WO2011050750A1 - 立式车铣复合加工中心 - Google Patents

立式车铣复合加工中心 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011050750A1
WO2011050750A1 PCT/CN2010/078268 CN2010078268W WO2011050750A1 WO 2011050750 A1 WO2011050750 A1 WO 2011050750A1 CN 2010078268 W CN2010078268 W CN 2010078268W WO 2011050750 A1 WO2011050750 A1 WO 2011050750A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
tool holder
vertical
motor
machining center
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/078268
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于德海
蔡春刚
任志辉
张文峰
陈虎
郑君民
郭强
邹弢
李经明
曲鹏
林阳
Original Assignee
大连科德数控有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN200920268169XU external-priority patent/CN201792195U/zh
Priority claimed from CN2009102084937A external-priority patent/CN101722419B/zh
Application filed by 大连科德数控有限公司 filed Critical 大连科德数控有限公司
Priority to US13/504,960 priority Critical patent/US8887361B2/en
Priority to DE112010004197T priority patent/DE112010004197T5/de
Priority to JP2012535619A priority patent/JP2013509307A/ja
Publication of WO2011050750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011050750A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4804—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B11/00—Automatic or semi-automatic turning-machines incorporating equipment for performing other working procedures, e.g. slotting, milling, rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/22—Turning-machines or devices with rotary tool heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/12—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with spindle adjustable to different angles, e.g. either horizontal or vertical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B23C9/005—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter milling heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/012—Portals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4804—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/4819—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4828—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/4842—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104—Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109—Lathe
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104—Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109—Lathe
    • Y10T29/5114—Lathe and tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30448—Milling with detachable or auxiliary cutter support to convert cutting action
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305768—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation with linear movement of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307672—Angularly adjustable cutter head
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307728—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work including gantry-type cutter-carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30784—Milling including means to adustably position cutter
    • Y10T409/307952—Linear adjustment
    • Y10T409/308288—Linear adjustment including gantry-type cutter-carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/309296—Detachable or repositionable tool head
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2511—Vertical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine tool device, and more particularly to a vertical turning and milling combined machining device. Background technique
  • the mechanical transmission technology is generated by the rotation of the motor, and the power is amplified by mechanical transmission links, such as a gearbox, a reducer, a screw, a worm, and transmitted to the execution portion, and the machine operates;
  • the technology is applied to key parts of the machine tool, such as: machine tool C-axis rotary table, machine tool B-axis oscillating milling head, etc.
  • the structure of a vertical lathe is the most urgent for milling and drilling.
  • Summary of the invention aims to provide a vertical turning and milling combined machining center, which can complete the circular cavity parts such as turbines and the like on a single clamping basis through machining programming.
  • the machining requirements such as turning, milling and grinding can even be used for copy milling in the interior of larger parts.
  • a vertical turning and milling combined machining center comprising:
  • Two X-axis side support rails and two X-axis screws are arranged on the two sides of the bed in the X-axis direction and corresponding to the two pillars; the X-axis is respectively arranged at the ends of the X-axis screw motor;
  • a single-axis turret which sits between the two X-axis side support rails, is driven by a first outer rotor torque motor at a lower portion thereof, and the lateral mount is reciprocally coupled along the X-axis.
  • Two Y-axis rails and one Y-axis screw are disposed on the beam in a vertical direction along the Y-axis direction.
  • the beam is disposed with a horizontal sliding table, and the horizontal sliding table is reciprocally coupled along the Y-axis.
  • the Y-axis screw; the Y-axis screw end is provided with a Y-axis driving motor;
  • the horizontal slide table is provided with a single pendulum milling head component; the single pendulum milling head component is driven by a second external rotor torque motor at its rear in a direct drive manner.
  • the lower middle position of the single-axis turntable is seated on the central support rail of the X-axis;
  • the center of gravity of the single-axis turret is located in a plane in which the X-axis screws on both sides are located, at an intermediate position between the X-axis screws.
  • the vertical milling and turning composite machining center further includes a vertical tool holder component
  • the vertical tool holder component includes a vertical tool holder of an elongated structure, a tool holder base, and a second Z-axis support line rail and a second Z-axis screw pair disposed on opposite sides of the opposite surface therebetween, the second Z The shaft screw pair is connected to the second Z-axis driving motor through the coupling;
  • the tool holder base is fixed on the lateral sliding table on one side of the single pendulum milling head frame, and follows the lateral sliding table to reciprocate in the Y-axis direction;
  • the vertical tool holder is supported by the second z-axis support line rail; and is moved in the Z-axis direction by the second Z-axis lead screw;
  • a lower portion of the vertical tool holder is provided with a knife clamping mechanism.
  • the z-axis rail on the vertical tool holder component further includes a damping slider, and the damping slider is arranged on the rail and is bolted to the tool holder base.
  • the blade mechanism is connected to the tool holder by a torque motor directly connected to the tool holder; the tool holder is provided with an inner cavity, and a core shaft and a torque motor are disposed in the inner cavity of the tool holder;
  • the mandrel is supported and positioned by a bearing set disposed in the inner cavity of the seat; the bearing is pressed by the mandrel shoulder and the lock nut; the front end of the mandrel is machined with a taper for the clamping tool . Cooperating with the ferrule and the front locking nut to clamp the tool;
  • the motor is located at the center of the entire mandrel, the motor rotor is attached to the mandrel, and the motor stator is fixed to the inner wall of the tool holder;
  • the tool holder is mounted with a self-sealing electrical interface that interfaces with an electrical interface on a clamping mechanism that is mounted on the vertical tool holder component;
  • the electrical interface includes a power interface and a servo drive interface.
  • the mandrel end is equipped with a rotary encoder; then the electrical interface further comprises an encoder interface.
  • the second z-axis support rail on the vertical tool holder component further includes a damping slider, and the damping slider is arranged on the rail and is fixed to the tool holder base by bolts.
  • the present invention as a five-axis vertical composite machining apparatus employs direct drive technology on the B-axis (ie, around the Y-axis rotation) and the C-axis (ie, rotation around the Z-axis), and all the functional components on the machine tool.
