WO2012098810A1 - 回転ツールユニット、摩擦攪拌接合方法、ダブルスキンパネルの組立体及びダブルスキンパネルの摩擦攪拌接合方法 - Google Patents
回転ツールユニット、摩擦攪拌接合方法、ダブルスキンパネルの組立体及びダブルスキンパネルの摩擦攪拌接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012098810A1 WO2012098810A1 PCT/JP2011/080081 JP2011080081W WO2012098810A1 WO 2012098810 A1 WO2012098810 A1 WO 2012098810A1 JP 2011080081 W JP2011080081 W JP 2011080081W WO 2012098810 A1 WO2012098810 A1 WO 2012098810A1
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- Prior art keywords
- shoulder
- pin
- metal plate
- plate
- friction stir
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/045—Hollow panels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotary tool unit provided with a bobbin tool, a friction stir welding method using the rotary tool unit, an assembly of double skin panels joined using the rotary tool unit, and a double skin panel using the rotary tool unit
- the present invention relates to a friction stir welding method.
- a bobbin tool is known as a tool for friction stir welding of end faces of metal plates (see Patent Document 1).
- the bobbin tool includes a pair of shoulders and a pin formed between the shoulders.
- the metal plate is restrained so as not to move, and then a bobbin tool rotated at a high speed from one end side of the metal plate is inserted, and the pin is moved along the abutting portion.
- the metal around the end faces is frictionally stirred to join the metal plates together.
- the shoulder is also provided on the back side of the metal plate, the backing member disposed on the back side of the metal plate can be usually omitted.
- the work of installing the backing member becomes complicated, so that labor can be greatly reduced.
- Double skin panels are used as structures such as railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, and civil engineering structures.
- the double skin panel includes an outer plate, an inner plate, and a support plate interposed between the outer plate and the inner plate.
- a rotating tool is used when joining the double skin panels. It is known that friction stir welding is performed on the abutted portions.
- the metal plate may be deformed by frictional heat. is there. If the metal plate is deformed by frictional heat, the center of the pin and the center of the metal plate may not be aligned, resulting in poor bonding.
- the spiral groove may be engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the pin of the bobbin tool, but depending on the direction of the spiral groove and the range to be engraved, the concave groove formed on the decorative surface of the metal plate after joining becomes large, There is a problem that many burrs are generated on the makeup surface.
- the double skin panel is a thin and long metal member, it is difficult to accurately abut the outer plates and the inner plates of the pair of double skin panels. Further, even if the double skin panel assembly is fixed to be immovable with a jig, there is a problem that the double skin panels are separated from each other when the rotary tool is moved and joined.
- the present invention provides a rotary tool unit and a friction stir welding method capable of suitably joining while suppressing the occurrence of joining defects when joining a pair of metal plates using a bobbin tool. This is the issue.
- Another object of the present invention is to reduce the burrs generated on the decorative surface of the metal plate or reduce the concave grooves formed on the decorative surface when the spiral groove is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the pin of the bobbin tool. It is another object of the present invention to provide a double skin panel assembly and a double skin panel friction stir welding method capable of suitably joining a double skin panel.
- the present invention is a rotary tool unit used for friction stir welding, a cylindrical holder fixed to a chuck portion of a friction stirrer, and the holder inserted into the holder.
- a slide shaft that rotates integrally with the holder, and a bobbin tool that includes a first shoulder, a second shoulder, and a pin formed between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, and the slide shaft.
- the first shoulder is fixed to the tip of the holder, and slide means is provided between the holder and the slide shaft so that the slide shaft slides in the axial direction with respect to the holder.
- the slide means comprises a bearing groove formed on an outer surface of the slide shaft or an inner surface of the holder and a ball bearing that slides in the bearing groove.
- the sliding means can be easily configured.
- the holder and the slide shaft can be integrally rotated with an easy configuration, and the slide shaft can be moved within the keyway range.
- the slide further includes a protrusion extending along one axial direction of the inner surface of the holder and the outer surface of the slide shaft, and a recess extending along the other axial direction. As the shaft moves, it is preferable that the protrusions move inside the concave stripes.
- the holder and the slide shaft can be integrally rotated with an easy configuration, and the slide shaft can be moved in the axial direction in a wide range.
- the present invention is a friction stir welding method for joining a pair of metal plates using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, and a butting step of abutting the end faces of the metal plates together
- the first shoulder And the distance between the second shoulder is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and when the metal plate is deformed by friction stirring and the position of the metal plate is displaced in the axial direction of the bobbin tool, The bobbin tool moves in the axial direction following the displacement.
- the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set to 0.2 mm ⁇ ⁇ (thickness of the metal plate) ⁇ (distance between shoulders) ⁇ It is preferable to set so that ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders are set to 0.4 mm ⁇ ⁇ (thickness of the metal plate) ⁇ ( It is preferable to set the distance between the shoulders) ⁇ ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the shoulder by a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the pin is set to be larger than 2.0.
- a value obtained by dividing a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the pin by a value obtained by subtracting a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the pin from a value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the shoulder is greater than 0.2, and It is preferable that the value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter of the pin by the product of the outer diameter of the pin and the distance between the shoulders is set to be larger than 1.2.
- the value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter of the pin by the value obtained by subtracting the square of the outer diameter of the pin from the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter of the shoulder is 0.2 or less, Since the pin is thin, the tensile strength is insufficient and the pin is easily broken. However, if the pin is larger than 0.2, the pin is relatively thick and is not easily broken.
- the value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter of the pin by the product of the outer diameter of the pin and the distance between the shoulders is preferably set to be larger than 1.2. When this value is 1.2 or less, the pin becomes thin and the bending strength is insufficient and the pin is easily broken. However, when the value is larger than 1.2, the pin is relatively thick and is not easily broken.
- the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the left side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool. In this case, it is preferable to rotate the bobbin tool clockwise. Further, in the joining step, when the thickness of the metal plate at the abutted portion is different, the metal plate with the larger thickness of the metal plate is arranged on the right side with respect to the traveling direction of the bobbin tool. In this case, it is preferable to rotate the bobbin tool counterclockwise.
- the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the end surface is aligned with the axial center of the pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction.
- a pin of the bobbin tool that is rotated clockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to an abutting portion formed by abutting each other, and a spiral groove of a right screw is formed on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the pin. It is preferable that the right-hand spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the first shoulder and the second shoulder.
- the bobbin tool is pushed to the slide shaft side by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw, and the metal plate It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the right-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.
- the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.
- the first shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the end surface is aligned with the axial center of the pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction.
- the pin of the bobbin tool that has been rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to the abutting portion formed by abutting each other, and a spiral groove of a left screw is formed on the first shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the pin.
- the left-hand spiral groove is formed at a rate of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.
- the left shoulder screw on the first shoulder side is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, so that the bobbin tool is pushed to the slide shaft side by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, and the metal plate It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- a right-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove and the second shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.
- the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.
- the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the end surface is aligned with the axial center of the pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction.
- a pin of the bobbin tool that has been rotated clockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to a butting portion formed by abutting each other, and a spiral groove of a left-hand thread is formed on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the pin. It is preferable that the left-handed spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.
- the bobbin tool is pushed to the opposite side of the slide shaft by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- a right-handed spiral groove is formed between an end portion of the left-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder on the outer peripheral surface.
- the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.
- the second shoulder and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and the end surface is aligned with the axial center of the pin and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction.
- a pin of the bobbin tool that is rotated counterclockwise as viewed from the slide shaft side is moved to a butting portion formed by abutting each other, and a spiral groove of a right screw is formed on the second shoulder side of the outer peripheral surface of the pin.
- the right-hand spiral groove is formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance between the shoulders.
- the bobbin tool is pushed to the opposite side of the slide shaft by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw, It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from penetrating deeply into the decorative surface of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- a left-handed spiral groove is formed between an end of the right-handed spiral groove and the first shoulder in the outer peripheral surface.
- the stirring efficiency of friction stirring can be increased.
- the joining step it is preferable to join the metal plate while cooling the decorative surface side.
- the double skin panels it is possible to prevent the double skin panels from being separated when they are joined by engaging the flanges of the outer plates.
- the collar is provided on the inner plate, it is difficult to abut the double skin panels.
- the inner plate is not provided with the collar and only the end surfaces are abutted. Thereby, the work of the preparation process which abuts a double skin panel can be labor-saving.
- Each of the flange portions includes a thin portion extending from the thick portion of the outer plate, and an overhang portion that extends continuously from the thin portion and extends in the plate thickness direction.
- the parts are preferably engaged with each other.
- the collar portion can be provided with a simple configuration.
- an overhanging inclined surface is formed on a side portion of the overhanging portion of one of the double skin panels, and the thick wall portion of the other double skin panel is in surface contact with the overhanging inclined surface. It is preferable that a thick inclined surface is formed.
- the double skin panels can be easily engaged with each other.
- the length from the support plate to the end surface is c (mm) and the thickness of the thick portion is t (mm).
- C ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ t + 18.5 mm is preferably set.
- the deformation on the end side of the member may be increased.
- the deformation on the end side of the member is reduced.
- a friction stir welding method for a double skin panel in which the ends of a pair of double skin panels are friction stir welded using the rotary tool unit according to claim 1, wherein one of the double skin panels The end portion of the inner plate of one of the double skin panels is engaged with the flange portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of the other double skin panel while engaging the flange portion formed on the end portion of the outer plate of the other double skin panel.
- the joining step it is preferable to join the butt portion after joining the engaging portion.
- the double skin panel assembly and the double skin panel friction stir welding method according to the present invention it is possible to suppress the occurrence of welding defects and to perform welding appropriately. Further, according to the double skin panel assembly and the double skin panel friction stir welding method according to the present invention, the double skin panel can be suitably joined.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line II in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 3. It is a side view showing the bobbin tool concerning a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a friction stir welding method according to the first embodiment, in which FIG. 3A is a side sectional view, and FIG. 3B is an end view taken along line III-III in FIG. It is a side view which shows the bobbin tool which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a sectional side view which shows the friction stir welding method which concerns on 2nd embodiment.
- (A) shows the 1st modification of the friction stir welding method
- (b) shows the 2nd modification of the friction stir welding method.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a rotary tool unit according to a modification, where (a) is a side sectional view and (b) is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV in (a).
- Example 1 it is a graph which shows the relationship between the clearance gap between the test bodies H1, and the thickness of a junction part. In Example 1, it is a graph which shows the relationship between the clearance gap between the test bodies H3, and the thickness of a junction part. In Example 1, it is a table
- surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of a metal plate which affects joining quality, and a clearance gap, Comprising: The case where the thickness of Ad side thickness of Re side is shown. It is a table
- Example 1 It is a table
- (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the central portion
- (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Ad portion.
