WO2012043217A1 - 複数の要素をグループ化する方法、プログラムおよび装置 - Google Patents
複数の要素をグループ化する方法、プログラムおよび装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method, a program, and an apparatus for grouping a plurality of elements.
- Patent Document 1 describes an assembling plan planning method for creating a plan for combining a plurality of orders of shaped steel products having different dimensions and quantities from a plurality of materials having different dimensions before rolling or after rolling. More specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses a grouping step for classifying materials into a plurality of groups according to dimensions, and an assembling pattern for one material under predetermined patterning conditions according to the dimensions of an order. And a pattern selection step for selecting a pattern necessary for assembling the materials by determining the allocation of the group and the pattern according to at least an evaluation function representing the yield of the material. An assortment planning method characterized by this is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes an automatic plate cutting method for a component in which components are arranged on a plate material based on the component data and the plate material data. More specifically, Patent Document 2 describes a step of determining the yield of a plate material on which a component is arranged, and a plate material having a specified yield or less at a predetermined position on the plate material. An automatic plate cutting method for a part including an editing process is described.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for planning a steel material division in a steel storage site, in which a plurality of target steel materials waiting for supply to the next process or awaiting shipment in a steel process are divided into a plurality of steel material piles based on predetermined pile restrictions. Yes. More specifically, in Patent Document 3, a set of feasible mountains that is a subset of the target steel material is generated, and combinations of realizable mountains from the feasible mountain set so that each of the target steel materials does not leak and overlap each other. A steel material divide plan method is described in which a constraint (set partition constraint) for obtaining the value is set, and a combination of feasible mountains that optimizes the evaluation function based on the set partition constraint is calculated.
- set partition constraint for obtaining the value
- Patent Document 1 JP 2009-251683
- Patent Document 2 JP 2001-184112
- Patent Document 3 JP 2007-137612
- the ordered steel sheet may include a special-sized steel sheet that is extremely small or extremely slender compared to the average steel sheet size.
- not only the steel plate but also a plurality of elements each having a size may be grouped according to a predetermined condition. Even in such a case, when elements deviating from the average size are included, it is very difficult to group a plurality of elements so as to satisfy a predetermined condition.
- the manufacturing flow of the steel plate (product board) concerning this embodiment is shown.
- the functional structure of the grouping apparatus 10 which concerns on this embodiment is shown.
- the processing flow of the grouping apparatus 10 which concerns on this embodiment is shown.
- an example of a procedure for cutting a product plate from a material plate is shown.
- a layout pattern generation method showing a position where a product plate is cut out from a material plate by the grouping apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described.
- An element evaluation value g (i) for evaluating each product plate is shown.
- An example of a group evaluation value f (p) for evaluating a layout pattern is shown.
- An example of the graph showing the appearance number with respect to each product board is shown.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of a graph representing the number of appearances after the nth end for the product plates sorted in the order of appearance numbers when the element evaluation values are not updated.
- B of FIG. 10 shows an example of a graph representing the number of appearances after the nth end for the product plates sorted in the order of appearance numbers when the element evaluation values are updated.
- 2 shows an exemplary hardware configuration of a computer 1900 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a manufacturing flow of a steel plate (product plate) according to this embodiment.
- the steelworks manufactures a flat steel plate having a rectangular plane according to an order from a customer.
- the steel plate which has a rectangular plane manufactured according to a customer's order is called a product board.
- the size (horizontal width, vertical width) of the ordered product plate is input to the computer (S11). Subsequently, after receiving an order for a predetermined number of product plates or more, a plurality of layouts showing positions where a plurality of ordered product plates are cut out from a plurality of long steel plates manufactured by rolling by a computer A pattern is created (S12).
- a long steel plate manufactured by rolling is referred to as a material plate.
- a plurality of material plates having the sizes shown in the created plurality of layout patterns are manufactured by rolling at the steel mill (S13). Subsequently, in the steelworks, each of the plurality of material plates is cut according to the corresponding layout pattern (S14). Thereby, a plurality of product plates having a size according to the order can be manufactured at the steelworks.
- the layout creation processing in step S12 is executed by the grouping apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the grouping device 10 is realized by a computer.
- the grouping device 10 groups a plurality of elements without duplication so that a plurality of elements each having a size are all contained within a plurality of predetermined set sizes.