  • the external rotor torque motor direct drive is adopted, which greatly improves the motor torque and enables the functional components to run smoothly, thereby greatly improving the overall rigidity and stability of the machine tool, thereby solving many problems that cannot be solved by conventional mechanical transmission:
  • the speed of the turntable and the swing of the swing head are applied after the direct drive technology is applied to the functional component, compared with the indexing speed of a dozen to several tens of revolutions per minute.
  • the speed can reach several hundred revolutions per minute; this means that the machine tool device of the invention can be improved by more than 10 times in terms of production efficiency compared with similar equipment in the industry; in terms of accuracy, the device of the invention applying direct drive technology can be Sensitivity of a few thousandths of a millimeter or an angular second is easily achieved on the functional components; whereas most of the same types of equipment in the prior art mechanical transmission can only achieve a sensitivity of a few hundredths of a millimeter or angular grading;
  • this device using direct drive technology reduces mechanical transmission parts, reduces wear, improves equipment life, saves energy, and greatly saves raw materials and manufacturing costs, thereby reducing overall equipment cost;
  • the two key functional components including single-axis turntable and single-swing milling head components, use external rotor direct drive technology.
  • the torque motor of the outer rotor structure has higher torque than the inner rotor torque motor of the same volume, and the mechanical efficiency is higher.
  • the outer rotor adopts a hydraulic brake mechanism, which has a simple structure, a large clamping action area, a larger braking force, and a stable clamping, which has little influence on the system and the transmission; meanwhile, relatively the same torque Other motors, external rotor torque motors can be smaller, but in the machine tool industry, the advantages of small size under the same performance are self-evident;
  • the invention arranges the single-axis rotary table between two ball screws, and forms an ideal but virtual center of gravity when the turntable is idling, but can produce exactly the same effect as the actual driving force through the center of gravity; It suppresses the vibration and bending generated when the X-axis is driven. Even if the single-axis rotary table moves at high speed in the X-axis direction, the center of gravity will not be sent. The change is realized, thereby achieving stable driving; moreover, the device of the present invention can also adopt a three-wire rail, that is, a wire rail is installed on both sides of the single-axis turntable, and a wire rail is also installed at the bottom center position thereof, which mainly plays a supporting role. In this way, even when the turntable is under load, the deformation time can be minimized;
  • the tool holder directly driven by the torque motor used in the invention is connected to the machine tool clamping mechanism through the tool holder, and is connected to the electrical interface mounted on the machine tool clamping mechanism through the self-sealing electrical interface mounted on the tool holder.
  • Docking the input power and directly driving the workpiece through the torque motor that is, when the power is turned on, the motor installed in the inner cavity of the tool holder directly drives the tool mandrel to rotate, and the front end of the mandrel has a taper hole for connecting the tool.
  • the lock nut makes it easy to hold all the required tools.
  • the damper slide is used to reduce the vibration on the rail system, ie the second z-axis support rail, to improve the machining quality, to extend the tool life under vibration conditions and to protect the rail system in the event of an overload.
  • the invention can effectively reduce the error caused by the loading and unloading, replacing and adjusting the auxiliary time of the workpiece and the intermediate process, improve the machining precision of the part, shorten the product manufacturing cycle, improve the production efficiency and the market reaction ability of the manufacturer, compared with the traditional process.
  • the decentralized production method avoids the repeated clamping and the loss of precision and time waste, thereby maximizing the processing efficiency and ensuring the machining accuracy.
  • the vertical composite machining center disclosed by the present invention greatly reduces the vibration as a whole, so that the overall performance of the machine tool can be maximized, and the processing precision of the turntable and other functional components can be effectively improved without lowering the surface.
  • the acceleration of the linear feed motion of the rotary shaft of the composite vertical machining center is improved, and the service life of the tool is improved, especially the machine tool manufacturing process is simplified, and the production cost is reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a direct drive outer rotor torque motor
  • Figure 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement mode of the single-axis turntable in the first embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a bottom view of the single-axis turntable of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a single-axis turntable of Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of vibration amplitudes of a single-axis turntable and a non-center-center driven turntable of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 8 is a side view of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9-1 is a schematic view showing a turning process using a vertical tool holder when a part having a deep inner diameter is encountered in Embodiment 2; and FIG. 9-2 is a case where a deep tool holder is used for milling when a part having a deep inner diameter is used in Embodiment 2.
  • Schematic diagram of drilling process FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the tool holder base and related accessories thereon in Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a vertical tool holder and related accessories thereon in Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the knife holder and the holder directly driven by the torque motor connected thereto through the holder;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of the tool holder directly driven by the torque motor
  • Figure 14-1 is a view showing a state of use of the blade radial machining type structure directly driven by the torque motor;
  • Figure 14-2 is a view showing the state of use of the axial machining type structure of the tool holder directly driven by the torque motor. In the picture,
  • Second Z-axis drive motor 174 Coupling 1751/1752.
  • Second Z-axis screw pair (screw/mother) 176 Second Z-axis support line 1761.
  • Guide rail 1762 Guide rail slider 1763. Damping slider 177.
  • the tool holder 401 directly driven by the torque motor.
  • the rear end lock nut 402. The rear end bearing group 403.
  • the front bearing group 405. Mandrel 406.
  • a vertical turning and milling combined machining center as shown in Fig. 1, comprises a horizontally arranged bed 6, respectively fixed to two left and right sides of one end of the bed and two columns 7 perpendicular to the bed; the bed 6
  • Two X-axis side support rails 2 and two X-axis screws 5 are disposed on two sides of the two columns on the two sides;
  • a single-axis turntable 1 is seated on the two X-axis side support rails 2, the single a lateral mount of the shaft turret 1 is coupled to the two X-axis screws 5 in a reciprocating manner along the X-axis;
  • the X-axis screw The ends of the X-axis drive motor 3 are respectively disposed at the ends; the single-axis turntable 1 is driven by the first outer rotor torque motor 204 of the lower portion thereof in a direct drive manner;
  • a first Z-axis side support line rail 10 and a first Z-axis lead screw 9 are disposed on the two uprights 7 in the Z-axis direction, respectively, and a cross beam 11 is disposed between the two first Z-axis side support line rails 10
  • the beam 11 is coupled to the two first Z-axis screws 9 in a reciprocating manner along the Z-axis; the Z-axis screw 9 is respectively provided with a first Z-axis driving motor 8;
  • Two Y-axis rails 13 and one Y-axis screw 12 are disposed on the beam 11 in the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis driving motor 14 is disposed at the end of the Y-axis screw 12; a sliding table, the lateral sliding table is cooperatively coupled to the Y-axis screw 12 in a reciprocating manner along a Y-axis; the horizontal sliding table is provided with a single-pendulum milling head member 15; the single-pendulum milling head member 15
  • the second outer rotor torque motor is driven in the direct drive mode to swing in the B axis of the machine tool, that is, to swing around the Y axis.
