WO2012015055A1 - コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末およびそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末およびそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012015055A1 WO2012015055A1 PCT/JP2011/067556 JP2011067556W WO2012015055A1 WO 2012015055 A1 WO2012015055 A1 WO 2012015055A1 JP 2011067556 W JP2011067556 W JP 2011067556W WO 2012015055 A1 WO2012015055 A1 WO 2012015055A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H1/00—Macromolecular products derived from proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/30—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
- A61K8/022—Powders; Compacted Powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
- A61K8/65—Collagen; Gelatin; Keratin; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H1/00—Macromolecular products derived from proteins
- C08H1/06—Macromolecular products derived from proteins derived from horn, hoofs, hair, skin or leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
- C08J3/14—Powdering or granulating by precipitation from solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L89/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
- C08L89/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin, e.g. gelatin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2389/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
- C08J2389/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
- C08J2389/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative obtained by dispersing a crude collagen precipitate consisting of a collagen precipitate and / or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m in a hydrophilic organic solvent and then drying it.
- the present invention relates to powders and methods for producing them.
- Collagen has a structure in which three polypeptide chains are spirally wound, and a plurality of collagen molecules of about 300 nm are associated with each other shifted by 67 nm to form long collagen fibers.
- Collagen is a major protein that forms raw hides, tendons, bones, etc. of fish, pigs, cattle, etc., but most of them are insoluble in water.
- Collagen is insoluble but is a biological component and has excellent safety, and has high homologies between animals, and therefore has the advantage of not causing an immune reaction. For this reason, application to the fields of foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics has been studied, and various solubilization methods and utilization methods of solubilized collagen have been developed.
- As a solubilized collagen a small amount of soluble collagen contained in animal skin, bones and other raw materials is extracted with dilute acid, solubilized by adding an enzyme such as protease (Patent Document 1), and alkali is added. And solubilized (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 Collagen water-insoluble aggregates having an isoelectric point in the pH range used in cosmetic formulations have been considered unsuitable as cosmetic raw materials for reasons such as being milky white and non-uniform, but pH 5.5-8. It has been found that the heat denaturation temperature of an aggregate obtained by adjusting an aqueous solution of collagen having an isoelectric point of 5 to a pH near the isoelectric point is remarkably high, and such an aggregate is used as a cosmetic raw material. That's it.
- Undenatured collagen solution may be denatured even at room temperature, and storage requires temperature control such as refrigeration.
- temperature control such as refrigeration.
- Patent Document 4 A collagen solution is ejected from a nozzle into a volatile hydrophilic organic solvent medium to form a thread or film, and the filament is dried, and then dried into a granular or powdered collagen that is shredded or crushed. Is doing it. It is described that the collagen concentration of the collagen solution discharged into the hydrophilic organic solvent medium is preferably 3 to 10% by mass and the discharge speed from the nozzle is 1 to 30 m / min.
- Patent Document 5 There is also a dried product of collagen derivatives derived from fish skin (Patent Document 5).
- a collagen derivative such as acylated collagen is prepared as collagen.
- Example 2 the fish skin was treated with an organic solvent and centrifuged, and then collagen was solubilized with acidic acetic acid. A collagen precipitate was obtained by salting out, and this was freeze-dried to obtain a dried collagen product. It has gained.
- Example 4 the fish skin was treated with an organic solvent and centrifuged, and sodium hydroxide was added to the precipitate and stirred overnight.
- collagen was extracted by adding an aqueous citric acid solution to the precipitate. Then, sodium citrate is added to precipitate collagen, sodium hydroxide solution is added to the collagen precipitate to adjust to pH 10, and succinic anhydride is allowed to act to obtain succinylated collagen, which is then made acidic with hydrochloric acid. Thus, succinylated collagen is precipitated, and the resulting precipitate is freeze-dried to obtain a dried collagen product.
- Collagen has a different isoelectric point depending on the treatment method.
- Collagen solubilized under acidic conditions has an isoelectric point of pH 7 to 9.5, so that it has poor solubility at pH 5 or higher and precipitate aggregation occurs.
- Patent Document 6 there is also a method for improving water solubility by esterifying collagen.
- Patent Document 6 an esterification reaction of collagen is previously performed in the state of animal tissue, and then an extraction operation of esterified collagen is performed. Thereby, it is said that esterified collagen can be produced at a low cost by a simple process.
- Unmodified collagen that maintains a triple helix structure is a compound that is highly moisturized and has excellent adhesion to human skin epidermis cells, and therefore is required to be formulated into cosmetics and developed for medical use.
- collagen dissolved in a solution has a low heat denaturation temperature and is denatured even at room temperature, and requires refrigerated storage. That is, a collagen cosmetic compounded in a state in which collagen having a triple helical structure is dissolved needs to be stored in a refrigerator or the like in order to prevent collagen denaturation, and is not easy to use.
- collagen is a compound that is inherently excellent in moisture retention.
- Comparative Example 1 of Patent Document 6 above an attempt was made to wash the collagen precipitate obtained by salting out atelocollagen with ethanol, but it was removed because the collagen fibers contained water containing salt. It states that it was not possible.
- the drying of collagen requires techniques such as freeze drying and spray drying, which complicates the manufacturing process and apparatus. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for easily preparing a collagen powder without requiring a complicated process.
- native collagen has activities such as excellent adhesion during cell culture. For this reason, even if it is collagen powder, when this is melt
- a solution containing a target component is supplied from the top of a tower through a pressure nozzle and heat is blown to granulate.
- collagen is easily heat-denatured and granulates by such a method. It is also difficult. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for producing an unmodified collagen powder that has a simple production process, low production energy, and can form a triple helical structure when dissolved.
- soluble collagen in the first place has an isoelectric point that depends on the extraction method, and soluble collagen has a low solubility at the isoelectric point. For this reason, it is difficult to dissolve dry collagen using neutral lotion or the like. Accordingly, when used as a cosmetic product, a collagen powder that dissolves quickly at a pH of 5.5 to 8.5, which is a general cosmetic product, is desired.
- an object of the present invention is to provide fine collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an unmodified collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder, which can be easily prepared.
- a crude collagen precipitate comprising a collagen precipitate of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m can be obtained, and it is efficient to adjust the concentration of the crude collagen precipitate to 12 to 50% by mass and disperse it in a hydrophilic organic solvent.
- the collagen precipitate can be dehydrated and the solid matter can be collected, and it can be made into collagen powder by air drying, and dehydration and drying can be efficiently performed by using a coarse collagen precipitate with a short diameter, As a result, it is possible to produce a short-diameter collagen powder, the collagen powder obtained by the above method is excellent in heat resistance without being denatured even at a high temperature of 110 ° C. When solutions found to exhibit triple helix structure collagen solution, and completed the present invention.
- a crude collagen precipitate containing 12 to 50% by mass of a collagen precipitate and / or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent to separate a solid matter. It is intended to provide collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder obtained by taking and drying.
- the present invention provides a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative by isoelectric point precipitation at pH 3.5 to 10 while controlling the association of collagen and / or collagen derivative, and having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m.
- a crude collagen precipitate containing 12-50% by mass by adjusting the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the isoelectric point precipitate.
- the present invention provides a method for producing collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder, which comprises dispersing a collagen precipitate in a hydrophilic organic solvent, separating a solid, and drying.
- the present invention also provides isoelectric point precipitation of a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative at pH 3.5 to 10 and crushing the precipitate to obtain an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m. And adjusting the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the isoelectric point precipitate to obtain a crude collagen precipitate containing 12 to 50% by mass, and the crude collagen precipitate is hydrophilic.
- a method for producing a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative powder characterized by being dispersed in an organic solvent, separating a solid, and drying.
- the present invention also provides a salted-out product having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m by salting out a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative while controlling the association of collagen and / or collagen derivative,
- concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the salted-out product is adjusted to 12 to 50% by mass to obtain a crude collagen precipitate, and the crude collagen precipitate is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent to obtain a solid
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative powder, wherein the product is separated and dried.
- a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative is salted out, and the salted-out product is crushed to obtain a salted-out product having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained is adjusted to 12 to 50% by mass to obtain a crude collagen precipitate, the crude collagen precipitate is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent, and a solid is separated.
- the present invention provides a method for producing collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder, characterized by drying.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder, wherein the hydrophilic organic solvent is alcohol, ketone, ether, or a mixture thereof.
- the collagen and / or collagen derivative when the collagen and / or collagen derivative is associated with the collagen and / or collagen derivative solution to form a collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate, the collagen and / or collagen derivative solution is used.
- Collagen and / or collagen derivative is precipitated by salting out by adding salt while stirring, or by adjusting said collagen and / or collagen derivative solution to pH 3.5-10 and stirring Is allowed to adjust the particle size of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder obtained by the production method of the present invention is excellent in thermal stability and storage stability.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder solution is excellent in moisture retention of the skin and the like because the collagen and / or collagen derivative forms a triple helical structure.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder of the present invention is superior in transport efficiency compared to these solutions, and can reduce storage and transport costs. Furthermore, since a solution of collagen or the like has a high viscosity, adhesion to the container, remaining, loss or the like occurs during transfer from the container. However, collagen powder can avoid these problems and perform a simple operation.
- the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or the collagen derivative precipitate of the crude collagen precipitate is 12 to 50% by mass, and therefore, dehydration with a hydrophilic organic solvent is easy. It can be dried and is very easy to manufacture.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a phase contrast microscopic image of a collagen precipitate prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an electron microscopic image of collagen powder prepared in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the result of the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) of the collagen powder prepared in Example 1.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- FIG. 2 is a graph of particle size distribution of collagen powder obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an electron microscopic image of collagen powder whose particle size distribution was measured in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of collagen powder prepared in Example 4. It is a figure which shows the circular dichroism of the collagen solution which melt
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the phase-contrast microscope image of the collagen deposit prepared in the comparative example 3. It is a figure of the particle size distribution of the collagen powder obtained in Comparative Example 4.
