WO2011127663A1 - 齿轮柔性加工机 - Google Patents

齿轮柔性加工机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011127663A1
WO2011127663A1 PCT/CN2010/071836 CN2010071836W WO2011127663A1 WO 2011127663 A1 WO2011127663 A1 WO 2011127663A1 CN 2010071836 W CN2010071836 W CN 2010071836W WO 2011127663 A1 WO2011127663 A1 WO 2011127663A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spindle head
gear
processing machine
machine according
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/071836
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙尚传
王小椿
Original Assignee
配天(安徽)电子技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 配天(安徽)电子技术有限公司 filed Critical 配天(安徽)电子技术有限公司
Priority to CN2010800145091A priority Critical patent/CN102405121A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/071836 priority patent/WO2011127663A1/zh
Publication of WO2011127663A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011127663A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B23F17/006—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gear processing machine tool, in particular to a gear flexible processing machine. Background technique
  • a disk cutter is used for roughing the spur gear and the ring gear
  • a hob with a carbide or CBN (cubic boron nitride) insert is used for hot post-scraping of the spur gear, using inlaid carbide or CBN.
  • the cutter head of the blade performs hot post-scraping of the spiral bevel gear.
  • this machine for changing tools increases the machining efficiency to a certain extent, increases the general ability, or partially replaces the finishing equipment of a certain type of gear, the cost of these special tools is usually more expensive than the traditional tools, and some tools are It is also easy to damage during use, and it is difficult to fundamentally overcome the problems that occur when traditional machine tools are used to machine large modulus gears.
  • this gear processing machine for changing tools is not suitable for machining gear parts with shafts such as shaft cylinders, bevel gears, and worms.
  • shaft has a certain length, which will cause a horizontal span between the clamp and the tip when the workpiece is clamped. The rigidity of the workpiece support is insufficient, and the processing quality is not easy to ensure. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gear flexible processing machine capable of completing all kinds of gears and worm gears including shaft cylindrical and bevel gears by using a common tool or a customized tool having a wide range of use on the same machine tool.
  • the tooth shape processing process, the machine tool is compact in structure, convenient to use, high in processing efficiency, high in precision, and low in running cost.
  • a flat turntable having a vertical through hole and rotatable about a vertical axis
  • the end mill and the finger milling cutter can be installed on the spindle head to complete the spur gear, the tooth fan, the unrecessed groove integral herringbone gear, the spiral bevel gear, the straight tooth and the tangential bevel gear, and the internal gear. Roughing, semi-finishing and finishing of the ring, ZC worm and worm gear. In the machining of ZC worm, it is also possible to finish the worm with a grinding wheel with a circular cross section; it is also possible to install a three-sided edge milling cutter on the spindle head.
  • Face milling cutters and flat and tapered grinding wheels for roughing, semi-finishing and finishing of cylindrical gears, toothed fans, spiral bevel gears, spur and tangential bevel gears, TP worms and worm gears; It is provided with a vertical through hole, so that not only the disc gear can be smoothly installed, but also the shaft with the shaft gear can be placed in the through hole of the flat turntable, and the vertical clamping can be smoothly performed and processed, even if The machined workpiece has a long shaft, and it is only necessary to set a pit of corresponding depth below the machine base corresponding to the flat turntable, and a chip conveyor and a coolant pump are arranged at the bottom of the pit, and The pieces are clamped and machined in the vertical direction, and the rigidity of the clamping support is very good, and the machining precision is high.
  • the rack includes:
  • Two bed rails the two bed rails being located on both sides of the flat turntable;
  • the gantry comprises two columns and a beam disposed between the two columns, the two columns are slidably disposed on the two bed rails respectively, so that the beam of the gantry spans over the leveling table, and
  • the spindle head is attached to the beam and is movable in a horizontal direction parallel to the length of the beam and a vertical direction parallel to the vertical axis.
  • the cross member is provided with a slide plate slidably disposed along the length thereof,
  • a spindle head is disposed on the slider so that the spindle head is driven by the slider to achieve horizontal movement in the longitudinal direction of the beam.
  • the spindle head moves up and down along the vertical axis.