- the grouping device 10 includes a plurality of product plates in a plurality of set shapes in order to cut out a plurality of product plates, each of which has a rectangular shape, from a material plate having a rectangular set shape. Lay out so that all are included without duplication.
- the grouping apparatus 10 may lay out a plurality of elements having other shapes in the set shape without being limited to the product plate.
- the grouping device 10 includes a plurality of elements each having a two-dimensional shape or a three-dimensional shape within a plurality of predetermined setting shapes (for example, a two-dimensional shape or a three-dimensional shape) without any overlap.
- a plurality of elements may be grouped and laid out.
- FIG. 2 shows a functional configuration of the grouping apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the grouping device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a group generation unit 12 and a group selection unit 14.
- the group generation unit 12 receives a plurality of elements each having a size.
- generation part 12 receives the shape of the product board which each has planar size (horizontal width, vertical width).
- the group generation unit 12 receives the shape of several hundred product plates.
- the group generation unit 12 generates a plurality of groups each including at least one element of the received plurality of elements. For example, the group generation unit 12 generates a plurality of group candidates in which at least one element is combined so that the combined size falls within a predetermined set size. In this case, the group generation unit 12 generates a plurality of groups while allowing the same element to be included repeatedly between one group and another group.
- the group generation unit 12 generates a candidate group of a plurality of layout patterns that combine the shapes of at least one product plate used to cut out at least one product plate from the material plate.
- the group generation unit 12 generates a layout pattern by combining at least one product plate at random or in accordance with a predetermined condition so that the combined shape falls within the shape (set shape) of the material plate.
- the setting shape which is the shape of a material board may be changeable in a certain fixed range as an example.
- the group generation unit 12 generates a plurality of layout patterns by allowing the same product plate to be included between one layout pattern and another layout pattern.
- the group generation unit 12 generates a group (for example, a layout pattern) that is 100 times (for example, several tens of thousands) of the received number of elements (for example, several hundreds), more preferably 200 times or more.
- the group generation unit 12 sets the upper limit of a group (for example, a layout pattern) to be generated to 1000 times or less, more preferably 400 times or less, more preferably 300 times or less of the number of received elements.
- the group selection unit 14 selects a plurality of groups including all of the plurality of elements without duplication from among a plurality of group candidates generated by the group generation unit 12. In this case, the group selection unit 14 selects a plurality of groups that minimize the total of the set sizes used for combining the elements included in the group.
- the group selection unit 14 selects a plurality of layout patterns including all of the plurality of product plates without duplication from among a plurality of layout pattern candidates generated by the group generation unit 12. In this case, the group selection unit 14 selects a plurality of layout patterns that minimize the total size of the material plates.
- the group selection unit 14 selects a plurality of groups (for example, layout patterns) including all of a plurality of elements (for example, a plurality of product plates) without duplication using integer programming. Further, as a result of minimizing the total set size (for example, the total size of the material plates), the group selecting unit 14 may not actually have the minimum set size. In other words, the group selection unit 14 may select a plurality of groups (for example, a plurality of layout patterns) by an algorithm that gives a high evaluation to a solution with a smaller total set size. *
- FIG. 3 shows a processing flow of the grouping apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the grouping apparatus 10 executes the processing of steps S21 to S28 shown in FIG.
- Each process of step S21 to step S27 corresponds to a process executed by the group generation unit 12.
- the processing in step S28 corresponds to the processing executed by the group selection unit 14. *
- the grouping apparatus 10 selects at least one candidate element that is a candidate to be included in one group from a plurality of elements each having a size. In this case, the grouping apparatus 10 selects at least one candidate element so that the combined size of the plurality of elements is within a predetermined set size.
- the grouping apparatus 10 allows at least one candidate to be included in one group from a plurality of elements by allowing the same element to be selected redundantly with the generated group. Select an element.
- the grouping apparatus 10 changes the set size within the predetermined limit so that the combined size is within the set size. , Select at least one candidate element.
- the grouping device 10 selects at least one candidate product plate as a candidate to be included in one layout pattern from among a plurality of product plates.
- the grouping device 10 selects at least one product plate from a plurality of product plates so that a combined shape obtained by combining the product plates is within a predetermined set shape of the material plate.