- the comparative example 4 it is a figure which shows the electron microscope image of the collagen powder formed by drying using a spray dryer. It is the figure which calculated the initial dissolution speed
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the electron microscope image of the collagen sponge obtained in the comparative example 5. It is a figure which shows the electron microscope image of the collagen fiber obtained by the comparative example 6.
- a crude collagen precipitate containing 12 to 50% by mass of a collagen precipitate and / or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent, and a solid matter is dispersed. It is a collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder obtained by separating and drying.
- a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative is subjected to isoelectric precipitation at pH 3.5 to 10 while controlling the association of collagen and / or collagen derivative, or the like.
- the electric point precipitate is crushed to obtain an isoelectric point precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the isoelectric point precipitate is adjusted.
- a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative characterized in that a crude collagen precipitate containing 12 to 50% by mass is dispersed, the crude collagen precipitate is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent, a solid is separated, and dried. It is a manufacturing method of powder.
- a solution containing collagen and / or a collagen derivative is salted out while controlling the association of collagen and / or collagen derivative, or the salted-out product is crushed to obtain an average particle.
- a method for producing a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative powder characterized by dispersing a crude collagen precipitate in a hydrophilic organic solvent, separating a solid, and drying.
- Collagen and / or Collagen Derivative are a kind of protein and is a general term for three polypeptide chains wound in a spiral.
- types I to XXIX are known, but any collagen may be used as the collagen used in the present invention.
- Most of the collagen contained in the living body is insoluble in water.
- collagen contained in raw materials such as animal skin and bone is solubilized by adding an enzyme such as protease, and alkali is added.
- the solubilized product is called “solubilized collagen”.
- raw materials such as animal skin and bone contain slightly soluble collagen that is soluble in a neutral salt solution or an acidic solution.
- the collagen used in the present invention is soluble in an aqueous solution, it may be a solubilized insoluble collagen, or may be a soluble collagen originally contained.
- the description will be given using “solubilized collagen” prepared from insoluble collagen present in large amounts in the living body as a raw material, but “collagen” in the present invention includes “soluble collagen” and “solubilized”. Both “collagen” are included.
- the “collagen fiber” means a plurality of “collagen molecules” associated with each other. The collagen molecules correspond to the solubilized collagen and soluble collagen. When the solubilized collagen solution is isoelectrically precipitated or salted out, collagen molecules associate with each other, and collagen fibers can be separated as a precipitate.
- Collagen fibers may precipitate as large aggregates by associating a plurality of collagen fibers during precipitation. Therefore, in the present invention, “association” includes both binding of collagen molecules and binding of collagen fibers. Further, “collagen precipitate” means collagen precipitated as a solid from a collagen solution, and “collagen powder” means “powdered solid matter of collagen precipitate”.
- the “collagen” used in the present invention includes, for example, those in which asparagine residues, glutamine residues and the like have been changed to aspartic acid residues and glutamic acid residues by alkali deamidation by alkali treatment. That is, the isoelectric point is adjusted to be acidic or neutral by changing the amide group contained in the collagen molecule to a carboxyl group and making the effective charge of the collagen negative.
- amino acid which comprises collagen may be modified in this way.
- the “collagen derivative” in the present invention means one obtained by modifying the amino acid constituting the collagen with another functional group.
- examples include acylated collagen and esterified collagen.
- the collagen derivative may be an acylated collagen or an esterified collagen prepared in advance, or an esterified or acylated collagen during salting out or isoelectric precipitation.
- the isoelectric point Prior to the step of extracting solubilized collagen or soluble collagen from the collagen-containing tissue, the isoelectric point may be adjusted by acylating the collagen, and the insoluble contained in the collagen-containing tissue in advance is used as a method for producing esterified collagen.
- Collagen may be esterified, and then the esterified collagen may be collected by isoelectric precipitation.
- the acylated collagen and esterified collagen include the following.
- acylated collagen examples include succinylated collagen, phthalated collagen, and maleylated collagen.
- succinylated collagen, phthalated collagen, maleylated collagen prepared by adjusting an atelocollagen solution extracted by enzyme treatment to pH 9-12 and then adding an acid anhydride such as succinic acid, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.
- acid anhydride such as succinic acid, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.
- acylated collagen examples include succinylated collagen, phthalated collagen, and maleylated collagen.
- esterified collagen in addition to esterified solubilized collagen, esterified collagen that has been solubilized by enzymatic reaction after insoluble collagen has been esterified can be used.
- secondary alcohols and tertiary alcohols may be used in addition to primary alcohols.
- monohydric alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, dl-2-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, dl-2-pentanol, and 3-pentanol.
- dihydric alcohol examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (MW 200 to 20000), propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, 1 , 2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2, There is 5-hexanediol.
- Other polyhydric alcohols include glycerin and various sugar alcohols.
- the collagen derivative and collagen used in the present invention have a triple helical structure in the solution.
- Crude collagen precipitate The crude collagen precipitate used in the present invention is “a crude collagen precipitate containing 12 to 50% by mass of a collagen precipitate and / or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m. It is.
- solubilized collagen can be prepared by enzymatic treatment or alkali treatment of such insoluble collagen.
- solubilized collagen is prepared in an aqueous solution and purified by salting out or isoelectric precipitation to form a solid precipitate.
- the collagen precipitate thus obtained is used. This is because such collagen precipitates and collagen powders obtained from these precipitates become collagen solutions having a triple helix structure when dissolved again in the solution.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the crude collagen precipitate is limited to 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m because the collagen precipitate can be efficiently dehydrated with a hydrophilic organic solvent and air-dried. This is because it has been found that the powder obtained can be made into a fine collagen powder. For this reason, in this invention, the method of controlling the average particle diameter of a collagen precipitate to the short diameter side was also discovered. That is, when the solubilized collagen solution is subjected to isoelectric precipitation or salting out, collagen molecules associate with each other to form collagen fibers, and further, collagen fibers associate with each other to form aggregates. 2,000 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of the resulting collagen precipitate can be controlled to 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and finally the average A collagen powder having a particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m can be obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the crude collagen precipitate used in the present invention is 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 900 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 750 ⁇ m, and further preferably 30 to 500 ⁇ m. If the average particle size exceeds 1,000 ⁇ m, powdering may be difficult.
- the major axis of the collagen molecule is 300 nm, and when the collagen molecules do not associate with each other, the collagen particle diameter is 300 nm. However, as will be described later, it has been found that such SLS fibers formed by binding a plurality of collagen molecules of 300 nm in parallel form aggregates by associating the SLS fibers with each other.
- the average particle diameter of the coarse collagen precipitate in this application is a value observed with a phase contrast microscope.
- the major axis of the phase contrast microscope image is used as the particle diameter of the crude collagen precipitate, and the average particle diameter is obtained by averaging the particle diameters of all the crude collagen precipitates included in the ten visual fields.
- the solution in which the solubilized collagen or collagen derivative is dissolved is subjected to physical treatment or chemical treatment. It can be adjusted by physically crushing the precipitate that has been treated or formed.
- (I-1) Physical treatment
- a physical treatment method for example, salting out a solution dissolving collagen or a collagen derivative while stirring, or isoelectric focusing at pH 3.5 to 10 while stirring the solution.
- Agitation suppresses the association of collagen molecules to form collagen fibers having a short fiber length, and further suppresses the formation of aggregates due to the association of a plurality of collagen fibers.
- a collagen precipitate having a short particle diameter can be precipitated by crushing the generated precipitate.
- the degree of stirring can be appropriately selected depending on the concentration of collagen or collagen derivative in the solution, the stirring method, the shape and size of the stirring container, and the like.
- association inhibitors include sugars such as glucose, sucrose, xylose, galactose, fructose, glycerin.
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- ATP is added to a collagen solution under acidic conditions, and the basic sites of the collagen molecule are cross-linked with the phosphate group of ATP.
- ATP crosslinks a plurality of collagen molecules in parallel, and generates SLS (Segment-long-spacing) fibers in which the basic sites of the collagen molecules are cross-linked with the phosphate groups of ATP.
- SLS fibers having an average particle diameter of 300 nm are formed by connecting 300 nm collagen molecules in parallel.
- a plurality of SLS fibers associate to form an aggregate and precipitate.
- the SLS fiber contains ATP as a crosslinking agent in addition to collagen, but can be pulverized while containing ATP in the same manner as other collagens and collagen derivatives. Alternatively, ATP may be removed after obtaining a precipitate of SLS fibers and then powdered.
- the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m in the crude collagen precipitate is 12 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass, particularly Preferably, it is 20 to 35% by mass. If it is less than 12% by mass, the water content of the crude collagen precipitate is too high, so that the dehydration efficiency by the hydrophilic organic solvent is poor, and when dried, it may become a film without becoming a fine and porous collagen powder. On the other hand, it is not easy to prepare a crude collagen precipitate of 50% by mass or more, and it may not be uniformly dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent.
- the main component other than the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the crude collagen precipitate is an aqueous solution constituting the collagen solution and collagen derivative solution before precipitation.
- a crude collagen precipitate obtained by isoelectric point precipitation or salting out can be used as a raw material. Since salting out is also performed in the step of preparing the isoelectric point precipitate, a method for preparing the crude collagen precipitate will be described below in the case of preparing the isoelectric point precipitate. In the present invention, any of collagen types I to XXIX can be used, but the case where type I collagen is extracted from a living body will be described below.
- the collagen used in the present invention can be collected from the skin of animals such as cows, pigs, birds and fish and other tissues containing collagen.
- collagen is contained in a large amount in connective tissues of animals, but when extracted by heat treatment, the collagen is thermally denatured and the specific triple helix structure is broken, resulting in a gelatin state.
- collagen that can form a triple helical structure is used.
- Examples of such collagen extraction methods include solubilization methods using alkali treatment, acid treatment, and enzyme treatment using animal bones and skins as materials.