  • the beam is arranged to slide up and down between the two columns, the spindle head is arranged at the lower end of the slide plate, and the vertical movement of the beam moves up and down to move the spindle head up and down; the other is that the beam is fixedly mounted on the two columns.
  • the spindle head is arranged at the lower end of the ram, and the spindle is driven up and down to drive the spindle The head moves up and down.
  • the swingable spindle head has two configurations, and the preferred spindle head has a symmetrical large swing angle.
  • One of them is: The swing axis of the spindle head is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam, and the swing angle is between plus and minus 90 degrees.
  • the other is that the axis of oscillation of the spindle head is parallel to the normal direction of the plane formed by the column and the beam of the gantry, and the swing angle is between plus and minus 180 degrees.
  • such a spindle head having a symmetrical large swing angle can be designed by a person of ordinary skill in the art according to actual needs, and is not the focus of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment in which the swing axis of the moving beam and the spindle head is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the flat table with vertical through holes in Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a machine tool foundation having a pit for mounting a turret in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic view showing an embodiment of a normal direction of a plane formed by a column and a beam having a moving beam and a spindle head swing axis parallel to the gantry in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of Figure 6.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the swing axis of the fixed beam and the spindle head parallel to the length of the beam in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. A schematic structural view of an embodiment of the orientation.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of Figure 9.
  • Figure 11 is a left side view of Figure 9.
  • Fig. 12 is a structural schematic view showing an embodiment of a normal direction of a plane formed by a column and a beam having a sway axis and a spindle head swing axis parallel to the gantry in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a plan view of Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 is a left side view of Figure 12. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a gear flexible processing machine, comprising:
  • the flat turntable 1 has a vertical through hole 11 and is rotatable about a vertical axis A; and a frame 2, on which a spindle head 3 is provided, and the spindle head 3 can be displaced relative to the flat turntable 1.
  • All kinds of gears can be completed.
  • All the tooth forming processes of the worm gear pair include rough machining of the cogging, semi-finishing before and after the hot surface of the tooth surface, finishing after the tooth surface heat, and the process of the tooth top and the root fillet.
  • the end mill and the finger milling cutter are used to process all kinds of flexible processing machines for gears and worm gears. They have maximum flexibility and are especially suitable for processing all kinds of large-modulus transmission parts. However, since the tool diameter is limited by the width of the groove bottom groove, the machining efficiency of the medium and small modulus transmission parts is low when the end mill and the finger milling cutter are used.
  • the flexible processing machine for processing all kinds of gears and worm gears with three-face milling cutters, face milling cutters and flat and tapered grinding wheels has high processing efficiency, not only for machining large modulus gears and worm gear pairs, but also for small pieces. Good results can also be obtained in the processing of batch small and medium modulus gears and worm gear pairs.
  • the application range of this type of disc cutter is slightly smaller than that of the end mill and the finger cutter, which cannot be used to machine the herringbone teeth. Wheels, and the requirements for over-travel space at both ends of the tooth gap are high.
  • the flat rotating table 1 has a disk shape, and the upper surface of the flat rotating table 1 is provided with a plurality of T-shaped clamping grooves 10 for clamping the end faces of the workpiece, and the center line and vertical of the through holes 11 of the flat rotating table 1
  • the axis A coincides with the central axis of the turret 1, that is, the through hole 11 is located at the center of the turret 1, and the turret 1 is driven by the worm wheel 12 and the worm 13 provided inside thereof to follow the vertical axis A along the arrow F1. Make a positive or negative n X 360 degree turn.
  • Such a flat table 1 has a wide range of applications.
  • the workpiece when the center line and the vertical axis of the through hole of the turret 1 do not coincide with the central axis of the turret, the workpiece will generate a certain amount of eccentricity when rotated by the turret, and the turret is provided.
  • Machine tools can be used when machining eccentric workpieces such as cams.
  • the eccentric workpiece can be processed by mounting the workpiece in a through hole of the flat turntable with a certain degree of eccentricity.
  • the diameter D of the through hole 11 of the flat turntable 1 is controlled to be 12 to 15% of the outer diameter of the flat turntable 1.
  • the through hole 11 has a relatively large aperture, and the workpiece having a larger modulus or a larger diameter of the shaft is mounted.
