WO2012086836A1 - ガス分離装置、メンブレンリアクター、水素製造装置 - Google Patents
ガス分離装置、メンブレンリアクター、水素製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas separation apparatus and a gas separation method for separating carbon dioxide and water vapor from a mixed gas containing at least carbon dioxide and water vapor as main components.
- the present invention also relates to a membrane reactor using the gas separation function of the gas separation device, a hydrogen production apparatus including the membrane reactor, and a hydrogen production method.
- hydrocarbons are reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO) by the steam reforming reaction shown in the following (Chemical Formula 1), and carbon monoxide is further converted using CO conversion reaction.
- Hydrogen is produced by reacting water with steam.
- the CO converter is provided with a CO 2 facilitated transport membrane that selectively allows carbon dioxide to permeate, and the right-side carbon dioxide generated by the CO conversion reaction of (Chemical Formula 2) is efficiently removed outside the CO converter.
- the chemical equilibrium can be shifted to the hydrogen production side (right side), and a high conversion rate can be obtained at the same reaction temperature.
- carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can be removed beyond the limit due to equilibrium constraints. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 20 is a conceptual block diagram of a hydrogen production apparatus including a CO conversion unit having a CO 2 facilitated transport film.
- the reformer 31 is supplied with CH 4 and H 2 O to cause the steam reforming reaction shown in the above (Chemical Formula 1).
- the membrane reactor 30 is supplied with a mixed gas containing H 2 , CO 2 , and remaining H 2 O generated in the steam reformer 31, and the shift reaction unit 32 generates the shift reaction shown in (Chemical Formula 2) above.
- membrane reactor 30 is provided with a CO 2 -facilitated transport membrane 33 which selectively transmits the CO 2.
- the CO 2 generated in (Chemical Formula 2) passes through the membrane 33 and is discharged to the outside together with the inert sweep gas (for example, Ar gas). Further, by collecting the gas that has not permeated through the membrane 33 from the modification processing unit 32, it is possible to obtain H 2 gas containing less CO 2 and CO.
- FIG. 21 shows changes in concentrations of carbon monoxide (A) and carbon dioxide (B) with respect to the catalyst layer length of the CO converter with and without the CO 2 facilitated transport membrane.
- the CO converter (CO 2 permeable membrane reactor) equipped with the above CO 2 facilitated transport membrane makes it possible to remove carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide beyond the limits due to equilibrium constraints.
- the PSA load and S / C can be reduced, and the cost and efficiency of the entire hydrogen station can be reduced.
- the CO conversion reaction can be speeded up (higher SV), so that the reforming system can be downsized and the startup time can be shortened.
- Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 having the same contents by the same inventor).
- the CO 2 facilitated transport membrane requires moisture in order to sufficiently exhibit the facilitated transport function (membrane function) of carbon dioxide. More specifically, the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and carbonate ions in the membrane usually indicates a chemical reaction represented by the following reaction path equation (Chemical Formula 3). From this, it can be seen that as the moisture in the membrane increases, the chemical equilibrium shifts to the product side (right side) and the permeation of carbon dioxide is promoted.
- the catalyst temperature is required to be 100 ° C. or higher in order to cause the CO shift reaction with high efficiency.
- the temperature inside the membrane reactor 30 exceeds 100 ° C.
- the moisture in the CO 2 facilitated transport membrane 33 evaporates, and the membrane function, that is, the facilitated transport function of carbon dioxide is lowered.
- Such a decrease in membrane function has become a common sense of conventional facilitated transport membranes.
- the higher the temperature the higher the rate of the chemical reaction, so the inventors of the present application can fully demonstrate the membrane function by ensuring the amount of water in the membrane by increasing the partial pressure of water vapor in the gas phase under pressure. Confirmed that it will be.
- An object of the present invention is to improve energy utilization efficiency particularly in a gas separation device that separates carbon dioxide and water vapor from a mixed gas containing a predetermined main component gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. It is another object of the present invention to provide a membrane reactor and a hydrogen production apparatus that exhibit high energy utilization efficiency by utilizing the function of the gas separation device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a gas separation method and a hydrogen production method used by each of the above apparatuses.
- a gas separation apparatus is a gas separation apparatus that individually separates carbon dioxide and water vapor from a first mixed gas containing at least carbon dioxide and water vapor in a predetermined main component gas, Comprising a first separation membrane and a second separation membrane of different materials;
- the first separation membrane selectively transmits carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixed gas, thereby allowing the first mixed gas to pass carbon dioxide and water vapor from the first mixed gas.
- Separating the second mixed gas containing When the second mixed gas is supplied, the second separation membrane selectively permeates water vapor contained in the second mixed gas, thereby separating water vapor from the second mixed gas.
- the first separation membrane selectively allows carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixed gas to permeate when the first mixed gas is supplied at 100 ° C. or higher.
- the second mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor is separated from the first mixed gas.
- the water vapor that has passed through the second separation membrane may be supplied to the upstream side of the second separation membrane and reused.
- first separation membrane and the second separation membrane may be installed in the same casing.
- the first separation membrane and the second separation membrane may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a common axis.
- the first separation membrane a CO 2 facilitated transport membrane having CO 2 / H 2 selectivity performance at a temperature of above 100 ° C., an additive consisting of cesium carbonate or cesium bicarbonate or cesium hydroxide
- the gel layer configured to be contained in the hydrogel film can be carried on a hydrophilic porous film having heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher.
- the first separation membrane a CO 2 facilitated transport membrane having CO 2 / H 2 selectivity performance at a temperature of above 100 ° C., an additive consisting of rubidium carbonate or bicarbonate rubidium or rubidium hydroxide
- the gel layer configured to be contained in the hydrogel film can be carried on a hydrophilic porous film having heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylate copolymer gel film can be employed.
- those skilled in the art may refer to the polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylate copolymer as a polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid copolymer.
- the hydrogel is a three-dimensional network structure formed by crosslinking a hydrophilic polymer, and has a property of swelling by absorbing water.
- the membrane reactor according to the present invention is a membrane reactor for performing CO conversion treatment on a gas to be converted containing carbon monoxide and water vapor, and a first separation membrane is formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space.
