WO2012091069A1 - Procédé de trempe de moule - Google Patents

Procédé de trempe de moule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012091069A1
WO2012091069A1 PCT/JP2011/080342 JP2011080342W WO2012091069A1 WO 2012091069 A1 WO2012091069 A1 WO 2012091069A1 JP 2011080342 W JP2011080342 W JP 2011080342W WO 2012091069 A1 WO2012091069 A1 WO 2012091069A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
temperature
cooling
quenching
oil
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2011/080342
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
仁 片岡
貴司 川上
Original Assignee
日立金属株式会社
小山鋼材株式会社
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Application filed by 日立金属株式会社, 小山鋼材株式会社 filed Critical 日立金属株式会社
Priority to CN201180056966.1A priority Critical patent/CN103228802B/zh
Priority to JP2012520604A priority patent/JP5075293B2/ja
Publication of WO2012091069A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012091069A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/58—Oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mold quenching method.
  • the mold is required to have high hardness and high toughness, and its characteristics are greatly influenced by the quenching method.
  • a higher quenching temperature is selected so that the crystal grains are not coarsened in order to dissolve the alloy elements to the maximum.
  • rapid cooling is required.
  • rapid cooling increases the distortion and deformation of the mold, and thus it is necessary to appropriately control the cooling rate. For this reason, various proposals have been made in the past, and a method of achieving both low strain and high toughness by adjusting the cooling conditions from the quenching temperature is mainly employed.
  • Patent Document 1 cooling subsequent to heating to the quenching temperature is set to 20 ° C./min to 5 ° C./min in the high temperature region from the quenching temperature to 600 ° C.
  • a marquenching method has been proposed in which the low temperature region from 400 ° C. to 200 ° C. is maintained at 1 ° C./min to 15 ° C./min after being held.
  • the marquenching method is a process in which the cooling during quenching is kept constant at the upper part of the martensite transformation or at a slightly higher temperature to cool after quenching, in order to prevent quench cracking due to rapid cooling. is there.
  • the present applicant has proposed a method for quenching a mold in JP 2009-074155 A (Patent Document 2), focusing on both the temperature raising side condition and the cooling side condition of the quenching temperature. That is, after the quenching and heating step of heating the temperature range from the A1 transformation point to the A3 transformation point at a rate of 100 ° C./h or more, a holding step for holding a temperature range not lower than 1150 ° C. above the A3 transformation point is performed. Next, a high temperature side quenching and cooling process is performed in which the temperature range from the A3 transformation point to 600 ° C.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses techniques related to a quenching method by the same applicant. Specifically, a steel part is rapidly cooled to a temperature just above the martensite transformation start point (Ms point), taken out of the quenching oil, and immediately above the martensite transformation start point (Ms point) by the retained heat of the steel part. This is a technology that maintains a constant temperature until the temperature reaches a nearby temperature.
  • a material having a small internal volume such as a part such as a gear illustrated in paragraph 0002 of cited document 3 or a sharpened portion such as a corner portion of a prism member illustrated in paragraph 0009 of cited document 4, is preferably quenched. it can.
  • Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 when the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 are applied to a mold having a larger volume than a gear or the like, it is difficult to control the cooling rate, and the surface of the mold is Ms during rapid cooling. The temperature falls below the point. At this time, there is almost no temperature drop inside the mold, and if it is taken out from the quenching oil, the surface temperature again becomes higher than the Ms point due to the retained heat inside the mold, the metal structure becomes unstable, and the mold becomes unstable. Hardness variation will occur. In the case of a heavy mold, if an attempt is made to maintain a constant temperature until it reaches a temperature just above the Ms point, the time required for the mold becomes too long, and the productivity is remarkably deteriorated.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a quenching method capable of rationally improving the toughness of the mold surface.
  • the present inventor In order to improve the toughness of the surface of the hot mold, the present inventor 1) It is necessary to apply a cooling rate much faster than the cooling rate considering the transformation region of bainite (bainite nose) in order to reliably avoid carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries. and, 2) The adverse effects due to the temperature difference between the surface and the interior due to the application of this fast cooling rate can be reasonably eliminated by appropriately managing the cooling interruption state. And reached the present invention.
