JP2017006820A - 二酸化炭素分離方法及び二酸化炭素分離装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素分離方法及び二酸化炭素分離装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 400
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- -1 alkali metal bicarbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 155
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001665 Poly-4-vinylphenol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].OC([O-])=O ZMCUDHNSHCRDBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KEDRKJFXBSLXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;rubidium(1+);carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].OC([O-])=O KEDRKJFXBSLXSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]C([O-])=O WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000026 rubidium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D63/107—Specific properties of the central tube or the permeate channel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
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Abstract
Description
2.5kPaA<(透過気体の圧力)<(混合気体の水蒸気分圧) ・・・(1)
(混合気体の水蒸気分圧)×0.25<(透過気体の圧力)<(混合気体の水蒸気分圧) ・・・・・・(2)
下記に示す条件と前提とを用いて、分離膜モジュールの二酸化炭素の処理量を計算した。結果を表1に示す。
(組成)
総流量:1Nm3/h
CO2 :0.2 Nm3/h(20vol%−wet)
H2O :表1に記載の水蒸気分圧相当
H2 :CO2とH2Oを除いた残り組成
(温度・湿度・圧力)
表1に記載の通り。
・分離膜モジュールの透過側へのスイープガスの供給はなしとした。
・分離膜モジュールに供給される混合気体と分離膜モジュールから排出される透過気体との温度差は0℃とした。
・二酸化炭素の透過度は、分離膜モジュールの供給側を流通する混合気体の湿度に影響する図3の依存性を示すものとした。
・H2は分離膜モジュールに備わる二酸化炭素分離膜を透過しないとした。
表1に示す条件の混合気体に対して分離膜モジュールにおける透過気体の圧力を変えた場合の、二酸化炭素の除去率(=100×透過気体の二酸化炭素流量/混合気体の二酸化炭素流量)が50%となる、残余混合気体(分離膜モジュールに備わる二酸化炭素分離膜を透過しなかった気体)と透過気体(分離膜モジュールに備わる二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した気体)との条件を計算した。具体的な計算手順は以下の通りである。
2.分離膜モジュールが備える二酸化炭素分離膜の二酸化炭素透過度として、与えた混合気体の湿度と1.で得られた残余混合気体の湿度と図3より、混合気体と残余混合気体とにおける二酸化炭素透過度を求め、それらの平均値を計算した。
3.分離膜モジュールの供給側と透過側とにおける気体のそれぞれに含まれる二酸化炭素の分圧から、膜透過の推進力となる分圧差を求めた。分離膜モジュール入口における二酸化炭素の分圧差は、二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した二酸化炭素はゼロであるため、与えた混合気体に含まれる二酸化炭素の分圧と等しいとした。一方、分離膜モジュール出口における二酸化炭素の分圧差は、1.で得られた残余混合気体と透過気体とのそれぞれに含まれる二酸化炭素の分圧の差とした。得られた分離膜モジュールの入口と出口とにおける二酸化炭素の分圧差から求めた平均値を、分離膜モジュールの二酸化炭素の分圧差とした。
4.2.で得られた分離膜モジュールの二酸化炭素透過度と3.で得られた二酸化炭素分圧差とから、下記式を用いて、分離膜モジュールの単位膜面積当たりの二酸化炭素の処理量(透過気体の二酸化炭素流量)を計算した。
分離膜モジュールの単位膜面積当たりの二酸化炭素の処理量[mol/s/m2]
= 分離膜モジュールの二酸化炭素透過度[mol/s/kPa/m2]
× 分離膜モジュールの二酸化炭素分圧差[kPa]
4 積層体
5 集ガス管
A 調整器(温湿度調整手段)
B 背圧調整器(圧力調整手段)
M 二酸化炭素分離膜モジュール
M1 スパイラル型二酸化炭素分離膜エレメント
41 二酸化炭素分離膜
42 供給側流路材
43 透過側流路材
44 供給口
45 排出口
52 排出口
Claims (11)
- 少なくとも二酸化炭素と水蒸気とを含む混合気体を、親水性樹脂と二酸化炭素キャリアとを含む二酸化炭素分離膜に供給する混合気体供給工程と、
前記二酸化炭素分離膜によって二酸化炭素を含む透過気体を前記混合気体から分離する二酸化炭素分離工程と、
前記二酸化炭素分離膜に供給される混合気体と前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体との温度差を0℃以上20℃以下の範囲となるように前記二酸化炭素分離膜と接する気体の温度を調整する温度調整工程と、
前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体の圧力を調整する圧力調整工程とを有する二酸化炭素の分離方法であって、
前記二酸化炭素分離膜に供給される混合気体の水蒸気分圧と、前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体の圧力とが、下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする二酸化炭素分離方法。
2.5kPaA<(透過気体の圧力)<(混合気体の水蒸気分圧) ・・・(1) - 前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体の圧力が、圧力調整手段によって調整される請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素分離方法。
- 前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体の圧力が、透過気体の流路構造による圧力損失を利用することにより調整される請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素分離方法。
- 前記二酸化炭素分離膜と接する気体の温度が、温度調整手段によって調整される請求項1から3のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離方法。
- 前記二酸化炭素分離膜に供給される混合気体の水蒸気分圧と、前記二酸化炭素分離膜を透過した透過気体の圧力とが、さらに下記式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離方法。
(混合気体の水蒸気分圧)×0.25<(透過気体の圧力)<(混合気体の水蒸気分圧) ・・・・・・(2) - 前記二酸化炭素分離膜に供給される混合気体が、温度50℃以上140℃以下の範囲および相対湿度50%RH以上100%RH以下の範囲である請求項1から5のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離方法。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離方法に用いる二酸化炭素分離装置であって、
親水性樹脂と二酸化炭素キャリアとを含む二酸化炭素分離膜により供給側と透過側とに隔てられた構造を有する1基以上の二酸化炭素分離膜モジュールと、
前記二酸化炭素分離膜モジュールが有する供給側入口に供給される混合気体と透過側出口から排出される透過気体から排出される透過気体との温度差を調整する温度調整手段と、
前記透過側出口から排出される透過気体の圧力を調整する圧力調整手段と
を備えることを特徴とする二酸化炭素分離装置。 - 前記二酸化炭素キャリアが、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属重炭酸塩及びアルカリ金属水酸化物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物である請求項7記載の二酸化炭素分離装置。
- 前記二酸化炭素キャリアが、炭酸セシウム及び水酸化セシウムの少なくとも一方を含んでいる請求項7または8記載の二酸化炭素分離装置。
- 前記二酸化炭素分離膜が、中空糸状、管状またはスパイラル状である請求項7から9のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離装置。
- 前記二酸化炭素分離膜に供給される混合気体の温度および相対湿度を調整する温湿度調整手段をさらに備えた請求項7から10のいずれか記載の二酸化炭素分離装置。
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