- (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the thickness of the Re portion
- (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the gap and the average thickness.
- Example 2 it is a table
- surface which shows the relationship between the thickness of a metal plate and gap which affects joining quality, Comprising: The case where the thickness of Ad side thickness of Re side is shown.
- Example 1 it is the table
- Example 2 it is the table
- Example 3 it is the graph which showed the influence (gap 0mm of butt
- Example 3 it is the graph which showed the influence (gap 1.5mm of butt
- Example 4 It is the front view which showed the engagement form or butt
- FIG. It is the table
- the friction stirrer 1 is a device for friction stir welding the butted portions N of a pair of butted metal plates.
- a bobbin tool 5 is attached to the tip of the friction stirrer 1.
- the hollow shape member 100A is an extruded shape member made of an aluminum alloy, and is a long member having a hollow portion 100a having a rectangular cross-sectional view.
- the hollow shape member 100A includes a main body portion 101 having a hollow portion 100a, and plate-like end portions 102 and 103 projecting from the upper and lower ends of the left side surface of the main body portion 101 to the left side (hollow shape member 100B side).
- the main body 101 is composed of four face materials 104, 105, 106, and 107, and is formed in a rectangular shape in sectional view.
- the plate-like end portions 102 and 103 have a plate shape and are perpendicular to the face material 105.
- the length in the left-right direction of the plate-like end portions 102 and 103 is about half that of the face material 104.
- the plate-like end portions 102 and 103 have the same thickness as the face materials 104, 105, 106 and 107.
- the plate-like end portions 102 and 103 are portions corresponding to the “metal plate” in the claims.
- the hollow shape member 100B is a metal member having a shape equivalent to that of the hollow shape member 100A.
- the hollow shape member 100B is denoted by the same reference numeral as the hollow shape member 100A, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the plate-like end portions 102 and 103 of the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shapes 100B and 102B are brought into contact with each other. More specifically, the end surface 102a of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A and the end surface 102a of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100B are abutted with each other, and the end surface 103a of the plate-like end portion 103 of the hollow shape member 100A. And the end face 103a of the plate-like end portion 103 of the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other. As shown in FIG.
- a portion where the end faces 102a and 102a and the end faces 103a and 103a are abutted with each other is referred to as a “butting portion N”.
- abutting portion N When joining the butt portion N, it is preferable that the end faces 102a and 102a are in close contact with each other, but the plate-like end portions 102 and 102 are deformed due to tolerances of the hollow shape members 100A and 100B and frictional heat at the time of joining. However, a minute gap may be formed between the end faces 102a and 102a.
- the abutting portion N is a concept including a case where a minute gap is generated in the end faces 102a and 102a.
- the plate-shaped end portion of the hollow shape material is illustrated as an object to be joined, but the object to be joined is formed of a metal capable of friction stir, and is particularly a member that exhibits a plate shape. It is not limited.
- the friction stirrer 1 is mainly comprised by the chuck
- the chuck portion 1 a is a cylindrical member having a flange, and is connected to the main body D of the friction stirrer 1 with a bolt B ⁇ b> 1.
- the chuck part 1 a is a part that rotates around the axis by the rotational drive of the friction stirrer 1.
- a cylindrical surface 1b is formed on the inner periphery of the chuck portion 1a.
- the rotary tool unit 2 includes a holder 3, a slide shaft 4, a bobbin tool 5, and slide means 6.
- the rotary tool unit 2 can be attached to and detached from the chuck portion 1a.
- the holder 3 is a member that contains the slide shaft 4 and is fixed inside the chuck portion 1a.
- the holder 3 has a cylindrical shape.
- the bolts 2B and 2B are fastened in the radial direction from the outer surface of the chuck portion 1a, and their tips are in contact with the flat surface 3a. Thereby, the chuck
- the holder 3 is formed with an elongated key groove 3b penetrating in the radial direction.
- the slide shaft 4 has a cylindrical shape and is a member disposed in the hollow portion of the holder 3.
- the slide shaft 4 is movable in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 3.
- a key 4 a that protrudes outward is formed on the outer surface of the slide shaft 4.
- the bobbin tool 5 is made of, for example, tool steel and is connected to the slide shaft 4.
- the bobbin tool 5 rotates forward and backward integrally with the chuck portion 1a, the holder 3, and the slide shaft 4.
- the bobbin tool 5 includes a first shoulder 11, a second shoulder 12 disposed below the first shoulder 11, and a pin 13 connecting the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. .
- the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 have a cylindrical shape and have the same outer diameter.
- the pin 13 has a cylindrical shape and connects the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12.
- the pin 13 passes through the second shoulder 12.
- the pin 13 penetrating the second shoulder 12 is fastened with a nut at the lower end of the second shoulder 12.
- the directions of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are engraved so as to be wound in opposite directions.
- the upper spiral groove 13a is carved from the lower end of the first shoulder 11 to an intermediate position in the height direction of the pin 13.
- the upper spiral groove 13a is formed with a right screw. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a is engraved so as to be wound clockwise from top to bottom.
- the lower spiral groove 13b is engraved from the upper end of the second shoulder 12 to an intermediate position in the height direction of the pin 13.
- the lower spiral groove 13b is formed with a left screw. That is, the lower spiral groove 13b is engraved so as to be wound counterclockwise from the top to the bottom.
- the metal that has been friction-stirred and plastically fluidized is slightly increased from the central portion of the plate-shaped end portion 102 toward the upper end direction or the lower end direction. It is supposed to move. Note that the movement of the metal in the vertical direction is limited to a minute amount compared to the movement of the metal in the circumferential direction due to the rotation of the pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5.
- the winding direction of the spiral groove and the ratio of engraving may be appropriately set according to the positional relationship between the decorative surface of the metal plate to be joined and the bobbin tool 5, the rotation direction of the bobbin tool, and the like.
- both the right and left spiral grooves are engraved on the pin 13, but for example, all the right thread spiral grooves may be engraved on the pin 13. All may be provided with a left-handed spiral groove.
- the first shoulder 11 side is a right-hand thread and the second shoulder 12 side is a left-hand thread, but the first shoulder 11 side may be a left-hand thread and the second shoulder 12 side may be a right-hand thread.
- the distance Z between the shoulders of the bobbin tool 5 (the length of the pin 13) is equal to or smaller than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A. Is preferred. For example, in the present embodiment, the distance Z between shoulders is 0.2 mm smaller than the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A.
- the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the abutting portion N can be set to 1.00 mm or less
- the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.2 mm ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0. It is preferable to set the distance to 8 mm.
- the gap between the end faces 102a, 102a of the butt portion N can be set larger than 1.00 and 1.75 mm or less
- the thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to 0.4 mm ⁇ It is preferable to set so that TZ ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- the bobbin tool 5 is set so that the value obtained by dividing the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 by the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 is greater than 2.0. It is preferable. According to the bobbin tool 5, since the amount of material discharged as burrs can be suppressed by the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, the occurrence of joint defects can be reduced.
- the bobbin tool 5 subtracts the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 from the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. It is preferable that the value divided by the value is set to be larger than 0.2. According to such a bobbin tool 5, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the tensile strength of the pin against the material resistance generated in the tool axis direction at the time of joining, so that the pin 13 can be prevented from being damaged.
- the bobbin tool 5 may be set so that a value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 by the product of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 and the distance Z between the shoulders is greater than 1.2. preferable. According to such a bobbin tool 5, since the bending strength of the pin against the material resistance flowing in the direction opposite to the direction of travel of the tool at the time of joining can be sufficiently ensured, damage to the pin 13 can be prevented. These grounds are described in the examples.
- the slide means 6 is a mechanism for smoothly moving the slide shaft 4 in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 3 as shown in FIG. 3B and FIG.
- the slide means 6 includes a bearing groove 8 formed on the inner surface of the holder 3 and a ball bearing 9 that slides in the bearing groove 8.
- the bearing groove 8 is formed in an oval shape on the inner surface of the holder 3 as viewed from the side.
- the depth of the bearing groove 8 is smaller than the diameter of the ball bearing 9.
- a plurality of ball bearings 9 are disposed inside the bearing groove 8. One end of the ball bearing 9 is in sliding contact with the outer surface of the slide shaft 4, and the other end is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the bearing groove 8.
- the configuration of the slide means 6 is not limited to the configuration of the present embodiment.
- the slide means 6 only needs to be configured so that the holder 3 and the slide shaft 4 rotate integrally and the slide shaft 4 smoothly moves in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 3.
- a bearing groove 8 and a ball bearing 9 may be provided on the slide shaft 4 side.
- the temperature of the plate-like end portions 102 and 102 increases due to frictional heat, and the plate-like end portions 102 and 102 may warp upward or downward.
- the slide shaft 4 is formed to be movable with respect to the holder 3
- the bobbin follows the warpage.
- the tool 5 is configured to move upward by a predetermined distance.
- the bobbin tool 5 is configured to move downward by a predetermined distance following the warpage.
- joining is performed by rotating the bobbin tool 5 clockwise. Specifically, in this joining method, a butting process for butting the hollow members together and a joining process for inserting the bobbin tool 5 into the butting part N are performed.
- the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface.
- the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are opposed to each other at the plate-like end portions 102, and the end surfaces 102a and 102a and the end surfaces 103a and 103a are brought into surface contact. More specifically, surface contact is made so that the midpoint of one end face 102a and the midpoint of the other end face 102a overlap.
- temporary attachment may be performed by welding or the like along the abutting portion N so that the hollow shape members 100A and 100B are not separated from each other. When the hollow shape member 100A and the hollow shape member 100B are brought into contact with each other, they are restrained so as not to move.
- the center 13c of the pin 13 is positioned outside the butt portion N so as to overlap the center Nc of the butt portion N. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the bobbin tool 5 rotated to the right is moved along the abutting portion N. When the bobbin tool 5 is inserted into the butting portion N, the metal around the pin 13 is frictionally stirred by the pin 13 that rotates at high speed, and the plate-like end portions 102 are integrated. A plasticized region W is formed in the locus of the pin 13.
- the bobbin tool 5 follows the warpage in the vertical direction. It is possible to move smoothly. Thereby, it can suppress that the height position of the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the butt
- the plastic fluidized metal can be pressed, and the plastic flow is caused by friction stirring. It is possible to prevent the converted metal from overflowing to the outside of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12. Thereby, generation
- the metal that has been frictionally stirred and fluidized is guided to the upper spiral groove 13 a of the right screw of the pin 13 and the lower spiral groove 13 b of the left screw, and the center Nc of the plate-like end portion 102.