  • the second outer rotor torque motor drives the single pendulum milling head member 15 in a direct drive manner, including a torque motor stator 111, a rotor 110, a clamping device 109 for realizing braking, and Cooling motor cooling device, and other auxiliary structures used in the oscillating head, such as encoder a 103, encoder a bracket 101, headstock 102, turning and milling spindle 104, bearing gland 105, turret bearing 106, bearing housing 107 , the outer casing 108, the bottom plate 112, the water jacket 113, and the like.
  • the arrangement mode of the single-axis turntable is as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, and the lower sides of the single-axis turntable 1 are symmetrically seated on the X-axis side support line rail 2, and the lower middle position of the single-axis turntable 1 is seated on the X-axis.
  • the central support rail 4 is here; here, the support rail mainly serves as a support.
  • the single-axis turntable 1 passes through the lateral mount 99 is coupled to the X-axis lead screw 5, and when the motor 3 drives the lead screw 5 to rotate, the lateral mount 99 reciprocates along the X-axis on the X-axis lead screw 5; the center of gravity of the single-axis turntable 1 is located laterally
  • the central position of the lateral mount 99 is supported mainly by the X-axis central support rail 4 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the structure of the single-axis turret is as shown in FIG. 5, and includes a table main body 212, a first direct drive outer rotor torque motor 204, a rotor 208, a tightening device 209 for braking, and a motor cooling device 203 for cooling. And other auxiliary components, such as the pallet 201, the bottom plate 202, the outer casing 205, the inner sleeve 206, the rotary bearing 207, the encoder c 210, and the lands 211.
  • the single-axis turntable adopts a center of gravity driving mode, and the vibration amplitude is significantly reduced as shown in FIG. 6 compared with the non-centrifugal driven turntable.
  • the five-axis vertical composite machining center described in this embodiment uses direct drive technology for its two key functional components, that is, the motor directly drives the device to operate without an intermediate mechanical transmission link.
  • the five-axis vertical composite machining center, the B-axis is a direct-drive single-pendulum milling head, as shown in FIG. 2;
  • the C-axis is a direct-drive single-axis rotary table, as shown in FIG. 5;
  • the common feature of the two is that the torque motor is used as the core driving component for the rotary motion, thereby realizing the function of the double direct drive five-axis milling machine.
  • the outer rotor structure refers to a stator in which the outer ring is a permanent magnet rotor and the inner ring is a silicon steel sheet and a coil winding, and the brake mechanism acts on the outer rotor body.
  • the table is directly fixed to the end of the rotor of the AC permanent magnet synchronous outer rotor type torque motor, and the fixed casing of the turntable is connected with the stator cooling sleeve of the torque motor and the stator of the torque motor. Therefore, the single-axis turntable driven by the outer rotor type torque motor in this embodiment can omit the intermediate transmission link, thereby improving the operation of the turntable.
  • the motor can output a large torque and improve the mechanical efficiency; in addition, by using a hydraulic brake mechanism, the brake mechanism is simplified, and the clamping area is increased, the braking force is large, and the clamping is stable, The influence of the system and the transmission is small; under the same performance conditions, the outer rotor torque motor has a smaller volume, which in turn makes the turntable smaller in size, thereby making the overall structure of the machine tool more compact.
  • the vertical turning and milling composite machining center as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, further includes a vertical tool holder member 17;
  • the vertical tool holder member includes an elongated tool holder 171, a tool holder base 172, and a second Z-axis support line rail 176 and a second Z-axis screw pair disposed on opposite sides of the opposite surface therebetween.
  • the second Z-axis lead screw 1751 is coupled to the second Z-axis drive motor 173 via the coupling 174;
  • the 172 as shown in FIG. 10, is fixed on the lateral slide 16 on one side of the single-pendulum milling head 15, and reciprocates along the transverse slide 16 in the Y-axis direction;
  • the vertical tool holder 171 as shown in FIG. 11, is supported by the second Z-axis support line rail 176; and reciprocated in the Z-axis direction by the second Z-axis screw pair, specifically, That is, the guide rails 1761 of the second Z-axis support rail are fixed on both sides of the vertical tool post 171, and the servo motor drives the vertical tool post 171 to move up and down through the second Z-axis lead screw 1751 and the nut 1752 "";
  • the second Z-axis support line rail 176 further includes a damping slider 1763.
  • the damping slider 1763 is arranged on the rail and is bolted to the tool holder base 172, as shown in FIG. 10;
  • the damping slider RUDS..-D is used to reduce the vibration on the rail system, ie the second Z-axis support rail, to improve the machining quality, to prolong the tool life under vibration conditions and to protect the rail system under overload conditions.
  • the lower portion of the vertical tool holder 171 is provided with a clamping mechanism 177, as shown in Fig. 12, including a displacement sensor 1771, a cylinder 1772, a disc spring 1773, a fluid transmission connection 1774 and a claw 1775, which are specifically operated as follows:
  • the cylinder 1772 When loosening the knife, the cylinder 1772 is pressed downward, so that the disc spring 1773 is pressed down to drive the pulling claw 1775 to relax, and the tool holder 409 of the cutter is released;
  • the tool holder adopts the standard model HSK-A63, which is convenient for automatic tool change. Moreover, the market has a wide variety of products and a wide variety, which can be applied to different process requirements and is convenient for users to choose.
  • shank 409 can also be customized to various types as needed. Among them, including but not limited to: HSK, BT.SK, DIN, CAT, etc.
  • the vertical tool holder 171 can be machined into a deep part of the inner cavity of the part by virtue of its elongated structure; the vertical tool holder has better rigidity than the conventional turning tool extension rod. Higher precision in machining, in addition to clamping the power tool, radial milling of the inner diameter and machining.