- a second processing unit in which a second separation membrane made of a material different from the first separation membrane is formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space; The first processing unit converts the gas to be converted by the CO conversion catalyst under a temperature condition of 100 ° C. or higher to generate a first mixed gas containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
- carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixed gas are selectively permeated to the first separation membrane
- the second processing unit includes carbon dioxide and water vapor that have permeated the first separation membrane. Second Together if gas is supplied, characterized in that selectively transmits water vapor contained in the second mixed gas to the second separation membrane.
- the first processing unit and the second processing unit may be installed in the same casing.
- the first processing unit and the second processing unit may be formed in a cylindrical shape having a common axis.
- a gel layer comprising an additive made of cesium, cesium bicarbonate or cesium hydroxide in a hydrogel film may be supported on a hydrophilic porous film having a heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher. good.
- a gel layer composed of an additive composed of rubidium, rubidium bicarbonate, or rubidium hydroxide in a hydrogel film may be supported on a hydrophilic porous film having a heat resistance of 100 ° C. or higher. .
- a hydrogen production apparatus is a hydrogen production apparatus including a membrane reactor having the above characteristics and a reformer filled with a reforming catalyst therein, wherein the first separation membrane in the first processing section.
- the reformer is supplied with a gas to be reformed containing hydrocarbons and steam, and is supplied by the reforming catalyst.
- the gas to be transformed is generated by reforming the gas to be reformed and output to the first processing unit, and the water vapor that has passed through the second separation membrane in the second processing unit is It is a structure that flows into at least one of the upstream side or the downstream side of the first separation membrane of the reformer or the first processing unit.
- a third processing unit having a third separation membrane having the same material as that of the second separation membrane is provided, and the third processing unit includes the first separation unit in the first processing unit.
- Water vapor is separated from the first mixed gas by selectively permeating water vapor contained in the residual gas of the first mixed gas that has not permeated through the membrane, and the third processing unit in the third processing unit is configured to separate the water vapor from the first mixed gas.
- the water vapor that has permeated through the separation membrane may flow into the reformer or at least one of the upstream side or the downstream side of the first separation membrane of the first processing unit.
- the gas separation method is a gas separation method for individually separating carbon dioxide and water vapor from a first mixed gas containing at least carbon dioxide and water vapor in a predetermined main component gas, the first mixed gas. Is supplied so as to be in contact with the surface of the first separation membrane, thereby selectively allowing carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixed gas to permeate the first separation membrane, and thereby the first mixed gas. Separating the second mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor from the gas, and further supplying the second mixed gas so as to contact the surface of the second separation membrane made of a material different from that of the first separation membrane. The water vapor contained in the second mixed gas is selectively permeated through the two separation membranes to separate the water vapor from the second mixed gas.
- the gas separation method according to the present invention supplies the first mixed gas at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher so as to contact the surface of the first separation membrane, thereby providing the first separation membrane with respect to the first separation membrane.
- the second mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor is separated from the first mixed gas by selectively transmitting carbon dioxide and water vapor contained in the first mixed gas.
- the hydrogen production method according to the present invention is supplied with a gas to be reformed containing hydrocarbon and steam, and performs reforming treatment on the gas to be reformed by a reforming catalyst, so that carbon monoxide, hydrogen And a reforming step for generating a gas to be converted containing steam, and the gas to be converted is supplied, and a CO conversion treatment is performed on the gas to be converted by a shift catalyst under a temperature condition of 100 ° C. or higher.
- the water vapor contained in the second mixed gas is selectively permeated to the second separation membrane, and the second water vapor separating the water vapor passing through the second separation membrane is separated from the second mixed gas.
- a separation step wherein the transformation step and the first separation step are performed in parallel in the same processing mechanism, and at least a part of the water vapor recovered in the second separation step in the transformation step. Is used for the reaction.
- water vapor can be separated from a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor. Therefore, by recovering the water vapor, the water vapor having latent heat can be reused, and the energy efficiency of the entire system can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram of a hydrogen production apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 includes a reformer 31 that performs a steam reforming process and a membrane reactor 20 that performs a CO shift process.
- the membrane reactor 20 includes a first treatment unit 32 in which a first separation membrane 33 is formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space, and a CO conversion catalyst filled therein, and at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space.
- the second processing unit 36 is provided with a second separation film 34 made of a material different from that of the first separation film 33.
- a circulation means 38 for circulating the water vapor that has passed through the second separation membrane 34 to the reformer 31 is provided.
- FIG. 1 conceptually represents the main components contained in the gas flowing in the direction of the arrow in the drawing. The same applies to the following figures.
- the reformer 31 is supplied with a gas to be reformed containing a hydrocarbon such as methane (CH 4 ) and steam.
- the reformer 31 is filled with a reforming catalyst such as ruthenium, nickel, or platinum, and methane gas contained in the reformed gas under a temperature condition of, for example, about 700 ° C. due to the catalytic action of the reforming catalyst.
- the water vapor are reformed by the reaction formula shown in the above (Chemical Formula 1), and converted into a gas to be converted containing hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas. Then, this gas to be transformed is supplied to the first processing unit 32 of the membrane reactor 20.
- the first treatment section 32 of the membrane reactor 20 is filled with a CO conversion catalyst composed of, for example, a Cu—Zn-based catalyst.
- the first processing unit 32 causes the carbon monoxide gas contained in the to-be-modified gas to undergo a conversion reaction according to the reaction formula shown in the above (Chemical Formula 2) under the temperature condition of about 160 ° C. by the catalytic action of the CO conversion catalyst. Convert to carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas.
- the first processing section 32 has the first separation membrane 33 formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space.
- the first separation membrane 33 has a function of selectively transmitting carbon dioxide and water vapor. The detailed configuration of the first separation membrane will be described later.
- steam contained in the to-be-transformed gas is mixed in addition to the carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas which are produced
- the first separation membrane 33 is configured to have moisture therein, and the modification treatment is performed under a temperature condition of about 160 ° C., so that the water contained in the first separation membrane 33 is included. Water vapor is also generated by partially evaporating water.
- first mixed gas the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, and water vapor gas is referred to as “first mixed gas”.
- the first separation membrane 33 has a function of selectively transmitting carbon dioxide and water vapor. For this reason, among the first mixed gas existing in the first processing unit 32, carbon dioxide and water vapor mixed in the gas permeate the first separation membrane 33 and are sent into the second processing unit 36. . On the other hand, hydrogen gas does not pass through the first separation membrane 33.
- the mixed gas that passes through the first separation membrane 33 and is sent to the second processing unit 36 is referred to as a “second mixed gas”.