- the grouping device 10 allows the same product plate to be selected redundantly with the generated layout pattern and includes it in one layout pattern from a plurality of product plates. At least one product plate is selected.
- step S22 the grouping apparatus 10 is based on each element evaluation value of at least one candidate element selected in the element selection stage (S21) and the group evaluation value of the group including at least one candidate element. Then, it is determined whether or not at least one selected candidate element is grouped. In this example, in step S22, the grouping apparatus 10 determines each element evaluation value of the selected at least one candidate product plate, and the group evaluation value of the layout pattern including at least one candidate product plate. Based on the above, it is determined whether or not to generate a layout pattern. Details of the element evaluation value and the group evaluation value will be described later.
- the grouping device 10 If it is determined not to be a group (NG in S22), the grouping device 10 returns the process to step S21 and proceeds with the process for the next group. When it determines with it being set as a group (OK of S22), the grouping apparatus 10 advances a process to step S23.
- step S23 the grouping apparatus 10 groups at least one candidate element selected in the element selection stage (S21) on the condition that it is determined to be a group in the determination stage (S22).
- the grouping apparatus 10 determines that a layout pattern including at least one candidate product plate selected in the element selection step (S21) is determined, for example, a server, on the condition that it is determined to generate a layout pattern. Register with.
- step S24 the grouping apparatus 10 determines whether or not an element evaluation value update condition has been reached.
- the grouping apparatus 10 can generate a predetermined number of groups using the current element evaluation value (for example, when 1000 groups can be generated), and can update the element evaluation value as an update condition. Judge that it has reached.
- the grouping apparatus 10 If the update condition for the element evaluation value has not been reached (No in S24), the grouping apparatus 10 returns the process to step S21 and proceeds with the process for the next group. When the element evaluation value update condition is reached (Yes in S24), the grouping apparatus 10 advances the process to step S25.
- step S25 the grouping apparatus 10 determines whether or not a group generation processing end condition has been reached.
- the grouping device 10 has a case where the processing time reaches a preset setting time or when a preset number of groups can be generated (for example, when tens of thousands of groups can be generated). It is determined that the end condition has been reached.
- step S25 If the end condition has not been reached (No in S25), the grouping device 10 advances the process to step S26. If the end condition has been reached (Yes in S25), the process proceeds to step S27.
- step S26 the grouping apparatus 10 weights each element evaluation value of at least one element according to the number of the elements included in the generated group and reflects it in subsequent group generation.
- the grouping apparatus 10 updates the element evaluation value of at least one element to a smaller value as the number of the elements included in the plurality of generated groups increases.
- the grouping device 10 updates each element evaluation value of at least one product board according to the number of the product boards included in the generated layout pattern, and the subsequent layout. Reflect in pattern generation.
- step S26 the process returns to step S21 to proceed with the process for the next group.
- step S27 the grouping device 10 generates a group including a single element for at least some of the plurality of elements.
- the grouping apparatus 10 generates a group that includes only the element and does not include other elements for all of the plurality of elements.
- the grouping apparatus 10 registers, for example, a layout pattern that includes only the product plate and does not include other product plates, for example, in the server.
- the grouping device 10 may be configured not to execute step S27.
- the grouping device 10 includes each of a plurality of elements without duplication from the plurality of groups generated in the group generation stage (S23) and the single element generation stage (S27), In addition, a plurality of groups that minimize the total of the set sizes used for selecting candidate elements are selected.
- the grouping apparatus 10 includes all of the plurality of product plates without duplication from the generated plurality of layout patterns, and the setting used for selecting the candidate product plate. A plurality of layout patterns that minimize the sum of the shapes (material plate sizes) are selected.
- a plurality of groups including a plurality of elements having various sizes without duplication can be easily generated.
- a layout pattern that can efficiently cut out a plurality of product plates partially including a special size from a plurality of material plates can be easily generated.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a procedure for cutting a product plate from a material plate in the present embodiment.
- a steel mill when a plurality of product plates are cut out from a rolled long material plate, cutting is performed according to a predetermined procedure.
- the material plate is cut along the short side direction.
- the second cutting process the material plate is cut along the long side direction.
- the third cutting process the material plate is cut in the short side direction.
