WO2012129888A1 - 全对称式五轴刀具磨床及其砂轮头架 - Google Patents

全对称式五轴刀具磨床及其砂轮头架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012129888A1
WO2012129888A1 PCT/CN2011/079026 CN2011079026W WO2012129888A1 WO 2012129888 A1 WO2012129888 A1 WO 2012129888A1 CN 2011079026 W CN2011079026 W CN 2011079026W WO 2012129888 A1 WO2012129888 A1 WO 2012129888A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main shaft
spindle
pulley
grinding wheel
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/079026
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于德海
张文峰
蔡春刚
贺行健
李经明
郭强
曲鹏
林阳
Original Assignee
大连科德数控有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2011200825203U external-priority patent/CN202180383U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110073436.XA external-priority patent/CN102689239B/zh
Application filed by 大连科德数控有限公司 filed Critical 大连科德数控有限公司
Priority to DE112011105096.8T priority Critical patent/DE112011105096T5/de
Priority to JP2014500231A priority patent/JP2014508654A/ja
Publication of WO2012129888A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012129888A1/zh
Priority to US14/036,735 priority patent/US9028299B2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grinding machine, and more particularly to a grinding machine mainly used for tool processing. Background technique
  • a grinding machine is a machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece with a grinding tool.
  • Most grinding machines use a high-speed rotating grinding wheel for grinding.
  • the problem is that in the prior art, the grinding machine generates a large amount of heat, which causes thermal deformation of the grinding wheel, the grinding tool, the bed of the grinding machine and the transmission part, thereby affecting the machining accuracy.
  • the invention aims to provide a five-axis tool grinding machine with high precision machining, which can improve the structural stability, reduce the machining error, and reduce the machining error by changing the structure of the bed body and the symmetric setting, thereby improving the machining precision and improving the machining process. Performance and processing efficiency; and extending the life of the machine.
  • a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinder includes a grinder base and a post on one side of the grinder base.
  • a sliding rail is vertically disposed on the inner side of the column; the sliding rail is provided with a grinding wheel head along the sliding rail.
  • the wheel head frame includes a vertically arranged torque motor, and the lower part of the torque motor is connected to a horizontally disposed main shaft through a turntable bearing, and the grinding wheel rotating around the spindle axis is symmetrically disposed on both sides of the main shaft.
  • the wheel head frame further includes a large pulley that rotates at an upper portion; the large pulley connects the spindle pulley through a wide timing belt, the spindle pulley is sleeved in a middle portion of the spindle and drives the spindle to rotate;
  • a spindle motor is symmetrically disposed at both ends of the central axis of the large pulley, and the two symmetric spindle motors synchronously drive the central shaft of the large pulley to rotate.
  • the large pulley is further rotated by the transmission belt of the narrow timing belt at the upper small pulley, which is connected to the rotating shaft of the encoder.
  • the grinder base is cast stone or natural marble structure.
  • the use of cast stone and natural marble is characterized by high rigidity, high hardness and no deformation.
  • the shape and structure of the grinder base of cast stone or natural marble structure is a metal structure having a circular upper horizontal surface
  • the vertical column is a 180-degree curved structure curved along one side edge of the base; and the outer edge of the other side is closed by an arc-shaped vertical plate.
  • a trough body on a circular base; and the height of the riser is smaller than the upright.
  • the table on the base of the grinding machine is symmetrically arranged with a cross slide, and the clamp is seated on the slide table, so that the workpiece to be ground can be arbitrarily operated, the degree of freedom is increased, and the application of the grinding machine is expanded. range.
  • the inner side of the vertical plate surrounding the trough body is a sloped surface
  • the vertical plate is located outside the outer edge of the base, and is closed by a sloped surface and a closed plate at both ends of the curved vertical plate and a circular surface of the base. Said tank.