- the main components of the second mixed gas are carbon dioxide and water vapor.
- the second processing unit 36 has a second separation membrane 34 formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space.
- the second separation membrane 34 has a function of selectively transmitting water vapor. The detailed configuration of the second separation membrane 34 will be described later.
- the second separation membrane 34 Since the second separation membrane 34 has a function of selectively permeating water vapor, out of the second mixed gas existing in the second processing unit, the water vapor passes through the second separation membrane 34 and is discharged to the outside. Is done. On the other hand, the carbon dioxide gas does not pass through the second separation membrane 34.
- the gas which has carbon dioxide as a main component can be obtained by taking out the gas which remains in the 2nd process part 36 outside. This gas can be discharged from the second processing unit 36 to the outside by being sucked by a pump or the like. Further, when there is no plan to reuse the carbon dioxide gas, the outflow is possible by flowing a sweep gas SG made of an inert gas such as Ar into the second processing section 36.
- the second mixed gas supplied into the second processing unit 36 also has a temperature state of 100 ° C. or higher. Show. That is, the water vapor that passes through the second separation membrane 34 also exhibits a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. And since this water vapor
- FIG. 1 as an example of the reuse of the steam, a configuration is shown in which the steam is supplied into the reformer 31 via the circulation means 38.
- the reformer 31 requires steam for the reaction. However, when steam is generated from the water state and supplied to the reformer 31, energy for generating steam is required. On the other hand, in the structure of FIG. 1, since water vapor
- the first separation membrane 33 uses a polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid (PVA / PAA) salt copolymer as an example of a membrane material, and uses cesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) as a carbon dioxide carrier.
- PVA / PAA polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid
- Cs 2 CO 3 cesium carbonate
- a hydrophilic porous film 12 carrying a PVA / PAA gel film 11 containing a carbon dioxide carrier is sandwiched between two hydrophobic porous films 13 and 14. Composed of structure.
- PVA / PAA salt copolymer gel film containing carbon dioxide carrier PVA / PAA salt copolymer gel film containing no carbon dioxide carrier, and promotion of structure comprising two hydrophobic porous films
- containing gel film it is abbreviated as “containing gel film” as appropriate.
- the PVA / PAA salt copolymer is contained in the range of about 20 to 80% by weight in the contained gel film.
- Cs 2 CO 3 is present in the range of about 20-80 wt%.
- a cast solution composed of an aqueous solution containing a PVA / PAA salt copolymer and Cs 2 CO 3 is prepared (step 1). More specifically, 1 g of PVA / PAA salt copolymer (for example, a temporary name SS gel manufactured by Sumitomo Seika), 0.54 g of Cs 2 CO 3 , weighed into a sample bottle, and 20 g of water was added thereto. The cast solution is obtained by stirring and dissolving overnight at room temperature.
- PVA / PAA salt copolymer for example, a temporary name SS gel manufactured by Sumitomo Seika
- step 2 in order to remove bubbles in the cast solution obtained in step 1, centrifugation (rotation speed: 5000 rpm for 30 minutes) is performed (step 2).
- the cast solution obtained in step 2 is mixed with a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane (for example, manufactured by Advantech, H010A142C, film thickness 80 ⁇ m, pore diameter 0.1 ⁇ m, porosity 70%) and hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane (for example, Sumitomo Cast with an applicator on the surface of the porous PTFE porous membrane side of a layered porous membrane in which two sheets made by Denko, Fluoropore FP010, film thickness 60 ⁇ m, pore diameter 0.1 ⁇ m, porosity 55%) are laminated (Step 3) ).
- a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane for example, manufactured by Advantech, H010A142C, film thickness 80 ⁇ m, pore diameter 0.1 ⁇ m, porosity 70%
- hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane for example, Sumitomo Cast with an applicator on the surface of the porous PTFE porous membrane side of a layered porous membrane in which two
- the cast solution penetrates into the pores in the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane, but the penetration stops at the boundary surface of the hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane, and the cast solution does not penetrate to the opposite surface of the layered porous membrane, and the layered Since the casting solution does not exist on the side surface of the porous PTFE porous membrane, the handling becomes easy.
- step 4 the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane after casting is naturally dried at room temperature for about half a day, and the cast solution is gelled to form a gel layer (step 4).
- the casting solution is cast on the surface of the layered porous membrane on the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane side, so in step 4, the gel layer is formed on the surface (cast surface) of the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane.
- the pores are easily filled and formed, so that defects (micro-defects such as pinholes) are less likely to occur and the success rate of forming the gel layer is increased.
- a three-layer facilitated transport membrane comprising a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane / gel layer (containing gel membrane supported on a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane) / hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane is obtained.
- first separation membrane 33 a three-layer facilitated transport membrane comprising a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane / gel layer (containing gel membrane supported on a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane) / hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane is obtained.
- Step 5 a mode that the containing gel film
- one of the hydrophobic PTFE porous membranes is used in Step 3 and Step 4, and is a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane supporting the contained gel membrane.
- the other hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane is used to protect the contained gel membrane from the other surface side.
- the PTFE porous membrane is hydrophobic and prevents water from being repelled and soaking into the containing gel membrane. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the carbon dioxide carrier in the contained gel film from being diluted with water by the other PTFE porous membrane, and to prevent the diluted carbon dioxide carrier from flowing out of the containing gel film.
- each sample 50 includes two fluororubber gaskets between a raw material side chamber 52 and a permeation side chamber 53 of a stainless steel flow type gas permeation cell 51 (membrane area: 2.88 cm 2 ). It is fixed by using it as a sealing material.
- a source gas A mixed gas composed of CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O
- FG is supplied to the source side chamber 52 at a flow rate of 2.24 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / min, and a sweep gas (here, Ar gas is used).
- SG is supplied to the permeation side chamber 53 at a flow rate of 8.18 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / min.
- the pressure in the raw material side chamber 52 is adjusted by a back pressure regulator 55 provided on the downstream side of the cooling trap 54 in the exhaust gas discharge path.
- the pressure in the transmission side chamber 53 is atmospheric pressure.
- the gas composition after the water vapor in the sweep gas SG ′ discharged from the permeate side chamber 53 is removed by the cooling trap 56 is quantified by the gas chromatograph 57, and the permeance of CO 2 and H 2 is determined from this and the flow rate of Ar in the sweep gas SG. [Mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa)] is calculated, and CO 2 / H 2 selectivity is calculated from the ratio.