- collagen extraction materials include dermis and tendons of cows, pigs, chickens, ostriches, horses, fishes and the like. It is preferable to use a tissue of a young animal such as a fetus because the yield is improved.
- Insoluble collagen was suspended in a solubilized aqueous solution mixed to a final concentration of 3% by mass sodium hydroxide and 1.9% (v / w) monomethylamine to a final collagen concentration of 4.5% by mass, and 18 ° C. Solubilization treatment is performed for 3 weeks.
- salt such as sodium chloride is added to salt out to a final concentration of 5% by mass, the salted out precipitate is redissolved in an aqueous solution prepared acidic with hydrochloric acid, etc., and cloth, filter paper, metal mesh
- a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of 4.5 can be obtained by purifying the solution by filtration with a solution such as sodium hydroxide and adjusting the collagen solution to pH 4.5 with sodium hydroxide.
- the average particle size can be adjusted to 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m by performing isoelectric precipitation or salting out at pH 4.5 while stirring the collagen solution.
- the method for controlling the average particle size is the same for (iii-2), (iii-3), and (iii-4).
- Insoluble collagen obtained by pulverizing the dermis layer of cattle skin with meat grinding etc. and thoroughly washing after degreasing can be used as a raw material. Insoluble collagen is suspended in distilled water to a final collagen concentration of 1% by mass, and then adjusted to pH 3.0 by adding hydrochloric acid. One-hundredth amount of acidic protease is added to the collagen weight, and solubilization treatment is performed at 25 ° C. for 72 hours.
- hydrochloric acid is added to stop the reaction, sodium chloride is added to salt out to a final concentration of 5% by mass, and the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation.
- the recovered salting-out precipitate is dispersed in distilled water having a volume of 2% by mass of collagen, and hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH to 3.0 to dissolve it uniformly to obtain a collagen solution.
- the collagen solution is filtered with a cloth and filter paper, and then adjusted with sodium hydroxide so as to have a desired isoelectric point pH, whereby a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of 4.5 to 9.0 is obtained. Obtainable.
- the recovered salting-out precipitate is dispersed in distilled water having a volume of 2% by mass of collagen, and hydrochloric acid is added to adjust the pH to 3.0, which is uniformly dissolved to obtain a collagen solution.
- this collagen solution is filtered with a cloth and filter paper, and then adjusted to have a desired isoelectric point pH with sodium hydroxide, whereby a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of 4.5 to 9.0 is obtained. Obtainable.
- Isoelectric point The isoelectric point of collagen and collagen derivatives can be adjusted by a solubilization method and others.
- the isoelectric point precipitate collagen and / or collagen derivatives obtained by adjusting the collagen and / or collagen derivative solution to pH 3.5 to 10 are targeted.
- isoelectric point is meant the pH of a solution in which collagen and / or collagen derivatives exhibit minimal solubility in an aqueous solution containing collagen and / or collagen derivatives.
- the isoelectric point of collagen is pH 4.3 to 9.3, but a precipitate can be formed even in a solution of less than pH 4.3 or more than pH 9.3.
- the collagen and / or collagen derivative solution is adjusted to pH 3
- the collagen and / or collagen derivative obtained by adjusting to 5 to 10 was used as an isoelectric point precipitate. More preferably, it is an isoelectric precipitate having a pH of 4.0 to 9.0, particularly preferably pH 4.5 to 9.0. Depending on the application, an isoelectric precipitate having a pH of 3.5 to 8.0, a pH of 3.5 to 7.0, a pH of 3.5 to 6.0, or a pH of 4.5 to 5.0 may be used. .
- the collagen powder of the present invention is considered to be excellent in solubility because it has almost the same specific surface area as fine particles even if the average particle size is large, and neutrality that is inherently poor in solubility. Excellent solubility even in solution.
- the crude collagen precipitate recovered by adjusting the collagen and / or collagen derivative-containing solution to pH 4.5 has an isoelectric point of pH 4.5, and the collagen and / or collagen derivative-containing aqueous solution is adjusted to pH 9.0.
- the isoelectric point of the crude collagen precipitate recovered in this way is pH 9.0.
- the “crude collagen precipitate” dispersed in the hydrophilic organic solvent is not limited to a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of pH 4.5 or a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of pH 9.0.
- a mixture of a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of pH 4.5 and a crude collagen precipitate having an isoelectric point of pH 9.0 can also be used.
- the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the crude collagen precipitate is not limited to the isoelectric point, and the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate is hydrophilic, This is because a fine collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder can be produced by uniformly dispersing in an organic solvent.
- hydrophilic organic solvent for dispersing the crude collagen precipitate described above is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon-containing solvent miscible with water.
- hydrophilic organic solvent for dispersing the crude collagen precipitate described above is not particularly limited as long as it is a carbon-containing solvent miscible with water.
- alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, Examples include polar aprotic solvents.
- Examples of the alcohol include monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and t-butanol, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.
- Examples of the ketone include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Examples of ethers include glycol ethers such as diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane.
- examples of the ester include ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate
- examples of the polar aprotic solvent include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), and pyridine.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMF dimethylformamide
- pyridine aprotic solvent
- preferred are those miscible with water at an arbitrary ratio, for example, acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and the like.
- ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, or a mixed solution thereof can be preferably used.
- the amount used can be appropriately selected depending on the hydrophilic organic solvent.
- ethanol when ethanol is used, ethanol is used in an amount of 3 to 2000 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 5 parts per 1 part by weight of the crude collagen precipitate. It is preferable to add 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass.
- Collagen powder and collagen derivative powder The collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder of the present invention is obtained by dispersing the crude collagen precipitate in a hydrophilic organic solvent, separating a solid, and drying. A collagen powder or a collagen derivative powder obtained by dehydrating a crude collagen precipitate with a hydrophilic organic solvent and drying the obtained solid.
- the crude collagen precipitate is adjusted to a specific isoelectric point by isoelectric precipitation. Since this isoelectric point does not change by dehydration with a hydrophilic organic solvent or subsequent drying, the isoelectric point of the collagen powder or collagen derivative powder of the present invention depends on the isoelectric point at the time of isoelectric point precipitation. .
- a crude collagen precipitate with an isoelectric point of pH 4.5 is used, it becomes a collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder with an isoelectric point of pH 4.5, and a crude collagen precipitate with an isoelectric point of pH 9.0 is used. In this case, collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder having an isoelectric point of pH 9.0 is obtained.
- collagen powder and / or collagen derivative having an isoelectric point of pH 4.5 to 9.0 it becomes powder.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder of the present invention has an isoelectric point of pH 3.5 to 8.0, more preferably isoelectric point pH 3.5 to 7.0, particularly isoelectric point pH 3.5 to 6.
- the initial dissolution rate of the pH 6.5 solution of 5 mg of the powder is 0.2 mg / min or more, more preferably 0.3 mg / min or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 mg / min or more.
- “dissolution initial rate” is measured by the method shown in the examples described later.
- the average particle size of the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention is not limited, but by using a crude collagen precipitate or the like having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, the average particle size finally becomes 8 to 1,
- the average particle diameter of the collagen powder and the collagen derivative powder is also a value measured by an electron microscope, as in the case of the coarse collagen precipitate described above. As described above, it is usually 2000 ⁇ m or more due to the association, and less than 5 ⁇ m according to the spray drying.
- the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention have an average particle size of 8 to 1,000 ⁇ m, scattering can be prevented and fluidity can be secured. In addition, as shown in the examples described later, if the average particle size of the collagen powder is less than 5 ⁇ m, it may form lumps in the solution and lower the solubility. Excellent solubility. In the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention, since the crude collagen precipitate is dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent, the collagen is finely dispersed in the solvent, the resulting precipitate becomes porous, and the specific surface area is increased. It has been found.
- the specific surface area of the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention is 0.5 m 2 / g or more, preferably 0.8 to 30 m 2 / g, more preferably 1.0 to 25 m 2 / g, particularly preferably. It is 1.2 to 20 m 2 / g, more preferably 1.5 to 20 m 2 / g. Such specific surface area ensures hydrophilicity and solubility.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate is controlled to 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and the concentration of the collagen precipitate and collagen derivative precipitate contained in the crude collagen precipitate is 12 to Since it was controlled to 50% by mass, it could be dehydrated in the form of powder even when dehydrated with a hydrophilic organic solvent, and the collected solid matter became collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder by air drying.
- the collagen precipitate before being dispersed in the hydrophilic organic solvent has an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, it is found that when it is air-dried, it becomes a collagen powder having an average particle size of 8 to 1,000 ⁇ m. did. This is considered to be because the association and aggregation of collagen are avoided in the dispersion into the hydrophilic organic solvent and the drying step.
- the collagen derivative powder or the collagen powder may be further finely processed.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder of the present invention is dried without undergoing a heating step, when it is dissolved, it becomes a triple helical collagen.
- the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention are excellent in heat resistance, and therefore do not need to be refrigerated like conventional collagen solutions.
- the aggregates and collagen fibers dissolve as original collagen molecules and collagen derivative molecules. Therefore, when this solution is subjected to isoelectric point precipitation or salting out by a conventional method, a collagen precipitate or a collagen derivative precipitate having an average particle diameter larger than 1,000 ⁇ m, that is, a conventional collagen precipitate of about 2,000 ⁇ m is formed. be able to.
- the collagen powder and collagen derivative powder of the present invention can be suitably used for medical applications and cosmetic applications.
- cosmetic applications include lotion, milky lotion, beauty essence, general cream, cleansing facial cleanser, pack, shave cream, sunscreen cream, sunscreen lotion, sunscreen lotion, cosmetic soap, foundation, funny, lipstick , Lip balm, shampoo, rinse and the like.
- DDS Drug Delivery System
- ES cells ES cells
- iPS cells culture substrates of various cells such as ES cells and iPS cells
- hemostatic agents such as ES cells and iPS cells
- wound wound treatment agents bone fillers, and the like.