  • the workpiece can be stably mounted on the work surface of the turret 1 by using a suitable jig.
  • the flat turntable 1 has a large aperture through hole 11, which has excellent versatility.
  • the rotary table 1 can be disposed on a machine tool foundation 9, the machine base 9 can be further provided with a pit 91 having a corresponding depth, and a chip conveyor 92 and a coolant pump 93 are disposed at the bottom of the pit 91. Therefore, when the workpiece having the long axis is clamped, the long axis thereof can pass through the through hole 11 of the flat turntable 1 and then protrude into the pit 91 for clamping, so that it is particularly suitable for clamping and processing the long axis of the belt. Workpiece. It is conceivable that the flat table 1 will not have to be provided with the ground hole 91 in the case where the shaft length of the machined shaft workpiece is small.
  • rack 2 includes:
  • Two bed rails 21, two bed rails 21 are located on both sides of the flat turntable 1, and the bed rails 21 can be fixed on the machine bed base 9, or can be fixed on other bases other than the machine tool foundation 9;
  • the gantry 22 includes two uprights 23 and a cross member 24 disposed between the two uprights 23, and the two uprights 23 are slidably disposed on the two bed rails 21, respectively, so that the cross member 24 of the gantry frame 22 is spanned
  • the spindle head 3 is attached to the beam 24 and can be in a horizontal direction (i.e., the X-axis) parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam 24 and a vertical direction (i.e., the Y-axis) parallel to the vertical axis A. mobile.
  • the uprights 23 are slidably disposed on the bed rails 21, two guide rails 211 and one ball screw 212 are respectively disposed on each of the bed rails 21, and the ball bars of the two uprights 23 on the two side bed rails 21
  • the driving of the bar 212 drives the entire gantry 22 to slide along the guide rail 212 on the bed rail 21 according to the arrow F2 (ie, the Z axis), but the present invention is not limited to the sliding arrangement of the column 23 by the ball screw 212 and the guide rail 211.
  • the gantry 22 can also be slidably disposed along the bed rail 21 by a linear motor and a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the gantry 22 has a symmetrical force performance, and the frame 2 is stable during operation, which is advantageous for ensuring machining accuracy and relatively low cost, and is realized by sliding the two columns 23 of the gantry 22 on the two bed rails 21 to realize Z.
  • the movement in the axial direction, together with the movement of the spindle head 3 in the horizontal direction X axis, the movement of the vertical direction Y axis, and the rotation of the flat table 1 about the vertical axis A and the swinging of the spindle head 3, can be three Machining is accomplished by a five-axis linkage of translational degrees of freedom and two degrees of freedom of rotation.
  • the frame 2 is not limited to include the aforementioned gantry 22, and other such as a derrick frame, a butterfly frame, etc. may be employed, and the bed rails 21 are symmetrically distributed on the slewing table 1 except for the foregoing.
  • the side beam 24 is arranged outside the frame of the span type, and a bed rail can be arranged on the side of the flat turntable to make the beam form a cantilever beam type frame, and the frame 2 can drive the spindle head 3 to be displaced relative to the flat turntable 1 That is, the specific structural form is not limited.
  • a layout in which the flat table 1 is fixed and the frame 2 is slid is used to adjust the processing position.
  • the structure for moving the spindle head 3 up and down in the vertical Y-axis direction is such that the beam 24 is slidably disposed between the two columns 23, and the lead screw 231 is respectively disposed on the two columns 23 of the gantry 22 and
  • the guide rail 232 is driven by the screw 231 to drive the beam 24 to move up and down in the Y-axis direction on the guide rail 232 by the arrow F3 to drive the spindle head 3 to move up and down;
  • the spindle head 3 is horizontally oriented on the beam 24.
  • the movement in the X-axis direction is that the cross member 24 is provided with a slide plate 4 slidably disposed along the longitudinal direction thereof, and the upper and lower guide rails and a ball screw are also disposed on the cross member 24 for being disposed on the cross member 24.
  • the slide 4 provides support, guide and driving force, and the spindle head 3 is disposed at the lower end of the slide 4, and the slide 3 is slid on the cross member 24 by the arrow F4 in the horizontal X-axis direction to drive the spindle head 3 Displacement in the X-axis direction.