- a back pressure regulator 61 for adjusting the pressure of the permeation side chamber 53 is provided on the downstream side of the cooling trap 56.
- the supply amount of the raw material gas A is supplied amount of CO 2
- H 2 is the mass flow controller: is adjusted by (mass flow controller MFC)
- H 2 supply amount of O is a quantitative liquid feed pump 58 in a
- the raw material gas A is a mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor containing hydrogen as main components for simulating the first mixed gas, CO 2 : 5.0%, H 2 : 45%, H 2 O: 50%. To a mixing ratio (mol%).
- the sweep gas SG is supplied in order to reduce the partial pressure on the permeate side chamber side of the gas to be measured (CO 2 , H 2 ) that permeates the sample membrane and maintain the permeation driving force, and is a gas type different from the gas to be measured.
- Ar gas is used. Specifically, Ar gas (flow rate at 25 ° C .: 20 cm 3 / min, 8.13 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / min) was supplied to the permeation side chamber 53.
- the experimental apparatus has a preheater for heating the gas, A flow-through gas permeable cell with a fixed membrane is installed in a thermostatic chamber.
- the ratio (hereinafter referred to as “carrier concentration”) of (Cs 2 CO 3 weight) / (PVA / PAA salt copolymer weight + Cs 2 CO 3 weight) is 70%, and the raw material gas FG CO 2 permeance, H 2 permeance, and CO 2 / O 2 when the measurement temperature is changed to 125 ° C., 140 ° C., 160 ° C., 180 ° C., and 200 ° C. in a pressurized state of 200 kPa to 600 kPa.
- a graph showing H 2 selectivity is shown in FIG.
- the CO 2 permeance is a very high value of about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / (m 2 kPa), which is as high as about 100 It can be seen that 2 selectivity is exhibited. It can also be seen that when the measurement temperature is about 160 ° C., higher CO 2 permeance and CO 2 selectivity are exhibited.
- a membrane exhibiting selective permeability of H 2 O is employed, and as an example, a perfluoro-based membrane (or perfluorosulfonic acid-based membrane) can be used.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the CO 2 permeance, H 2 O permeance, and H 2 O / CO 2 selectivity of the second separation membrane 34.
- the raw material gas is a mixed gas containing water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, and the mixing ratio (mol%) of CO 2 : 2.0%, H 2 : 48%, H 2 O: 50% is used.
- Each value is graphed when the measured temperature is changed to 120 ° C., 160 ° C., and 200 ° C. in the pressurized state in the range of 200 kPa to 600 kPa using the adjusted gas.
- As the second separation membrane 34 a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane was used. The measurement mechanism is the same as in FIG.
- the H 2 O permeance was calculated by liquefying the permeated steam in the drain tank 56 and measuring the amount of water accumulated in the drain tank per unit time. Moreover, CO 2 permeance is calculated in CO 2 -facilitated transport membrane similar manner, pairs CO 2 selective permeability was calculated by H 2 O permeance / CO 2 permeance. Ar is used as the sweep gas.
- H 2 O permeance and H 2 O / CO 2 selectivity are the highest values at a measurement temperature of 120 ° C. Even at 160 ° C., about 60 H 2 O / CO 2 selectivity is shown. It can be seen that the H 2 O permeance and H 2 O / CO 2 selectivity decrease as the reaction temperature increases.
- FIG. 7 and 8 are diagrams when the performance of the steam selective film is measured without using the sweep gas SG.
- Ar gas is introduced from the upstream of the drain tank 56.
- FIG. 7 shows (a) H 2 O permeance when the measurement temperature is increased by 5 ° C. from 110 ° C. to 130 ° C. with the supply side pressure fixed at 200 kPa and the permeation side pressure fixed at atmospheric pressure. b) shows changes in H 2 / CO 2 selectivity.
- the supply gas flow rate was 8 ml / min for H 2 , 152 ml / min for CO 2, and 0.54 ml / min for H 2 O (liquid).
- FIG. 8 shows (a) H 2 O permeance when the measurement temperature is increased by 20 ° C. from 130 ° C. to 190 ° C. with the supply side pressure fixed at 200 kPa and the permeation side pressure fixed at atmospheric pressure. b) shows changes in H 2 / CO 2 selectivity.
- the second mixed gas containing water vapor and carbon dioxide permeates the first separation membrane 33 and passes through the second separation membrane 33. 34. Therefore, the second mixed gas is supplied to the second separation membrane 34 under a temperature condition of about 100 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower. Therefore, according to FIGS. 6 to 8, since the water vapor contained in the gas selectively permeates the second separation membrane 34, the water vapor and carbon dioxide can be separated.
- the water vapor obtained through the second separation membrane 34 is at a temperature similar to that of the second mixed gas supplied to the second separation membrane 34, and therefore has sufficient latent heat. Therefore, high energy efficiency can be realized by collecting and reusing this water vapor.
- the membrane reactor 20 shown in FIG. 1 includes the first processing unit 32 in which the first separation membrane 33 is formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space, and the inside is filled with the CO conversion catalyst.
- the second processing unit 36 having the second separation film 34 formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the occupied space is used.
- the membrane reactor 20 may include only the first processing unit 32, and the second processing unit 36 may be provided as a separate mechanism outside the membrane reactor 20.
- the gas (first mixed gas) that has permeated the first separation membrane 32 in the membrane reactor 20 may be guided to a second processing unit that is configured outside the reactor 20 via a pipe line.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a cross-sectional view when cut parallel to the horizontal plane, and (b) is a cross-sectional view when cut in the vertical direction on the horizontal plane.
- the first separation membrane shown in FIG. 9 has a structure in which a gel membrane 41 containing a carrier is supported on the outer periphery of a cylindrical ceramic support membrane 42.
- the carrier the above-described Cs 2 CO 3 can be used.
- the support film 42 is not limited to a ceramic film (the same applies to the support film 62 shown in FIG. 11).
- the space 40 between the gel film 41 and the outer frame is filled with a shift catalyst. Accordingly, it is assumed that the transformation process and the separation process using the first separation membrane are performed in the same cylindrical apparatus.
- a space 43 is also provided inside the ceramic support film 42.