  • the power tool is a tool holder 400 directly driven by a torque motor, as shown in FIG. 13, it is provided with an inner cavity, a core shaft 405 and a motor 403 are disposed in the inner cavity of the tool holder;
  • the motor 403 is located at the center of the entire mandrel 405.
  • the motor rotor 4031 is attached to the mandrel 405, and the motor stator 4032 is mounted on the inner wall of the inner cavity of the seat.
  • the front end of the mandrel 405 has a standard taper hole for clamping the tool and a front end lock nut 406 for clamping various tools.
  • the front end cover 408 has a skeleton oil seal to prevent oil leakage.
  • the front and rear bearing sets are mounted face to face and are composed of two angular contact bearing sets for positioning the mandrel 405 and the axial forces experienced during processing.
  • the front bearing set 404 is used to position the mandrel 405, so the front end cap 408 needs to be ground with the outer ring of the bearing to ensure accurate positioning without gaps.
  • the rear bearing set 402 is positioned by the shoulder and rear lock nut 401 on the mandrel 405.
  • the mandrel 405 serves as an auxiliary support.
  • the two bearing groups at the same time carry the cutting force at the same time, which makes the whole structure run more stable.
  • a sealing ring is provided in the rear end cover 412 to prevent oil leakage.
  • the end of the mandrel 405 is equipped with a rotary encoder b 413, so that the user can track the torque motor speed at any time.
  • the tool holder 400 directly driven by the torque motor is mounted in the same manner as the common tool holder 400'.
  • the holder 400 is connected to the machine tool clamping mechanism 177 through the holder 409, and the holder 400 is attached.
  • the self-sealing electrical interface 410 interfaces with an external electrical interface 1776 on the machine tool clamping mechanism, as shown in FIG. 12; the self-sealing electrical interface 410 on the tool holder includes a power interface, a servo drive interface, and an encoder interface.
  • the self-sealing electrical interface eliminates chipping and moisture contamination during processing.
  • the tool holder 100 is moved to the vicinity of the processing portion of the workpiece 300, and the power is turned on by the controller, and the holder core 405 is rotated by the motor 403 to perform machining.
  • the structure of moving the tool power unit into the tool inside can reduce the size of the knife mechanism more effectively than that of the conventional motor spindle plus angle head, making the vertical tool holder structure more compact and smaller in size. This expands the minimum inner diameter machining range of the tool holder and improves the adaptability of the tool holder.
  • the tool holder can be customized to the radial machining type as shown in Figure 14-1; its axial machining type, as shown in Figure 14-2; can even be ⁇ 110° indexing type.