- FIG. 5 shows a layout pattern generation method indicating the position where the product plate is cut out from the material plate by the grouping apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the grouping device 10 When the grouping device 10 generates a single layout pattern by combining a plurality of product plates, the grouping device 10 generates a layout pattern by connecting the plurality of product plates in a procedure reverse to the procedure of cutting the product plate from the material plate. .
- the grouping apparatus 10 can generate a layout pattern that can actually be cut at an ironworks.
- the grouping apparatus 10 selects any two or more patterns from the plurality of product plates. And the grouping apparatus 10 produces
- the grouping apparatus 10 selects any two or more patterns among the plurality of product plate patterns and the plurality of first patterns. Then, the grouping apparatus 10 generates a plurality of second patterns by connecting two or more selected patterns in a second direction (for example, the vertical direction) perpendicular to the first direction.
- a second direction for example, the vertical direction
- the grouping device 10 selects any two or more patterns among the plurality of product plate patterns, the plurality of first patterns, and the plurality of second patterns. Then, the grouping device 10 generates a plurality of layout patterns by connecting two or more selected patterns in the first direction.
- the grouping device 10 generates a pattern so that the combined shape after the connection is within the set shape of the material plate in any of the first-time procedure, the second-time procedure, and the third-time procedure.
- the set shape of the material plate may be changeable within a predetermined range in the long side direction, for example.
- the grouping device 10 determines whether or not to register the layout pattern generated in this way, an element evaluation value for evaluating each product plate included in the layout pattern, and a group evaluation for evaluating the layout pattern. Judgment is made by an expression using values.
- FIG. 6 shows element evaluation values g (i) for evaluating each product plate.
- the grouping apparatus 10 stores an element evaluation value g (i) in association with each ordered product plate (i).
- i represents a natural number index for identifying each product plate.
- the element evaluation value g (i) represents the relative value in the ordered group of product plates. More specifically, the element evaluation value g (i) is small if the corresponding product plate is likely to be included in the layout pattern, and large if the corresponding product plate is not likely to be included in the layout pattern. Is the value.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the group evaluation value f (p) for evaluating the layout pattern.
- the grouping device 10 calculates a group evaluation value f (p) for evaluating the layout pattern, and determines whether or not to register the layout pattern.
- the group evaluation value f (p) is an area of a composite shape (composite shape size) obtained by combining selected product plates with respect to an area of a layout pattern (ie, a set size of a material plate) ) Ratio (satisfaction ratio) multiplied by 100 (yield rate). That is, the group evaluation value f (p) represents an index as to whether or not the product plate can be efficiently cut out from the layout pattern.
- the grouping apparatus 10 registers the layout pattern based on the following formula (1) using the element evaluation value g (i) and the group evaluation value f (p) as described above. Determine whether.
- a is a constant and represents a preset target yield rate. For example, “a” represents a value such as 99.98.
- a represents a value such as 99.98.
- represents the number of product plates included in the layout pattern.
- ⁇ represents the sum of the element evaluation values g (i) of the respective product boards included in the layout pattern.
- the expression (1) is obtained by subtracting the group evaluation value f (p) from 100 (100 ⁇ f (p)) and the value (100 ⁇ a) obtained by subtracting the preset target yield rate from 100.
- This is an expression for determining whether the value is equal to or less than a value obtained by multiplying the average value of the element evaluation values g (i) of the respective product plates included in the layout pattern.
- the grouping apparatus 10 registers the layout pattern when the expression (1) is satisfied, and does not register the layout pattern when the expression (1) is not satisfied.
- the group evaluation value f (p) is, for example, a value (product loss rate) obtained by multiplying the ratio of the loss area obtained by subtracting the area of the composite shape from the area of the layout pattern to the area of the layout pattern (loss ratio) by 100. It may be. In this case, as an example, the grouping apparatus 10 determines whether or not to register a layout pattern based on the following formula (2).
- Equation (2) “b” is a constant and represents a preset target product loss rate.
- ” and ⁇ are the same as those in the equation (1).
- the expression (2) indicates that the group evaluation value f (p) is a predetermined product loss rate (b) and an average value of the element evaluation values g (i) of the respective product plates included in the layout pattern. This is an expression for determining whether the value is less than the multiplied value.
- the grouping apparatus 10 registers the layout pattern when the expression (2) is satisfied, and does not register the layout pattern when the expression (1) is not satisfied.