- Can do DDS (Drug Delivery System) carriers used in regenerative medicine, culture substrates of various cells such as ES cells and iPS cells, hemostatic agents, wound wound treatment agents, bone fillers, and the like. Can do.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder of the present invention is prepared by isoelectrically treating a solution containing collagen and / or collagen derivative at pH 3.5 to 10 while controlling the association of collagen and / or collagen derivative.
- an isoelectric point precipitate having an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m is obtained, and the concentration of collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the isoelectric point precipitate is adjusted to 12 to 50
- a crude collagen precipitate containing mass% can be produced by dispersing the crude collagen precipitate in a hydrophilic organic solvent, separating a solid, and drying.
- salting out is performed by changing to an isoelectric point precipitate to obtain a salted-out precipitate having an average particle size of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the salted-out precipitate is adjusted.
- the crude collagen precipitate can be prepared by adjusting to 12 to 50% by mass, and the crude collagen precipitate can be dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent, and the solid matter can be collected and dried.
- the precipitate may be crushed with a mortar mill or the like together with the solution. Since it is in solution, the precipitate can be crushed without heating, aggregates can be separated, and the particle size of the precipitate can be reduced.
- the degree of stirring and crushing can be appropriately selected depending on the concentration of collagen or collagen derivative in the solution, the stirring method, the shape and size of the stirring container, etc., but as described above, when using a homogenizer, the rotational speed 1,000 to 20,000 rpm and the stirring time can be appropriately selected according to the number of rotations and the like, and are 1 minute to 5 hours.
- the rotational speed 1,000 to 20,000 rpm and the stirring time can be appropriately selected according to the number of rotations and the like, and are 1 minute to 5 hours.
- a collagen precipitate or collagen derivative precipitate having a desired average particle diameter can be obtained.
- the collagen precipitate and the collagen derivative precipitate are crushed in the collagen solution as described above. This is because the step of separating the precipitate from the solution is unnecessary and the crushing efficiency is excellent.
- the above-described association inhibitor may be added as a method for suppressing the association of collagen molecules.
- an association inhibitor such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is added to the collagen solution under acidic conditions.
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- 300 nm SLS fibers are generated, and an aggregate formed by associating a plurality of SLS fibers can be obtained as a precipitate.
- the collagen solution may be agitated to physically suppress association. Aggregation of SLS fibers can be crushed by stirring, and the particle diameter of the precipitate can be adjusted to a shorter diameter.
- an isoelectric point precipitate having a concentration of collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate of 12 to 50% by mass is used as the crude collagen precipitate.
- concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained was less than 12% by mass, the isoelectric point collected by centrifugation or filtration was adjusted again to the same pH as the isoelectric point precipitation. It can be washed with water for desalting, centrifuged again, filtered, etc. and used as a crude collagen precipitate.
- the crude collagen precipitate thus obtained is dispersed in the hydrophilic organic solvent. This is for dehydrating the crude collagen composition.
- the temperature of the hydrophilic organic solvent used is preferably 15 ° C. or lower. This is to maintain the triple helix structure without denaturing the solubilized collagen or collagen derivative.
- the amount of the hydrophilic organic solvent used with respect to the crude collagen precipitate can be appropriately selected depending on the hydrophilic organic solvent to be used. For example, when ethanol is used, 1 part by mass of the crude collagen precipitate is used. It is preferable to add 3 to 2000 parts by mass of ethanol, preferably 5 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass.
- the concentration of the hydrophilic organic solvent is preferably 75% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more. is there.
- the concentration of the hydrophilic organic solvent in the collagen dispersion liquid in which the crude collagen precipitate is dispersed in the hydrophilic organic solvent is less than 75% by mass, the collagen recovered from the hydrophilic organic solvent absorbs moisture, so that it is dried for a long time. Since time is required and the collagen molecules are closely adhered to each other during drying, there may be cases where fine and porous collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder are not obtained.
- the crude collagen precipitate may be stirred after being dispersed in a hydrophilic organic solvent.
- the rotational speed is 1,000 to 20,000 rpm, more preferably 2,000 to 13,000 rpm, particularly preferably 2,500 to 10,000 rpm, and particularly preferably 3,000 to 5, Stir at 000 rpm.
- the stirring time can be appropriately selected depending on the number of rotations, and is 1 minute to 5 hours, more preferably 1 minute to 3 hours, particularly preferably 3 minutes to 1 hour, and further preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes. is there.
- the said stirring conditions are illustrations and it changes with the stirring methods of a stirring apparatus. It can be appropriately selected according to the actual degree of dispersion.
- the solid can be dried to obtain a collagen powder and / or a collagen derivative powder.
- the present invention is characterized in that the solid matter can be dried by air drying at room temperature. However, you may dry by other methods, such as using a dryer. At that time, the temperature is preferably less than 15 ° C.
- Collagen precipitates and collagen derivative precipitates constituting the crude collagen precipitate have an average particle diameter of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, which is shorter than conventional ones, and therefore have a large surface area per unit mass and can be easily dehydrated with a hydrophilic organic solvent.
- the concentration of the collagen precipitate and / or collagen derivative precipitate contained in the crude collagen precipitate is 12 to 50% by mass, so that the amount of water contained in the hydrophilic organic solvent is reduced and drying by air drying is performed. It is considered that the powdering of collagen precipitates and collagen derivative precipitates has become possible.
- heat treatment can be avoided, and heat denaturation of the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder can be prevented. Thereby, the solution of collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder exhibits a triple helical structure.
- the collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder thus obtained may be further crushed with a mill or the like to adjust the particle size.
- collagen purification methods include a salting-out method in which salts are added to an acidic collagen solution for precipitation, an organic solvent precipitation method in which an organic solvent is added, and an isoelectric precipitation method in which an acid or alkali is added. It has been. However, there have been only examples in which collagen is pulverized by adding a hydrophilic organic solvent to an isoelectric precipitate or salted-out product of a collagen solution having an isoelectric point of pH 3.5 to 10. This is because collagen is inherently highly hydrophilic and contains a large amount of water in the isoelectric precipitate, so that it is common to form a solid by freeze drying or spray drying.
- collagen powder can be obtained by air drying.
- collagen solution is precipitated by pouring a solution having a collagen concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass into a hydrophilic organic solvent through a nozzle discharge hole, pores are formed on the surface of the resulting collagen fiber. It becomes a film with a smooth surface.
- Example 1 The dermis layer of pork skin was pulverized with minced meat and the like, and insoluble collagen washed thoroughly after degreasing was used as a raw material. Insoluble collagen prepared to a final collagen concentration of 4.5% by mass was suspended in a solubilized aqueous solution mixed to a final concentration of 3% by mass sodium hydroxide and 1.9% (v / w) monomethylamine. The solubilization treatment was performed at 3 ° C. for 3 weeks. Sodium chloride was added to the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained as described above so as to have a final concentration of 5% by mass for salting out, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation.
- the recovered salting-out precipitate was dispersed in a distilled water having a collagen concentration of 3% by mass, adjusted to pH 3.0 by adding hydrochloric acid, and uniformly dissolved.
- the pH is adjusted to 4.5 with sodium hydroxide, and a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance with a mascolloider (stone mill grinder: manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
- the collagen was isoelectrically precipitated while stirring at 50 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 141 ⁇ m.
- the obtained collagen powder was observed with an electron microscope image. The results are shown in FIG.
- the average particle size of the powdered collagen was 158 mm, and was found to be a porous powder.
- the dissolution initial velocity was measured using the solution B. Since collagen is highly hydrophilic and the difference between dissolution and swelling is unclear, the initial dissolution rate was measured as follows. Measurement of initial dissolution rate Mix in a cylindrical tube with an inner diameter of 10 mm, a length of 40 mm, and a volume of 2 ml with 5 ml of the sample together with 1 ml of the solution B in Table 1, and mix by inverting at 180 ° C. 20 times per minute. It was. The solution B and the operation were performed at a temperature of 20 ° C.
- FIG. 12 shows the change over time in the collagen concentration of the supernatant in the measurement of the dissolution initial rate.
- Example 2 A collagen powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydrophilic organic solvent for dispersing the crude collagen precipitate was changed to acetone. Using 5 mg of the obtained collagen powder, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility. Table 1 shows the summary of Example 2, Table 5 shows the solubility, and Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate. By adding the dissolving solution, the collagen powder quickly dissolved to become a transparent collagen solution.
- Example 3 A collagen powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the hydrophilic organic solvent for dispersing the crude collagen precipitate was changed to diethyl ether. Using 5 mg of the obtained collagen powder, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility. Table 1 shows the outline of Example 3, Table 5 shows the solubility, and Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate. By adding the dissolving solution, the collagen powder quickly dissolved to become a transparent collagen solution.
- Example 4 The dermis layer of cowhide was pulverized with minced meat, etc., and insoluble collagen washed thoroughly after degreasing was used as a raw material. Insoluble collagen was suspended in distilled water to a final collagen concentration of 2% by mass, and adjusted to pH 3.0 by adding hydrochloric acid. One-hundredth amount of acidic protease was added to the collagen weight, and solubilization treatment was performed at 25 ° C. for 72 hours. After the enzyme reaction was stopped, sodium chloride was added to the enzyme-solubilized collagen solution obtained as described above so as to have a final concentration of 5% by mass for salting out, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation.
- the recovered salting out precipitate was dispersed in distilled water having a volume of collagen concentration of 1% by mass, adjusted to pH 3.0 by adding hydrochloric acid, and uniformly dissolved.
- the pH is adjusted to 9.0 with sodium hydroxide, and collagen is isoelectrically precipitated while stirring with a mass collider at a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance of 50 ⁇ m. I let you.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 131 ⁇ m.
- the precipitate was recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes, washed again with distilled water adjusted to pH 9.0, desalted, and centrifuged 10 times to recover as a crude collagen precipitate.