  • the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any technical person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the technical solution according to the present invention Equivalent substitutions or modifications of the inventive concept are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Description

立式车铣复合加工中心
技术领域
本发明涉及涉及机床设备， 尤其涉及一种立式车铣复合加工设备。 背景技术
随着汽车、 国防、 航空、 航天等工业的高速发展以及铝合金等新材料的应用， 对组合机 床的要求越来越高。 以较为典型的航空工业中涡轮机匣， 风扇机匣等典型零件为例， 这种零 件的工艺上同时需要车削， 铣削， 径向钻镗孔等加工， 而且精度要求高。 因此在实际加工中 需要将工件在多台机床间反复定位， 装夹， 对刀。 这样即浪费了时间降低生产效率， 又因为 不断的更换和调整刀具， 使其中间过程产生很多不必要的误差。 如能将这些功能融合， 必将 极大的提高生产效率及加工精度。
同时， 在现有技术下， 机械传动技术是由电机旋转产生动力， 通过机械传动环节， 如变 速箱、 减速器、 丝杠、 蜗轮蜗杆将动力放大， 传递给执行部分， 于是机器运转； 将这种技术 应用于机床关键部件中， 如： 机床 C轴旋转工作台、 机床 B轴摆动铣头等。 虽然实现了很多 传统机床无法实现的功能但是这种单纯靠机械传动实现功能的技术无论在速度上、 精度上、 以及使用寿命上都无法赶得上当今世界机床制造业发展的步伐。
此外， 目前国内外大多复合多轴机床在关键功能部件， 如单轴旋转工作台， 驱动上采取 的都是单驱中心驱动， 即由一根滚珠丝杠驱动， 这种结构在加工过程中驱动力都不是非常准 确地作用在运动件的重心， 因而在高切削速度尤其在较大进给速度以及转台高转速条件下， 有产生扭转运动的趋势。 这种不可避免的扭转运动和由于运动件产生的惯性作用， 都会引起 机床的振动， 使机床构件例如机床床身或立柱等铸件发生弯曲和变形， 并对转台的精度以及 寿命都将产生一定影响。
另一方面， 通过对目前市场上常见的立式复合加工中心的调查发现。 传统的立式车铣复 合所采用的摆头由于其结构和尺寸的限制， 无法深入零件内部进行加工。 而传统立车无法进 行铣削作业。 若能融合这两种功能则可以满足涡轮机匣类零件加工要求。
而且， 随着制造业的发展和竞争的日趋激烈， 对零件的加工要求越来越复杂。 对于某些 大型腔体类零件同时要求车削铣削钻孔的加工。 实际加工中需要将工件在立车和铣床钻床间 来回搬运对刀。 这样不仅机床的利用率不高， 而且繁琐的操作很大程度上的增加了加工辅助 时间和其中产生的误差， 影响了加工效率和加工精度。 目前市面上已有的动力头或角度头都 是由机床主轴传递加工动力， 无法应用于类似立式车床这样不具备刀具旋转加工功能的结构 上。 而矛盾的是类似立式车床这种结构对于铣削和钻削的加工需求最为迫切。 发明内容 鉴于现有技术所存在的上述问题， 本发明旨在提供一种立式车铣复合加工中心， 它可通 过加工编程，在单次装夹的基础上完成涡轮机匣等圆形腔体类零件的车铣钻磨镗等加工要求， 甚至可以深入较大零件内部进行仿形铣。
本发明的技术解决方案是这样实现的：
一种立式车铣复合加工中心， 包括：
床身， 其水平设置；
两个立柱， 其分别固定于床身一端的左右两侧并与床身相垂直；
其特征在于还包括：
两个 X轴侧部支撑线轨和两个 X轴丝杠， 其沿 X轴方向并对应两个立柱左右分布设置 于床身的两侧； 所述 X轴丝杠的端部分别设置 X轴驱动电机；
单轴转台， 其坐于所述两个 X轴侧部支撑线轨之间， 由其下部的第一外转子力矩电机以 直接驱动方式驱动， 其横向座架沿 X轴以往复移动方式配合连接所述两个 X轴丝杠；
两个第一 Z轴侧部支撑线轨和两个第一 Z轴丝杠，其沿 Z轴方向分别设置于所述立柱上； 在两个第一 z轴侧部支撑线轨间架设有横梁， 所述横梁以沿 Z轴上下往复移动方式配合连接 所述两个第一 z轴丝杠； 所述 Z轴丝杠端部分别设置第一 Z轴驱动电机；
两个 Y轴线轨和一个 Y轴丝杠， 其沿 Y轴方向上下分布设置于所述横梁上， 所述横梁 上配置有横向滑台， 所述横向滑台以沿 Y轴往复移动方式配合连接所述 Y轴丝杠； 所述 Y 轴丝杠端部设置 Y轴驱动电机；
所述横向滑台上设置有单摆铣头部件； 所述单摆铣头部件由其后部第二外转子力矩电机 以直接驱动方式驱动。
进一步的， 所述单轴转台下部中间位置坐于 X轴中部支撑线轨上；
且所述单轴转台的重心位于两侧的 X轴丝杠所处的平面内，位于所述 X轴丝杠之间的中 间位置。
进一步的， 所述立式铣车复合加工中心还包括垂直刀架部件；
所述垂直刀架部件包括细长结构的垂直刀架、 刀架底座及布置于两者之间相对表面两侧 的第二 Z轴支撑线轨及第二 Z轴丝杠副，该第二 Z轴丝杠副通过联轴器连接第二 Z轴驱动电 机；
所述刀架底座固定于所述横向滑台上位于所述单摆铣头座架的一侧， 跟随横向滑台沿 Y 轴方向往复移动；
所述垂直刀架由所述第二 z轴支撑线轨支撑； 并在所述第二 Z轴丝杠带动沿 Z轴方向往 复移动；
所述垂直刀架下部设置有夹刀机构。
再进一步的， 所述垂直刀架部件上的 z轴线轨还包括阻尼滑块， 所述阻尼滑块排布在导 轨上， 以螺栓固定于所述刀架底座上。 更进一步的， 与所述夹刀机构通过刀柄相连接的是由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座； 所述刀座设有一个内腔， 所述刀座内腔中设置芯轴和力矩电机；
所述芯轴通过布置于所述刀座内腔的轴承组进行支承和定位； 轴承以芯轴轴肩和锁紧螺 母定位压紧； 所述芯轴的前端加工有用于装夹刀具的锥孔。 配合卡套和前端锁紧螺母夹紧刀 具；
所述电机位于整个芯轴的中央， 电机转子贴于芯轴上， 电机定子固定于所述刀座内腔壁 上；
所述刀座上安装有自密封式电气接口， 其与配套安装于所述垂直刀架部件上的夹刀机构 上的电气接口对接；
所述电气接口包括电源接口和伺服驱动接口。
并且， 所述芯轴尾端装有旋转编码器； 则所述电气接口还包括编码器接口。
进一步的， 所述垂直刀架部件上的第二 z轴支撑线轨还包括阻尼滑块， 所述阻尼滑块排 布在导轨上， 以螺栓固定于所述刀架底座上。
与现有技术相比， 本发明的技术效果是极为突出的：
首先， 本发明作为一种五轴立式复合加工设备， 在 B轴 （即绕 Y轴旋转民）和 C轴 （即 绕 Z轴旋转） 上应用了直驱技术， 而且机床上所有的功能部件采用的都是外转子力矩电机直 驱， 如此大大提高了电机扭矩， 使功能部件能够平稳运转， 从而大大提高了机床的整体刚性 和稳定性， 从而解决了很多传统机械传动无法解决的问题：