  • the spindle head 3 preferably has a symmetrical large swing angle.
  • the pivot axis of the spindle head 3 is parallel to the X-axis of the beam 24 in the longitudinal direction, and the swing angle is between plus and minus 90 degrees.
  • the spindle head of such a large swing angle can be adjusted when the worm is machined.
  • the direction of the symmetrical swing angle of the spindle head 3 is used to machine the upper and lower tooth surfaces of the worm, and the workpiece is not required to be removed again, thereby improving the machining efficiency and ensuring the machining accuracy.
  • Embodiment 2 Embodiment 2
  • this embodiment is the same as the main structure, principle and effect of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated, except that the swing axis of the spindle head 3 and the column 23 and the beam 24 of the gantry 22 are different.
  • the normal direction of the formed plane is parallel, and the spindle head 3 is swung by the arrow F6, and the swing swing angle is between plus and minus 180 degrees.
  • the cross member 24 of the first embodiment is a moving beam that is slidably disposed between the two uprights 23, and the main shaft head 3 is directly disposed at the lower end of the slide 4, and the difference of this embodiment is: the cross member 24 is fixedly mounted Between the two columns 23, which are fixed beams, a ram 5 which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction is mounted on the slide 4, specifically, two vertical axes of the flat table 1 are arranged on the slide 4 A parallel guide rail and a ball screw provide support, guiding and driving force for the ram 5 provided on the slide 4, so that the ram 5 can be on the slide 4 along the vertical Y-axis direction by the arrow F7
  • the spindle head 3 is slid up and down, and the spindle head 3 is disposed at the lower end of the ram 5, so that the vertical movement of the spindle head 3 is caused by the vertical movement of the arrow F7