- the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5 is pushed toward the slide shaft 4 (upward) with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove. , It is possible to prevent the surface (decorative surface) Sa from entering deeply.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b is 50:50, as shown in FIG. 7A, the amount of metal that moves on the upper side and the lower side is evenly distributed. can do. Thereby, the position shift with the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the butt
- the joining process is preferably performed while cooling the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 with a cooling device capable of supplying, for example, a cooled gas or liquid.
- a cooling device capable of supplying, for example, a cooled gas or liquid.
- FIG. 8 is a side view showing the bobbin tool according to the second embodiment.
- the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw formed in the upper half and the lower portion of the right screw formed in the lower half A spiral groove 13b is engraved. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a is engraved so as to be wound counterclockwise from top to bottom, and the lower spiral groove 13b is engraved so as to be wound clockwise from top to bottom. Has been.
- the distance between shoulders (the length of the pin 13) Z of the bobbin tool 5A is preferably equal to or less than the plate thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A.
- the distance Z between shoulders is 0.4 mm smaller than the plate thickness T of the plate-like end portion 102 of the hollow shape member 100A.
- the bobbin tool 5A is rotated to the left to perform joining. Specifically, in this joining method, a butting process for butting the hollow members together and a joining process for inserting the bobbin tool 5A into the butting part N are performed.
- the surface Sa is set as a decorative surface. Since the matching process is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the center 13c of the pin 13 is positioned outside the butt portion N so as to overlap the center Nc of the butt portion N. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, the bobbin tool 5 ⁇ / b> A that has been rotated counterclockwise is moved along the abutting portion N.
- the metal around the pin 13 is frictionally stirred by the pin 13 rotating at high speed, and the plate-like end portions 102 are integrated.
- a plasticized region W is formed in the locus of the pin 13.
- the metal that has been frictionally stirred and fluidized is guided to the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw of the pin 13 and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw from the center Nc of the plate-like end portion 102. It moves to the surface Sa side and the back surface Sb side, respectively. Since the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw is formed at a ratio of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5A is pushed toward the slide shaft 4 (upward) with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove. , It is possible to prevent the surface (decorative surface) Sa from entering deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the formation of the concave groove V on the surface (decorative surface) Sa, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b is 50:50, the amount of metal to be moved can be made uniform. Thereby, the position shift with the center 13c of the pin 13 and the center Nc of the butt
- the first modification is different from the above-described embodiment in that the plate-like end portion 102A and the plate-like end portion 102B have different thicknesses.
- the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102B is larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102A.
- the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102A and the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102B are abutted so as to overlap each other.
- the bobbin tool 5 is rotated to the right, and the plate-like end portion 102B (metal plate) having the larger thickness of the butted portion N of the plate-like end portion 102B is moved in the traveling direction. And place it on the left side.
- the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102B corresponding to the shear side is made larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102A, thereby eliminating the shortage of metal in the central portion of the plasticized region W. It can join more suitably.
- the second modified example is different from the above-described embodiment in that the plate-like end portion 102C and the plate-like end portion 102D have different thicknesses.
- the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102C is larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-like end portion 102D.
- the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102C and the midpoint in the height direction of the plate-like end portion 102D are abutted so as to overlap each other.
- the bobbin tool 5 is rotated counterclockwise so that the plate-like end portion 102C (metal plate) having the larger thickness of the butted portion N of the plate-like end portion 102C is moved in the traveling direction. To the right.
- the thickness T1 of the plate-like end portion 102C corresponding to the shear side is made larger than the thickness T2 of the plate-shaped end portion 102D by the same principle as in the first modified example.
- the shortage of the metal in the central portion can be solved and the bonding can be performed more suitably.
- the rotary tool unit of the third modification includes a holder 50, a slide shaft 51, a slide means 52, and a bobbin tool 5.
- the structure of the holder 50 and the slide shaft 51 is different from that of the first embodiment.
- the holder 50 includes a main body cylinder portion 53 and a collar portion 54 formed at the lower end of the main body cylinder portion 53.
- the main body cylinder portion 53 has a cylindrical shape.
- protrusions 53a and 53a projecting inward are formed on the inner surface of the main body cylinder portion 53.
- the ridges 53a and 53a are formed at opposing positions.
- the protrusion 53a has a substantially semicircular shape in cross section and is formed over the entire length of the main body cylinder portion 53 in the height direction.
- the collar portion 54 has an L shape in cross section and a ring shape in plan view, and is joined to the lower end of the main body cylinder portion 53.
- the collar portion 54 includes a stopper portion 54 a that projects inward from the inner surface of the main body cylinder portion 53.
- the slide shaft 52 includes a large diameter portion 55, a small diameter portion 56 provided below the large diameter portion 55, and a stepped portion 57 formed by the large diameter portion 55 and the small diameter portion 56.
- a large diameter portion 55 As shown in FIG. 11 (b), on the outer surface of the large-diameter portion 55, recesses 55a and 55a corresponding to the protrusions 53a are formed.
- the concave line 55a has a shape substantially equivalent to the protruding line 53a, and is formed over the entire length of the large diameter part 55 in the height direction.
- the slide means 52 has substantially the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and includes a bearing groove 52a and a ball bearing 52b as shown in FIG.
- the slide means 52 smoothly moves the slide shaft 51 in the axial direction with respect to the holder 50.
- the holder 51 and the slide shaft 52 rotate integrally while allowing movement in the axial direction. Since the protrusion 53a is formed in the full length of the holder 51 in the height direction, the moving distance of the slide shaft 51 can be increased. Moreover, since the full length of the protrusion 53a engages with the recess 55a, the slide shaft 52 can be moved stably. In addition, since the protrusions 53a and the recesses 55a are provided on both sides of the rotation shaft, they can be moved more stably. Further, when the stopper portion 54a and the stepped portion 57 of the slide shaft 51 come into contact with each other, the downward movement of the slide shaft 51 can be restricted.
- the rotary tool unit is configured as described above, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the holder and the slide shaft may be a polygon.
- FIG. 1 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- the third embodiment a case where double skin panels are joined is illustrated.
- the vertical and horizontal directions in the description of the present embodiment follow the arrows in FIG.
- the double skin panel 201 is a thin long metal member, and is mainly composed of an outer plate 202, an inner plate 203, and support plates 204 and 204. Each support plate 204 is perpendicular to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203.
- the double skin panel 201 is used as a structure such as a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, and a civil engineering structure by joining a plurality of double skin panels 201 in the left-right direction.
- the manufacturing method of the double skin panel 201 is not particularly limited, in the present embodiment, it is formed by extrusion.
- the material of the double skin panel 201 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stirring, but in this embodiment, an aluminum alloy is used.
- the outer plate 202 includes a central portion 205, a right plate-like end portion 210 extending rightward from the central portion 205, and a left-side plate-like end portion 220 extending leftward from the central portion 205. .
- the right side plate-like end portion 210 includes a first outer plate thick portion 211, a first flange portion 212, and a first build-up portion 213.
- the first outer plate thick portion 211 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the right side.
- the first brim part 212 has a bowl shape, and includes a first thin part 214 extending to the right side and a first overhanging part 215 projecting perpendicularly from the first thin part 214.
- the first thin portion 214 is about one third of the thickness of the first outer plate thick portion 211.
- the first overhanging portion 215 overhangs from the tip of the first thin portion 214 toward the inner plate 203 side.
- a first projecting inclined surface 216 is formed on the side of the first projecting portion 215 so as to be closer to the support plate 204 toward the inner plate 203 side.
- the first build-up portion 213 is a portion formed to protrude thickly from the upper surfaces of the first outer plate thick portion 211, the first thin portion 214, and the first overhang portion 215 and to be thick.
- the left side plate-like end portion 220 is mainly composed of a second outer plate thick portion 221, a second flange portion 222, and a second build-up portion 223.
- the second outer plate thick portion 221 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the left side.
- the second flange portion 222 has a hook shape, and includes a second thin portion 224 that extends to the left side and a second overhang portion 225 that extends perpendicularly to the second thin portion 224. Yes.
- the second thin portion 224 is about one third of the thickness of the second outer plate thick portion 221.
- the second projecting portion 225 projects from the tip of the second thin portion 224 toward the side opposite to the inner plate 203.
- a second thick portion inclined surface 226 is formed at the left end of the second outer plate thick portion 221 so as to be inclined away from the support plate 204 toward the inner plate 203 side.
- the second thick part inclined surface 226 has the same inclination angle as the first projecting inclined surface 216.
- the second build-up portion 223 is a portion that protrudes upward from the upper surface of the second outer plate thick portion 221 with a certain thickness and is formed thick.
- the inner plate 203 includes a central portion 206, a right plate-like end portion 230 extending to the right from the central portion 206, and a left-side plate-like end portion 240 extending to the left from the central portion 206. .
- the right side plate-like end portion 230 includes a first inner plate thick portion 231, a first build-up portion 232, and a first end surface 233.
- the first inner plate thick portion 231 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the right side.
- the first built-up portion 232 is a portion that protrudes downward from the lower surface on the distal end side of the first inner plate thick portion 231 and is thick.
- the left side plate-like end portion 240 is composed of a second inner plate thick portion 241, a second built-up portion 242, and a second end surface 243.
- the second inner plate thick portion 241 is perpendicular to the support plate 204 and extends to the left side.
- the second build-up portion 242 is a portion that protrudes downward from the lower surface on the distal end side of the second inner plate thick portion 241 and is thick.
- the friction stirrer 261 includes a chuck portion 261a and a rotary tool unit 262 fixed to the chuck portion 261a.
- the chuck portion 261a is joined to the main body (not shown) of the friction stirrer 261 with a bolt as in the first embodiment.
- the rotating tool unit 262 includes a holder 263, a slide shaft 264, a bobbin tool 265, and a slide means (not shown).
- the holder 263 is a member that includes the slide shaft 264 and is attached to the inside of the chuck portion 261a.
- the holder 263 has a cylindrical shape.
- the holder 263 is formed with an elongated key groove 263b penetrating in the radial direction.
- the slide shaft 264 is a member that has a cylindrical shape and is inserted into the hollow portion of the holder 263, as shown in FIG.
- the slide shaft 264 is movable in the vertical direction with respect to the holder 263.
- a key 264 a that protrudes outward is formed on the outer surface of the slide shaft 264.