在效率上， 与现有技术机床应用传统机械传动功能部件， 实现十几到几十转每分钟的分 度速度相比， 本发明在功能部件中应用直驱技术后， 转台转速及摆头摆动速度可达到几百转 每分钟； 这意味着本发明的机床设备与业内同类设备相比在生产效率方面可提升 10倍以上； 在精度上， 应用了直驱技术的本发明所述设备可在功能部件上轻松实现几千分之一毫米 或角秒级的灵敏度； 而现有技术的机械传动下大多数同类型设备只能实现几百分之一毫米或 角分级的灵敏度；
在设备寿命方面， 应用直驱技术的此款设备减少了机械传动零件， 减少了磨损， 提高了 设备寿命， 节约了能源， 同时大大节约了原材料和制造成本， 从而降低了设备整体成本； 本发明的两个关键功能部件包括单轴转台和单摆铣头部件均采用外转子直驱技术， 外转 子结构的力矩电机比同体积的内转子力矩电机具有更高的扭矩， 机械效益更高， 更能实现平 稳转动； 另外， 外转子采用液压式刹车机构， 结构简单， 夹紧作用面积大， 具有更大的刹车 力， 且夹持平稳， 对系统及传动影响小； 同时， 相对相同扭矩的其他电机， 外转子力矩电机 的体积可以更小， 而在机床行业， 相同的性能下体积小则其优势是不言而喻的；
本发明把单轴旋转工作台配置在两根滚珠丝杠之间， 当转台空载时形成一个理想的却是 虚拟的重心， 但却能产生与实际的驱动力通过重心完全相同的效果； 极好地抑制了 X轴进行 驱动时产生的振动和弯曲， 即使单轴旋转工作台沿 X轴方向进行高速运动时， 重心也不会发 生变化， 从而实现了稳定驱动； 而且， 本发明所述设备还可采用三线轨， 即除了单轴转台两 侧装有线轨， 在其底部中心位置也装有线轨， 主要是起到了支撑作用， 这样即使转台在负载 情况下， 也可以将变形时降至最低；
本发明所采用的由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座， 通过刀柄连接在机床夹刀机构上， 并通过 刀座上安装的自密封式电气接口与配套安装于机床夹刀机构上的电气接口的对接输入动力并 通过力矩电机直接驱动进行工件的加工， 即当接通电源时安装于所述刀座内腔中的电机直接 带动刀具芯轴转动， 而芯轴前端带有连接刀具用的锥孔和锁紧螺母可以方便地装夹各种所需 刀具。
从而使本装置具有额外的铣削钻孔能力； 进行轴向或径向加工； 以满足不同场合加工的 需要； 采用自密封式电气接口可有效避免加工时的切屑和水气污染。
阻尼滑块用于降低导轨系统即所述第二 z轴支撑线轨上的振动， 提高加工质量、 延长振 动条件下的刀具寿命并且可保护过载情况下的线轨系统。
本发明可有效减小工件装卸、 更换和调整刀具的辅助时间及中间过程中产生的误差， 提 高零件加工精度， 縮短产品制造周期， 提高生产效率和制造商的市场反应能力， 相对于传统 的工序分散的生产方法避免了反复装夹及其带来的精度损失和时间的浪费， 从而最大限度地 提高了加工效率和保证了加工精度。
简言之， 本发明所公开的立式复合加工中心整体上大幅度降低了振动， 使机床整体的性 能发挥到极至， 并能有效地提高转台及其他功能部件的加工精度， 在不降低表面粗糙度和形 位精度的前提下， 提高复合立式加工中心转台驱动轴的直线进给运动的加速度， 同时提高刀 具的使用寿命， 尤其使机床制造加工工艺简单化， 生产成本降低。 附图说明
图 1是实施例 1的结构示意图；
图 2是直驱式外转子力矩电机的结构示意图；
图 3是实施例 1中的单轴转台设置方式的俯视图；
图 4是图 3中单轴转台的仰视图；
图 5是实施例 1的单轴转台的结构示意图；
图 6是实施例 1的单轴转台与非重心驱动的转台的震动幅度对比图；
图 7是实施例 2的结构示意图；
图 8是图 7的侧视图；
图 9-1是实施例 2中遇内径较深的零件时， 使用垂直刀架进行车削加工的示意图； 图 9-2是实施例 2中遇内径较深的零件时， 使用垂直刀架进行铣削钻孔加工的示意图； 图 10是实施例 2中所述刀架底座及其上相关配件的结构示意图；
图 11是是实施例 2中垂直刀架及其上相关配件的结构示意图； 图 12是所述夹刀机构及通过刀柄与之相连接的由由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座的结构示 意图；
图 13是所述由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座的结构示意图；
图 14-1是所述由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座径向加工型结构使用状态图；
图 14-2是所述由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座轴向加工型结构使用状态图。 图中，
1.单轴转台 2.X轴侧部支撑线轨 3. X轴驱动电机 4. X轴中部支撑线轨 5. X轴丝杠 6.床身 7.立柱 8.Y轴驱动电机 9. Z轴丝杠 10. 第一 Z轴侧部支撑线轨 11.横梁 12.Y 轴丝杠 13. Y轴线轨 14.Y轴驱动电机 15. 单摆铣头部件 16.横向滑台 17. 垂直刀架 部件 99.横向座架
101. 编码器 a 支架 102. 主轴箱 103. 编码器 a 104. 车铣主轴 105. 轴承压盖 106. 转台轴承 107.轴承座 108. 第二直驱式外转子力矩电机外壳 109. 夹紧装置 110. 第二直驱式外转子力矩电机转子 111.第二直驱式外转子力矩电机定子 112. 第二直驱式外 转子力矩电机底板 113..水套
171. 垂直刀架 172. 刀架底座 173.第二 Z轴驱动电机 174.联轴器 1751/1752.第二 Z轴丝杠副 （丝杠 /丝母） 176. 第二 Z轴支撑线轨 1761. 导轨 1762.导轨滑块 1763.阻 尼滑块 177.夹刀机构 1771.移传感器 1772.油缸 1773.碟形弹簧 1774.流体传输连接件 1775.拉爪 1776. 外接电气接口
201. 托板 202. 第一直驱式外转子力矩电机底板 203.电机冷却装置 204.第一直驱 式外转子力矩电机 205. 第一直驱式外转子力矩电机的外壳 206. 内套 207. 转动轴承 208. 第一直驱式外转子力矩电机转子 209.加紧装置 210.编码器 c 211.连接盘 212.工作 台主体
300.待加工工件
400. 由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座 401.后端锁紧螺母 402.后端轴承组 403.刀座内电 机 4031. 刀座内电机转子 4032.刀座内电机定子 404.前端轴承组 405.芯轴 406. 前端锁 紧螺母 407.卡套 408.前端盖 409.刀柄 410.自密封式电气接口 411.轴承衬套 412.后 端盖 413.旋转编码器
400' 普通刀座 具体实施方式
实施例 1