  • the invention also discloses a grinding wheel head frame of the fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding machine, the grinding wheel head frame comprising:
  • a vertically arranged torque motor wherein a lower portion of the torque motor is connected to a horizontally disposed main shaft through a turntable bearing, and two sides of the main shaft are symmetrically disposed with a grinding wheel that rotates about the spindle axis;
  • the large pulley that is rotated at an upper portion, the large pulley is connected to the main shaft pulley through a wide timing belt, the main shaft pulley is sleeved in a middle portion of the main shaft and drives the main shaft to rotate; wherein, the large pulley A spindle motor is symmetrically disposed at both ends of the central axis, and the two symmetric spindle motors synchronously drive the central axis of the large pulley to rotate.
  • the overall structure of the five-axis tool grinding machine of the invention is symmetrical, thereby reducing machining error, improving structural stability, facilitating error compensation, improving processing performance, and prolonging the service life of the machine tool.
  • the grinding machine structure of the present invention adds a grinding wheel head frame through the curved vertical column, so that the fixing of the grinding wheel is more stable; at the same time, the grinding wheel is conveniently positioned as a tool by the setting of the guiding rail, and the grinding wheel is driven by the vertical torque motor.
  • the present invention sets the motor for driving the grinding wheel to be placed above, instead of the lower part used in the prior art, further
  • the grinding wheel gives up the processing space, which is suitable for the free rotation of the grinding wheel.
  • two motors are used to drive the grinding wheel to rotate through the belt drive, so that the power of the grinding wheel during the machining process is large enough to meet different processing strength requirements.
  • the bilaterally symmetric arrangement of the two motors improves the stability of the grinding machine, and particularly solves the heat dissipation problem and the machining error caused by the thermal deformation, reduces the vibration in the grinding machine processing, facilitates the error compensation, and finally achieves the effect of high precision machining.
  • a grinding machine capable of achieving a 360 degree free rotation of the grinding wheel head for grinding is not seen at home and abroad, and the five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention realizes the free rotation of the grinding wheel head by using a hollow torque motor.
  • the upper part of the torque motor is arranged in series and mirror symmetrical manner, and the output shafts of the two spindle motors rotate in the same direction to drive the grinding wheel around the center line in the center belt transmission mode, thereby achieving a fully balanced structure and satisfying the dynamics.
  • Characteristics; Symmetrical balance mode also makes the temperature field uniform, which is convenient for temperature compensation and facilitates the compensation of deformation error; and the setting of two spindle motors increases the output power and improves the grinding efficiency; and the grinding spindle drive realizes ⁇ 360. Rotation;
  • the above arrangement expands the processing range of the grinding machine of the present invention, so that it can be more widely applied to processing various types of parts, greatly improving the processing performance, improving the processing efficiency, and reducing the processing efficiency.
  • the machining error improves the machining accuracy; and the temperature error compensation is facilitated, which prolongs the service life of the machine tool.
  • the fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinder of the present invention is a five-axis tool grinder that is used interchangeably between the first lead screw and the linear motor, and has the following advantages:
  • the grinding wheel head frame adopts double motor, the driving is completely symmetrical, and the grinding wheel spindle can rotate 360 degrees.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a full-symmetric five-axis tool grinder of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing the full-symmetric five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a side view showing the structure of the fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding machine of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a portion of a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinding wheel head of the present invention. detailed description
  • a fully symmetrical five-axis tool grinder of the present invention includes a grinder base 2, a post 56 located on one side of the grinder base 2.
  • the upper portion of the grinder base 2 is a table surface, a cross slide table 3 is provided, and a jig for sitting on the slide table 3 for holding the workpiece to be ground is provided.
  • the slide rail 4 is vertically disposed on the inner vertical surface of the column 56; the slide rail 4 is provided with a grinding wheel head frame 1, which can slide up and down on the slide rail 4, and stops at the need of grinding as needed. work location.
  • the two shafts 7 support the two ends of the screw.
  • the screw is equipped with a screw nut and a lead screw.
  • the nut is mounted on the grinding wheel head frame.
  • the lower end of the screw rod is connected to the servo motor through the coupling.
  • the rotation of the motor drives the screw to rotate.
  • the screw rotation causes the screw nut to move linearly along the screw.
  • the screw nut drives the grinding wheel head frame to move up and down.
  • the wheel head frame 1 includes a torque motor 16 that is vertically disposed.