- the bobbin tool 265 includes a first shoulder 252, a second shoulder 253, and a pin 254 interposed between the first shoulder 252 and the second shoulder 253.
- Each of the first shoulder 252, the second shoulder 253, and the pin 254 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is coaxial.
- the bobbin tool 265 is a tool for friction stir welding by moving the pin 254 while rotating the joint at high speed.
- the first shoulder 252 includes a large diameter portion 252a, a tapered portion 252b, and a lower end surface 252c.
- the tapered portion 252b is gradually reduced in diameter toward the lower side.
- the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252 is formed with a recess having a spiral shape in plan view along the periphery of the pin 254.
- the second shoulder 253 is configured to have a groove on the outer surface.
- the second shoulder 253 includes a large diameter portion 253a, a tapered portion 253b, and an upper end surface 253c.
- the tapered portion 253b is gradually reduced in diameter toward the upper side.
- the outer diameter Y1 of the large diameter part 253a is smaller than the outer diameter X1 of the large diameter part 252a.
- the diameter Y2 of the upper end surface 253c is equal to the diameter X2 of the lower end surface 252c.
- a spiral groove 255 formed by a left-hand screw is engraved on the outer surface of the pin 254. That is, the spiral groove 255 is wound so as to be counterclockwise from the top to the bottom.
- the outer diameter U of the pin 254 is smaller than the diameter X2 and the diameter Y2.
- the first shoulder 252 is connected to the slide shaft 264 via a nut.
- the distance between the shoulders of the bobbin tool 265 is the plate thickness of the portion to be joined (in this embodiment, the total thickness of the first outer plate thick portion 211 and the first build-up portion 213).
- the following is preferable.
- the depth, pitch, and the like of the spiral groove 255 may be appropriately set according to the material of the metal plate to be frictionally stirred, the thickness of the portion to be joined, the distance between the shoulders, and the like.
- the slide means (not shown) is formed between the holder 263 and the slide shaft 264, and smoothly moves the slide shaft 264 up and down with respect to the holder 263. Since the slide means is the same as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the friction stirrer 261 is formed so that the slide shaft 264 can move with respect to the holder 263, when the metal plate to be joined is warped upward, for example, the bobbin tool 265 follows the warp and the bobbin tool 265 has a predetermined distance. It is configured to move upwards only. On the other hand, when the metal plate to be joined is warped downward, the bobbin tool 265 is configured to move downward by a predetermined distance following the warpage. Thereby, the position shift of the bobbin tool 265 with respect to the metal plate during friction stir welding can be suppressed.
- the double skin panels 201 and 201 are brought into contact with each other to form a double skin panel assembly, and the assembly is restrained so as not to move.
- one double skin panel is labeled “201A”
- the other double skin panel is labeled “201B”
- “A” and “B” are added to the corresponding elements. Distinguish.
- the first collar 212A of the double skin panel 201A and the second collar 222B of the double skin panel 201B are engaged, and the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted with each other. .
- 212 A of 1st collar parts and the 2nd collar part 222B engage without gap, and the engaging part M is formed.
- the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted to form an abutting portion N.
- center line C An extension line of a portion where the overhang portion 215A and the overhang portion 225B are engaged and a portion where the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted with each other is referred to as a “center line C”.
- the upper surface of the first built-up portion 213A and the upper surface of the second built-up portion 223B are flush with each other, and the lower surface of the first outer plate thick portion 211A and the second outer plate thick portion 221B.
- the lower surface of is flush.
- the upper surface of the first inner plate thick portion 231A and the upper surface of the second inner plate thick portion 241B are flush with each other, and the lower surface of the first built-up portion 232A and the lower surface of the second built-up portion 242B are surfaces. It is one.
- the assembly is restrained so as not to move with a jig.
- a first joining process for joining the engaging part M using the bobbin tool 265 and a second joining process for joining the butt part N are performed.
- the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the traveling direction. Then, the center of the pin 254 of the bobbin tool 265 rotated to the right is aligned with the center of the engaging portion M in the height direction on the center line C, and enters the engaging portion M. Then, friction stir welding is performed along the engaging portion M from the front side toward the rear side. Note that the plasticizing region W1 is formed in the engaging portion M along the locus along which the bobbin tool 265 moves (see FIG. 18).
- the double skin panel assembly is turned over and the double skin panel assembly is again restrained so as not to move. Then, the center of the pin 254 of the bobbin tool 265 rotated to the right is aligned with the center in the height direction of the abutting portion N on the center line C, and is plunged into the abutting portion N. Then, friction stir welding is performed along the abutting portion N from the front side toward the rear side. A plasticized region (not shown) is formed in the butt portion N along the locus along which the bobbin tool 265 moves.
- the first skin portion 212A of the outer plate 202A and the second flange portion 222B of the outer plate 202B are engaged, so that when the friction stir welding is performed, the double skin is used. It is possible to easily prevent the panels 201A and 201B from separating.
- the inner plate 203A and the inner plate 203B are not provided with a flange portion, but the first end surface 233A and the second end surface 243B are abutted to each other, thereby making it possible to save labor in preparation work and double skin panel manufacturing.
- the double skin panels 201A and 201B are long, engaging work becomes difficult if the inner plate 203A and the inner plate 203B are also provided with a flange, but according to the present embodiment, the engaging work is facilitated. .
- the first overhanging inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B can be engaged while sliding. As a result, the engaging operation is facilitated. Specifically, when the double skin panel 201A is lowered from above the placed double skin panel 201B, the first overhanging inclined surface 216A and the second main body inclined surface 226B are simply slid to engage with each other. Can be made.
- the pin 254 is provided with a left-hand thread spiral groove 255, and the plastic fluidized metal is introduced into the spiral groove 255 in order to move the bobbin tool 265 from the front side to the rear side while rotating clockwise. Therefore, there is a tendency to move to the second shoulder 253 side.
- the metal on the first shoulder 252 side is provided by providing the built-up portions (213A, 223B, 232A, 242B) on the side facing the first shoulder 252 of the outer plates 202A, 202B and the inner plates 203A, 203B. A shortage can be avoided.
- the double skin panels 201A and 201B may be separated from each other.
- the engaging portion M is bonded first.
- the double skin panels 201A and 201B can be prevented from separating.
- the shape and engagement form of the double skin panels 201A and 201B are not particularly limited as long as they are not separated from each other. As in this embodiment, it is preferable to engage the double skin panels 201A and 201B so that the end portions are flush with each other and the gap is eliminated. Moreover, the thing which provided the 1st collar part 212,212 in the both ends of the outer plate 202 of one double skin panel is formed, and the second collar part 222,222 is formed in the both ends of the outer plate 202 of the other double skin panel. May be formed, and these double skin panels may be alternately arranged and engaged and joined together. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the support plate 204 is formed perpendicular to the outer plate 202 and the inner plate 203, but may be inclined.
- Example 1 Using the friction stirrer 1 (bobbin tool 5) according to the first embodiment, the influence of the thickness of the metal plate (plate-shaped end) to be friction stir welded and the gap between the metal plates on the joining state. A test was conducted to investigate whether to give. As shown in FIG. 20, with respect to a pair of metal plate test bodies (A6063-T5 material) to be friction stir welded, specimens H1 to H19 were prepared with varying thicknesses. “Ad side” means a side where the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the bobbin tool coincide. That is, when the bobbin tool rotates clockwise, it means the left side in the traveling direction. The “Re side” means a side where the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the bobbin tool are different. That is, when the bobbin tool rotates clockwise, it means the right side in the traveling direction.
- Specimens H1 to H7 have the same metal plate thickness on the Ad side and Re side.
- the metal plate on the Ad side is fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness of the metal plate on the Re side is changed.
- the Re-side metal plate is fixed to 6.0 mm, and the thickness of the Re-side metal plate is changed.
- the gap between the metal plates was changed from 0 to 2.0 mm by 0.25 mm.
- the bobbin tool used for the test was set to a shoulder outer diameter of 20 mm, a pin outer diameter of 12 mm, and a distance between shoulders of 5.8 mm.
- the rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 800 rpm, the moving speed was set to 600 / min, and the rotation direction was set to the right rotation.
- this bobbin tool has a form in which the height position of the bobbin tool changes following the warp of the metal plate. After the friction stir welding, the quality was judged from the X-ray transmission test and the cross-sectional microstructure.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the relationship between the gap of the specimen H1 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the relationship between the gap of the test body H3 and the thickness of the joint in Example 1.
- the joint part of Example 1 is synonymous with the plasticized region W in the embodiment. Further, the “Ad part”, “central part”, and “Re part” of the joint part of Example 1 are the Ad, the center, and the joint part (plasticization region W) as shown in FIG. Each position of Re is shown.
- the thicknesses of the metal plates are set to 6.0 mm and joined, if the gap is less than 0.75 mm, the decrease in thickness is small in the Ad part, the center part, and the Re part, but the gap 0 Above .75, the thickness decreased in the Ad portion, the central portion, and the Re portion as the gap increased. When the gap exceeded 1.2 mm, the thickness of the joint became less than 5.8 mm, and a joint defect occurred.
- the decrease in thickness was small in the Ad portion, the central portion, and the Re portion when the gap was less than 0.75 mm.
- the thickness of the Ad part, the central part, and the Re part was reduced, but no bonding defect occurred.
- the gap was 2.0, the thickness of the joint portion was remarkably reduced and a joint defect was generated.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that the joining condition is good and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the joining condition is poor.
- the joining condition may be improved if the thickness of the metal plate is increased.
- the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance between the shoulders exceeds 0.8 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is made larger than 6.6 mm)
- the internal pressure generated between the shoulders increases, and the tool It has been found that the lifetime is significantly reduced.
- the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 0.75 mm or less, and the thickness of the metal plate is 5.8 to 6.6 mm, the bonding is performed.
- the situation was found to be good. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set so as to satisfy 0 ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- the gap between the metal plates is 0 to 1.0 mm or less, and the thickness of the metal plate is 6.0 to 6.6 mm, the bonding is performed.
- the situation was found to be good. In other words, it was found that the joining condition was good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders were set to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- the value of TZ is smaller than 0.2 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.
- the thickness of the metal plate is 6.2 mm to 6.6 mm. If it was, it turned out that the joining condition is favorable. In other words, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to satisfy 0.4 ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- the value of TZ is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.
- FIG. 24 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is changed and the thickness on the Re side is fixed.
- FIG. 25 is a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the metal plate and the gap on the bonding quality, and shows the case where the thickness on the Ad side is fixed and the thickness on the Re side is changed.