  • this embodiment is the same as the main structure, principle, and effect of the third embodiment.
  • the swing axis of the spindle head 3 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the beam in the third embodiment, and the swing angle is between plus and minus 90 degrees.
  • the embodiment differs in that: the pivot axis of the spindle head 3 is parallel to the normal direction of the plane formed by the column 23 and the beam 24 of the gantry 22, and the spindle head 3 is swung by the arrow F6. Between plus and minus 180 degrees.
  • the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and equivalent changes and modifications according to the present invention are provided by any other person on a gear processing machine.
  • the flat turntable of the vertical through hole should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Description

齿轮柔性加工机 技术领域
本发明有关于齿轮加工机床， 特别是有关一种齿轮柔性加工机。 背景技术
为了加工不同类型的齿轮和蜗轮副， 按照传统的机械制造工艺， 需要配备 不同类型的齿轮加工机床和专用刀具。即使是某一种齿轮，通常也至少需要配 备粗加工和精加工两台不同类型的机床。对于类似汽车齿轮这样大批量生产的 中、 小模数的齿轮， 传统的生产工艺是合理的。但对于单件或小批量生产的大 模数工业齿轮， 传统工艺就会暴露出设备投入成本高， 专用刀具制造周期长， 设备调整和齿面接触区调整时间占用生产时间的比例过高，部分设备利用率低 下， 运行成本高等问题， 导致供货周期长， 价格据高不下和某些品种的产品质 量不易保证的问题， 制约了重型设备的开发和生产。
随着刀具和工艺技术的发展， 在传统的齿轮制造领域中也出现了一些改 进， 以使某一台机床能尽可能的加工多种齿轮类型。例如采用碟形刀盘进行圆 柱齿轮和内齿圈的粗加工， 采用镶嵌硬质合金或 CBN (立方氮化硼） 刀片的滚 刀进行圆柱齿轮的热后刮削加工，采用镶嵌硬质合金或 CBN刀片的刀盘进行螺 旋锥齿轮的热后刮削加工。这种更换刀具的机床虽然在一定程度上提高了加工 效率， 增加了通用能力， 或部分替代某一类型齿轮的精加工设备， 但这些专用 刀具的成本通常比传统刀具更为昂贵， 有些刀具在使用过程中也比较容易损 坏， 难以从根本上克服传统机床加工大模数齿轮时出现的问题。 另外， 这种更 换刀具的齿轮加工机床， 也不适用于加工带轴圆柱、 圆锥齿轮、蜗杆等具有轴 杆的齿轮件， 虽然可以选择卧式机床来加工带轴的齿轮件，但因齿轮件的轴具 有一定的长度，会导致卧式机床在夹持工件时， 夹具和顶尖之间会存在较大的 跨距， 工件支撑夹持的刚性不足， 不易于保证加工质量。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种齿轮柔性加工机，能够在同一台机床上采用通用 刀具或具有较宽使用范围的定制刀具完成包括带轴圆柱和圆锥齿轮在内的各 类齿轮和蜗轮副的全部齿形加工工序，机床结构紧凑，使用方便，加工效率高、 精度高， 运行成本低。
本发明提供的齿轮柔性加工机， 包括：
平转台， 所述平转台具有竖直的通孔且能绕竖直轴线回转； 及
机架， 在所述机架上设有主轴头， 所述主轴头能相对所述平转台位移。 根据上述方案， 可在主轴头上安装端铣刀和指状铣刀来完成圆柱齿轮、齿 扇、 无退刀槽整体人字齿轮、 螺旋锥齿轮、 直齿和切向齿锥齿轮、 内齿圈、 ZC 蜗杆和蜗轮的粗加工、 半精加工和精加工， 在 ZC蜗杆的加工中， 也可以采用 具有圆弧截面的砂轮对蜗杆进行精加工； 还可以在主轴头上安装三面刃铣刀、 面铣刀和平面及锥面砂轮来完成圆柱齿轮、 齿扇、 螺旋锥齿轮、直齿和切向齿 锥齿轮、 TP蜗杆和蜗轮的粗加工、 半精加工和精加工； 同时由于平转台设有 竖直的通孔， 因此不仅可以顺利地安装盘状齿轮， 还可以通过将带轴齿轮的轴 设置在平转台的通孔内， 顺利地实现竖向的夹持再进行加工， 即使待加工的工 件具有较长的轴， 也只需在平转台对应的机床基础下方设置相应深度的地坑， 并在地坑底部设置排屑器和冷却液泵即可， 并且工件沿竖直方向夹持和加工， 其夹持支撑的刚性非常理想， 加工精度高。