  • the lower part of the torque motor 16 is connected to the horizontally disposed spindle 21 via a turntable bearing.
  • the side of the main shaft 21 is connected with a grinding wheel 23 rotating around the axis of the main shaft.
  • the grinding wheel can be symmetrically arranged by a plurality of sets of different grinding wheels to meet the needs of different grinding processes.
  • the wheel head frame 1 further includes a large pulley 9 which is rotated by the spindle motor 10 at the upper portion; the large pulley 9 is connected to the spindle pulley 20 via the wide timing belt 11, and the spindle pulley 20 is sleeved in the middle of the spindle 21 and driven The spindle 21 rotates.
  • a spindle motor 10 is symmetrically disposed at both ends of the central axis of the large pulley 9, and the two symmetric spindle motors 10 synchronously drive the central axis of the large pulley 9 to rotate; specifically, for example, the spindle motor 10 is symmetrical.
  • the AC permanent magnet synchronous outer rotor motor is arranged and the windings of the two alternating current permanent magnet synchronous outer rotor motors are connected in series to synchronize the central axis rotation.
  • the driving mechanism at both ends of the central axis is provided with a host computer for comparing the actual position information of the two ends.
  • the rotating machine When the upper computer determines that the rotational deviation of the two ends of the central axis exceeds a predetermined value, the rotating machine performs the rotating unit to the central axes of the two ends. A compensation command is issued to adjust the rotation angle so that both ends are driven synchronously.
  • the large pulley 9 is also rotated by the transmission connection of the narrow timing belt 8 at the upper small pulley 7, which is coupled to the rotary shaft of the encoder 6.
  • a motor board 12 for connection fixing, a motor lands 13, an upper lands 15, a first lower yoke 17, and a second lower yoke 18.
  • a grinding wheel rod 22 for joining the grinding wheel and the grinding wheel spindle.
  • the ball bearing ring 14 is used as a bearing for the torque motor main shaft and for the connection of the upper and lower parts.
  • the bed of the grinding machine of the present invention comprises: a column, a base, a servo motor, a coupling, a lead screw, and a pallet.
  • the bed of the grinding machine is curved and cylindrical, and the force is even.
  • the base is cast stone structure, damping and vibration damping, good heat resistance, good vibration absorption, good thermal stability and high corrosion resistance.
  • the screw and the linear motor can be used interchangeably.
  • the two driving modes can be used interchangeably to meet the needs of different users.
  • the linear motor model has high driving precision and is used with the grating ruler. The detection accuracy is high, but the cost is high.
  • the screw model is slightly lower in accuracy than the linear motor model, without a grating scale, and is semi-closed, but at a lower cost.
  • the working process of the screw model is: The servo motor is connected with the lead screw through the coupling, the servo motor rotates to drive the screw to rotate, and the screw rotates to drive the pallet (or the sliding table) to move.
  • the working process of the linear motor model is as follows:
  • the grating ruler is a detecting device, which is mounted on the base (or the sliding table). After the linear motor is connected to the power, the pallet (or the sliding table) is moved, and the pallet (or the sliding table) drives the reading head. mobile.
  • the axis of the sliding table motion is opposite to the axis of the grinding wheel head frame, and can be collinear with the axis of the workpiece spindle to achieve symmetrical machining, small movement stroke and good stability.
  • the wheel head frame includes: encoder, small pulley, narrow timing belt, large pulley, spindle power Machine, wide timing belt, torque motor, rotary table bearing, spindle pulley, spindle.
  • the working process of the grinding machine of the invention is:
  • the two spindle motors are connected in series, and one controller is used, which is lower in cost.
  • the encoder is a detecting device installed at the upper end of the spindle motor housing.
  • the large pulley is directly fixed to the motor shaft.
  • the small pulley is fixed indirectly on the encoder shaft, and the narrow belt and the small pulley pass the narrow timing belt. Connection, the two spindle motors are connected by a key, synchronously rotated by series control, and rotated to drive the encoder through a narrow timing belt.
  • the spindle pulley is fixed on the spindle.