- the Re-side thickness was fixed at 6.0 mm, and the Ad-side thickness was changed as appropriate to perform friction stir welding.
- the Ad-side thickness was fixed at 6.2 mm, and the Re-side thickness was changed as appropriate to perform friction stir welding. That is, in the test according to FIGS. 24 and 25, the bonding quality for each gap was observed while changing the thicknesses of the metal plates to be matched.
- FIG. 24 and 25 are compared, there are many conditions that FIG. 24 is better.
- the joining condition is often improved.
- the bobbin tool is rotated to the right, so that the plastic fluidized metal easily moves from the left side (Ad side) to the right side (Re side), and there is a gap between the metal plates.
- the gap is filled with the metal on the Ad side.
- the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the traveling direction is smaller than the thickness of the metal plate on the right side in the traveling direction as in the condition of FIG. high.
- the thickness of the metal plate on the left side in the traveling direction is larger than the thickness of the metal plate on the right side in the traveling direction as in the condition of FIG. 24, the metal shortage in the center of the joint can be compensated. Can be good.
- the thickness of the Ad portion of the joint is about 5.8 mm for all of the test specimens H4, H10, and H16, and is smaller than the thickness before joining. I understood. In particular, when the specimens H4 and H16 were observed, it was found that the thickness was considerably reduced.
- the thickness of the central portion can be made larger than that of the test body H10.
- the thickness of the joint can be increased, but the internal pressure between the shoulders is increased accordingly, and the tool life is likely to be reduced. Accordingly, by setting the thickness of the metal plate on the Ad side to be larger than that on the Re side as in the test body H16, the thickness of the central portion of the joint portion is increased while lowering the internal pressure between the shoulders. can do.
- Example 2 Using the friction stirrer 1 (bobbin tool 5) according to the first embodiment, the influence of the thickness of the metal plate (plate-shaped end) to be friction stir welded and the gap between the metal plates on the joining state. A test was conducted to investigate whether to give.
- the gap between the metal plates was changed by 0.25 mm from 0 to 2.0 mm.
- the bobbin tool used for the test was set to a shoulder outer diameter of 10 mm, a pin outer diameter of 6 mm, and a distance between shoulders of 2.8 mm.
- the rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 2000 rpm, the moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min, and the rotation direction was set to right rotation.
- this bobbin tool has a form in which the height position of the bobbin tool changes following the warp of the metal plate. After the friction stir welding, the quality was judged from the X-ray transmission test and the cross-sectional microstructure.
- the thicknesses of the metal plate on the Ad side and Re side are the same, and the thickness is 3.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 3.4 mm.
- a test specimen was prepared by changing.
- Ad side Re side.
- ⁇ indicates that the joining condition is good and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the joining condition is poor.
- the joining condition may be improved if the thickness of the metal plate with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders is increased.
- the difference between the thickness of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders exceeds 0.6 mm (in this embodiment, the thickness of the metal plate is made larger than 3.4 mm)
- the internal pressure generated between the shoulders increases, It has been found that the tool life is significantly reduced.
- the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, and the thickness of the metal plate is 3.0 mm to 3.4 mm, the bonding is performed.
- the situation was found to be good. That is, it has been found that the joining condition is good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders are set to satisfy 0.2 ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0.6 mm.
- the value of TZ is smaller than 0.2 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects. If the gap between the metal plates is 0.75 mm or less, the temperature of the metal plate rises due to the frictional heat of friction stir welding, and the gap disappears when the metal plate expands. It is done.
- the thickness of the metal plate is 3.2 to 3.4 mm. If it was, it turned out that the joining condition is favorable. In other words, it was found that the joining condition was good if the thickness T of the metal plate and the distance Z between the shoulders were set to satisfy 0.4 ⁇ TZ ⁇ 0.6 mm.
- the value of TZ is smaller than 0.4 mm, the plastic fluidized metal tends to overflow from the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12, and the density of the joint portion is reduced. This increases the possibility of junction defects.
- the thickness of the metal plate is 3.4 mm.
- FIG. 29 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 5.8 mm in Example 1.
- FIG. 30 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed at 2.8 mm in Example 2.
- FIG. 31 is a table showing dimensions and joining states of each bobbin tool when the distance between the shoulders is fixed to 11.5 mm in the reference example. 29, 30, and 31 show the tensile strength / material resistance, the bending strength / material resistance, and the material retention tendency.
- the tensile strength / material resistance is represented by Y 2 / (X 2 ⁇ Y 2 ). That is, the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder 12 are pressed by the plastic fluidized metal during the friction stirring, so that tensile stress acts on the pin 13. Therefore, the tensile strength / material resistance is a value obtained by dividing the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 by the area of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 (the area of the upper surface of the second shoulder 12: (X 2 ⁇ Y 2 )). It is represented by
- the bending strength / material resistance is represented by Y 2 / YZ. That is, when the bobbin tool 5 moves through the abutting portion N, a force perpendicular to the axial direction of the pin 13 acts. Therefore, the bending strength / material resistance is represented by a value obtained by dividing the square of the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 by the cross-sectional area of the cross section including the axis of the pin 13.
- the material retention tendency is represented by X 2 / Y 2 . That is, the metal fluidized plastically during the friction stirring is held by the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the upper surface of the second shoulder 12. Therefore, the material retention tendency is expressed by dividing the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12) by the value obtained by squaring the outer diameter Y of the pin 13.
- FIGS. 29, 30 and 31 it can be seen that if the material retention tendency (X 2 / Y 2 ) is 2.0 or less, a bonding defect is likely to occur, and if it is larger than 2.0, the bonding defect does not occur. It was. If the material retention tendency (X 2 / Y 2 ) is 2.0 or less, the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 with respect to the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 (second shoulder 12) is thick, so the area of the shoulder that holds the metal This is considered to be because the metal that has been friction-stirred cannot be sufficiently suppressed, and the metal becomes burrs and overflows from the outside of the shoulder.
- the pin 13 is easily damaged when the bending strength / material resistance (Y 2 / YZ) is 1.2 or less. This is because if the bending strength / material resistance (Y 2 / YZ) is 1.2 or less, the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the distance between the shoulders (pin length) Z becomes smaller, It is considered that the pin 13 has insufficient bending strength against the resistance of the material flowing in the opposite direction, and the pin 13 is easily broken. If the bending strength / material resistance (Y 2 / YZ) is greater than 1.2, the pin outer diameter Y with respect to the distance between the shoulders (pin length) Z increases, and therefore, the pin 13 is considered to be difficult to break.
- the tensile strength / material resistance (Y 2 / (X 2 ⁇ Y 2 )) is 0.2 or less, or the bending strength / material resistance (Y 2 / YZ). If is less than 1.2, pin breakage occurred. However, if the tensile strength / material resistance (Y 2 / (X 2 ⁇ Y 2 )) is larger than 0.2 and the bending strength / material resistance (Y 2 / YZ) is larger than 1.2, the pin breaks. Did not happen.
- Example 3 it was investigated how the ratio of the spiral groove engraved with the pins of the bobbin tool and the winding direction of the spiral groove affect the metal plate after joining. As shown in FIG. 7A, the rotation direction of the bobbin tool was set to the right rotation when viewed from the slide shaft side. Friction stir welding was performed by changing the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw to set five types of conditions A to E.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 0: 100 (no right screw).
- Condition B the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 25:75.
- Condition C the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 50:50.
- condition D the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 75:25.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left screw was set to 100: 0 (no left screw).
- Example 3 two aluminum alloy metal plates (A6063-T5) having a plate thickness T of 6.2 mm were prepared and joined.
- the outer diameter X of the first shoulder 11 and the second shoulder 12 of the bobbin tool 5 was set to 20 mm
- the outer diameter Y of the pin 13 was set to 12 mm
- the distance Z between the shoulders was set to 5.8 mm.
- the depth of the spiral groove was set to 0.81 mm.
- the rotation speed of the bobbin tool 5 was set to 800 rpm, and the joining speed was set to 600 mm / min.
- FIG. 32 is a graph showing the influence of the screw ratio on the level difference of the metal plate (gap 0 mm at the butt portion) in Example 3.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing the influence of the screw ratio on the step of the metal plate (gap 1.5 mm at the butt portion) in Example 3.
- step difference has shown the height position of each place after joining on the basis of the surface of the metal plate before joining (reference
- standard 0).
- the step is a positive value, it is convex, and when it is a negative value, it indicates a concave shape (concave groove).
- the Re side of the surface Sa indicated by “ ⁇ ” shows a positive value in the conditions A to E. That is, the Re side of the surface Sa is always convex.
- the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by “ ⁇ ” shows a large negative value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the surface Sa is greatly concave. Then, on the Ad side of the surface Sa indicated by “ ⁇ ”, the dent on the Ad side of the surface Sa gradually decreases as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases.
- the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “ ⁇ ” shows a large positive value in the condition A. That is, in the condition A, the Ad side of the back surface Sb is greatly convex. Then, on the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “ ⁇ ”, the dent on the Ad side of the back surface Sb gradually increases as the ratio of the right-hand thread increases, and the conditions D and E are concave. That is, the Ad side of the front surface Sa indicated by “ ⁇ ” and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “ ⁇ ” have a contradictory relationship according to the ratio of the right-hand thread. Further, the Ad side of the front surface Sa indicated by “ ⁇ ” and the Ad side of the back surface Sb indicated by “ ⁇ ” are slightly concave under the condition C (50:50).
- FIG. 34 is a view showing the plasticized region of the condition A according to Example 3 according to the gap between the butted portions.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition B according to the third embodiment for each gap of the butted portion.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition C according to the third embodiment for each gap between the butted portions.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition D according to the third embodiment for each gap between the butted portions.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating the plasticized region of the condition E according to the third embodiment for each gap of the butted portion. The left column of each figure in FIGS.
- FIG. 34 to 38 shows a cross-sectional view of the macroscopic observation of the plasticized region W
- the middle column shows a plan view on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side of the plasticized region W
- the right column show the top view by the side of the back surface Sb of the plasticization area
- a small groove V is formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and a small groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side.
- a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate.
- the upper and lower stripe patterns and the left and right stripe patterns in the plasticized region W are substantially symmetrical.
- the surface Sa of the condition C in FIG. 36 is compared with the surface Sa of the condition B in FIG. 35, the depth of the groove V is slightly smaller in the surface Sa in the condition C. Further, the surface Sa of the condition C has almost no burrs P. Further, on the back surface Sb of the condition C, more burrs P are generated on the Re side than on the Ad side.
- the concave groove V is not formed on the front surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and the small concave groove V is formed on the back surface Sb side.