在优选的实施方式中， 机架包括：
两个床轨， 所述两个床轨位于平转台的两侧； 及
龙门架，所述龙门架包括两个立柱和设于两个立柱之间的横梁， 两个立柱 分别滑动地设置于两个床轨上， 使龙门架的横梁跨置在平转台的上方， 而主轴 头连接在横梁上，且能在平行于横梁长度方向的水平方向和平行于竖直轴线的 竖直方向上移动。
在优选的实施方式中，在横梁上设有沿其长度方向滑动设置的溜板，所述 主轴头设置在所述溜板上，从而由所述溜板带动所述主轴头实现沿横梁长度方 向的水平方向的移动。而至于主轴头沿竖直轴线的上下移动的方式， 可以有两 种结构。一种是使横梁上下滑动地设置在两个立柱之间， 主轴头设在溜板的下 端， 由横梁的上下移动来带动主轴头的上下移动； 另一种是横梁固定地安装在 两个立柱之间， 使主轴头相对溜板上下滑动的安装， 具体是在溜板上安装有可 沿竖直方向上下移动的滑枕， 主轴头设在滑枕的下端， 由滑枕的上下移动带动 主轴头的上下移动。
在本发明中， 可摆动的主轴头有两种结构，优选的主轴头具有对称的大摆 动角度。其中一种是： 所述主轴头的摆动轴线与横梁长度方向平行， 摆动角度 介于正负 90度之间。 另一种是主轴头的摆动轴线与龙门架的立柱和横梁构成 的平面的法线方向平行， 摆动角度介于正负 180度之间。在本发明中这种具有 对称大摆角的主轴头， 可由本领域的普通技术人员依实际需求设计出来， 不是 本发明的重点， 在此不再详细介绍。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明实施方式 1中具有动梁和主轴头摆动轴线平行于横梁长度 方向的实施例结构的示意图。
图 2 为图 1的俯视图。
图 3 为图 1的左视图。
图 4 为图 1中具有竖直的通孔的平转台的剖视图。
图 5 为本发明中用于安装平转台的具有地坑的机床基础的示意图。 图 6 为本发明实施方式 2中具有动梁和主轴头摆动轴线平行于龙门架的 立柱和横梁构成的平面的法线方向的实施例的结构示意图。
图 7 为图 6的俯视图。
图 8 为图 6的左视图。
图 9 为本发明实施方式 3中具有定梁和主轴头摆动轴线平行于横梁长度 方向的实施例的结构示意图。
图 10 为图 9的俯视图。
图 11 为图 9的左视图。
图 12 为本发明实施方式 4中具有定梁和主轴头摆动轴线平行于龙门架 的立柱和横梁构成的平面的法线方向的实施例的结构示意图。
图 13 为图 12的俯视图。
图 14 为图 12的左视图。 具体实施方式
实施方式 1
如图 1〜5所示， 本发明提供一种齿轮柔性加工机， 包括：
平转台 1， 平转台 1具有竖直的通孔 11且能绕竖直轴线 A回转； 及 机架 2， 在机架 2上设有主轴头 3， 主轴头 3能相对平转台 1位移。
通过在主轴头 3上安装端铣刀和指状铣刀、三面刃铣刀、面铣刀和平面及 锥面砂轮等通用刀具或具有较宽使用范围的定制刀具，就能完成各类齿轮和蜗 轮副的全部齿形加工工序，包括齿槽的粗加工，齿面的热前及热后的半精加工、 齿面热后的精加工及齿顶和齿根圆角加工等工序， 机床结构紧凑， 使用方便， 加工效率高， 运行成本低， 特别是带轴的工件 8沿竖直方向夹持， 其夹持支撑 的刚性非常理想， 加工精度高， 特别适合于带轴工件的加工。
其中：采用端铣刀和指状铣刀来加工各类齿轮和蜗轮副的柔性加工机， 具 有最大的柔性，特别适合于加工各类大模数的传动零件。但由于刀具直径受齿 槽槽底宽度的限制，采用端铣刀和指状铣刀加工中、小模数的传动类零件时加 工效率较低。采用三面刃铣刀、面铣刀和平面及锥面砂轮来加工各类齿轮和蜗 轮副的柔性加工机具有很高的加工效率， 不仅适用于加工大模数齿轮和蜗轮 副， 在单件小批量中小模数齿轮和蜗轮副的加工中也能获得很好的综合效果。 但这类盘形刀具的适用范围略小于端铣刀和指状铣刀， 不能用于加工人字齿 轮， 并且对齿槽两端的越程空间要求较高。