- the collagen concentration of the crude collagen precipitate was 23% by mass.
- 50 g of the obtained crude collagen precipitate is put into 950 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, the dispersion is filtered to separate solid collagen, and air-dried at room temperature. A powder was obtained.
- the obtained collagen powder was observed with an electron microscope image. The results are shown in FIG.
- the average particle size of the powdered collagen was 333 ⁇ m, and was found to be a porous powder.
- Example 2 Using 5 mg of the obtained collagen powder, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility. Table 1 shows the outline of Example 4, Table 5 shows the solubility, and Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate.
- Example 5 Sodium chloride was added to the enzyme-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 4 so that the final concentration was 5% by mass, and the collagen was stirred with a mass collider at a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance of 50 ⁇ m. Salting out was performed, and the precipitate was recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes, and the centrifugation was performed 10 times to obtain a crude collagen precipitate. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 142 ⁇ m. The collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 38% by mass.
- Example 6 Adenosine triphosphate disodium (ATP 2Na) was added to the enzyme-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 4 with stirring to a final concentration of 0.22% by mass and allowed to stand on ice for 1 hour. The generated SLS fibers were collected by centrifugation. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 13.4 ⁇ m. The collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 12% by mass. Next, 80 mg of the obtained crude collagen precipitate was put into 20 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, the dispersion was filtered to collect solid collagen, and then air-dried at room temperature. A powder was obtained. Table 1 shows the properties of the coarse collagen precipitate, the isoelectric point, the possibility of pulverization, and the like.
- Example 7 Sodium hydroxide was added to the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 1 to adjust to pH 4.5, and the mixture was allowed to stand to cause isoelectric point precipitation of collagen. Thereafter, the isoelectric point precipitate was crushed with a mass collider under the conditions of a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotational speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance of 50 ⁇ m. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 724 ⁇ m. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed again with distilled water adjusted to pH 4.5, desalted, and centrifuged 10 times to collect it as a crude collagen precipitate.
- the collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 27% by mass.
- 50 g of the obtained crude collagen precipitate is put into 950 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, the dispersion is filtered to separate solid collagen, and air-dried at room temperature. A powder was obtained.
- the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the coarse collagen precipitate, the isoelectric point, the possibility of pulverization
- Table 5 shows the solubility
- Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate.
- FIG. 12 shows the change over time in the collagen concentration of the supernatant in the measurement of the dissolution initial rate.
- Example 8 Sodium hydroxide was added to the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 1 to adjust to pH 4.5, and the mixture was allowed to stand to cause isoelectric point precipitation of collagen. Thereafter, the isoelectric point precipitate was crushed three times with a mass collider under the conditions of a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance of 50 ⁇ m. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 335 ⁇ m. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed again with distilled water adjusted to pH 4.5, desalted, and centrifuged 10 times to collect it as a crude collagen precipitate.
- the collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 28% by mass.
- 50 g of the obtained crude collagen precipitate is put into 950 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, the dispersion is filtered to separate solid collagen, and air-dried at room temperature. A powder was obtained.
- the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the coarse collagen precipitate, the isoelectric point, the possibility of pulverization, Table 5 shows the solubility, and Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate.
- Example 9 The alkali-solubilized collagen isoelectric precipitate (isoelectric point pH 4.5) obtained in Example 1 was dispersed in methanol, and hydrochloric acid was added to a final concentration of 0.1M. The esterification reaction was carried out with stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the pH was neutralized with a sodium hydroxide solution to stop the reaction, and collagen was precipitated. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and then redissolved in 10 mM acetic acid to obtain methyl esterified collagen. The isoelectric point of methyl esterified collagen was pH 7.9.
- Sodium chloride is added to the methyl esterified collagen solution to a final concentration of 5% by mass, salted out with stirring by a homogenizer, and the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes.
- the crude collagen precipitate was obtained.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 244 ⁇ m, and the collagen concentration was 29 mass%.
- 0.5 g of the obtained crude collagen precipitate was put into 9.5 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, the dispersion was filtered to separate solid collagen, and air-dried at room temperature. To obtain a collagen powder.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the coarse collagen precipitate, the isoelectric point, the possibility of pulverization, and the like.
- Example 10 Sodium hydroxide solution was added to the enzyme-solubilized collagen solution (isoelectric point pH 9.0) obtained in Example 4 to adjust the pH to 8-9, and collagen was isoelectrically precipitated. Succinic anhydride was added to this isoelectric precipitation solution so as to have a final concentration of 0.5 mM, and an acylation reaction was carried out for 1 hour with stirring at room temperature. After the reaction, hydrochloric acid was added to acidify the solution, and sodium chloride was added to stop the reaction to a final concentration of 5% by mass, and succinylated collagen was precipitated.
- succinylated collagen was redissolved in 10 mM acetic acid to obtain succinylated collagen.
- the isoelectric point of succinylated collagen was 5.4.
- Sodium chloride is added to the succinylated collagen solution to a final concentration of 5% by mass, and salted out with stirring by a homogenizer.
- the precipitate is recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes, and the above centrifugation is repeated 10 times. And a crude collagen precipitate was obtained.
- the average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 167 ⁇ m, and the collagen concentration was 42 mass%.
- Example 11 The enzyme-solubilized collagen solution (isoelectric point 9.0) obtained in Example 4 was adjusted to a collagen concentration of 0.75 mg / ml by adding 5-fold concentration of PBS ( ⁇ ) at 37 ° C. Collagen regenerated fibers were formed with stirring overnight. The regenerated fiber dispersion was crushed with a homogenizer to prepare a fine regenerated fiber dispersion. From this regenerated fiber dispersion, the precipitate was recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes, and the centrifugation was repeated 10 times to obtain a crude collagen precipitate. The average particle diameter of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 213 ⁇ m. The collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 30% by mass.
- Example 1 50 g of the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 1 (final concentration: 1% by mass) was added to 950 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C. and dispersed for 30 minutes using a homogenizer, and the dispersion was filtered. However, the filtered collagen dispersion became a film and did not become a powder. Table 1 shows the properties of the coarse collagen precipitate, the isoelectric point, the possibility of pulverization, and the like.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2) Sodium hydroxide was added to the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 1 to adjust to pH 4.5, and the mixture was stirred with a mascolloider at a flow rate of 500 ml / min, a rotation speed of 1,500 rpm, and a clearance of 50 ⁇ m. The collagen was then isoelectrically precipitated. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 141 ⁇ m. Subsequently, the precipitate was recovered by centrifugation at 17,500 rpm for 20 minutes, washed again with distilled water adjusted to pH 4.5, desalted, and recovered as a crude collagen precipitate. The collagen concentration of the crude collagen precipitate was 10% by mass.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) (1) Sodium hydroxide was added to the alkali-solubilized collagen solution obtained in Example 1 to adjust the pH to 4.5, and the mixture was allowed to stand to cause isoelectric point precipitation of collagen. The average particle size of the collagen precipitate contained in the obtained precipitate was 1,858 ⁇ m. The precipitate was recovered by centrifugation, washed again with distilled water adjusted to pH 4.5, desalted, and centrifuged 10 times to recover as a crude collagen precipitate. The collagen concentration of this crude collagen precipitate was 33% by mass.
- FIG. 9 shows a phase contrast microscopic image of the obtained collagen precipitate.
- Example 2 After 50 g of the obtained crude collagen precipitate was put into 950 g of ethanol at a temperature of 20 ° C., dispersed using a homogenizer for 30 minutes, and the dispersion was filtered. However, the filtered collagen dispersion became a film and did not become a powder.
- Example 2 Using 5 mg of the obtained collagen solid, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to evaluate the solubility. Table 1 shows the outline of Comparative Example 3, Table 5 shows the solubility, and Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate. Further, FIG. 12 shows the change over time in the collagen concentration of the supernatant in the measurement of the dissolution initial rate.
- Example 4 The isoelectric point precipitate of alkali-solubilized collagen obtained in Example 1 was dispersed in distilled water to a final concentration of 3%, and homogenized for 30 minutes so as to obtain a uniform dispersion. Using a spray dryer, this dispersion was spray dried by adjusting the hot air temperature so that the inlet temperature was 120 ° C. and the outlet temperature was 60 ° C. to obtain collagen powder. Table 1 shows an outline of Comparative Example 4, and Table 4 shows solubility results. The collagen powder obtained by spray drying dissolved only about 20% even after 20 hours.
- Example 1 Since the collagen precipitate as the raw material is the same as in Example 1, the difference in solubility from Example 1 is not due to the difference in collagen molecules, but due to the difference in shape depending on the treatment process.
- the spray-dried product became lumpy because the collagen powder was fine, and only the surface of the dam was translucent and dissolved.
- the average particle diameter of collagen particles is as small as 4.60 ⁇ m and the surface thereof is relatively smooth, so that the solution does not easily penetrate into the inside of the dust, which is considered to be the reason why the solubility is poor.
- none of the Examples 1 to 4 and Examples 7 to 10 formed lumps.
- Example 5 The crude collagen precipitate obtained in Example 1 was redissolved in hydrochloric acid so as to have a final concentration of 1% by mass, and then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to obtain an alkali-solubilized collagen solution having a pH of 7.5. It was. This solution was freeze-dried to produce a collagen sponge.
- FIG. 13 shows an electron microscope image of the collagen sponge.
- Table 1 shows an outline of Comparative Example 5
- Table 5 shows the solubility
- Table 6 shows the results of the initial dissolution rate.
- FIG. 12 shows the change over time in the collagen concentration of the supernatant in the measurement of the dissolution initial rate.
- Example 6 The crude collagen precipitate obtained in Example 1 was redissolved in hydrochloric acid so as to have a final concentration of 1% by mass, and then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to obtain an alkali-solubilized collagen solution having a pH of 7.5. It was. This solution was discharged into ethanol using a 27 gauge injection needle, and then air-dried to prepare collagen fibers.