- the grouping device 10 has the group evaluation value f (p) that is an index representing the efficiency of cutting out product plates from the layout pattern, and the element evaluation value that represents the value of each product plate included in the layout pattern. Whether or not to register the layout pattern is determined based on g (i). Thereby, the grouping apparatus 10 can register with high probability a layout pattern in which a product plate having a high value among a plurality of product plates is incorporated.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a graph representing the number of appearances for each product plate.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a graph representing the maximum layout pattern including the product plate for each product plate.
- the grouping apparatus 10 sequentially updates each element evaluation value g (i) in the process of generating a large number of layout patterns (for example, tens of thousands of layout patterns).
- the grouping device 10 evaluates the value of each product board every time a predetermined number of layout patterns are generated (for example, every 1000 layout patterns are generated), and each product The element evaluation value associated with the board is updated.
- the grouping device 10 sets all the element evaluation values associated with the product plates to the same value. Then, in the process of generating a large number of layout patterns, the grouping device 10 relatively lowers the element evaluation values associated with the product boards that are included in the generated layout patterns, and has already generated the layout patterns. The element evaluation value associated with the product board with a small number included in the layout pattern is relatively increased.
- the grouping device 10 updates each element evaluation value g (i) of at least one element according to the number of elements included in the generated layout pattern and reflects it in the subsequent layout generation. be able to.
- the grouping apparatus 10 updates the element evaluation value g (i) of the index i by the following equation (3).
- equation (3) the subscript “n” represents an integer greater than or equal to 0 and indicates the number of times the element evaluation value has been updated.
- “di” represents an element (product plate) of index i.
- Equation (5) indicates the number of appearances on the product plate having the maximum number of appearances for a plurality of layout patterns generated immediately before the (n + 1) th update, as shown in FIG.
- Equation (6) shows the number of appearances on the product plate having the smallest number of appearances for a plurality of layout patterns generated immediately before the (n + 1) th update.
- Expression (7) indicates the number of appearances of the product plate di with the index i for a plurality of layout patterns generated immediately before the (n + 1) th update.
- Pn represents a layout pattern set at the end of the nth update.
- num (p, di) indicates the number of elements (product plate) di included in the layout pattern p ⁇ P.
- g n num (di) in the expression (3) is a value of 0 or more and 1 or less, and is smaller for a product plate having a relatively large number of appearances among a plurality of product plates, and the number of appearances. This is a large value for product plates with relatively small numbers.
- Equation (9) indicates the size of the maximum layout pattern among a plurality of layout patterns generated immediately before the (n + 1) th update, as shown in FIG.
- Equation (10) represents the size of the smallest layout pattern among the plurality of layout patterns generated before the (n + 1) th update.
- the formula (11) is the size of the largest layout pattern among the material plates including the product plate with the index i with respect to a plurality of layout patterns generated immediately before the (n + 1) th update.
- Indicates. wgt (p) indicates the size of the layout pattern p.
- Equation (3) is a value between 0 and 1, and is smaller for a product plate having a relatively large maximum layout pattern including the product plate,
- the maximum layout pattern including the product plate is a value that is increased for a relatively small product plate.
- the expression (3) is smaller than the product plate having a relatively large number of appearances in the element evaluation value g n (di) of the product plate with the index i updated n times.
- the maximum layout pattern including the product plate is relatively small, and the maximum layout pattern including the product plate is relatively small. Multiply by a factor of 1 or more and 2 or less (1+ (g n num (di) + g n wgt (di)) / 2), which becomes larger for a small product plate, and the index i updated n + 1 times
- the element evaluation value g n (di) of the product plate is generated.
- the grouping device 10 has a relatively small value for a product plate having a high value and a relative value for a product plate having a low value.
- the element evaluation value g (i) can be updated so that the value increases.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of a graph representing the number of appearances after the end of the nth time for product plates sorted in the order of appearance numbers when the element evaluation values are not updated.
- B of FIG. 10 shows an example of a graph representing the number of appearances after the nth end for the product plates sorted in the order of appearance numbers when the element evaluation values are updated.
- the numbers included in the plurality of layout patterns can be made uniform by the plurality of product plates.