  • the present invention A heating / holding step of heating the mold and holding it in a temperature range from the A3 transformation point to 1150 ° C, After the heating / holding step, a first cooling step of immersing the mold in an oil bath and cooling to a temperature at which the surface temperature of the mold is 700 ° C.
  • the mold is lifted from the oil tank to interrupt the oil cooling, and the surface temperature of the mold exceeds the Ms point, and the temperature difference between the mold surface and the inside Improved holding step for holding until the temperature is within 200 ° C.
  • a second cooling step of cooling at a rate of 1 ° C./min to 50 ° C./min until the surface temperature of the mold reaches 200 ° C .
  • the present invention provides the improved holding step in which the mold is lifted from the oil tank and the oil cooling is interrupted, and the immersion and the pulling are performed again in a temperature range where the surface temperature of the mold exceeds the Ms point. You may change to the process repeated until the temperature difference of the surface of a type
  • the mold is quenched by cooling at a rate of 1 ° C./min to 15 ° C./min until the temperature inside the mold drops from 400 ° C. to 250 ° C. More preferably, the second cooling step is oil cooling. More preferably, the environment in the first cooling step, the improved holding step, and the second cooling step is a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the mold toughening method of the present invention can improve the surface toughness of the mold, it can be expected to improve the life of the mold.
  • the temperature of the heating / holding step of the present invention is set to a temperature range not lower than 1150 ° C. above the A3 transformation point. This is because if this temperature is lower than the A3 transformation point, the solid solution of carbides and alloy elements is insufficient, the hardness is low, and the high temperature strength is also low, so heat cracks are likely to occur. Further, when the temperature exceeds 1150 ° C., the carbide pinning the crystal grains also dissolves and the crystal grains grow abnormally. In order to suppress the occurrence of these problems and achieve the refinement of crystal grains, a temperature range from the A3 transformation point to below 1150 ° C. is required. Preferably it is the temperature range of 1010 degreeC or more and less than 1150 degreeC.
  • the cooling process of the present invention will be described.
  • the mold is immersed in an oil tank and cooled until the surface temperature of the mold becomes 700 ° C. or lower (temperature exceeding the Ms point) by oil cooling.
  • a process is performed (FIG. 1 (5)).
  • the reason why the first cooling step is oil-cooled in the present invention is that a region in which carbide precipitates at the grain boundaries can be surely avoided. This oil cooling surely increases the toughness of the mold surface.
  • the reason why oil cooling is selected in the present invention is that if it is oil cooling, the cooling capacity can be suitably adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the quenching oil.
  • the cooling rate is too high, and there is a high risk that the mold surface will undergo martensitic transformation in the first cooling process. This is because there is a possibility that the cooling of the mold surface slows down and passes through the carbide precipitation region.
  • the cooling speed of the mold surface in the first cooling step by oil cooling is approximately 80 ° C / min to 250 ° C / min, depending on the size of the mold, and it is possible to use conventional blast cooling or liquid spraying. Compared with the quenching method of the mold, the cooling rate is much faster. In the first cooling step, cooling until the surface temperature of the mold becomes 700 ° C.
  • the toughness of the mold surface and the vicinity thereof can be improved by the first cooling step by oil cooling described above.
  • an improved holding process is performed. (Fig. 1 (6) and Fig. 2) Since a remarkably fast cooling rate is applied in the first cooling step, the temperature difference between the mold surface and the inside becomes large. In the improved holding process, this is quickly reduced to alleviate the thermal stress. There are two methods for this improved holding process.
  • the first improved holding process is a method of lifting the mold from the oil tank, interrupting the oil rejection, and allowing it to cool.
  • This method a large amount of heat inside the mold is transferred to the mold surface, and the surface temperature rises. Thereby, the temperature difference between the mold surface and the inside is quickly reduced.
  • the second improved holding step is a method of repeatedly immersing the mold in the oil tank and pulling it up from the oil tank.
  • the temperature difference between the mold surface and the inside is quickly relaxed as in the first improved holding step, and the following effects can also be obtained.