如图 4所示， 平转台 1呈圆盘形， 平转台 1的上表面设有多个用于夹持工 件端面的 T型夹槽 10， 平转台 1的通孔 11的中心线、 竖直轴线 A均与平转台 1的中心轴线重合， 也就是说通孔 11位于平转台 1的正中心， 平转台 1由设 于其内部的蜗轮 12和蜗杆 13驱动以沿箭头 F1绕竖直轴线 A作正负 n X 360 度的回转。此类平转台 1具有较宽的适用范围。可以想到的， 平转台 1的通孔 的中心线和竖直轴线在不与平转台的中心轴线重合时，工件在平转台的带动下 旋转时会产生一定的偏心量，具有此类平转台的机床在加工例如凸轮等偏心类 工件时会有应用的情况。 当然，在平转台的通孔的中心线及竖直轴线与平转台 的中心轴线重合时，可以通过将工件以一定的偏心度安装在平转台的通孔内来 进行偏心工件的加工。 优选使平转台 1的通孔 11的孔径 D控制在平转台 1外 径的 12〜15%， 通孔 11具有相对较大的孔径， 在安装夹持大模数或轴杆直径 更大的工件时， 具有相当的优势； 而在夹持小模数或小径轴杆时， 可以采用适 当的夹具将工件稳固地安装平转台 1的工作台面上。平转台 1具有大孔径的通 孔 11， 会具有优异的通用性。
如图 5所示， 平转台 1可设置于一机床基础 9上，机床基础 9可以进一歩 设置具有相应深度的地坑 91，在地坑 91的底部设置排屑器 92和冷却液泵 93， 从而在夹持具有长轴的工件时， 其长轴可以穿过平转台 1的通孔 11后再伸入 至地坑 91内以进行夹持， 因此特别适合于夹持和加工带长轴的工件。 可以想 到的， 平转台 1 在所加工的带轴类工件的轴长度较小的情况下， 机床基础 9 将不必设置地坑 91。
如图 1、 2、 3所示， 机架 2包括：
两个床轨 21， 两个床轨 21位于平转台 1的两侧， 床轨 21可以固定在机 床基础 9上， 也可以固定在除了机床基础 9以外的其它基台上； 及
龙门架 22，龙门架 22包括两个立柱 23和设于两个立柱 23之间的横梁 24， 两个立柱 23分别滑动地设置于两个床轨 21上，使龙门架 22的横梁 24跨置在 平转台 1的上方， 而主轴头 3连接在横梁 24上， 且能在平行于横梁 24长度方 向的水平方向 （即 X轴） 和平行于竖直轴线 A的竖直方向 （即 Y轴） 上移动。 其中对于立柱 23滑动设置在床轨 21上的方式， 可在每个床轨 21上分别设置 两条导轨 211和一根滚珠丝杠 212， 两个立柱 23在两侧床轨 21上的滚珠丝杠 212的驱动下带动整个龙门架 22依箭头 F2 (即 Z轴）沿床轨 21上的导轨 212 滑动， 但本发明并不局限于由滚珠丝杠 212和导轨 211将立柱 23滑动地设置 在床轨 21上， 例如还可以通过直线电机和液压缸驱动龙门架 22沿床轨 21滑 动地设置。
龙门架 22具有对称的受力性能， 运行时机架 2稳定， 有利于保证加工精 度、 并且成本也相对较低， 通过龙门架 22的两个立柱 23在两个床轨 21上滑 动来实现 Z轴方向的移动， 加上主轴头 3沿水平方向 X轴的移动、 竖直方向 Y 轴的移动， 以及平转台 1绕竖直轴线 A的回转及主轴头 3的摆动回转， 就能够 以三个平动自由度、两个回转自由度的五轴联动的方式完成机加工。在本发明 中， 机架 2并不局限于包括前述的龙门架 22， 其它的例如井字架、 蝶型架等 同样可以采用， 并且除了前面讲到的床轨 21对称分布于平转台 1两侧使横梁 24 呈跨置类型的机架以外， 还可以在平转台一侧设置一个床轨、 使横梁构成 一种悬臂梁类型的机架， 机架 2能够带动主轴头 3相对平转台 1位移即可， 具 体的结构形式不作限制。
本发明中， 采用了平转台 1固定、 机架 2滑动的布局， 来调整加工位置。 当然， 也可以采用机架 2固定、 平转台 1滑动的布局， 此时需要对平转台的旋 转机构和平移机构综合设计。
现详细说明实现主轴头 3相对平转台 1在 X轴、 Y轴方向动作的方式。 其 中： 使主轴头 3沿竖直的 Y轴方向上下移动的结构， 是使横梁 24上下滑动地 设置在两个立柱 23之间， 在龙门架 22的两侧立柱 23上分别设置丝杠 231和 导轨 232， 由丝杆 231驱动横梁 24依箭头 F3在导轨 232上进行 Y轴方向的上 下移动， 来带动主轴头 3上下移动； 而使主轴头 3在横梁 24上实现水平方向 的 X轴方向的移动， 是在横梁 24上设有沿其长度方向滑动设置的溜板 4， 同 样可在横梁 24上设置有上下两根导轨和一根滚珠丝杠，为设置在横梁 24上的 溜板 4提供支承、 导向和驱动力， 而主轴头 3设在溜板 4的下端， 由溜板 3 在横梁 24上依箭头 F4在水平的 X轴方向的滑动，来带动主轴头 3作 X轴方向 的位移。
如图 3所示， 主轴头 3优选具有对称的大摆动角度。主轴头 3的摆动轴线 与横梁 24长度方向的 X轴平行， 摆动角度介于正负 90度之间， 如箭头 F5所 示， 此类大摆角的主轴头， 在加工蜗杆时， 能通过调整主轴头 3的对称摆动角 度的方向， 来加工蜗杆的上下齿面， 不需拆掉工件再次掉头安装， 提高了加工 效率， 也能保证加工精度。 实施方式 2