- FIG. 14 shows an electron microscope image of the collagen fiber.
- the present invention is based on Japanese Patent Applications 2010-172698 and 2010-172699 filed on July 30, 2010.
- the specification, claims, and entire drawings of Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 2010-172698 and 2010-172699 are incorporated herein by reference.
- fine collagen powder and / or collagen derivative powder can be produced by a simple operation.
- the obtained collagen powder and the like are excellent in thermal stability, and the solution can form a triple helical structure and is useful.
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Abstract
Description
本願明細書において、「コラーゲン」とは、タンパク質の一種で、3本のポリペプチド鎖が螺旋を巻いたものの総称である。従来からI~XXIX型が知られているが、本発明で使用するコラーゲンとしてはいずれであってもよく、新たに見出されるコラーゲンであってもよい。生体内に含まれるコラーゲンの大部分は水に不溶性であり、本発明では、動物の皮や骨等の原料に含まれるコラーゲンをプロテアーゼなどの酵素を添加して可溶化したもの、アルカリを添加して可溶化したものを「可溶化コラーゲン」と称する。なお、生体内には、動物の皮や骨等の原料には、わずかに中性塩溶液や酸性溶液に溶ける可溶性コラーゲンも含まれている。本発明で使用するコラーゲンは、水溶液に溶解するものであれば、不溶性コラーゲンを可溶化したものであってもよく、本来含まれる可溶性コラーゲンであってもよい。なお、本願明細書では生体内に大量に存在する不溶性コラーゲンを原料として調製される「可溶化コラーゲン」を用いて説明するが、本願発明における「コラーゲン」には、「可溶性コラーゲン」と「可溶化コラーゲン」との双方が含まれる。また、「コラーゲン線維」とは、複数の「コラーゲン分子」どうしが会合したものを意味する。コラーゲン分子としては、前記可溶化コラーゲンや可溶性コラーゲンが相当する。可溶化コラーゲン溶液を等電点沈殿し、または塩析するとコラーゲン分子どうしが会合し、コラーゲン線維を沈殿物として分取することができる。コラーゲン線維は、沈殿の際に複数のコラーゲン線維が会合して大きな凝集体として沈殿する場合がある。従って、本発明において「会合」とは、コラーゲン分子どうしの結合とコラーゲン線維どうしの結合の双方を含むものとする。また、「コラーゲン沈殿物」とは、コラーゲン溶液から固体で析出したコラーゲンを意味し、「コラーゲン粉末」とは、「コラーゲン沈殿物の粉状固形物」を意味する。
アシル化コラーゲンとしては、サクシニル化コラーゲン、フタル化コラーゲン、マレイル化コラーゲンなどがある。例えば、酵素処理によって抽出したアテロコラーゲン溶液をpH9~12に調整し、その後、コハク酸、無水フタル酸、無水マレイン酸などの酸無水物を添加してなるサクシニル化コラーゲン、フタル化コラーゲン、マレイル化コラーゲンなどのアシル化コラーゲンなどがある。
エステル化コラーゲンとしては、可溶化コラーゲンをエステル化したもののほか、不溶性コラーゲンをエステル化した後に酵素反応などで可溶化されたエステル化コラーゲンなどがある。
例えば、1価アルコールとしては、メタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、1-ブタノール、dl-2-ブタノール、tert-ブタノール、1-ペンタノール、dl-2-ペンタノール、3-ペンタノール、1-ヘキサノール、dl-2-ヘキサノール、dl-3-ヘキサノール、1-ヘプタノール、2-ヘプタノール、3-ヘプタノール、1-オクタノール、dl-2-オクタノール、3-オクタノール、1-ノナノール、2-ノナノール、3-ノナノール、4-ノナノール、5-ノナノール、デカノール、1-ウンデカノール、2-ウンデカノール、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテルなどが挙げられる。
本発明で使用する粗コラーゲン沈殿物は、「平均粒子径1~1,000μmのコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物を12~50質量%含有する粗コラーゲン沈殿物」である。
本発明で使用する粗コラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、1~1,000μm、より好ましくは5~900μm、特に好ましくは10~750μm、更に好ましくは30~500μmである。平均粒子径が1,000μmを超えると粉末化が困難となる場合がある。なお、コラーゲン分子の長径は300nmであり、コラーゲン分子どうしの会合が生じない場合には、コラーゲンの粒子径は300nmとなる。しかしながら、後記するように、このような300nmのコラーゲン分子が平行に複数結合してなるSLS線維は、SLS線維が相互に会合して凝集体を形成し、沈殿物となることが判明した。このようなSLS線維の沈殿物では3個以上のSLS線維が会合していると想定して1μmを下限とした。なお、本願における粗コラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、位相差顕微鏡で観察した値である。本願発明では、位相差顕微鏡像の長径をもって粗コラーゲン沈殿物の粒子径とし、十視野に含まれる全ての粗コラーゲン沈殿物の粒子径を平均し、平均粒子径とした。
物理的処理方法としては、例えば、コラーゲンやコラーゲン誘導体を溶解する溶液を撹拌しつつ塩析させ、または溶液を撹拌しつつpH3.5~10で等電点沈殿させる方法がある。撹拌によってコラーゲン分子どうしの会合が抑制され線維長の短いコラーゲン線維となり、更に複数のコラーゲン線維の会合による凝集体の生成を抑制することができる。更には、生成した沈殿物を破砕することで、粒子径の短いコラーゲン沈殿物を沈殿させることができる。撹拌の程度は、溶液のコラーゲンやコラーゲン誘導体の濃度、撹拌方法、撹拌容器の形状やサイズなどによって適宜選択することができる。また、コラーゲン線維の会合による凝集体の生成を抑制し、または生成する沈殿物の破砕を効率的に行うため、撹拌と破砕機構を有する装置を使用してもよい。
また、化学的処理方法としては、コラーゲン分子同士の会合を阻止する会合阻止剤を添加する方法がある。このような会合阻止剤としては、グルコース、スクロース、キシロース、ガラクトース、フルクトース、グリセリンなどの糖類がある。また、コラーゲン分子の束状集合体を形成させるATPがある。例えばコラーゲン溶液に酸性条件下でアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)を加え、コラーゲン分子の塩基性部位同士をATPのリン酸基で架橋させる。ATPによって複数のコラーゲン分子が平行に架橋し、コラーゲン分子の塩基性部位同士がATPのリン酸基で架橋されたSLS(Segment-long-spacing)線維が生成される。すなわち、前記した疎水性相互作用によるコラーゲン分子どうしの会合に優先して、ATPによるコラーゲン分子の架橋が生じるため、300nmのコラーゲン分子が平行に連結された、平均粒子径300nmのSLS線維となる。なお、複数のSLS線維が会合して凝集体を形成し、沈殿する。SLS線維には、コラーゲンのほかにATPが架橋剤として含まれるが、他のコラーゲンやコラーゲン誘導体と同様にATPを含んだまま粉末化することができる。また、SLS線維の沈殿物を得た後にATPを除去し、その後に粉末化してもよい。
粗コラーゲン沈殿物における前記平均粒子径1~1,000μmのコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度は、12~50質量%、より好ましくは15~40質量%、特に好ましくは20~35質量%である。12質量%を下回ると、粗コラーゲン沈殿物の含水率が高すぎるため親水性有機溶媒による脱水効率が悪く、乾燥すると微細かつ多孔質のコラーゲン粉末とならずにフィルム状になる場合がある。一方、50質量%以上の粗コラーゲン沈殿物を調製することは容易でなく、また、親水性有機溶媒に均一に分散できない場合がある。なお、粗コラーゲン沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物以外の主成分は、沈殿前のコラーゲン溶液やコラーゲン誘導体溶液を構成する水溶液である。
本発明では、等電点沈殿や塩析で得た粗コラーゲン沈殿物を原料として用いることができる。等電点沈殿物の調製工程において塩析も行われるため、以下、等電点沈澱物を調製する場合で粗コラーゲン沈殿物の調製方法を説明する。また、本発明では、I~XXIX型のいずれのコラーゲンも使用可能であるが、生体からI型コラーゲンを抽出する場合で以下に説明する。
例えば、原料となる不溶性コラーゲンとして、石灰漬け後の床皮を洗浄し、ハムスライサーで約10cm角に細切、ミンチ後さらに機械的にすり潰したものを、アセトン、エーテルなどの有機溶剤あるいは脂肪分解酵素使用して脱脂後、十分に洗浄したものを使用することができる。
牛皮の真皮層を肉挽き等で細砕し、脱脂後十分に洗浄した不溶性コラーゲンを原料とすることができる。不溶性コラーゲンをコラーゲン終濃度1質量%となるよう蒸留水に懸濁後、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整する。コラーゲン重量に対し百分の一量の酸性プロテアーゼを加え25℃、72時間可溶化処理を行う。酵素反応停止後、上記のようにして得た酵素可溶化コラーゲン液に、終濃度5質量%となるよう塩化ナトリウムを加えて塩析させ、遠心分離により沈澱を回収する。回収した塩析沈澱を、コラーゲン濃度2質量%となる容量の蒸留水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整して均一に溶解し、コラーゲン溶液を得る。次に、このコラーゲン溶液を布および濾紙で濾過した後、水酸化ナトリウムでpH9.0となるよう調整すれば、等電点9.0の粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得ることができる。
不溶性コラーゲンや(iii-2)記載の前記酵素可溶化コラーゲンを終濃度3質量%水酸化ナトリウム、1.9%(v/w)モノメチルアミン水溶液に懸濁し、所望の時間アルカリ処理を行うことで沈殿物を得ることができる。例えば、酵素可溶化コラーゲンを原料とする場合、4時間のアルカリ処理で等電点が7.8へと低下し、1日のアルカリ処理により等電点が5.6にまで低下する。所望の等電点となった時に、塩酸を加えて反応を停止し、終濃度5質量%となるよう塩化ナトリウムを加えて塩析させ、遠心分離により沈澱を回収する。回収した塩析沈殿物を、コラーゲン濃度2質量%となる容量の蒸留水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整して均一に溶解し、コラーゲン溶液を得る。次に、このコラーゲン溶液を、布および濾紙で濾過した後、水酸化ナトリウムで所望の等電点のpHとなるよう調整すれば、等電点4.5~9.0の粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得ることができる。
不溶性コラーゲンや(iii-2)記載の酵素可溶化コラーゲン、または(iii-1)記載のアルカリ可溶化コラーゲンをアシル化あるいはエステル化して、等電点pH4.5~9.0のコラーゲン誘導体を得ることができる。なお、コラーゲン分子中のカルボキシル基を、カルボン酸クロライドに誘導し、前記アルコール類の水酸基と酸クロライドの脱塩酸反応によってもエステル化を行うこともできる。
コラーゲンやコラーゲン誘導体の等電点は、可溶化方法やその他によって調整することができる。本発明では、等電点沈殿物としては、前記コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体溶液をpH3.5~10に調整して得たコラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を対象とする。等電点とは、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する水溶液でコラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体が最小の溶解度を示す溶液のpHを意味する。一般に、コラーゲンの等電点は、pH4.3~9.3であるが、pH4.3未満やpH9.3超の溶液でも沈殿物が形成されうるため、前記コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体溶液をpH3.5~10に調整して得たコラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を等電点沈殿物とした。より好ましくは、pH4.0~9.0、特に好ましくはpH4.5~9.0の等電点沈殿物である。また、用途に応じて、pH3.5~8.0、pH3.5~7.0、pH3.5~6.0やpH4.5~5.0の等電点沈殿物を使用することもできる。後記する実施例に示すように、本発明のコラーゲン粉末は、平均粒子径が大きくても微細粒子とほぼ同じ比表面積を有するため、溶解性に優れると考えられ、本来、溶解性に劣る中性溶液でも溶解性に優れる。
前記した粗コラーゲン沈殿物を分散させる親水性有機溶媒としては、水と混和しうる炭素含有溶媒であればよく、特に制限されず、例えばアルコール、ケトン、エーテル、エステル、極性非プロトン性溶媒などが挙げられる。
使用量は、親水性有機溶媒によって適宜選択することができるが、例えば、エタノールを使用する場合は、前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物1質量部に対して、エタノールを3~2000質量部、好ましくは5~1000質量部、より好ましくは10~100質量部、特に好ましくは10~30質量部添加することが好ましい。