- a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate. Further, more burrs P are generated on the back surface Sb than on the front surface Sa.
- the groove (V) is not formed on the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, and the large groove V is formed on the Sb side.
- the gap between the butted portions is 1.75 mm and the gap is 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q is formed inside the metal plate.
- the plasticized region W is gradually narrowed toward the back surface Sb. Many burrs P are generated on the back surface Sb, whereas no burrs P are generated on the front surface Sa.
- FIG. 39 is a table summarizing the results of Example 3.
- the reference numerals of the elements refer to the reference numerals of the first embodiment as they are.
- the fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves to the back surface Sb side.
- the second shoulder 12 of the bobbin tool 5 is pushed, and the bobbin tool 5 moves to the side opposite to the slide shaft 4 (the back surface Sb side) with respect to the metal plate.
- the bobbin tool 5 penetrates deeply into the surface (decorative surface) Sa side, a large concave groove V is formed on the surface Sa side.
- condition B and condition C when the gap of the butt portion is 2.00 mm, in condition D and condition E, when the gap of the butt portion is 1.75 mm and the gap is 2.00 mm, a bonding defect Q occurs. It is inappropriate. This is presumably because the metal material at the joint portion decreases when the gap between the butted portions is large.
- the bobbin tool 5 moves upward with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 to increase the height of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11.
- the height position is located above the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring, the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring.
- the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is very small, Can be pressed down sufficiently.
- the plasticizing region W is slightly smaller than the surface Sa before friction stirring. It will protrude.
- the process of smoothing the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 is easy to finish because the protruding portion may be cut in accordance with the height of the surface Sa before friction stirring.
- the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed at a ratio of 50:50 with respect to the shoulder distance Z, but the decorative surface is set to the surface Sa, and the bobbin tool 5 ,
- the upper spiral groove 13a of the right thread on the first shoulder 11 side and the lower spiral groove 13b of the left thread on the second shoulder 12 side are 25:75 to 100: 0 with respect to the shoulder distance Z. It is preferable to be formed at a ratio. That is, the upper spiral groove 13a of the right screw is formed at a portion of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between the shoulders on the first shoulder 11 side, and all the portions other than the upper spiral groove 13a are the lower spiral groove of the left screw. It may be formed to be 13b.
- a right screw may be provided over the entire axial length of the pin 13 without providing a left screw.
- Example 3 the front surface Sa side is set as the decorative surface, but the back surface Sb side may be set as the decorative surface.
- the back surface Sb (decorative surface) side is set. The generation of the concave groove V can be prevented, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.
- the abutting step of abutting the end surfaces of the metal plates with each other, the second shoulder 12 and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and , After aligning the axial center of the pin 13 and the center of the metal plate in the thickness direction, a joining step of moving the pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5 rotated clockwise to the butting portion N and performing friction stir welding;
- the distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and a left-handed spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13 on the second shoulder 12 side. It is preferably formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between shoulders.
- the bobbin tool 5 moves away from the slide shaft 4 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw ( It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from entering deeply into the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- FIG. 40 is a table summarizing the concept when the bobbin tool is rotated counterclockwise.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw was set to 0: 100 (no left screw).
- the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 25:75.
- the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 50:50.
- the ratio of the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b was set to 75:25.
- the ratio of the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw and the lower spiral groove 13b of the right screw was set to 100: 0 (no right screw).
- a bobbin tool 5A in which a left screw is provided in the upper spiral groove 13a and a right screw is provided in the lower spiral groove 13b is used.
- the screw winding direction is different from that of the bobbin tool 5 of the first embodiment, and as a result, the same effects as those of the example 3 are exhibited. That is, as shown in the condition G to the condition J, the metal that has been frictionally stirred and fluidized is guided to the upper spiral groove 13a of the left screw of the pin 13 and moves to the first shoulder 11 side. It is guided to the spiral groove 13b and moves to the second shoulder 12 side.
- the bobbin tool 5A Since the left screw is formed at a rate of 25% or more, the bobbin tool 5A is pushed to the slide shaft 4 side (upward) by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the left screw, and the surface (decorative surface) Sa of the metal plate
- the bobbin tool 5A can be prevented from entering deeply. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the formation of the concave groove V on the surface (decorative surface) Sa, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced. Thereby, the effort of the finishing process for smoothing the surface Sa of the metal plate after joining can be reduced.
- the bobbin tool 5 moves upward with respect to the plate-like end portion 102 to increase the height of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11.
- the position is located above the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring, and the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is large.
- the metal is not sufficiently pressed, but when the gap between the height position of the lower surface of the first shoulder 11 and the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 before friction stirring is very small, the metal can be sufficiently pressed. be able to.
- the plasticizing region W is slightly smaller than the surface Sa before friction stirring. It will protrude.
- the process of smoothing the surface Sa of the plate-like end portion 102 is easy to finish because the protruding portion may be cut in accordance with the height of the surface Sa before friction stirring.
- the upper spiral groove 13a and the lower spiral groove 13b are formed at a ratio of 50:50 with respect to the shoulder distance Z, but the decorative surface is set to the surface Sa, and the bobbin tool 5A ,
- the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a on the first shoulder 11 side and the right spiral lower spiral groove 13b on the second shoulder 12 side are 25:75 to 100: 0 with respect to the shoulder distance Z. It is preferable to be formed at a ratio. That is, the left spiral upper spiral groove 13a is formed on the first shoulder 11 side at a portion of 25% or more with respect to the shoulder distance Z, and all the portions other than the upper spiral groove 13a are the right spiral lower spiral groove. It may be formed to be 13b.
- a left screw may be provided over the entire axial length of the pin 13 without providing a right screw.
- the surface Sa side was set as a decorative surface
- the back surface Sb (decorative surface) side is set. The generation of the concave groove V can be prevented, or even if the concave groove V is formed, the depth of the concave groove V can be reduced.
- the abutting step of abutting the end surfaces of the metal plates with each other, the second shoulder 12 and the decorative surface of the metal plate are opposed to each other, and , After aligning the axial center of the pin 13 and the center of the metal plate in the plate thickness direction, a joining step of moving the pin 13 of the bobbin tool 5A rotated to the butt portion N and performing friction stir welding;
- the distance Z between the shoulders is set to be equal to or less than the thickness of the metal plate, and a right-hand spiral groove is formed on the second shoulder 12 side of the outer peripheral surface of the pin 13. It is preferably formed at a ratio of 25% or more with respect to the distance Z between shoulders.
- the bobbin tool 5A is moved away from the slide shaft 4 by the movement of the metal by the spiral groove of the right screw ( It is possible to prevent the bobbin tool from entering deeply into the back surface (decorative surface) Sb of the metal plate. Thereby, it can prevent that a ditch
- FIG. 41 is a front view showing an engagement form or a butting form of Example 4, wherein (a) shows type I, (b) shows type II, and (c) shows type III.
- Example 4 three types of specimens were prepared, and friction stir welding was performed only on the type I, type II, and type III portions, and the respective angular deformations after the welding were investigated.
- Types I to III are double skin panels 201A and 201B made of an aluminum alloy 6N01-T5 material.
- the outer plate thick portion (first outer plate thick portion 211, The thickness a of the second outer plate thick part 221) is 3 mm
- the length d from the upper surface of the outer plate 202 to the lower surface of the inner plate 203, the left-right width dimension e 200 mm
- the extension dimension 5000 mm Is set to
- the outer diameter U of the pin 254 is set to 6 mm.
- the length from the first shoulder 252 to the second shoulder 253 (the length of the pin 254) is set to 2.9 mm.
- the shape of the recess (not shown) formed in the lower end surface 252c of the first shoulder 252 is a spiral shape in plan view, and the depth of the recess is set to 0.3 mm and the pitch of the recess is set to 1.2 mm.
- the bobbin tool 265 is set to the right rotation, and the types I to III are moved from the front side to the back side in FIGS. 41A to 41C.
- the rotation speed of the bobbin tool 265 was set to 2000 rpm, and the moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min.
- Type I as shown in FIG. 41 (a), the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, and the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the right side. 222B is engaged.
- Type II as shown in FIG. 41 (b), the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the right side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, and the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the left side. 222B is engaged.
- Type III as shown in FIG.
- the double skin panel 201A is arranged on the left side in the moving direction of the bobbin tool 265, the double skin panel 201B is arranged on the right side, and the first end face 233A and the second end face are arranged. 243B.
- FIG. 42 is a graph showing the result of type I angular deformation.
- FIG. 43 is a graph showing the results of type II angular deformation.
- FIG. 44 is a graph showing the results of type III angular deformation.
- the horizontal axis indicates the length in the width direction from the left end of each joined specimen.
- the vertical axis represents the height after joining from an arbitrary reference point in each specimen. The height of each point was measured at distances of 50 mm, 200 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm, and 950 mm in the extending direction from the front end of each specimen.
- the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M is substantially parallel to the direction of action of the stress F1, and the stress F1 is input to the center line C. Since the position and the inclined surface Ma are on the same side, the double skin panel 201B is likely to move obliquely downward to the right, and the possibility that the double skin panels 201A and 201B are separated during joining increases.
- the inclination direction of the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M intersects with the acting direction of the stress F1, and the input position and inclination of the stress F1 with respect to the center line C Since the surface Ma is on the opposite side, it is possible to effectively prevent the double skin panels 201A and 201B from separating during the joining.
- the height at the position where the width direction is 180 mm and the position where the width direction is 210 mm are about the same. That is, the height of the joining portion is the highest compared to the left and right ends, and is a mountain shape when viewed from the front. Further, the height difference of type III is larger than the height difference of types I and II. If a plurality of (for example, five) double skin panels are arranged and friction stir welding is performed from the butt portion N side as in type III, it is considered that the total angular deformation of the joined double skin panels increases. . Therefore, there is no problem from the viewpoint of the joining strength whichever of the engaging portion M and the butting portion N is joined first, but considering the amount of angular deformation, the friction stir joining is performed first from the engaging portion M side. It is preferable.
- FIG. 45 is a table summarizing the rotation direction of the bobbin tool, the winding direction of the spiral groove, and the engagement form.
- FIG. 45 shows preferable conditions 1 to 4 of four patterns. As shown in Condition 1 (similar to the present embodiment), when the left-handed bobbin tool 265 is rotated to the right and moved from the front side to the back side in FIG. It is preferable.