- the grouping apparatus 10 the number of combinations of a plurality of layout patterns including a plurality of product plates without duplication increases. As a result, according to the grouping device 10, it is possible to improve the yield rate and reduce the production cost of the product plate.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a hardware configuration of a computer 1900 according to this embodiment.
- a computer 1900 according to this embodiment is connected to a CPU peripheral unit having a CPU 2000, a RAM 2020, a graphic controller 2075, and a display device 2080 that are connected to each other by a host controller 2082, and to the host controller 2082 by an input / output controller 2084.
- Input / output unit having communication interface 2030, hard disk drive 2040, and CD-ROM drive 2060, and legacy input / output unit having ROM 2010, flexible disk drive 2050, and input / output chip 2070 connected to input / output controller 2084 With.
- the host controller 2082 connects the RAM 2020 to the CPU 2000 and the graphic controller 2075 that access the RAM 2020 at a high transfer rate.
- the CPU 2000 operates based on programs stored in the ROM 2010 and the RAM 2020 and controls each unit.
- the graphic controller 2075 acquires image data generated by the CPU 2000 or the like on a frame buffer provided in the RAM 2020 and displays it on the display device 2080.
- the graphic controller 2075 may include a frame buffer for storing image data generated by the CPU 2000 or the like.
- the input / output controller 2084 connects the host controller 2082 to the communication interface 2030, the hard disk drive 2040, and the CD-ROM drive 2060, which are relatively high-speed input / output devices.
- the communication interface 2030 communicates with other devices via a network.
- the hard disk drive 2040 stores programs and data used by the CPU 2000 in the computer 1900.
- the CD-ROM drive 2060 reads a program or data from the CD-ROM 2095 and provides it to the hard disk drive 2040 via the RAM 2020.
- the ROM 2010, the flexible disk drive 2050, and the relatively low-speed input / output device of the input / output chip 2070 are connected to the input / output controller 2084.
- the ROM 2010 stores a boot program that the computer 1900 executes at startup and / or a program that depends on the hardware of the computer 1900.
- the flexible disk drive 2050 reads a program or data from the flexible disk 2090 and provides it to the hard disk drive 2040 via the RAM 2020.
- the input / output chip 2070 connects the flexible disk drive 2050 to the input / output controller 2084 and inputs / outputs various input / output devices via, for example, a parallel port, a serial port, a keyboard port, a mouse port, and the like. Connect to controller 2084.
- the program provided to the hard disk drive 2040 via the RAM 2020 is stored in a recording medium such as the flexible disk 2090, the CD-ROM 2095, or an IC card and provided by the user.
- the program is read from the recording medium, installed in the hard disk drive 2040 in the computer 1900 via the RAM 2020, and executed by the CPU 2000.
- the program installed in the computer 1900 and causing the computer 1900 to function as the grouping device 10 includes a group generation module and a group selection module. These programs or modules work on the CPU 2000 or the like to cause the computer 1900 to function as the group generation unit 12 and the group selection unit 14, respectively.
- Information processing described in these programs functions as a group generation unit 12 and a group selection unit 14 which are specific means in which software and the above-described various hardware resources cooperate with each other when read into the computer 1900. To do. And the specific grouping apparatus 10 according to the intended purpose is constructed
- the CPU 2000 executes a communication program loaded on the RAM 2020 and executes a communication interface based on the processing content described in the communication program.
- a communication process is instructed to 2030.
- the communication interface 2030 reads transmission data stored in a transmission buffer area or the like provided on a storage device such as the RAM 2020, the hard disk drive 2040, the flexible disk 2090, or the CD-ROM 2095, and sends it to the network.
- the reception data transmitted or received from the network is written into a reception buffer area or the like provided on the storage device.
- the communication interface 2030 may transfer transmission / reception data to / from the storage device by a DMA (direct memory access) method. Instead, the CPU 2000 transfers the storage device or the communication interface 2030 as a transfer source.
- the transmission / reception data may be transferred by reading the data from the data and writing the data to the communication interface 2030 or the storage device of the transfer destination.