一种立式车铣复合加工中心， 如图 1所示， 包括水平设置的床身 6， 分别固定于床身一 端的左右两侧并与床身相垂直的两个立柱 7;床身 6的两侧对应两个立柱左右分布设置两个 X 轴侧部支撑线轨 2和两个 X轴丝杠 5; 在两个 X轴侧部支撑线轨 2上坐有单轴转台 1， 所述 单轴转台 1的横向座架沿 X轴以往复移动方式配合连接所述两个 X轴丝杠 5;所述 X轴丝杠 的端部分别设置 X轴驱动电机 3 ; 所述单轴转台 1由其下部的第一外转子力矩电机 204以直 接驱动方式驱动；
所述两个立柱 7上分别沿 Z轴方向设置第一 Z轴侧部支撑线轨 10和第一 Z轴丝杠 9，在 两个第一 Z轴侧部支撑线轨 10间架设有横梁 11，所述横梁 11以沿 Z轴上下往复移动方式配 合连接所述两个第一 Z轴丝杠 9; 所述 Z轴丝杠 9端部分别设置第一 Z轴驱动电机 8 ;
所述横梁 11上沿 Y轴方向上下分布设置两个 Y轴线轨 13和一个 Y轴丝杠 12， 所述 Y 轴丝杠 12端部设置 Y轴驱动电机 14; 所述横梁 11上配置有横向滑台， 所述横向滑台以沿 Y 轴往复移动方式配合连接所述 Y轴丝杠 12; 所述横向滑台上设置有单摆铣头部件 15 ; 所述 单摆铣头部件 15 由其后部第二外转子力矩电机以直接驱动方式驱动在机床 B轴内摆动， 即 绕 Y轴摆动。
所述第二外转子力矩电机， 如图 2所示， 其以直接驱动方式驱动所述单摆铣头部件 15， 包括力矩电机定子 111、 转子 110、 实现制动的夹紧装置 109、 用于冷却的电机冷却装置， 以 及摆头中使用的其他辅助结构， 如编码器 a 103、 编码器 a支架 101、 主轴箱 102、 车铣主轴 104、 轴承压盖 105、 转台轴承 106、 轴承座 107、 外壳 108、 底板 112、 水套 113等。
所述单轴转台的设置方式， 如图 3和图 4所示， 单轴转台 1的下部两侧对称坐于 X轴侧 部支撑线轨 2上， 单轴转台 1下部中间位置坐于 X轴中部支撑线轨 4上； 在此， 所述支撑线 轨主要起支撑作用。 与所述 X轴侧部支撑线轨 2及 X轴中部支撑线轨 4相平行， 并位于 X 轴侧部支撑线轨 2的上方对称设置 X轴丝杠 5 ; 单轴转台 1通过横向座架 99配合连接 X轴 丝杠 5， 当电机 3驱动丝杠 5旋转， 实现横向座架 99在所述 X轴丝杠 5上沿 X轴往复移动； 所述单轴转台 1的重心在横向上位于横向座架 99的中心位置， 而纵向上则主要由 X轴中部 支撑线轨 4支撑。
所述单轴转台的结构如图 5所示，包括工作台主体 212、第一直驱式外转子力矩电机 204、 转子 208、 用于制动的加紧装置 209、 用于冷却的电机冷却装置 203、 以及其他辅助部件， 如 托板 201、 底板 202、 外壳 205、 内套 206、 转动轴承 207、 编码器 c 210、 连接盘 211。
所述单轴转台采用重心驱动方式， 与非重心驱动的转台相比， 如图 6所示， 其振动幅度 明显降低。
本实施例中所述的五轴立式复合加工中心， 其两个关键功能部件应用了直驱技术， 即电 机直接驱动设备运转， 没有中间的机械传动环节。 所述的五轴立式复合加工中心， 其 B轴应 用的是直驱式单摆铣头， 如图 2所示； C轴应用的是直驱式单轴转台， 如图 5所示； 二者的 共同特点在于以力矩电机为核心驱动元件做回转运动， 从而实现双直驱五轴铣车功能。 而所 谓外转子结构是指以外圈为永磁体转子而内圈为矽钢片及线圈绕组的定子， 制动机构作用于 外转子体上。 以所述单轴转台为例： 将台面直接固定于交流永磁同步外转子式力矩电机转子 的端部， 而将转台的固定壳体与力矩电机的定子冷却套和力矩电机的定子相连接， 因此本实 施例由外转子式力矩电机驱动的单轴转台可以省略中间传动环节， 从而提高了转台的运转精 度和平稳性； 同时电机可以输出较大的扭矩， 提高了机械效率； 此外， 通过采用液压式刹车 机构， 简化了刹车机构， 而且夹紧面积增加， 刹车力较大， 使得夹持平稳， 对系统及传动影 响小； 在相同性能条件下， 外转子力矩电机的体积更小， 进而使得转台体积縮小， 从而使机 床整体结构更加紧凑。
实施例 2
在实施例 1的基础上， 所述立式车铣复合加工中心， 如图 7和图 8所示， 还包括垂直刀 架部件 17;
所述垂直刀架部件包括细长结构的垂直刀架 171、 刀架底座 172及布置于两者之间相对 表面两侧的第二 Z轴支撑线轨 176及第二 Z轴丝杠副，该第二 Z轴丝杠 1751通过联轴器 174 连接第二 Z轴驱动电机 173;
所述 172， 如图 10所示， 其固定于所述横向滑台 16上位于所述单摆铣头 15的一侧， 跟 随横向滑台 16沿 Y轴方向往复移动；
所述垂直刀架 171， 如图 11所示， 其由所述第二 Z轴支撑线轨 176支撑； 并在所述第二 Z轴丝杠副带动下沿 Z轴方向往复移动，具体说， 即所述第二 Z轴支撑线轨的导轨 1761固定 于垂直刀架 171的两侧， 伺服电机通过第二 Z轴丝杠 1751和丝母 1752 " "带动垂直刀架 171 上下移动；
所述第二 Z轴支撑线轨 176还包括阻尼滑块 1763， 所述阻尼滑块 1763排布在导轨上， 以螺栓固定于所述刀架底座 172上， 如图 10所示； 此处安装的阻尼滑块 RUDS..-D用于降低 导轨系统即所述第二 Z轴支撑线轨上的振动， 提高加工质量、 延长振动条件下的刀具寿命并 且可保护过载情况下的线轨系统。
所述垂直刀架 171下部设置有夹刀机构 177， 如图 12所示， 包括位移传感器 1771、 油缸 1772、 碟形弹簧 1773、 流体传输连接件 1774和拉爪 1775， 其具体工作方式如下：
松刀时， 油缸 1772向下压入， 使碟形弹簧 1773向下压紧带动拉爪 1775放松， 松开刀具 的刀柄 409;
夹紧时， 油缸 1772放松， 碟形弹簧 1773向上抬起， 带动拉爪 1775夹紧刀柄 409。 整个夹刀机构采用液压松刀机械式夹紧， 避免了油缸因意外失去压力所带来的危险， 从 而使整个机构更加安全可靠， 如图 9-1和图 9-2所示。
刀柄采用标准型号 HSK-A63, 便于自动换刀， 而且市面常见品种齐全， 种类繁多， 可适 用于不同工艺要求， 便于用户选择。
当然， 在此， 所述刀柄 409还可根据需要定制为各种类型。 其中， 包括但不限于： HSK, BT.SK， DIN, CAT等。
实际工作中，所述垂直刀架 171凭借其细长的结构可以探入零件内腔较深部位进行加工； 相比传统的车刀加长杆， 所述垂直刀架具有更好的刚性， 可以在加工中获得更高的精度， 此 外， 它还可夹持动力刀具， 进行内径的径向铣削钻镗也等加工。 所述动力刀具， 是由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座 400， 如图 13所示， 它设有一个内腔， 所 述刀座内腔中设置芯轴 405和电机 403;