- condition 1 since the bobbin tool 265 is rotated to the right, the force of the right direction component acts on the center line C from the left side, and the plastic fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves from top to bottom. . Therefore, in condition 1, the stress F1 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in Type I, the inclined surface Ma of the second flange portion 212B and the engaging portion M is set so as to face the stress F1, thereby preventing the double skin panels 201A and 201B from being separated during joining. it can.
- the engagement form is preferably type II.
- condition 2 since the bobbin tool 265 is rotated counterclockwise, the force of the left component from the right side acts on the center line C, and the plastic fluidized metal is guided to the spiral groove and moves from top to bottom. . Therefore, under condition 2, the stress F2 acts as shown in the engagement form. Therefore, in the type II, the double skin panels 201A and 201B can be prevented from being separated by setting the second flange portion 212B and the inclined surface Ma of the engaging portion M so as to face the stress F2.
- the engagement form is preferably type IV.
- the left-handed bobbin tool 265 with a spiral groove is rotated leftward and moved from the front side to the back side in FIG. preferable.
- the double skin panel 201A ′ during joining can be obtained by setting the inclined surface Ma ′ of the engaging portion M and the second flange portion 212B ′ to face the stresses F3 and F4. , 201B ′ can be prevented from separating.
- Example 5 friction stir welding was performed using five double skin panels having a size different from that of Example 4.
- the dimension is set to 12,500 mm.
- the outer diameter U of 54 was set to 9 mm.
- the length from the first shoulder 252 to the second shoulder 253 (the length of the pin 54) is set to 3.7 mm.
- the rotation speed of the bobbin tool was set to 1000 rpm.
- the bobbin tool moving speed was set to 1000 mm / min on the engaging portion M side and 1500 mm / min on the butting portion N side.
- Example 5 one double skin panel was set on the table, and the other double skin panel was lowered from above and engaged and butted. After engaging the five double skin panels without any gaps in the same operation, the assembly was restrained so as not to move. In order to prevent the assembly from floating, the assembly was pressed by a lateral pressing clamp arranged at a pitch of 1.5 m in the extending direction. In addition, the four corners of the assembly were clamped easily. Then, friction stir welding was performed in order from the end.
- Example 5 Even under the conditions of Example 5, it was possible to produce a face material free from poor bonding.
- heat shrinkage occurs, and thus the metal member after bonding may be warped.
- the friction stir welding is performed on the front and back of the metal member, the friction stir welding is performed on the surface side of the metal member with the same rotation speed, moving speed, and moving length of the rotary tool, and then the friction is applied on the back surface side.
- the stir welding is performed, there is a possibility that the back side is warped so as to be concave.
- the moving speed of the bobbin tool on the butt portion N side is set faster than the engaging portion M side as in the fifth embodiment, the heat input at the time of joining to the butt portion N can be reduced. . Thereby, it can prevent that the double skin panel after joining curves.
- Example 6 a test was conducted to investigate the relationship between the plate thickness and the length of the plate-like end portion. As shown in (a) of FIG. 46, the ends of the specimens 301 and 301 having a U-shape in cross-sectional view were butted together, and friction stir welding was performed on the butted portion N. Each specimen 301 includes a support member 302 and a plate-like end portion 303 extending vertically from the support member 302.
- FIG. 46B summarizes the conditions and joining quality of Example 6 in a table. The dimensions of the bobbin tool are as shown in the table of FIG.
- FIG. 47 is a graph showing the correlation of Example 6.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 47 indicates the plate thickness a
- the vertical axis indicates the length c from the support member 302 to the tip of the plate-like end portion 303.
- the length c from the support member to the tip is preferably set so as to satisfy the length c ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ plate thickness a + 18.5 mm. Under these conditions, deformation of the plate-like end portion 303 can be suppressed, so that poor bonding is unlikely.
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Abstract
Description
また、前記端面同士の隙間を1.00mmより大きく1.75mm以下に設定する場合、 前記金属板の厚さと前記ショルダ間の距離とを、0.4mm≦{(金属板の厚さ)-(ショルダ間の距離)}≦0.8mmとなるように設定することが好ましい。
また、前記ピンの外径を二乗した値を、前記ピンの外径と前記ショルダ間の距離との積で除した値が1.2よりも大きくなるように設定されていることが好ましい。この値が1.2以下になると、ピンが細くなるため抗折力が不足して折れやすくなるが、1.2よりも大きいとピンが比較的太くなるため折れにくい。
また、前記接合工程において、突き合わされた部分の前記金属板の厚さが異なる場合に、前記金属板の厚さが大きい方の前記金属板を前記ボビンツールの進行方向に対して右側に配置した場合には、前記ボビンツールを左回転させることが好ましい。
しかし、金属板の端面同士の厚さが異なる場合は、金属板の厚さが大きい金属板をシアー側に配置することで金属不足を補うことができるため、より好適に接合することができる。
本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌装置1は、突き合わされた一対の金属板の突き合せ部Nを摩擦攪拌接合する装置である。摩擦攪拌装置1の先端にはボビンツール5が装着されている。まずは、接合する一対の金属板の説明をする。説明における上下前後左右は図1の矢印に従う。
図2の(a)に示すように、本実施形態では中空形材100Aと中空形材100Bとを接合する場合を例示する。中空形材100Aは、アルミニウム合金製の押出形材であって、断面視矩形の中空部100aを有する長尺部材である。中空形材100Aは、中空部100aを備えた本体部101と、本体部101の左側面の上下端からそれぞれ左側(中空形材100B側)に張り出した板状端部102,103とを有する。
図3の(a)に示すように、摩擦攪拌装置1は、チャック部1aと、チャック部1aの内部に固定される回転ツールユニット2とで主に構成されている。図4に示すように、チャック部1aは、フランジを備えた円筒状の部材であって、摩擦攪拌装置1の本体DにボルトB1で接続されている。チャック部1aは、摩擦攪拌装置1の回転駆動によって軸周りに回転する部位である。チャック部1aの内周には円筒面1bが形成されている。
第一実施形態の接合方法では、ボビンツール5を右回転させて接合を行う。具体的には、この接合方法では、中空形材同士を突き合わせる突き合せ工程と、突き合せ部Nにボビンツール5を挿入する接合工程と、を行う。ここでは、表面Saを化粧面として設定する。
第二実施形態に係る接合方法では、ボビンツールの螺旋溝の構成及び回転方向が第一実施形態と相違する。第二実施形態の説明においては、第一実施形態と共通する点については、詳細な説明を省略する。
第二実施形態の接合方法では、図9に示すように、ボビンツール5Aを左回転させて接合を行う。具体的には、この接合方法では、中空形材同士を突き合わせる突き合せ工程と、突き合せ部Nにボビンツール5Aを挿入する接合工程と、を行う。ここでは、表面Saを化粧面として設定する。突合工程は、第一実施形態と同等であるため、説明を省略する。
第一変形例では、図10の(a)に示すように、板状端部102Aと板状端部102Bとの厚さが異なる点で前記した実施形態と相違する。板状端部102Bの厚さT1は、板状端部102Aの厚さT2よりも大きくなっている。第一変形例では、板状端部102Aの高さ方向の中点と、板状端部102Bの高さ方向の中点とが重なるように突き合わされている。
第二変形例では、図10の(b)に示すように、板状端部102Cと板状端部102Dとの厚さが異なる点で前記した実施形態と相違する。板状端部102Cの厚さT1は、板状端部102Dの厚さT2よりも大きくなっている。第二変形例では、板状端部102Cの高さ方向の中点と、板状端部102Dの高さ方向の中点とが重なるように突き合わされている。
第三変形例の回転ツールユニットは、図11の(a)及び(b)に示すように、ホルダー50と、スライド軸51と、スライド手段52と、ボビンツール5とを備えている。主に、ホルダー50とスライド軸51の構造が第一実施形態と相違する。
本発明の第三実施形態について説明する。第三実施形態ではダブルスキンパネルを接合する場合を例示する。本実施形態の説明における上下左右前後は、図12の矢印にしたがう。
第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌装置1(ボビンツール5)を用いて、摩擦攪拌接合される金属板(板状端部)の厚さ及び金属板同士の隙間が接合状態にどのような影響を与えるかを調査するための試験を行った。図20に示すように、摩擦攪拌接合される一対の金属板の試験体(A6063-T5材)については、それぞれ厚さを変化させて試験体H1~H19まで用意した。「Ad側」とは、ボビンツールの回転方向と進行方向が一致する側を意味する。つまり、ボビンツールが右回転の場合は進行方向左側を意味する。「Re側」とは、ボビンツールの回転方向と進行方向が相違する側を意味する。つまり、ボビンツールが右回転の場は進行方向右側を意味する。
第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌装置1(ボビンツール5)を用いて、摩擦攪拌接合される金属板(板状端部)の厚さ及び金属板同士の隙間が接合状態にどのような影響を与えるかを調査するための試験を行った。金属板同士の隙間は0~2.0mmまで0.25mmずつ変化させた。試験に使用したボビンツールは、ショルダ外径10mm、ピン外径6mm、ショルダ間距離2.8mmに設定した。ボビンツールの回転数は2000rpm、移動速度は1000mm/min、回転方向は右回転に設定した。また、このボビンツールは、第一実施形態で記載したように、金属板の反りに追従してボビンツールの高さ位置が変化する形態である。摩擦攪拌接合後、X線透過試験と断面ミクロ組織から品質を判定した。
図29は、実施例1において、ショルダ間距離を5.8mmに固定した場合の各ボビンツールの寸法と接合状況を示した表である。図30は、実施例2において、ショルダ間距離を2.8mmに固定した場合の各ボビンツールの寸法と接合状況を示した表である。図31は、参考例において、ショルダ間距離を11.5mmに固定した場合の各ボビンツールの寸法と接合状況を示した表である。図29,30,31には、抗張力/材料抵抗、抗折力/材料抵抗、材料保持傾向を示した。
Y2/(X2-Y2)>0.2・・・・(1)