  • (1) The amount of heat removed from the mold can be increased, and the cooling rate inside the mold can be increased. As a result, generation of pearlite inside the mold can be prevented more reliably.
  • (2) The cooling rate inside the mold surface and inside the mold is increased, and it is possible to cool the inside of the mold while avoiding the carbide precipitation region.
  • Since the cooling speed of the whole mold is fast, it is particularly suitable for quenching large molds of 200 kg or more.
  • the time required for quenching can be shortened and productivity can be improved.
  • the first time may be raised before the mold surface falls below 400 ° C. This is because the mold is often a heavy object, and if the mold is excessively cooled to the vicinity of the Ms point, the temperature difference between the mold surface and the inside of the mold is widened and the mold is easily deformed.
  • Which one of the first improvement holding process and the second improvement holding process described above is selected is determined, for example, in consideration of the weight and processing time of the mold, and the surface area and volume of the mold. good.
  • the second improved holding process is suitable for processing a mold of 100 kg or more in a short time.
  • the two improved holding steps described above are performed until the temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the mold reaches 200 ° C. or less by oil cooling. This is because if the temperature difference exceeds 200 ° C. and the second cooling step is performed, there is a risk of distortion or deformation due to the thermal stress difference. In order to prevent distortion and deformation more reliably, the temperature difference between the surface of the mold and the inside is preferably within 150 ° C. In addition, since some molds exceed 100 kg and are about 2 tons heavy, if the temperature is kept constant until the temperature is just above the Ms point as in the prior art, the processing time becomes longer and the productivity is significantly reduced.
  • the second cooling step may be performed when the temperature difference between the surface of the mold and the inside becomes 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. (preferably 50 ° C. to 150 ° C.). .
  • a constant temperature holding furnace or a salt bath which has been required in conventional marquenches, can be eliminated.
  • a second cooling step is performed in which the mold is cooled at a rate of 1 ° C./min to 50 ° C./min until the mold surface temperature reaches 200 ° C. (Fig. 1 (7))
  • the cooling rate of this second cooling step suppresses the generation of bainite of the material to be heat-treated (mold) during cooling, and also suppresses temperature unevenness due to rapid cooling, and controls toughness, quenching distortion, and cracking. This is the cooling rate necessary for this.
  • the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 1 ° C./min, the suppression of bainite formation is insufficient and the toughness is lowered.
  • a preferable cooling rate of the surface temperature is 10 ° C./min to 30 ° C./min.
  • the cooling rate at the center is also important from the viewpoint of controlling the metal structure, and the region of 400 ° C. to 250 ° C. where bainite is generated is cooled at 1 ° C./min to 15 ° C./min. good. If it is this range, the production
  • this second cooling step it is 5 ° C./min to 15 ° C./min, and the above effect can be obtained more reliably.
  • this second cooling step it is easy to adjust the cooling rate to the above-mentioned temperature range, and in particular, the metal structure inside the heat-treated material is not likely to be a massive bainite structure, and it is easy to obtain a cooling rate, which is oil cooling. Is good.
  • the environment in the first cooling step, the improved holding step, and the second cooling step described above is preferably a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
  • nitrogen, an inert gas, or a vacuum atmosphere (reduced pressure atmosphere) can be applied. This is because the quenching oil burns violently to cause a disaster such as a fire because the first cooling process is a rapid cooling from the quenching temperature to the oil tank.
  • oxidation and decarburization of the heat-treated material can be prevented.
  • the conditions for heating to the above quenching temperature will be described.
  • the low temperature side here means the temperature range below the A1 transformation point.
  • the condition for the low temperature side quenching temperature raising step is preferably a temperature rising rate of 200 ° C./h or less. This is because if the rate of temperature increase is too high, the material to be heat treated may be distorted, or the temperature difference between the surface layer portion and the inside of the material to be heat treated will increase, resulting in variations in crystal grains depending on the part. This is because it becomes higher.
  • a preferred rate of temperature rise is in the range of 50 ° C./h to 150 ° C./h.