- the gas to be converted flows into the space 40 filled with the shift catalyst, and the shift treatment is performed in the space. Thereafter, among the generated mixed gas, the first mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor passes through the gel film 41 and the support film 42 and flows into the space 43. Then, the first mixed gas that has flowed into the space 43 is discharged out of the system by the sweep gas SG, and is sent to the second processing unit including the second separation membrane 34. On the other hand, from the outer space 40 of the cylinder, out of the mixed gas generated after the transformation process, the gas after the water vapor and carbon dioxide are separated, that is, the gas whose main component is hydrogen is discharged.
- FIG. 10 shows the result obtained when the cylindrical facilitated transport film shown in FIG. 9 is used as the facilitated transport film, the measurement method, the carrier concentration, and the raw material gas pressure are the same as those in FIG. It is a graph based on the obtained data.
- both CO 2 permeance and CO 2 / H 2 selectivity are high, and it can be seen that the cylindrical facilitated transport membrane has the same effect as the flat plate type as shown in FIG. .
- the first mixed gas permeates the gel film 41 and the support film 42 toward the cylindrical axial center side (inner side) and flows into the space 43 located on the inner side. It is good also as a structure which reversed (refer FIG. 11). That is, the space 60 having a cylindrical shape in the region including the axial center is filled with the shift catalyst, and the gel film 61 and the support film 62 are formed inside the outer peripheral surface of the space. Then, the gas to be transformed flows into the space 60, and the first mixed gas generated after the metamorphic treatment passes through the gel film 61 and the support film 62 to the outside and flows out into the space 63. To do. Thereby, the first mixed gas is recovered from the space 63.
- FIG. 9 another cylindrical space having a common axial center is formed in the space 43, and a second processing unit including a second separation membrane 34 on the outer periphery of the space is provided. (See FIG. 12).
- the water vapor that has passed through the second separation membrane 34 is discharged from the innermost space 47, and the water vapor is separated from the second mixed gas from the space 48 between the second separation membrane 34 and the support membrane 42.
- Gas, that is, gas whose main component is carbon dioxide is discharged. In this case, when carbon dioxide is reused, the sweep gas may be sucked by a pump or the like without flowing into the space 48.
- the configuration has a plurality of cylindrical spaces and membranes having a common axis, but the arrangement method of each space is not limited to this.
- the extending direction of the axis It is also possible to use other arrangement methods such as a configuration in which the spaces are arranged in series.
- a perfluoro-based membrane (or a perfluorosulfonic acid-based membrane) is exemplified as the second separation membrane 34.
- other membrane materials having a selective permeability of H 2 O are used. It is also possible to do.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the CO 2 permeance, H 2 O permeance, and H 2 O / CO 2 selectivity of the H 2 O permeable membrane employed in this another embodiment.
- a mixed gas containing water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide is used as a raw material gas
- the flow rate of H 2 O (liquid) is 0.54 ml / min
- the flow rate of N 2 is 8 ml / min
- the flow rate of CO 2 is 152 ml / min.
- Each value is graphed when the gas supplied at min is used
- the pressure of the raw material gas FG is in a pressure range of 140 kPa to 200 kPa
- the measurement temperature is 130 ° C.
- Other measurement conditions were the same as those in FIGS.
- the manufacturing method of the film adopted in this another embodiment is as follows.
- PVA-PAA salt copolymer 2.0 g was dissolved in 80.0 g of ion-exchanged water at room temperature. 0.064g of 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added to the obtained SS gel solution. Subsequently, the solution was heated at 95 ° C. for 12 hours to advance chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde to obtain a cast solution.
- a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane (Sumitomo Electric, Fluoropore FP-010) was placed on a glass plate, and a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane (Sumitomo Electric, WPW-020-80) was placed thereon.
- the cast solution was cast to a thickness of 500 ⁇ m using a Baker applicator. At this time, a part of the cast solution was filled in the hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane. Thereafter, the cast casting solution was dried for about 12 hours in a dry box maintained at a humidity of about 5% to form a gel layer. After drying, the formed gel layer was placed in a thermostat kept at 120 ° C.
- a steam selective permeable membrane composed of a hydrophilic PTFE porous membrane and a gel layer.
- a hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane was laminated on the steam selective permeable membrane to obtain a membrane laminate having a three-layer structure of hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane / steam selective permeable membrane / hydrophobic PTFE porous membrane.
- the second separation membrane 34 employed in this different embodiment uses a PVA / PAA salt copolymer that is the same material as the first separation membrane 33, but does not add Cs 2 CO 3 that is a CO 2 carrier. It has been realized. Incidentally, while using a PVA / PAA salt copolymer, less than the first separation membrane 33, it is also possible to implement the second separating membrane 34 by the addition of Cs 2 CO 3 traces.
- a gel membrane composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylate copolymer is used as the material of the first separation membrane 33.
- this is an example, and the CO 2 selective separation capability is improved. It is possible to use the same hydrophilic polymer that exhibits.
- C 2 carrier cesium system (cesium carbonate, cesium hydroxide, cesium bicarbonate), rubidium-based (rubidium carbonate, rubidium hydroxide, bicarbonate rubidium) other, and have been illustrated and described DAPA, An amino acid system other than DAPA (such as histidine) may be employed.
- the mixed gas is supplied to the membrane reactor 20 from the reformer 31 that performs steam reforming.
- the supply source of the mixed gas is limited to the reformer. I can't.
- the steam can be reused by collecting and supplying the steam that has passed through the second separation membrane 34.
- FIG. 14 also considers the content of another embodiment ⁇ 3>, and from the first mixed gas containing CO 2 and H 2 O and other gases (here, H 2 ), CO 2 and H 2 O. It is shown as a gas separation device 1a for separation.
- the gas separation device 1 a shown in FIG. 14 when the first mixed gas is supplied from the mixed gas supply source 71 to the first processing unit 72, CO 2 and H 2 O selectively permeate the first separation membrane 33.
- the gas that does not permeate the membrane here, H 2 gas
- the mixed gas (second mixed gas) of CO 2 and H 2 O selectively permeated through the first separation membrane flows from the space 73 into the second processing unit 75 via the pipe line 74, and H 2 O is The CO 2 gas that selectively permeates the second separation membrane 34 and does not permeate the membrane is selectively separated.