Y2/YZ>1.2・・・・・・・・(2)
実施例3では、ボビンツールのピンの刻設された螺旋溝の割合及び螺旋溝の巻回方向が接合後の金属板にどのような影響を及ぼすか調査した。図7の(a)を参照するように、ボビンツールの回転方向をスライド軸側から見て右回転に設定した。また、右ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと左ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を変化させて5種類の条件A~Eを設定し摩擦攪拌接合を行った。
条件Bでは、右ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと左ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を25:75に設定した。
条件Cでは、右ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと左ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を50:50に設定した。
条件Dでは、右ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと左ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を75:25に設定した。
条件Eでは、右ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと左ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を100:0に設定した(左ネジ無し)。
条件Fでは、左ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと右ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を0:100に設定した(左ネジ無し)。
条件Gでは、左ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと右ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を25:75に設定した。
条件Hでは、左ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと右ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を50:50に設定した。
条件Iでは、左ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと右ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を75:25に設定した。
条件Jでは、左ネジの上部螺旋溝13aと右ネジの下部螺旋溝13bとの割合を100:0に設定した(右ネジ無し)。
次に、本発明の実施例4について説明する。図41は、実施例4の係合形態又は突き合わせ形態を示した正面図であって、(a)はタイプI、(b)はタイプII、(c)はタイプIIIを示す。実施例4では、3種類の供試体を用意して、タイプI、タイプII及びタイプIIIの部分のみにそれぞれ摩擦攪拌接合を行い、接合後のそれぞれの角変形を調査した。
タイプIIは、図41の(b)に示すように、ボビンツール265の進行方向の右側にダブルスキンパネル201Aを、左側にダブルスキンパネル201Bを配置し、第一鉤部212Aと第二鉤部222Bとを係合させている。
タイプIIIは、図41の(c)に示すように、ボビンツール265の進行方向の左側にダブルスキンパネル201Aを配置し、右側にダブルスキンパネル201Bを配置し、第一端面233Aと第二端面243Bとを突き合わせている。
また、同様に、条件4に示すように、螺旋溝が左ネジのボビンツール265を左回転させて、図45の紙面表側から裏側方向に移動させる場合、係合形態をタイプVとすることが好ましい。
実施例5では、実施例4とは異なるサイズのダブルスキンパネルを5枚用いて摩擦攪拌接合を行った。図12を参照すると、実施例5のダブルスキンパネルは、外板厚肉部の板厚a=4.0mmm、肉盛部の厚さ寸法b=0.5mm、左右幅寸法e=400mm、延長寸法12500mmに設定されている。
実施例6では、板状端部の板厚と長さの関係を調査するために試験を行った。図46の(a)に示すように、断面視コの字状を呈し、同形状からなる供試体301,301の端部同士を突き合わせ、突き合せ部Nに対して摩擦攪拌接合を行った。各供試体301は、支持部材302と、支持部材302から垂直に延設された板状端部303と、を備えている。
1a チャック部
2 回転ツールユニット
3 ホルダー
4 スライド軸
5 ボビンツール
6 スライド手段
11 第一ショルダ
12 第二ショルダ
13 ピン
13a 上部螺旋溝
13b 下部螺旋溝
100A中空形材
100B中空形材
N 突き合せ部
T 金属板の厚さ
W 塑性化領域(接合部)
X ショルダの外径
Y ピンの外径
Z ショルダ間距離(ピンの長さ)
Claims (26)
- 摩擦攪拌接合に用いられる回転ツールユニットであって、
摩擦攪拌装置のチャック部に固定される円筒状のホルダーと、
前記ホルダーの内部に挿通され前記ホルダーと一体的に回転するスライド軸と、
第一ショルダと第二ショルダと前記第一ショルダと前記第二ショルダの間に形成されたピンとで構成されたボビンツールと、を有し、
前記スライド軸の先端に前記第一ショルダが固定されており、
前記ホルダーに対して前記スライド軸が軸方向に摺動するように、前記ホルダーと前記スライド軸の間にスライド手段を備えていることを特徴とする回転ツールユニット。 - 前記スライド手段は、前記スライド軸の外面又は前記ホルダーの内面に形成されたベアリング溝とベアリング溝内を摺動するボールベアリングとで構成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニット。
- 前記ホルダー及び前記スライド軸のいずれか一方に形成されたキー溝と、他方に形成されたキーとを有し、
前記スライド軸の移動に伴って、前記キーが前記キー溝の内部を移動することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニット。 - 前記ホルダーの内面及び前記スライド軸の外面のいずれか一方の軸方向に沿って延設された突条と、他方の軸方向に沿って延設された凹条とを有し、
前記スライド軸の移動に伴って、前記突条が前記凹条の内部を移動することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニット。 - 請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニットを用いて、一対の金属板を接合する摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、
前記金属板の端面同士を突き合わせる突き合せ工程と、
前記端面同士を突き合せて形成された突き合せ部に回転させた前記ボビンツールのピンを移動させて前記端面同士を摩擦攪拌接合する接合工程と、を含み、
前記接合工程では、第一ショルダ及び第二ショルダ間の距離を前記金属板の厚さ以下に設定しておき、摩擦攪拌によって前記金属板が変形して前記金属板の位置が前記ボビンツールの軸方向に変位した際に、その変位に追従して前記ボビンツールが軸方向に移動することを特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記端面同士の隙間を1.00mm以下に設定する場合、
前記金属板の厚さと前記ショルダ間の距離とを、0.2mm≦{(金属板の厚さ)-(ショルダ間の距離)}≦0.8mmとなるように設定することを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記端面同士の隙間を1.00mmより大きく1.75mm以下に設定する場合、
前記金属板の厚さと前記ショルダ間の距離とを、0.4mm≦{(金属板の厚さ)-(ショルダ間の距離)}≦0.8mmとなるように設定することを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記ショルダの外径を二乗した値を、前記ピンの外径を二乗した値で除した値が2.0より大きくなるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記ピンの外径を二乗した値を、前記ショルダの外径を二乗した値から前記ピンの外径を二乗した値を引いた値で除した値が0.2より大きく、かつ、前記ピンの外径を二乗した値を、前記ピンの外径と前記ショルダ間の距離との積で除した値が1.2よりも大きくなるように設定されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程において、突き合わされた部分の前記金属板の厚さが異なる場合に、前記金属板の厚さが大きい方の前記金属板を前記ボビンツールの進行方向に対して左側に配置した場合には、前記ボビンツールを右回転させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程において、突き合わされた部分の前記金属板の厚さが異なる場合に、前記金属板の厚さが大きい方の前記金属板を前記ボビンツールの進行方向に対して右側に配置した場合には、前記ボビンツールを左回転させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程では、
前記第一ショルダと前記金属板の化粧面とを対向させ、かつ、前記ピンの軸方向の中心と前記金属板の板厚方向の中心とを合わせた後、前記端面同士を突き合せて形成された突き合せ部に前記スライド軸側から見て右回転させた前記ボビンツールのピンを移動させ、
前記ピンの外周面の前記第一ショルダ側に右ネジの螺旋溝が形成されており、この右ネジの螺旋溝が前記第一ショルダ及び前記第二ショルダ間の距離に対して25%以上の割合で形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記外周面のうち前記右ネジの螺旋溝の端部から前記第二ショルダまでの間に、左ネジの螺旋溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第12項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程では、
前記第一ショルダと前記金属板の化粧面とを対向させ、かつ、前記ピンの軸方向の中心と前記金属板の板厚方向の中心とを合わせた後、前記端面同士を突き合せて形成された突き合せ部に前記スライド軸側から見て左回転させた前記ボビンツールのピンを移動させ、
前記ピンの外周面の前記第一ショルダ側に左ネジの螺旋溝が形成されており、この左ネジの螺旋溝が前記ショルダ間の距離に対して25%以上の割合で形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記外周面のうち前記左ネジの螺旋溝の端部から前記第二ショルダまでの間に、右ネジの螺旋溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第14項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程では、
前記第二ショルダと前記金属板の化粧面とを対向させ、かつ、前記ピンの軸方向の中心と前記金属板の板厚方向の中心とを合わせた後、前記端面同士を突き合せて形成された突き合せ部に前記スライド軸側から見て右回転させた前記ボビンツールのピンを移動させ、
前記ピンの外周面の前記第二ショルダ側に左ネジの螺旋溝が形成されており、この左ネジの螺旋溝が前記ショルダ間の距離に対して25%以上の割合で形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記外周面のうち前記左ネジの螺旋溝の端部から前記第一ショルダまでの間に、右ネジの螺旋溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第16項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程では、
前記第二ショルダと前記金属板の化粧面とを対向させ、かつ、前記ピンの軸方向の中心と前記金属板の板厚方向の中心とを合わせた後、前記端面同士を突き合せて形成された突き合せ部に前記スライド軸側から見て左回転させた前記ボビンツールのピンを移動させ、
前記ピンの外周面の前記第二ショルダ側に右ネジの螺旋溝が形成されており、この右ネジの螺旋溝が前記ショルダ間の距離に対して25%以上の割合で形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第5項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記外周面のうち前記右ネジの螺旋溝の端部から前記第一ショルダまでの間に、左ネジの螺旋溝が形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第18項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 前記接合工程では、前記金属板の化粧面側を冷却しながら接合することを特徴とする請求の範囲第12項、請求の範囲第14項、請求の範囲第16項又は請求の範囲第18項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
- 請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニットを用いて、摩擦攪拌接合される一対のダブルスキンパネルの組立体であって、
一方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの外板の端部に形成された鉤部と他方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの外板の端部に形成された鉤部とが係合され、
一方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの内板の端部に形成された端面と他方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの内板の端面とが係合されずに突き合わされていることを特徴とするダブルスキンパネルの組立体。 - 各前記鉤部は、前記外板の厚肉部から延設された薄肉部と、前記薄肉部に連続し板厚方向に張り出した張出部と、を有し、
一対の前記張出部同士が係合されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第21項に記載のダブルスキンパネルの組立体。 - 一方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの前記張出部の側部には張出傾斜面が形成されており、
他方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの前記厚肉部には前記張出傾斜面に面接触する厚肉傾斜面が形成されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第22項に記載のダブルスキンパネルの組立体。 - 前記外板と前記内板の間に支持板が介設されており、
前記支持板から前記端面までの長さをc(mm)及び前記厚肉部の板厚をt(mm)としたとき、
c≦7.0×t+18.5mmを満たすように設定されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第21項に記載のダブルスキンパネルの組立体。 - 請求の範囲第1項に記載の回転ツールユニットを用いて、一対のダブルスキンパネルの端部同士を摩擦攪拌接合するダブルスキンパネルの摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、
一方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの外板の端部に形成された鉤部と他方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの外板の端部に形成された鉤部とを係合しつつ、一方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの内板の端部に形成された端面と他方の前記ダブルスキンパネルの内板の端面とを係合させずに突き合わせる準備工程と、
前記準備工程で係合させた係合部及び突き合わせた突き合せ部に対して摩擦攪拌接合を行う接合工程と、を含むことを特徴とするダブルスキンパネルの摩擦攪拌接合方法。 - 前記接合工程では、前記係合部を接合した後に、前記突き合せ部を接合することを特徴とする請求の範囲第25項に記載のダブルスキンパネルの摩擦攪拌接合方法。
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