所述电机 403位于整个芯轴 405的中央。电机转子 4031贴在芯轴 405上， 电机定子 4032 镶嵌在刀座内腔的内壁上。 芯轴 405前端有可装夹刀具的标准锥孔及前端锁紧螺母 406， 用 于装夹各种刀具。 前端盖 408内带有骨架油封， 防止漏油。 前后端轴承组面对面安装， 并且 都由 2个角接触轴承组组成， 用于定位芯轴 405和承受加工时所受轴向力。 前端轴承组 404 用来定位芯轴 405， 因此前端盖 408顶紧轴承外圈时需配磨保证定位准确无间隙。 后端轴承 组 402依靠芯轴 405上的轴肩和后端锁紧螺母 401定位。 对芯轴 405起辅助支撑作用。 前后 2个轴承组同时承载切削力， 使整个结构运行更稳定。 后端盖 412内设密封圈， 防止漏油。 所述芯轴 405尾端装有旋转编码器 b 413, 以便用户能够随时跟踪检测力矩电机转速情况。
所述由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座 400和普通刀具刀座 400'的装夹方式相同， 装夹时， 所 述刀座 400通过刀柄 409与机床夹刀机构 177相连接， 刀座 400上的自密封电气接口 410与 机床夹刀机构上的外接电气接口 1776对接，如图 12所示；所述刀座上的自密封电气接口 410 包括电源接口、 伺服驱动接口和编码器接口。 采用自密封式电气接口可有效避免加工时的切 屑和水气污染。
将刀座 100移至要工件 300的加工部位附近， 通过控制器接通电源， 刀座芯轴 405在电 机 403的带动下开始转动可以进行加工。
将刀具动力装置移入刀具内部的结构与常规电主轴加角度头相比， 可以更有效地縮小夹 刀机构尺寸， 使垂直刀架结构更紧凑， 尺寸更小。 从而扩大了该刀架的最小内径加工范围提 高了刀架的适应性。
所述刀座可根据需要定制成径向加工型， 如图 14-1所示； 其轴向加工型， 如图 14-2所 示； 甚至可为 ± 110° 分度型。 以上所述， 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此， 任何 熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内， 根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构 思加以等同替换或改变， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

1、 一种立式车铣复合加工中心， 包括：
床身， 其水平设置；
两个立柱， 其分别固定于床身一端的左右两侧并与床身相垂直；
其特征在于还包括：
两个 X轴侧部支撑线轨和两个 X轴丝杠， 其沿 X轴方向并对应两个立柱左右分布设置 于床身的两侧； 所述 X轴丝杠的端部分别设置 X轴驱动电机；
单轴转台， 其坐于所述两个 X轴侧部支撑线轨之间， 由其下部的第一外转子力矩电机以 直接驱动方式驱动， 其横向座架沿 X轴以往复移动方式配合连接所述两个 X轴丝杠；
两个第一 Z轴侧部支撑线轨和两个第一 Z轴丝杠，其沿 Z轴方向分别设置于所述立柱上； 在两个第一 z轴侧部支撑线轨间架设有横梁， 所述横梁以沿 Z轴上下往复移动方式配合连接 所述两个第一 z轴丝杠； 所述 Z轴丝杠端部分别设置第一 Z轴驱动电机；
两个 Y轴线轨和一个 Y轴丝杠， 其沿 Y轴方向上下分布设置于所述横梁上， 所述横梁 上配置有横向滑台， 所述横向滑台以沿 Y轴往复移动方式配合连接所述 Y轴丝杠； 所述 Y 轴丝杠端部设置 Y轴驱动电机；
所述横向滑台上设置有单摆铣头部件； 所述单摆铣头部件由其后部第二外转子力矩电机 以直接驱动方式驱动。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
所述单轴转台下部中间位置坐于 X轴中部支撑线轨上；
且所述单轴转台的重心位于两侧的 X轴丝杠所处的平面内，位于所述 X轴丝杠之间的中 间位置。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
还包括垂直刀架部件；
所述垂直刀架部件包括细长结构的垂直刀架、 刀架底座及布置于两者之间相对表面两侧 的第二 Z轴支撑线轨及第二 Z轴丝杠副，该第二 Z轴丝杠副通过联轴器连接第二 Z轴驱动电 机；
所述刀架底座固定于所述横向滑台上位于所述单摆铣头的一侧， 跟随横向滑台沿 Y轴方 向往复移动；
所述垂直刀架由所述第二 z轴支撑线轨支撑； 并在所述第二 Z轴丝杠副带动下沿 Z轴方 向往复移动；
所述垂直刀架下部设置有夹刀机构。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的任一立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
与所述夹刀机构通过刀柄相连接的是由力矩电机直接驱动的刀座；
所述刀座设有一个内腔， 所述刀座内腔中设置芯轴和力矩电机；
所述芯轴通过布置于所述刀座内腔的轴承组进行支承和定位； 轴承以芯轴轴肩和锁紧螺 母定位压紧； 所述芯轴的前端加工有用于装夹刀具的锥孔。 配合卡套和前端锁紧螺母夹紧刀 具；
所述电机位于整个芯轴的中央， 电机转子贴于芯轴上， 电机定子固定于所述刀座内腔壁 上；
所述刀座上安装有自密封式电气接口，其与配套安装于所述垂直刀架部件上的夹刀机构 上的电气接口对接；
所述电气接口包括电源接口和伺服驱动接口。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的任一立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
所述垂直刀架部件上的第二 Z轴支撑线轨还包括阻尼滑块， 所述阻尼滑块排布在所述第 二 Z轴支撑线轨上， 以螺栓固定于所述刀架底座上。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的任一立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
所述垂直刀架部件上的 Z轴线轨还包括阻尼滑块， 所述阻尼滑块排布在导轨上， 以螺栓 固定于所述刀架底座上。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的任一立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
所述芯轴尾端装有旋转编码器；
所述电气接口还包括编码器接口。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的任一立式车铣复合加工中心， 其特征在于：
所述芯轴尾端装有旋转编码器；
所述电气接口还包括编码器接口。
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