- the H 2 O gas (steam gas) that has flowed into the space 76 is sucked in some cases by the circulation means 38, for example, the mixed gas supply source 71, or each mechanism (first process) in the preceding stage that performs H 2 O selective separation. Part 72, first separation membrane 33, space 73), and in some cases, sent to another steam utilization mechanism 81 and reused.
- the recovered steam gas may be used as a sweep gas for the gas that has permeated the first separation membrane 33 (see the gas separation device 1b in FIG. 15).
- a case where the recovered steam gas is supplied as a sweep gas to the rear side (permeation side) of the first separation membrane 33 will be described in detail separately.
- the first mixed gas that has not been separated by the first separation membrane 33 is mainly composed of H 2, but also partially contains H 2 O. It is possible to separate again the H 2 O gas contained in the remaining first mixed gas and reuse it as steam (see FIG. 16).
- the 16 includes a third processing unit 82 having a third separation film 83 made of the same material as the second separation film 34 with respect to the gas separation apparatus 1a shown in FIG.
- the third processing unit 82 and the first processing unit 72 are connected by a pipe line 80.
- the first mixed gas (residual gas) that has not been separated by the first separation membrane 33 is discharged to the third processing unit 82 via the pipe line 81.
- H 2 O contained in this gas passes through the third separation membrane 83 and is sent to the circulation means 38. Further, by extracting the gas remaining in the third processing unit 82, a gas containing H2 as a main component can be obtained.
- a completely similar system can be constructed for the gas separation device 1b shown in FIG. 15 (see FIG. 17). Description is omitted.
- the second separation membrane 34 one having a flat plate structure as shown in FIG. 1, or having the same axis as the first separation membrane 33 as shown in FIG. 12.
- the second separation membrane 34 alone may be formed into a cylindrical structure as shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 9 and 11 the structure illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 11 has been described as an example of the case where the first separation membrane 33 is formed in a cylindrical structure.
- the space 40, 60 on the upstream side (supply side) of the first separation membrane 33 is filled with a shift catalyst and functions as a CO shift processor (first processor 32).
- 60 may be configured as a single-function gas separation device that selectively permeates carbon dioxide and water vapor from the first mixed gas containing carbon dioxide gas, hydrogen gas, and water vapor gas without charging the shift catalyst.
- the gas flowing into the spaces 40 and 60 is not the gas to be transformed but the first mixed gas.
- the first mixed gas is not limited to the gas after the CO shift treatment.
- the cylindrical first separation membrane 33 illustrated in FIG. 11 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical support 92 as shown in FIG. 19 regardless of whether the space 60 is filled with the shift catalyst.
- the separation functional layer 91 is formed. Further, the inner surface type cylindrical structure in which the separation functional layer 91 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical support 92 is applicable not only to the first separation membrane 33 but also to the second separation membrane 34.
- the separation membranes 33 and 34 of the inner surface type cylindrical structure are bundled with a large number of produced separation membranes and are difficult to damage the coating layer. Is more preferable.
- the cross section may be a polygonal cylinder.
- the configuration of the first separation membrane 33 is a PVA / PAA copolymer salt containing cesium carbonate as a CO 2 carrier as a separation functional layer 91 inside a cylindrical porous support 92 having a thickness of 0.5 mm. This layer is formed.
- the evaluation conditions for the membrane performance are as follows. The temperature is 160 ° C., the composition ratio of the first mixed gas is CO 2 : 19%, H 2 : 19%, H 2 O: 62%, and the flow rate of the first mixed gas is 2.15 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / min, the supply side pressure is 800 kPa, and the permeation side pressure is 780 kPa.
- the CO 2 permeance is 2.26 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 (mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa))
- the CO 2 / H 2 selectivity is 282
- the steam permeance is 1.98 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 (mol). / (M 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa))
- the configuration of the second separation membrane 34 is that a PVA / PAA copolymer salt layer not containing a CO 2 carrier is provided as a separation functional layer 91 inside a cylindrical porous support 92 having a thickness of 0.5 mm. Formed.
- the evaluation conditions for the membrane performance are as follows. The temperature is 150 ° C., the composition ratio of the second mixed gas is CO 2 : 5%, H 2 O: 95%, and the flow rate of the second mixed gas is 6.55 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mol / min.
- the supply side pressure is 300 kPa, and the permeation side pressure is atmospheric pressure.
- the steam permeance is 6.99 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 (mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa)) and the steam / CO 2 selectivity is 1085, and the membrane structure has high separation performance. It is shown that
- the first advantage (securing the CO 2 partial pressure difference) will be described in detail. Since the propulsive force through which the gas permeates the separation membrane is a partial pressure difference, the gas does not permeate if the partial pressure difference between the supply side and the permeation side disappears.
- the partial pressure on the supply side of the gas selectively permeated in the mixed gas decreases according to the flow direction of the supply gas, and conversely, the partial pressure on the transmission side increases. Therefore, according to the flow direction of the supply gas, the partial pressure difference between the supply side and the permeation side becomes small, and the permeation amount decreases.
- the permeation amount increases because the partial pressure on the supply side increases and the partial pressure difference increases according to the flow direction of the supply gas.
- the partial pressure of the permeate gas on the permeate side can be reduced by flowing the sweep gas to the permeate side, the high recovery rate and high purity can be obtained with the same membrane area than when the sweep gas is not flowed. A permeate gas is obtained. Further, when the same recovery rate is set, the required membrane area is reduced, and a high-purity gas can be obtained.
- Sweep gas is simply if the sole purpose of removing CO 2 in the feed gas, although the may be an inert gas such as Ar, the CO 2 in the gas passing through the CO 2 selective permeation membrane If it is desired to use it, use of a gas such as Ar as a sweep gas requires separation from Ar and CO 2 , so that it cannot be used practically.
- a gas such as Ar as a sweep gas
- steam is used for the sweep gas, only the steam can be easily removed by liquefying the steam by cooling. Therefore, by flowing the steam that has passed through the second separation membrane (steam selective permeable membrane) to the permeation side of the first separation membrane (CO 2 selective permeable membrane) as a sweep gas, compared with the case where the first separation membrane is used alone.
- the first separation membrane is not a facilitated transport membrane, but a separation membrane based on a dissolution / diffusion mechanism that separates the gas by the difference in the solubility of the gas in the membrane material and the diffusion rate of the gas in the membrane. But the same is true.
- Purity and recovery rate are as follows.