  • the large pulley and the spindle pulley are connected by a wide timing belt.
  • the spindle motor rotates to drive the spindle to rotate.
  • the grinding wheel rod is installed at both ends of the spindle.
  • the grinding wheel is fixed on the grinding wheel rod.
  • the spindle rotates and the grinding wheel starts to grind the tool.
  • the torque motor drives the spindle to complete 360 degree free rotation through the rotary table bearing.
  • the grinding wheel head frame moves up and down through the screw. During the movement, the spindle can complete 360 degrees of free rotation without interference.
  • the large pulley is mounted on the shaft of the two spindle motors, and the two spindle motors must be synchronized.
  • the wide timing belt passes through the center of the torque motor.
  • the wheel head frame is mounted on the column through the slide rail, and the screw is driven by the servo motor to move up and down.
  • the cross slide is driven in a linear motion by a combination of a slide rail and a motor-screw (or a slide rail and a linear motor).
  • the workpiece spindle is mounted on the pallet and has a symmetrical design to achieve the axis of the workpiece spindle facing the axis of the wheel head.
  • the upper horizontal surface of the base 2 is circular.
  • the base 2 has an arcuate column 56 with a curvature of 180 degrees along one side edge; the other side of the outer edge is closed by a curved vertical plate to a groove 63 on the circular base; and the height of the vertical plate is smaller than the column.
  • the inner side of the vertical plate enclosing the trough body 63 is a slope surface 65, and the vertical plate is located outside the outer edge of the base 6 of the base.
  • the slope surface 65 and the closing plate 66 at both ends of the curved vertical plate and the circular surface of the base are closed into a groove body 63.
  • the function of the tank 63 is to accommodate the cooling medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Description

说 明 书
全对称式五轴刀具磨床及其砂轮头架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磨床， 更具体地说， 涉及主要用于刀具加工的磨床。 背景技术