如图 6〜8所示， 该实施方式与实施方式 1的主要结构、 原理和效果相同， 不再重述， 不同之处是： 主轴头 3的摆动轴线与龙门架 22的立柱 23和横梁 24构成的平面的法线方向平行， 主轴头 3依箭头 F6摆动， 回转摆动角度介于 正负 180度之间。 实施方式 3
如图 9〜11所示，该实施方式与实施方式 1的主要结构、原理和效果相同， 不再重述。相对于实施方式 1中横梁 24为滑动设置在两个立柱 23之间的动梁， 主轴头 3直接设在溜板 4的下端而言， 该实施方式的不同之处是： 横梁 24固 定地安装在两个立柱 23之间， 为定梁， 在溜板 4上安装有可沿竖直方向上下 移动的滑枕 5， 具体是在溜板 4上设置有两根与平转台 1的竖直轴线 A平行的 导轨和一根滚珠丝杠， 为设置在溜板 4上的滑枕 5提供支承、 导向和驱动力， 使滑枕 5可以在溜板 4上沿竖直的 Y轴方向依箭头 F7上下滑动， 而主轴头 3 设在滑枕 5的下端， 从而由滑枕 5的上下移动带动主轴头 3的上下移动。 实施方式 4
如图 11〜14所示， 该实施方式与实施方式 3的主要结构、 原理和效果相 同， 相对于实施方式 3中主轴头 3的摆动轴线与横梁长度方向平行， 摆动角度 介于正负 90度之间而言， 该实施方式的不同之处是： 主轴头 3的摆动轴线与 龙门架 22的立柱 23和横梁 24构成的平面的法线方向平行， 主轴头 3依箭头 F6摆动， 摆动范围介于正负 180度之间。 但以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 当不能以此限定本发明实施的 范围， 凡依本发明的发明内容所作的等同变化与修饰， 即任何他人在齿轮加工 机床上设置带有竖直通孔的平转台， 均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 包括：
平转台， 所述平转台具有竖直的通孔且能绕竖直轴线回转； 及
机架， 在所述机架上设有主轴头， 所述主轴头能相对所述平转台位移。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述通孔的中 心线、 竖直轴线均与所述平转台的中心轴线重合。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述通孔的孔 径为平转台外径的 12〜： 15%。
4. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述机架 包括：
两个床轨， 所述两个床轨位于所述平转台的两侧； 及
龙门架，所述龙门架包括两个立柱和设于两个立柱之间的横梁， 所述两个 立柱分别滑动地设置于所述两个床轨上， 使所述横梁跨置在所述平转台的上 方，所述主轴头连接在所述横梁上， 且能在平行于横梁长度方向的水平方向和 平行于竖直轴线的竖直方向上移动。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述平转台设 置于机床基础之上，所述机床基础具有地坑，在所述地坑底部设置排屑器和冷 却液泵， 所述两个床轨也设置于所述机床基础之上。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述横梁上下 滑动地设置在两个立柱之间， 在所述横梁上设有沿其长度方向滑动设置的溜 板， 主轴头设在所述溜板的下端， 由横梁的上下移动来带动主轴头上下移动。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述横梁固定 地安装在两个立柱之间， 在所述横梁上设有沿其长度方向滑动设置的溜板，在 所述溜板上设有沿竖直方向上下滑动设置的滑枕，所述主轴头设在所述滑枕的 下端， 由滑枕的上下移动带动主轴头上下移动。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述主轴头的 摆动轴线与横梁长度方向平行， 摆动角度介于正负 90度之间。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述主轴头的 摆动轴线与龙门架的立柱和横梁构成的平面的法线方向平行，摆动角度介于正 负 180度之间。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述主轴头的 摆动轴线与横梁长度方向平行， 摆动角度介于正负 90度之间。
11. 根据权利要求 7所述的齿轮柔性加工机， 其特征在于， 所述主轴头的 摆动轴线与龙门架的立柱和横梁构成的平面的法线方向平行，摆动角度介于正 负 180度之间。
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