- the components in the dry gas that permeate the membrane are, for example, A and B, and the concentrations of A and B are a (%) and b (%), respectively, a is the purity (%) of A.
- the supply flow rate of A is x (mol / min) and the permeation flow rate is y (mol / min), (y / x) ⁇ 100 is the recovery rate (%) of A.
- Flow rate of the first mixed gas 1 (mol / s) Composition of first mixed gas: CO 2 : 19%, H 2 : 19%, H 2 O: 62% Supply side pressure: 800 kPa Permeation side pressure: 300kPa CO 2 permeance: 2.26 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 (mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa)) CO 2 / H 2 selectivity: 282 Steam permeance: 1.98 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 (mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa))
- a combination of CO 2 selectively permeable membrane and steam permselective membrane when supplying steam transmitted through the steam permselective membrane to the permeate side of the CO 2 selectively permeable membrane, operation conditions and the values of permeability using respect CO 2 selectively permeable membrane Is the same as the value of the CO 2 permselective membrane alone, and the operating conditions and permeation performance of the steam selective permeation membrane are the same as those of the embodiment of the second separation membrane 34 having the cylindrical structure of the inner surface type described in the above ⁇ 8>. Based on the results, the following values were used.
- the CO 2 selective permeation membrane alone had a CO 2 purity of 89%, whereas the CO 2 selective permeation membrane and steam selective permeation membrane combined had a CO 2 purity of 99%.
- the CO 2 permeation performance of the CO 2 facilitated transport membrane is affected by the relative humidity of the supply side gas.
- water is involved in the reaction between CO 2 and the CO 2 carrier in the membrane. Therefore, the higher the moisture content in the membrane, the faster the CO 2 permeation rate, and the moisture content in the membrane is on the supply side. This is because the higher the relative humidity of the gas, the greater.
- the evaluation results are as follows. From the following evaluation results, when steam (sweep gas) is supplied to the permeation side of the CO 2 facilitated transport membrane, the degree of decrease in relative humidity is lower than when steam (sweep gas) is not supplied to the permeation side. It can be seen that as a result, the permeation rate of CO 2 is increased.
- the temperature becomes 100 ° C. or higher.
- the steam may be at a temperature of less than 100 ° C. If the steam partial pressure is a pressure equal to or lower than the saturated water vapor pressure at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower (the total pressure is reduced to a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure by a pump or the like), steam is in a gas state. It is possible to reuse steam.
- the structure of the first separation membrane includes glycine as a CO 2 carrier and cesium hydroxide as a deprotonating agent for glycine as a separation functional layer inside a cylindrical porous support having a thickness of 0.5 mm. A layer of PVA / PAA copolymer salt is formed.
- the evaluation conditions for the membrane performance are as follows.
- the temperature is 80 ° C.
- the composition ratio of the first mixed gas is CO 2 : 8%, H 2 : 73%, H 2 O: 19%
- the flow rate of the first mixed gas is 4.03 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mol / min
- the supply side pressure is 200 kPa
- the permeation side pressure is atmospheric pressure.
- the CO 2 permeance is 9.71 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 (mol / (m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ kPa))
- the CO 2 / H 2 selectivity is 196, which is high even at a temperature of less than 100 ° C. It has been shown to have separation performance.
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Abstract
Description
CH4 + H2O ⇔ CO + 3H2
CO + H2O ⇔ CO2 + H2
CO2+CO3 2-+H2O → 2HCO3-
材料の異なる第1分離膜及び第2分離膜を備えており、
前記第1分離膜は、前記第1混合ガスが供給されると、前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離し、
前記第2分離膜は、前記第2混合ガスが供給されると、前記第2混合ガスに含まれる水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第2混合ガスから水蒸気を分離することを特徴とする。
第1混合ガスの組成: CO2:19%、H2:19%、H2O:62%
供給側圧力: 800kPa
透過側圧力: 300kPa
CO2パーミアンス: 2.26×10-5(mol/(m2・s・kPa))
CO2/H2選択性: 282
スチームパーミアンス: 1.98×10-4(mol/(m2・s・kPa))
スチーム選択透過膜の透過側圧力: 大気圧
スチームパーミアンス: 6.99×10-4(mol/(m2・s・kPa))
スチーム/CO2選択性: 1085
第1混合ガスの組成: CO2:7%、H2:46%、H2O:47%
供給側圧力: 400kPa
透過側圧力: 大気圧
CO2パーミアンス: 1.75×10-5(mol/(m2・s・kPa))
CO2/H2選択性: 563
供給側の入口相対湿度: 70%
供給側の出口相対湿度: 52%
CO2パーミアンス: 1.18×10-5(mol/(m2・s・kPa))
CO2/H2選択性: 545
供給側の入口相対湿度: 70%
供給側の出口相対湿度: 29%
1a,1b: ガス分離装置
11: PVA/PAA塩共重合体ゲル膜
12: 親水性多孔膜
13、14: 疎水性多孔膜
20: 本発明のメンブレンリアクター
30: メンブレンリアクター
31: 水蒸気改質器
32: CO変成処理部(第1処理部)
33: CO2促進輸送膜、第1分離膜
34: 第2分離膜
36: 第2処理部
38: 循環手段
40: 空間
41: ゲル膜
42: セラミックス製支持膜
43、47、48: 空間
50: サンプル
51: 流通式ガス透過セル
52: 原料側室