  • the temperature holding process which hold maintains temperature more than once in the middle of the above-mentioned low temperature side hardening temperature rising process (FIG. 1 (2)).
  • the temperature holding step By performing the temperature holding step, the temperature unevenness when the heat-treated material is heated is reduced, so that deformation is reduced. Further, the processing residual stress generated at the time of mold manufacture is removed by preheating, and there is also an effect of suppressing abnormal growth of crystal grains using residual strain as a driving force when passing through the transformation point by subsequent heating.
  • the temperature holding step is preferably performed in the temperature range of A1 transformation point ⁇ 200 ° C. to A1 transformation point ⁇ 15 ° C.
  • the temperature range is from A1 transformation point to -70 ° C to A1 transformation point to -20 ° C.
  • the temperature holding time is intended to reduce the temperature unevenness when the heat-treated material is heated as described above, and therefore it is difficult to obtain the effect of reducing the temperature unevenness in a very short time. Therefore, it is preferable to set a time sufficient to reduce the temperature unevenness. Although the time cannot be generally determined depending on the weight and shape of the material to be heat-treated, it is preferable to hold it for about 0.5 to 5 hours from experience. If held for 0.75 hours or longer, the difference between the surface layer temperature and the internal temperature can be kept within 30 ° C., so it is preferable to hold it for 0.75 hours (45 minutes) or longer.
  • the temperature range from the A1 transformation point to the A3 transformation point may be heated at a rate of 100 ° C./h or more as a high temperature side temperature raising step (FIG. 1 (3)).
  • a high temperature side temperature raising step FOG. 1 (3)
  • the non-heat treated member can be adjusted to uniform crystal grains by adjusting the conditions of the temperature raising step up to the heating / holding step.
  • Quenching treatment was performed using the above sample.
  • the temperature conditions up to the heating / holding step are as follows. ⁇ First sample> The first sample was inserted into a quenching furnace, and the temperature increase was started. The conditions of the low temperature side temperature raising step (1) were 150 ° C./h, and the temperature holding step (2) was performed at 800 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, it heated up to 1025 degreeC on 150 degreeC / h conditions as a high temperature side temperature rising process (3), and moved to the heating and holding process (4).
  • ⁇ Second sample> The second sample was inserted into the quenching furnace and the temperature increase was started.
  • the conditions of the low temperature side temperature rising step (1) were 200 ° C./h, and the temperature holding step (2) was performed at 800 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, it heated up to 1025 degreeC on 200 degreeC / h conditions as a high temperature side temperature rising process (3), and moved to the heating and holding process (4).
  • the first improved holding step and measurement temperature applied to the first sample, and the second cooling step, and the second improved holding step and measured temperature applied to the second sample, and the second Table 3 shows the cooling process.
  • the temperature is a result of measuring the vicinity of the surface and the inside (center portion) by forming a drilling hole in the sample and inserting a thermocouple thermometer.
  • the Charpy impact test was a 2 mm U notch test.
  • Table 4 shows the Charpy impact values.
  • the “comparative example” in Table 4 is the “No. This is a test result of 6 alloys (JIS SKD61 equivalent alloy), which is due to cooling by the conventional marquenching method.
  • This comparative example (No. 6 of Patent Document 2) has almost the same thermal history as the example performed this time, and the quenching conditions are as follows. The test piece was heated at 75 ° C./h (low temperature side heating step (1)) and held at 800 ° C. for 1 hour (temperature holding step (2)), and the temperature was increased to 1020 ° C.
  • FIG. 2 shows the measured values of the heat pattern after the first cooling step for the second sample, and the simulation result when the dipping and lifting are performed only once (adopting the first improved holding step). (Corresponding to the result) was plotted. As shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the internal (center) cooling rate is faster when immersion and pulling are repeated. It can also be confirmed that the overall cooling rate is fast. From these results, it can be seen that the present invention in which the second improved holding step is particularly suitable for quenching a heavy mold. In addition, as a result of cutting out the test piece for micro observation from the surface side of the 2nd sample and investigating the presence or absence of grain boundary precipitation, as shown in FIG. 3, the grain boundary precipitate could hardly be confirmed. Moreover, the dimensional change amount was about 0.5 mm at the maximum, and it was confirmed that the dimensional change could be suppressed.