磨床是利用磨具对工件表面进行磨削加工的机床， 多数磨床使用高速旋转 的砂轮进行磨削加工。 问题在于， 现有技术下， 磨床加工会产生大量的热， 从 而使得砂轮、 被磨削工具、 磨床床体以及传动部分产生热变形， 进而影响加工 精度。 发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种高精度加工的五轴刀具磨床， 其通过改变床体结构， 以及对称设置， 达到提高结构稳定性， 降低加工误差， 并便于误差补偿， 从而 提高加工精度； 提高加工工艺性能和加工效率； 以及延长机床使用寿命等效果。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明的技术解决方案如下：
一种全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座、 位于一侧立于磨床底座上的 立柱。 立柱内侧立面上竖向设置滑轨； 所述滑轨上设置有沿滑轨动作的砂轮头 架。 所述砂轮头架包括竖向设置的力矩电机， 所述力矩电机下部通过转台轴承 连接水平设置的主轴， 所述主轴的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴线转动的砂轮。 砂轮头架还包括位于上部旋转的大带轮； 所述大带轮通过宽同步带连接主轴带 轮， 所述主轴带轮套接于所述主轴的中部并带动所述主轴转动； 其中， 在所述 大带轮的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机， 对称的两个所述主轴电机同步驱动 所述大带轮的中心轴转动。
优选方式下， 大带轮还通过窄同步带的传动连接位于上部的小带轮转动， 所述小带轮连接了编码器的转轴。
进一步的， 所述磨床底座是铸石或天然大理石结构。 利用铸石及天然大理 石刚性好， 硬度高， 不变形等特点， 铸石或天然大理石结构的磨床底座对于其 形状及结构没有特定要求。 或者， 所述磨床底座为上水平表面为圓形的金属结构， 所述立柱为顺着所 述底座一侧边缘弯曲的 180度弧形结构； 另一侧外缘由弧形立板封闭出一个位 于圓形底座上的槽体； 且所述立板的高度小于所述立柱。
此外， 最优方式下， 磨床底座上的工作台对称设置有十字滑台， 所述滑台 上坐有夹具， 从而使得被磨削工件可以任意动作， 增加了自由度， 扩大了磨床 加工的适用范围。
此外， 围成所述槽体的立板内侧为斜坡面， 且所述立板位于所述底座外缘 的外侧， 由斜坡面和弧形立板两端的封闭板以及底座圓形表面封闭成所述槽体。
本发明同时公开了所述全对称式五轴刀具磨床的砂轮头架， 所述砂轮头架 包括：
竖向设置的力矩电机， 所述力矩电机下部通过转台轴承连接水平设置的主 轴， 所述主轴的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴线转动的砂轮； 和
位于上部旋转的大带轮， 所述大带轮通过宽同步带连接主轴带轮， 所述主 轴带轮套接于所述主轴的中部并带动所述主轴转动； 其中， 在所述大带轮的中 心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机， 对称的两个所述主轴电机同步驱动所述大带轮 的中心轴转动。
本发明五轴刀具磨床整体结构对称， 从而降低加工误差， 提高结构稳定性， 便于误差补偿； 提高加工工艺性能， 以及延长机床使用寿命。 具体说， 本发明 的磨床结构， 通过弧形立柱加设砂轮头架， 使得砂轮的固定更加稳固； 同时通 过导轨的设置方便作为刀具的砂轮自由走位， 并利用立式力矩电机驱动砂轮转 动， 砂轮与立柱以及其他部件之间不存在干涉， 从而达到砂轮 360度自由回转； 而且在设计上， 本发明将用于驱动砂轮转动的电机设在上方， 而非现有技术采 用的下部， 进一步为砂轮让出加工空间， 适合砂轮自由回转， 同时为了增大砂 轮的动力， 采用两部电机通过带传动驱动砂轮回转， 使得加工过程中砂轮的动 力足够大， 以满足不同的加工强度需要。 而且两部电机左右对称设置使得磨床 的稳定性提高， 尤其解决了散热问题以及因热变形产生的加工误差， 降低磨床 加工中的振动， 便于误差补偿， 最终达到高精度加工的效果。 目前， 国内外还 未见到能够实现砂轮头纵向 360度自由旋转实现磨削加工的磨床， 而本发明所 述五轴刀具磨床通过采用空心力矩电机实现砂轮头的自由旋转。 同时， 力矩电 机上部以串联、 镜像对称的方式设置主轴电机， 两个主轴电机的输出轴同向转 动以中心带传动方式带动砂轮绕中心线转动， 从而达到全平衡结构， 满足动态 特性； 对称平衡方式也使得温度场均匀， 便于温度补偿， 便于变形误差的弥补； 并且两个主轴电机的设置增大了输出功率， 提高了磨削效率； 而且磨削主轴传 动实现 ±360。 旋转； 上述设置均扩大了本发明所述磨床的加工使用范围， 使其 可更为广泛地适用于加工各种不同种类的零部件， 大大提高了其加工工艺性能， 提高了加工效率， 降低了加工误差， 提高了加工精度； 并便于温度误差补偿， 延长了机床机械的使用寿命。