- the CPU 2000 is all or necessary from among files or databases stored in an external storage device such as a hard disk drive 2040, a CD-ROM drive 2060 (CD-ROM 2095), and a flexible disk drive 2050 (flexible disk 2090). These parts are read into the RAM 2020 by DMA transfer or the like, and various processes are performed on the data on the RAM 2020. Then, CPU 2000 writes the processed data back to the external storage device by DMA transfer or the like. In such processing, since the RAM 2020 can be regarded as temporarily holding the contents of the external storage device, in the present embodiment, the RAM 2020 and the external storage device are collectively referred to as a memory, a storage unit, or a storage device.
- the CPU 2000 can also hold a part of the RAM 2020 in the cache memory and perform reading and writing on the cache memory. Even in such a form, the cache memory bears a part of the function of the RAM 2020. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cache memory is also included in the RAM 2020, the memory, and / or the storage device unless otherwise indicated. To do.
- the CPU 2000 performs various operations, such as various operations, information processing, condition determination, information search / replacement, etc., described in the present embodiment, specified for the data read from the RAM 2020 by the instruction sequence of the program. Is written back to the RAM 2020. For example, when performing the condition determination, the CPU 2000 determines whether or not the various variables shown in the present embodiment satisfy the conditions such as large, small, above, below, equal, etc., compared to other variables or constants. If the condition is satisfied (or not satisfied), the program branches to a different instruction sequence or calls a subroutine.
- the CPU 2000 can search for information stored in a file or database in the storage device. For example, in the case where a plurality of entries in which the attribute value of the second attribute is associated with the attribute value of the first attribute are stored in the storage device, the CPU 2000 displays the plurality of entries stored in the storage device. The entry that matches the condition in which the attribute value of the first attribute is specified is retrieved, and the attribute value of the second attribute that is stored in the entry is read, thereby associating with the first attribute that satisfies the predetermined condition The attribute value of the specified second attribute can be obtained.
- the program or module shown above may be stored in an external recording medium.
- an optical recording medium such as DVD or CD
- a magneto-optical recording medium such as MO
- a tape medium such as an IC card, and the like
- a storage device such as a hard disk or RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium, and the program may be provided to the computer 1900 via the network.
- Grouping Device 12 Group Generation Unit 14 Group Selection Unit 1900 Computer 2000 CPU 2010 ROM 2020 RAM 2030 Communication interface 2040 Hard disk drive 2050 Flexible disk drive 2060 CD-ROM drive 2070 Input / output chip 2075 Graphic controller 2080 Display device 2082 Host controller 2084 Input / output controller 2090 Flexible disk 2095 CD-ROM
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2 特開2001-184112号
特許文献3 特開2007-137612号
12 グループ生成部
14 グループ選択部
1900 コンピュータ
2000 CPU
2010 ROM
2020 RAM
2030 通信インターフェイス
2040 ハードディスクドライブ
2050 フレキシブルディスク・ドライブ
2060 CD-ROMドライブ
2070 入出力チップ
2075 グラフィック・コントローラ
2080 表示装置
2082 ホスト・コントローラ
2084 入出力コントローラ
2090 フレキシブルディスク
2095 CD-ROM
Claims (14)
- 複数の要素の中の少なくとも1つの要素をそれぞれが含む複数のグループをコンピュータにより生成する方法であって、
コンピュータにより、前記複数の要素の中から1つのグループに含める候補となる少なくとも1つの候補要素を選択する段階と、