  • the mold quenching method of the present invention can improve the toughness of the mold, it can be expected to improve the life of the mold. Therefore, not only the mold but also the other application can be expected as a quenching method capable of improving toughness. In particular, the larger the heat-treated material, the better the improvement effect can be expected.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de trempe d'un moule, comprenant : une étape de chauffage/maintien de chauffage du moule et le maintien du moule à une température qui est égale ou supérieure à la température de transformation A3 et inférieure à 1150°C ; une première étape de refroidissement, consécutive à l'étape de chauffage/maintien, d'immersion du moule dans un récipient d'huile pour refroidir le moule par refroidissement à l'huile jusqu'à ce que la surface du moule présente une température qui est égale ou inférieure à 700°C et supérieure au point Ms ; une étape de maintien améliorée, consécutive à la première étape de refroidissement, de sortie du moule hors du récipient d'huile pour interrompre le refroidissement par l'huile et de maintien du moule jusqu'à ce que la surface du moule présente une température qui est supérieure au point Ms et à laquelle la différence entre la température de la surface du moule et la température de l'intérieur du moule descende dans les 200°C ; et une deuxième étape de refroidissement, consécutive à l'étape de maintien améliorée, de refroidissement du moule à une vitesse de refroidissement de 1-50°C/min jusqu'à ce que la surface du moule présente une température de 200°C.
PCT/JP2011/080342 2010-12-29 2011-12-27 Procédé de trempe de moule WO2012091069A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201180056966.1A CN103228802B (zh) 2010-12-29 2011-12-27 模具的淬火方法
JP2012520604A JP5075293B2 (ja) 2010-12-29 2011-12-27 金型の焼入れ方法

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JP2010-294349 2010-12-29
JP2010294349 2010-12-29

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CN (1) CN103228802B (fr)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014101576A (ja) * 2012-10-23 2014-06-05 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入方法
JP2016194132A (ja) * 2015-04-01 2016-11-17 トヨタ自動車東日本株式会社 鋼板の焼入方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6388193B2 (ja) * 2014-03-18 2018-09-12 日立金属株式会社 金型の焼入方法および金型の製造方法

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JPH11350034A (ja) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-21 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入れ方法
JP2004137539A (ja) * 2002-10-17 2004-05-13 Sumitomo Denko Shoketsu Gokin Kk 鉄系焼結合金部品の温間サイジング設備
JP2006342368A (ja) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-21 Daido Steel Co Ltd 鋼部材の熱処理方法
JP2008031530A (ja) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-14 Daido Steel Co Ltd 合金鋼の製造方法
JP2009074155A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-09 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入れ方法

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CN101255491A (zh) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-03 上海市机械制造工艺研究所 大型压铸模微变形真空热处理工艺
JP2009074115A (ja) * 2007-09-19 2009-04-09 Dowa Metals & Mining Co Ltd 硫酸鉛の製造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11350034A (ja) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-21 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入れ方法
JP2004137539A (ja) * 2002-10-17 2004-05-13 Sumitomo Denko Shoketsu Gokin Kk 鉄系焼結合金部品の温間サイジング設備
JP2006342368A (ja) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-21 Daido Steel Co Ltd 鋼部材の熱処理方法
JP2008031530A (ja) * 2006-07-28 2008-02-14 Daido Steel Co Ltd 合金鋼の製造方法
JP2009074155A (ja) * 2007-09-25 2009-04-09 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入れ方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014101576A (ja) * 2012-10-23 2014-06-05 Hitachi Metals Ltd 金型の焼入方法
JP2016194132A (ja) * 2015-04-01 2016-11-17 トヨタ自動車東日本株式会社 鋼板の焼入方法

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CN103228802B (zh) 2014-10-08
TWI427152B (zh) 2014-02-21
CN103228802A (zh) 2013-07-31
TW201243058A (en) 2012-11-01
JPWO2012091069A1 (ja) 2014-06-05
JP5075293B2 (ja) 2012-11-21

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