轨动作的砂轮头架 (1);
所述砂轮头架 (1)包括竖向设置的力矩电机 (16), 所述力矩电机 (16)下部通过 转台轴承连接水平设置的主轴 (21), 所述主轴 (21)的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴 线转动的砂轮 (23);
所述砂轮头架 (1)还包括位于上部旋转的大带轮 (9); 所述大带轮 (9)通过宽同 步带 (11)连接主轴带轮 (20), 所述主轴带轮 (20)套接于所述主轴 (21)的中部并带动 所述主轴 (21)转动； 其中， 在所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机 (10), 对称的两个所述主轴电机 (10)同步驱动所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴转动。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于， 所述大带轮 (9)还通过 窄同步带 (8)的传动连接位于上部的小带轮 (7)转动， 所述小带轮 (7)连接了编码器 (6)的转轴。
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