本発明のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末は、前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥して得られる。親水性有機溶媒によって粗コラーゲン沈殿物を脱水し、得られた固形物を乾燥してなるコラーゲン粉末やコラーゲン誘導体粉末である。
本発明のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末は、等電点がpH3.5~8.0、より好ましくは等電点pH3.5~7.0、特には等電点pH3.5~6.0の場合は、当該粉末5mgのpH6.5溶液の溶解初速度が0.2mg/分以上、より好ましくは0.3mg/分以上、特に好ましくは0.5mg/分以上である。なお、本発明において「溶解初速度」は、後記する実施例に示す方法で測定したものである。
従来の等電点pH3.5~8.0のコラーゲンは、中性溶液での溶解性が十分でないため、一旦、その等電点より酸性側の溶液に溶解し、次いでアルカリを添加してpH5.5~8.5に調整する必要があった。本発明では、例えば等電点がpH4.5のコラーゲン粉末の場合、pH5.5~8.5の溶解液に速やかに溶解するためより酸性の強い酸に溶解する必要がなく、従って、その後のアルカリの添加も不要である。溶解操作が簡便であるばかりでなく酸とアルカリとによる塩類の形成を回避することができる。また、アルカリに溶解する必要がないため、コラーゲンのペプチド化を回避することができ、三重螺旋構造の含有率の高いコラーゲン溶液を製造することができる。
また、本発明のコラーゲン粉末およびコラーゲン誘導体粉末は、粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒で分散したため、溶媒中にコラーゲンが微細に分散し、得られる沈殿物が多孔質となり、比表面積が拡大することが判明した。本発明のコラーゲン粉末およびコラーゲン誘導体粉末の比表面積は、0.5m2/g以上、好ましくは0.8~30m2/g、より好ましくは以上、1.0~25m2/g、特に好ましくは1.2~20m2/g、更に好ましくは1.5~20m2/gである。このような比表面積によって、親水性、溶解性が確保される。
本発明のコラーゲン粉末やコラーゲン誘導体粉末は、医療用途や化粧用用途などに好適に使用することできる。例えば、化粧用用途としては、化粧水、乳液、美容液、一般クリーム、クレンジングなどの洗顔料、パック、ひげそり用クリーム、日焼け止めクリーム、日焼け止めローション、日焼けローション、化粧石鹸、ファンデーション、おしろい、口紅、リップクリーム、シャンプー、リンスなどを例示することができる。
本発明のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末は、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体の会合を制御しつつpH3.5~10で等電点沈澱して平均粒子径1~1,000μmの等電点沈殿物を得て、前記等電点沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度を調整して12~50質量%含有する粗コラーゲン沈殿物とし、前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥することで製造することができる。
コラーゲン溶液を等電点沈殿させ、または塩析させると、一般には、平均粒子径が約2,000μmのコラーゲン沈殿物となって沈殿する。しかしながら、前記したようにコラーゲン分子の会合を抑制し、または物理的に粉砕して平均粒子径が1~1,000μmのコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物からなる粗コラーゲン沈殿物を調製することができる。
本発明では、このようにして得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物を前記親水性有機溶媒に分散させる。これによって粗コラーゲン組成物を脱水するためである。使用する親水性有機溶媒の温度は、15℃以下であることが好ましい。可溶化コラーゲンやコラーゲン誘導体を変性させず、三重螺旋構造を維持するためである。
親水性有機溶媒に分散させた粗コラーゲン沈殿物は、溶媒中で沈殿する。本発明では、この沈殿物を分取するため、親水性有機溶媒分散液を濾過し、または遠心分離などの分離手段によってコラーゲン沈殿物を分取する。
このような親水性有機溶媒による分散および分取は、1回で十分であるが、2~3回など複数回行ってもよい。
本発明では、前記固形物を乾燥し、コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末を得ることができる。本発明では、室温で風乾することで前記固形物を乾燥しうる点に特徴がある。ただし、乾燥機を用いるなど他の方法で乾燥してもよい。その際、温度は15℃未満とすることが好ましい。
(1)豚皮の真皮層を肉挽き等で細砕し、脱脂後十分に洗浄した不溶性コラーゲンを原料とした。終濃度3質量%水酸化ナトリウム、1.9%(v/w)モノメチルアミンとなるよう混合した可溶化水溶液に、コラーゲン終濃度4.5質量%となるよう調製した不溶性コラーゲンを懸濁し、18℃、3週間可溶化処理を行った。上記のようにして得たアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン液に、終濃度5質量%となるよう塩化ナトリウムを加えて塩析させ、遠心分離により沈澱を回収した。回収した塩析沈澱を、コラーゲン濃度3質量%となる容量の蒸留水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整して均一に溶解した。次に布および濾紙で濾過した後、水酸化ナトリウムでpH4.5となるよう調整し、マスコロイダー(石臼式磨砕機:増幸産業社製)にて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmで撹拌しながらコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、141μmであった。次いで、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収し、再びpH4.5に調整した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は30質量%であった。得られたコラーゲン沈殿物の位相差顕微鏡像を図1に示す。
溶解初速度の測定
内径10mm、長さ40mm、容量2mlの円筒形チューブに、サンプル5mgを表1の溶解液B 1mlと共に混合して密栓し、1分間に20回の180℃の転倒混和を行った。なお、溶解液Bおよび操作は、温度20℃にて行った。混和後、2分、4分、6分、8分、10分、15分、20分、30分にその一部をサンプリングし、5,000rpmで遠心した上澄み液をSDS-ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動を行い、ゲルをCBBで染色した。脱色後、コラーゲンのバンドの濃度を画像解析ソフト(NIH image)を用いて定量し上澄み液のコラーゲン濃度を算出した。ついで、経過時間とコラーゲン濃度との関係から、溶解初速度を算出した。なお、溶解初速度は、混和0時から10分以内の直線性のある時間で算出した。
表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。なお、表5において、◎は45分未満に溶解した場合、○は45分以上90分未満内に溶解した場合、△は90分以上180分未満内で溶解した場合、×は180分以内には溶解しない場合を示す。
また、図12に溶解初速度の測定における、上記上澄みのコラーゲン濃度の経時変化を示す。
粗コラーゲン沈殿物を分散させる親水性有機溶媒をアセトンに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に操作してコラーゲン粉末を得た。得られたコラーゲン粉末5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に実施例2の概要、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。溶解液の添加により、コラーゲン粉末は速やかに溶解し、透明のコラーゲン溶液となった。
粗コラーゲン沈殿物を分散させる親水性有機溶媒をジエチルエーテルに変更した以外は実施例1と同様に操作してコラーゲン粉末を得た。得られたコラーゲン粉末5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に実施例3の概要、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。溶解液の添加により、コラーゲン粉末は速やかに溶解し、透明のコラーゲン溶液となった。
(1)牛皮の真皮層を肉挽き等で細砕し、脱脂後十分に洗浄した不溶性コラーゲンを原料とした。不溶性コラーゲンをコラーゲン終濃度2質量%となるよう蒸留水に懸濁後、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整した。コラーゲン重量に対し百分の一量の酸性プロテアーゼを加え25℃、72時間可溶化処理を行った。酵素反応停止後、上記のようにして得た酵素可溶化コラーゲン液に、終濃度5質量%となるよう塩化ナトリウムを加えて塩析させ、遠心分離により沈澱を回収した。回収した塩析沈澱を、コラーゲン濃度1質量%となる容量の蒸留水に分散させ、塩酸を加えてpH3.0に調整して均一に溶解した。次に布および濾紙で濾過した後、水酸化ナトリウムでpH9.0となるよう調整し、マスコロイダーにて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmで撹拌しながらコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、131μmであった。次いで、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収後、再びpH9.0に調整した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は23質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。
実施例4で得られた酵素可溶化コラーゲン液に、終濃度5質量%となるよう塩化ナトリウムを加えてマスコロイダーにて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmで撹拌しながらコラーゲンを塩析させ、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得た。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、142μmであった。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は38質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例4で得られた酵素可溶化コラーゲン液に、終濃度0.22質量%となるようアデノシン三リン酸2ナトリウム(ATP 2Na)を撹拌しながら加え、氷上で一時間静置させた。生成したSLS線維を遠心分離により回収した。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、13.4μmであった。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は12質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物80mgを温度20℃のエタノール20gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン液に、水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpH4.5となるよう調製し、静置することによりコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。その後、マスコロイダーにて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmの条件で等電点沈澱を破砕した。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は724μmであった。遠心分離により沈澱を回収後、再びpH4.5に調製した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は27質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。
得られたコラーゲン粉末5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示し、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。また、図12に溶解初速度の測定における、上記上澄みのコラーゲン濃度の経時変化を示す。
実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン液に、水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpH4.5となるよう調製し、静置することによりコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。その後、マスコロイダーにて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmの条件で、3回等電点沈澱を破砕した。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は335μmであった。遠心分離により沈澱を回収後、再びpH4.5に調製した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は28質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。