综上， 本发明所述全对称式五轴刀具磨床整机为首台丝杠和直线电机互换 使用的五轴刀具磨床， 具有如下优点：
1. 对称式结构设计， 利于由于热变形引起加工误差的解决。
2. 砂轮头架采用双电机， 驱动完全对称， 砂轮主轴能旋转 360度。
3. 对称式结构设计， 提高结构稳定性， 热场分布均匀， 便于误差补偿。
4. 加工工艺性能好， 加工效率高， 加工精度高；
5. 机床使用寿命延长， 进一步降低了加工成本。 附图说明
图 1是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床立体结构示意图；
图 2是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床主视结构示意图；
图 3是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床侧视结构示意图；
图 4是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床俯视结构示意图；
图 5是本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床砂轮头架部分的剖视结构示意图。 具体实施方式
如图 1-4所示本发明全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座 2、 位于一侧 立于磨床底座 2上的立柱 56。 图 1中， 磨床底座 2的上部为工作台表面， 设置 有十字滑台 3 , 以及坐于滑台 3上用于夹持被磨削工件的夹具。 图 2中， 立柱 56内侧立面上竖向设置滑轨 4; 滑轨 4上设置有砂轮头架 1 , 砂轮头架可以在滑 轨 4上上下滑动， 并根据需要停止在需要磨削加工的工作位置。 具体说， 立柱 上竖直安装有两个轴 7 座， 两轴 7 座之间串有丝杠， 两轴 7 座是对丝杠两端起 支撑作用， 丝杠上装有丝杠螺母， 丝杠螺母安装在砂轮头架上， 丝杠下端通过 联轴器连接伺服电机， 电机转动带动丝杠转动， 丝杠转动带动丝杠螺母沿丝杠 做直线运动， 丝杠螺母带动砂轮头架座上下运动。 如图 5所示，砂轮头架 1包括竖向设置的力矩电机 16。 力矩电机 16下部通 过转台轴承连接水平设置的主轴 21。主轴 21的侧部连接有绕主轴轴线转动的砂 轮 23, 砂轮可以采用多组不同砂轮对称设置的方式， 以满足不同磨削加工的需 要。 此外， 砂轮头架 1还包括位于上部由主轴电机 10带动旋转的大带轮 9; 大 带轮 9通过宽同步带 11连接主轴带轮 20,主轴带轮 20套接于主轴 21的中部并 带动主轴 21转动。 最优方式下， 在大带轮 9的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机 10, 对称的两个主轴电机 10同步驱动所述大带轮 9的中心轴转动； 具体说例如 主轴电机 10为对称设置交流永磁同步外转子电机并且两交流永磁同步外转子电 机的绕组串连从而同步中心轴转动。 再或者， 中心轴两端的驱动机构设置用于 比较两端实际位置信息的上位机， 当上位机判定中心轴两端转动同步偏差超出 预定值时， 则上位机向两端中心轴的转动执行部件发出补偿指令， 调整转动角 度， 使得两端同步驱动。
此外， 大带轮 9还通过窄同步带 8的传动连接位于上部的小带轮 7转动， 所述小带轮 7连接了编码器 6的转轴。 图 5中还示出了起到连接固定作用的电 机板 12、 电机连接盘 13、 上连接盘 15、 第一下连接盘 17、 第二下连接盘 18。 图中还示出了用于连接砂轮和砂轮主轴的砂轮杆 22。图中滚珠轴环 14用作力矩 电机主轴的轴承， 同时用于上下两部件的连接。
本发明所述磨床的床体包括： 立柱、 底座、 伺服电机、 联轴器、 丝杠、 托 板。 磨床的床体为曲边圓柱形， 受力均匀， 底座为铸石结构， 阻尼减振， 耐热 性好， 吸振性好， 热稳定性好， 耐腐蚀性高。
而且丝杠和直线电机可以互换使用， 在一种机型上可实现两种驱动方式的 互换使用， 满足不同用户的需求， 直线电机机型驱动精度高， 配合光栅尺使用， 为全闭环， 检测精度高， 但成本较高。 丝杠机型相对于直线电机机型精度略低， 无光栅尺， 为半闭环， 但成本较低。 其中， 丝杠机型的工作过程为： 伺服电机 通过联轴器与丝杠连接， 伺服电机转动带动丝杠转动， 丝杠转动带动托板（或 者滑台）运动。 直线电机机型的工作过程为： 光栅尺为检测设备， 安装在底座 (或者滑台）上， 直线电机接电后带动托板（或者滑台）运动， 托板（或者滑 台） 带动读数头移动。
滑台运动的轴线正对砂轮头架运动的轴线， 并可实现与工件主轴的轴线共 线， 达到对称加工， 运动行程小， 稳定性好。
此外， 砂轮头架整体包括： 编码器、 小带轮、 窄同步带、 大带轮、 主轴电 机、 宽同步带、 力矩电机、 转台轴承、 主轴带轮、 主轴。
本发明磨床的工作过程为：