コンピュータにより、前記選択する段階において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素のそれぞれに対応付けられた要素評価値に基づき、前記要素を選択する段階において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素をグループとするか否かを判定する段階と、
コンピュータにより、前記判定する段階においてグループとすると判定したことを条件として、前記要素を選択する段階において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素をグループ化する段階と、
コンピュータにより、少なくとも1つの要素のそれぞれの要素評価値を、生成済みのグループに含まれる当該要素の数に応じて重み付けして後のグループ生成に反映させる段階と、
を備える方法。 - 前記重み付けする段階は、コンピュータにより、少なくとも1つの要素の要素評価値を、生成済みの複数のグループに含まれる当該要素の数が少ないほど大きな値に更新する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記要素を選択する段階は、コンピュータにより、それぞれがサイズを有する前記複数の要素の中から、それぞれを組み合わせたサイズが予め定められた設定サイズ内となるように、少なくとも1つの候補要素を選択し、
前記判定する段階は、コンピュータにより、前記設定サイズに対する前記要素を選択する段階において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素を組み合わせた合成サイズの割合を示す充足割合に応じたグループ評価値に基づき、グループを生成するか否かを判定する
請求項1または2に記載の方法。 - 前記判定する段階は、コンピュータにより、前記要素を選択する段階において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素の要素評価値の平均値および前記グループ評価値に基づき、グループを生成するか否かを判定する請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記判定する段階は、コンピュータにより、前記平均値に予め設定された割合を乗じた値が、前記設定サイズに対する、前記設定サイズから前記合成サイズを減じたサイズの割合を示すロス割合に応じたグループ評価値以上であることを条件として、グループを生成すると判定する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記要素を選択する段階は、コンピュータにより、予め定められた制限内において設定サイズを変化させて、組み合わせたサイズが前記設定サイズ内となるように、少なくとも1つの候補要素を選択し、
前記重み付けする段階は、コンピュータにより、少なくとも1つの要素のそれぞれの要素評価値を、生成済みの複数のグループに含まれる当該要素の数および、当該要素を含む少なくとも1つのグループのうちの最大の前記設定サイズに応じて更新する、請求項3から5のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記要素を選択する段階は、コンピュータにより、生成済みのグループとの間で同一の要素を重複して選択することを許容して、前記複数の要素の中から1つのグループに含める少なくとも1つの候補要素を選択し、
コンピュータにより、前記グループ化する段階において生成された複数のグループの中から、前記複数の要素のそれぞれを重複なく含む前記複数のグループを選択する段階を更に備える、
請求項3から6のいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記グループを選択する段階は、前記グループ化する段階において生成された複数のグループの中から、前記複数の要素のそれぞれを重複なく含み、かつ候補要素を選択するために用いた設定サイズの合計を最小化する前記複数のグループを選択する請求項7に記載の方法。
- コンピュータにより、前記複数の要素の少なくとも一部の要素について、単一の要素を含むグループを生成する段階を更に備え、
前記グループを選択する段階は、前記グループ化する段階および前記単一の要素を含むグループを生成する段階において生成された複数のグループの中から、前記複数の要素のそれぞれを重複なく含む前記複数のグループを選択する、
請求項7または8に記載の方法。 - 当該方法は、コンピュータにより、それぞれが形状を有する前記複数の要素が予め定められた複数の設定形状内に全て重複無く含むように、前記複数の要素をグループ化してレイアウトする
請求項3から9の何れかに記載の方法。 - 当該方法は、コンピュータにより、それぞれが長方形の形状を有する前記複数の要素である複数の製品板を、長方形の設定形状を有する複数の材料板から切り出すために、前記複数の製品板を複数の設定形状内に全て重複なく含むようにグループ化してレイアウトする
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記要素を選択する段階は、コンピュータにより、材料板から製品板を切り出す手順とは逆の手順で複数の製品板同士を接続してレイアウトパターンを生成する
請求項11に記載の方法。 - コンピュータに請求項1から12の何れかに記載の方法が備える各段階を実行させるためのプログラム。
- 複数の要素の中の少なくとも1つの要素をそれぞれが含む複数のグループを生成する装置であって、
前記複数の要素の中から1つのグループに含める候補となる少なくとも1つの候補要素を選択する要素選択部と、
前記要素選択部において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素のそれぞれに対応付けられた要素評価値に基づき、前記要素選択部において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素をグループとするか否かを判定する判定部と、
前記判定部においてグループとすると判定したことを条件として、前記要素選択部において選択した少なくとも1つの候補要素をグループ化するグループ化部と、
少なくとも1つの要素のそれぞれの要素評価値を、生成済みのグループに含まれる当該要素の数に応じて重み付けして後のグループ生成に反映させる重付け部と、
を備える装置。
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- 2011-09-13 US US13/822,067 patent/US9530109B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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GB2497041A9 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
KR101522478B1 (ko) | 2015-05-21 |
GB2497041A (en) | 2013-05-29 |
KR20130100119A (ko) | 2013-09-09 |
US10108913B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
JP5528561B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
JPWO2012043217A1 (ja) | 2014-02-06 |
US9530109B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
GB2497041B (en) | 2013-08-28 |
CN103124970B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
GB201304364D0 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
CN103124970A (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
US20130218627A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
US20160203423A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
DE112011103259T5 (de) | 2013-08-08 |
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