53: 透過側室
54: 冷却トラップ
55: 背圧調整器
56: 冷却トラップ
57: ガスクロマトグラフ
58: 定量送液ポンプ
60: 空間
61: ゲル膜
62: セラミックス製支持膜
63: 空間
64: 管路
71: 混合ガス供給源
72: 第1処理部
73: 空間
74: 管路
75: 第2処理部
76: 空間
80: 管路
81: 蒸気利用機構
82: 第3処理部
83: 第3分離膜
Claims (14)
- 所定の主成分ガスに少なくとも二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素と水蒸気を個別に分離するガス分離装置であって、
材料の異なる第1分離膜及び第2分離膜を備えており、
前記第1分離膜は、前記第1混合ガスが供給されると、前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離し、
前記第2分離膜は、前記第2混合ガスが供給されると、前記第2混合ガスに含まれる水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第2混合ガスから水蒸気を分離することを特徴とするガス分離装置。 - 前記第1分離膜は、前記第1混合ガスが100℃以上で供給された場合に、前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記第2分離膜を透過した水蒸気を、前記第2分離膜よりも前段に供給して再利用することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のガス分離装置。
- 前記第2分離膜を透過した水蒸気を、前記第1分離膜の後段側に、前記第1分離膜に対するスイープガスとして供給することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のガス分離装置。
- 一酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む被変成ガスに対してCO変成処理を行うメンブレンリアクターであって、
占有空間の外周面の少なくとも一部に第1分離膜が形成され、内部にCO変成触媒が充填される第1処理部と、
占有空間の外周面の少なくとも一部に前記第1分離膜とは異なる材料の第2分離膜が形成された第2処理部とを有し、
前記第1処理部は、
100℃以上の温度条件下で前記CO変成触媒によって前記被変成ガスを変成処理して、水素、二酸化炭素、及び水蒸気を含む第1混合ガスを生成するとともに、前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を前記第1分離膜に対して選択的に透過させ、
前記第2処理部は、
前記第1分離膜を透過した二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスが供給されるとともに、前記第2混合ガスに含まれる水蒸気を前記第2分離膜に対して選択的に透過することを特徴とするメンブレンリアクター。 - 前記第1処理部及び前記第2処理部が、同一の筐体内に設置されていることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のメンブレンリアクター。
- 前記第1処理部及び前記第2処理部が、軸心を共通にする円筒状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のメンブレンリアクター。
- 前記第1処理部に備えられた前記第1分離膜が、100℃以上の温度条件下でCO2/H2選択性能を有するCO2促進輸送膜であって、炭酸セシウム若しくは重炭酸セシウム若しくは水酸化セシウムからなる添加剤をハイドロゲル膜内に含んで構成されたゲル層を、100℃以上の耐熱性を有した親水性の多孔膜に担持させてなることを特徴とする請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載のメンブレンリアクター。
- 前記第1処理部に備えられた前記第1分離膜が、100℃以上の温度条件下でCO2/H2選択性能を有するCO2促進輸送膜であって、炭酸ルビジウム若しくは重炭酸ルビジウム若しくは水酸化ルビジウムからなる添加剤をハイドロゲル膜内に含んで構成されたゲル層を、100℃以上の耐熱性を有した親水性の多孔膜に担持させてなることを特徴とする請求項5~7の何れか1項に記載のメンブレンリアクター。
- 請求項5~9の何れか1項に記載のメンブレンリアクターと、内部に改質触媒が充填された改質器を備えた水素製造装置であって、
前記第1処理部内の前記第1分離膜を透過しない、水素を主成分とする目的ガスを前記第1処理部から出力する構成であり、
前記改質器は、炭化水素を含む被改質ガスと水蒸気が供給され、前記改質触媒によって前記被改質ガスを改質処理することで前記被変成ガスを生成して前記第1処理部に出力する構成であり、
前記第2処理部内の前記第2分離膜を透過した水蒸気が、前記改質器、又は前記第1処理部の前記第1分離膜の上流側若しくは下流側の少なくとも何れか一に流入する構成であることを特徴とする水素製造装置。 - 前記第2分離膜と同一の材料を有する第3分離膜を有した第3処理部を備え、
前記第3処理部は、前記第1処理部において前記第1分離膜を透過しなかった前記第1混合ガスの残存ガスに含まれる水蒸気を選択的に透過させることで、前記第1混合ガスから水蒸気を分離する構成であり、
前記第3処理部内の前記第3分離膜を透過した水蒸気が、前記改質器、又は前記第1処理部の前記第1分離膜の上流側若しくは下流側の少なくとも何れか一に流入する構成であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の水素製造装置。 - 所定の主成分ガスに少なくとも二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素と水蒸気に個別に分離するガス分離方法であって、
前記第1混合ガスを第1分離膜の表面に接触するように供給することで、前記第1分離膜に対して前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させて、前記第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離し、
更に前記第2混合ガスを前記第1分離膜とは異なる材料の第2分離膜の表面に接触するように供給することで、前記第2分離膜に対して前記第2混合ガスに含まれる水蒸気を選択的に透過させて、前記第2混合ガスから水蒸気を分離することを特徴とするガス分離方法。 - 前記第1混合ガスを100℃以上の温度で第1分離膜の表面に接触するように供給することで、前記第1分離膜に対して前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させて、前記第1混合ガスから二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離することを特徴とする請求項12に記載のガス分離方法。
- 炭化水素を含む被改質ガスと水蒸気が供給され、改質触媒によって前記被改質ガスに対して改質処理を行うことで、一酸化炭素、水素、及び水蒸気を含む被変成ガスを生成する改質ステップと、
前記被変成ガスが供給され、100℃以上の温度条件下で、変成触媒によって前記被変成ガスに対してCO変成処理を行うことで、水素、二酸化炭素、及び水蒸気を含む第1混合ガスを生成する変成ステップと、
前記第1混合ガスを第1分離膜の表面に接触するように供給することで、前記第1分離膜に対して前記第1混合ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を選択的に透過させて、前記第1混合ガスから当該第1分離膜を透過する二酸化炭素及び水蒸気を含む第2混合ガスを分離するとともに、前記第1分離膜を透過しない水素を主成分とする目的ガスを回収する第1分離ステップと、
更に前記第2混合ガスを前記第1分離膜とは異なる材料の第2分離膜の表面に接触するように供給することで、前記第2分離膜に対して前記第2混合ガスに含まれる水蒸気を選択的に透過させて、前記第2混合ガスから当該第2分離膜を透過する水蒸気を分離する第2分離ステップと、を有し、
前記変成ステップと前記第1分離ステップは、同一の処理機構内において並行して行われ、
前記変成ステップにおいて、前記第2分離ステップで回収された水蒸気の少なくとも一部を反応に利用することを特徴とする水素製造方法。
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JP5555332B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2656899A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
AU2011345735A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
CN103269768B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
EP2656899B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
RU2013134462A (ru) | 2015-01-27 |
US9242206B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
EP2656899A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
US20130287678A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
CA2816688A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
RU2541064C1 (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
CA2816688C (en) | 2016-05-03 |
AU2011345735B2 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
CN103269768A (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
KR101330336B1 (ko) | 2013-11-15 |
US20140290479A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
US8784531B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CA2897623C (en) | 2016-08-16 |
KR20130049831A (ko) | 2013-05-14 |
JPWO2012086836A1 (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
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