1.两个主轴电机为串联， 采用一个控制器， 成本更低。
2.编码器为检测装置， 安装在主轴电机外壳的上端， 大带轮直接固定在电机 轴上， 小带轮间接固定在编码器轴上， 大带轮和小带轮之间通过窄同步带连接， 两个主轴电机之间通过键相连， 通过串联控制进行同步转动， 转动后通过窄同 步带带动编码器转动。
3.主轴带轮固定在主轴上， 大带轮和主轴带轮之间通过宽同步带连接， 主轴 电机转动带动主轴转动。
4.主轴两端安装有砂轮杆， 砂轮杆上固定有砂轮， 主轴转动， 砂轮开始磨削 刀具。
5.力矩电机通过转台轴承带动主轴完成 360度自由旋转。砂轮头架通过丝杠 上下运动， 运动过程中， 主轴都可完成 360度自由旋转， 不会出现干涉现象。
6.大带轮安装在两个主轴电机的轴上， 两个主轴电机必须同步。
7.宽同步带从力矩电机中心穿过。
8.砂轮头架通过滑轨安装在立柱上， 并通过伺服电机带动丝杠进行上下运 动。 十字滑台通过滑轨与电机 -丝杠的组合（或者滑轨与直线电机）来驱动进行 直线运动。 工件主轴安装在托板上， 采用对称设计， 可实现工件主轴轴线正对 砂轮头架轴线。
此外， 如图 1和图 4所示刀具磨床， 底座 2的上水平表面为圓形。 底座 2 上顺着一侧边缘立有弧度为 180度的弧形立柱 56; 另一侧外缘由弧形立板封闭 出一个位于圓形底座上的槽体 63; 且立板的高度小于立柱。 其中， 围成槽体 63 的立板内侧为斜坡面 65 , 且立板位于 6底座外缘的外侧。 图 2中， 斜坡面 65和 弧形立板两端的封闭板 66以及底座圓形表面封闭成槽体 63。 槽体 63的作用是 容纳冷却介质。
以上所述， 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局 限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内， 根据本 发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 包括磨床底座 (2)、 位于一侧立于磨床底座 (2)上的立柱 (56), 其特征在于：
所述立柱 (56)内侧立面上竖向设置滑轨 (4); 所述滑轨 (4)上设置有沿滑轨动 作的砂轮头架 (1);
所述砂轮头架 (1)包括竖向设置的力矩电机 (16), 所述力矩电机 (16)下部通过 转台轴承连接水平设置的主轴 (21), 所述主轴 (21)的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴 线转动的砂轮 (23);
所述砂轮头架 (1)还包括位于上部旋转的大带轮 (9); 所述大带轮 (9)通过宽同 步带 (11)连接主轴带轮 (20), 所述主轴带轮 (20)套接于所述主轴 (21)的中部并带动 所述主轴 (21)转动； 其中， 在所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机 (10), 对称的两个所述主轴电机 (10)同步驱动所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴转动。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于： 所述大带轮 (9)还通过窄同步带 (8)的传动连接位于上部的小带轮 (7)转动， 所 述小带轮 (7)连接了编码器 (6)的转轴。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的全对称式五轴刀具磨床， 其特征在于： 所述磨床底座（ 2 )是铸石或大理石结构。
4、 一种砂轮头架， 其特征在于其包括：
竖向设置的力矩电机 (16), 所述力矩电机 (16)下部通过转台轴承连接水平设 置的主轴 (21), 所述主轴 (21)的两侧对称设置绕所述主轴轴线转动的砂轮 (23); 和
位于上部旋转的大带轮 (9), 所述大带轮 (9)通过宽同步带 (11)连接主轴带轮 (20), 所述主轴带轮 (20)套接于所述主轴 (21)的中部并带动所述主轴 (21)转动； 其 中，在所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴两端对称设置有主轴电机 (10),对称的两个所述主 轴电机 (10)同步驱动所述大带轮 (9)的中心轴转动。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的砂轮头架， 其特征在于： 所述大带轮 (9)还通过窄同步带 (8)的传动连接位于上部的小带轮 (7)转动， 所 述小带轮 (7)连接了编码器 (6)的转轴。
PCT/CN2011/079026 2011-03-25 2011-08-28 全对称式五轴刀具磨床及其砂轮头架 WO2012129888A1 (zh)

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