得られたコラーゲン粉末5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示し、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。
実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲンの等電点沈殿物(等電点pH4.5)をメタノール中に分散し、終濃度0.1Mとなるように塩酸を加えた。室温で3時間撹拌しながらエステル化反応を行い、水酸化ナトリウム溶液でpHを中性にして反応を停止させると共にコラーゲンを沈澱させた。沈殿物を遠心して分取した後、10mMの酢酸に再溶解し、メチルエステル化コラーゲンを得た。メチルエステル化コラーゲンの等電点はpH7.9であった。
メチルエステル化コラーゲン溶液に、終濃度5質量%となるように塩化ナトリウムを加えてホモジナイザーで撹拌しながら塩析し、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得た。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は244μmであり、コラーゲン濃度は29質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物0.5gを温度20℃のエタノール9.5gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾してコラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例4で得られた酵素可溶化コラーゲン液(等電点pH9.0)に水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加えてpH8~9に調整し、コラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。この等電点沈澱分散液に終濃度0.5mMとなるように無水コハク酸を加え、室温で撹拌しながら1時間アシル化反応を行った。反応後、塩酸を加えて溶液を酸性にし、終濃度5質量%となるように塩化ナトリウムを加えて反応を停止させると共にサクシニル化コラーゲンを沈澱させた。沈殿物を遠心して分取した後、サクシニル化コラーゲンを10mMの酢酸に再溶解し、サクシニル化コラーゲンを得た。サクシニル化コラーゲンの等電点は5.4であった。
サクシニル化コラーゲン液に、終濃度5質量%となるように塩化ナトリウムを加えてホモジナイザーで撹拌しながら塩析させ、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得た。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、167μmであり、コラーゲン濃度は42質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物0.5gを温度20℃のエタノール9.5gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例4で得られた酵素可溶化コラーゲン液(等電点9.0)に5倍濃度のPBS(-)を加えて、コラーゲン濃度0.75mg/mlとなるように調整し、37℃で一晩撹拌しながらコラーゲン再生線維を形成させた。この再生線維分散液をホモジナイザーで破砕し、微細な再生線維分散液を調製した。この再生線維分散液を、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物を得た。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、213μmであった。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は30質量%であった。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物0.5gを温度20℃のエタノール9.5gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過して固形コラーゲンを分取し、室温で風乾することによりコラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン溶液(終濃度1質量%)50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過した。しかし、濾過したコラーゲン分散物はフィルム状となり、粉末にはならなかった。表1に粗コラーゲン沈殿物の性状、等電点、粉末化の可否などを示す。
実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン液に、水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpH4.5となるよう調整し、マスコロイダーにて流速500ml/min、回転数1,500rpm、クリアランス50μmで撹拌しながらコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、141μmであった。次いで、17,500rpm、20分の遠心分離により沈澱を回収後、再びpH4.5に調整した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は10質量%であった。
(1) 実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン液に、水酸化ナトリウムを添加してpH4.5となるよう調整し、静置することによりコラーゲンを等電点沈澱させた。得られた沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物の平均粒子径は、1,858μmであった。遠心分離により沈澱を回収後、再びpH4.5に調整した蒸留水で洗浄して脱塩し、上記遠心分離を10回行い、粗コラーゲン沈殿物として回収した。この粗コラーゲン沈殿物のコラーゲン濃度は33質量%であった。得られたコラーゲン沈殿物の位相差顕微鏡像を図9に示す。
次いで、得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物50gを温度20℃のエタノール950gに投入し、ホモジナイザーを用いて30分間分散させ、分散液を濾過した。しかし、濾過したコラーゲン分散物はフィルム状となり、粉末にはならなかった。
(2) 得られたコラーゲン固形物5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に、比較例3の概要を示し、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。また、図12に溶解初速度の測定における、上記上澄みのコラーゲン濃度の経時変化を示す。
(1)実施例1で得たアルカリ可溶化コラーゲンの等電点沈殿物を終濃度3%となるように蒸留水に分散し、均一な分散液となるように30分間ホモジナイズした。この分散液を、噴霧乾燥機を使用して、入口温度120℃、出口温度60℃になるように熱風温度を調整してスプレードライし、コラーゲン粉末を得た。表1に比較例4の概要を示し、表4に溶解性の結果を示す。
噴霧乾燥して得たコラーゲン粉末は20時間後にも約20%程度しか溶解しなかった。原料のコラーゲン沈殿物は実施例1と同じものであるため、実施例1との溶解性の差は、コラーゲン分子の相違ではなく処理工程に依存した形状の相違によるものである。溶け残りを観察すると、噴霧乾燥品はコラーゲン粉末が微細であるためダマ状になり、ダマの表面のみ半透明で溶解していた。噴霧乾燥ではコラーゲン粒子の平均粒子径が4.60μmと小さく、かつその表面が比較的滑らかであるため溶解液がダマの内部まで浸透しにくく、これが溶解性に劣る理由と考えられる。これに対し、実施例1~4、実施例7~10はいずれもダマを形成することは無かった。
(2)上記(1)で調製したコラーゲン粉末について、実施例1と同様にして、BET1点法にて比表面積を、レーザー回折・散乱法にて粒度分布を測定した。比表面積および平均粒子径を表3に、粒度分布を図10に、コラーゲン粉末の電子顕微鏡像を図11に示す。
(1) 実施例1で得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物を終濃度1質量%となるように塩酸に再溶解し、その後水酸化ナトリウムで中和してpH7.5のアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン溶液を得た。この溶液を凍結乾燥し、コラーゲンスポンジを作製した。図13に、コラーゲンスポンジの電子顕微鏡像を示す。
(2) 得られたコラーゲンスポンジ5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に、比較例5の概要を示し、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。また、図12に溶解初速度の測定における、上記上澄みのコラーゲン濃度の経時変化を示す。
(1) 実施例1で得られた粗コラーゲン沈殿物を終濃度1質量%となるように塩酸に再溶解し、その後水酸化ナトリウムで中和してpH7.5のアルカリ可溶化コラーゲン溶液を得た。この溶液を27ゲージの注射針を用いてエタノール中に吐出し、その後風乾することによりコラーゲン繊維を作製した。図14に、コラーゲン繊維の電子顕微鏡像を示す。
(2) 得られたコラーゲン繊維5mgを使用し、実施例1と同様に操作し、溶解性を評価した。表1に、比較例6の概要を示し、表5に溶解性、表6に溶解初速度の結果を示す。
Claims (9)
- 平均粒子径1~1,000μmのコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物を12~50質量%含有する粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥してなるコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末。
- 前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物は、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体のpH3.5~10での等電点沈澱物、または塩析物であること特徴とする、請求項1記載のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末。
- 前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物の等電点はpH3.5~8.0であり、
当該粉末5mgのpH6.5溶液の溶解初速度が0.2mg/分以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末。 - コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体の会合を制御しつつpH3.5~10で等電点沈澱させて平均粒子径1~1,000μmの等電点沈殿物を得て、
前記等電点沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度を調整して12~50質量%含有する粗コラーゲン沈殿物とし、
前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥することを特徴とする、コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。 - 前記コラーゲンの会合の制御は、前記コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を撹拌することである、請求項4記載のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。
- コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を、pH3.5~10で等電点沈澱させ、前記沈殿を破砕して平均粒子径1~1,000μmの等電点沈殿物を得て、
前記等電点沈殿物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度を調整して12~50質量%含有する粗コラーゲン沈殿物とし、
前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥することを特徴とする、コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。 - コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を、コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体の会合を制御しつつ塩析して平均粒子径1~1,000μmの塩析物を得て、
前記塩析物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度を12~50質量%に調整して粗コラーゲン沈殿物とし、
前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥することを特徴とする、コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。 - コラーゲンおよび/またはコラーゲン誘導体を含有する溶液を塩析し、前記塩析物を破砕して平均粒子径1~1,000μmの塩析物を得て、
前記塩析物に含まれるコラーゲン沈殿物および/またはコラーゲン誘導体沈殿物の濃度を12~50質量%に調整して粗コラーゲン沈殿物とし、
前記粗コラーゲン沈殿物を親水性有機溶媒に分散させ、固形物を分取し、乾燥することを特徴とする、コラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。 - 前記親水性有機溶媒が、アルコール、ケトン、エーテルおよびこれらの混合液である、請求項4~8のいずれかに記載のコラーゲン粉末および/またはコラーゲン誘導体粉末の製造方法。
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