WO2012014780A1 - 双極型電極およびそれを用いた双極型二次電池並びに双極型電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
双極型電極およびそれを用いた双極型二次電池並びに双極型電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012014780A1 WO2012014780A1 PCT/JP2011/066580 JP2011066580W WO2012014780A1 WO 2012014780 A1 WO2012014780 A1 WO 2012014780A1 JP 2011066580 W JP2011066580 W JP 2011066580W WO 2012014780 A1 WO2012014780 A1 WO 2012014780A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
- H01M10/0418—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes with bipolar electrodes
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bipolar electrode, a bipolar secondary battery using the same, and a method for manufacturing the bipolar electrode.
- the production amount of secondary batteries as drive sources for these electric vehicles has increased.
- a bipolar secondary battery having a structure in which current collecting plates are arranged on the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a battery element having single cells stacked in series, as disclosed in JP 1997-23003A, for example.
- JP 1997-23003A JP 1997-23003A
- blocks at least a positive electrode material layer, a negative electrode material layer, and an electrolyte layer of this laminated body from external air is provided.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a bipolar electrode suitable for suppressing the warpage of the bipolar electrode, a bipolar secondary battery using the same, and a method of manufacturing the bipolar electrode. Objective.
- the present invention provides a first active material layer formed to include a first active material on one surface of a current collector, and a first active material on the other surface of the current collector.
- a bipolar electrode comprising a second active material layer formed to contain a second active material having a low compressive strength. Then, an additive material having a compressive strength greater than that of the second active material is included in the second active material layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the overall structure of a bipolar secondary battery showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram showing a state before pressing a bipolar electrode in which a density adjusting additive is mixed with a negative electrode active material.
- FIG. 2B is an explanatory diagram showing a state after pressing the bipolar electrode of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state after pressing a bipolar electrode in which a negative electrode active material is mixed with a density adjusting additive having a large particle size.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state after pressing of a bipolar electrode in which a density adjusting additive having an anisotropic shape is mixed with a negative electrode active material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the overall structure of a bipolar secondary battery showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram showing a state before pressing a bipolar electrode
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a state after pressing a bipolar electrode in which a density adjusting additive usable as an active material is mixed with a negative electrode active material.
- FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing a state before pressing a bipolar electrode in which a density adjusting additive having the same mechanical characteristics as the press pressure-elongation relationship of the positive electrode active material layer is mixed with the negative electrode active material.
- 6B is an explanatory view showing a state after pressing the bipolar electrode of FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram of elongation in the plane direction with respect to the pressing pressure of the positive and negative electrode active materials and the density adjusting additive.
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view of a current collector in an example in which protrusions corresponding to the density adjusting additive are provided on the current collector.
- FIG. 8B is an explanatory diagram showing a state after pressing of the bipolar electrode configured by the current collector of FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9A is an explanatory view showing a state before pressing a bipolar electrode according to a known technique.
- FIG. 9B is an explanatory view showing a state after pressing the bipolar electrode of FIG. 9A.
- a bipolar electrode of the present invention a bipolar secondary battery using the same, and a method of manufacturing the bipolar electrode will be described based on an embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same members.
- the dimensional ratios in the drawings are exaggerated for convenience of explanation, and may be different from the actual ratios.
- a bipolar lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example.
- FIG. 1 shows a flat (stacked) lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter simply referred to as a bipolar lithium ion secondary battery), which is a typical embodiment of a lithium ion secondary battery using the bipolar electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the entire structure of a secondary battery.
- the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 of the present embodiment has a structure in which a substantially rectangular battery element 17 in which a charge / discharge reaction actually proceeds is sealed inside a battery exterior material 20.
- the battery element 17 of the bipolar secondary battery 10 of the present embodiment has an electrolyte layer 15 sandwiched between two or more bipolar electrodes 14, and the positive electrode active of adjacent bipolar electrodes 14.
- the material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 are opposed to each other with the electrolyte layer 15 interposed therebetween.
- the bipolar electrode 14 has a structure in which the positive electrode active material layer 12 is provided on one surface of the current collector 11 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 is provided on the other surface.
- the bipolar electrode 14 having the positive electrode active material layer 12 on one surface of the current collector 11 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 on the other surface is provided with the electrolyte layer 15.
- a battery element 17 having a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked via a battery is provided.
- the adjacent positive electrode active material layer 12, electrolyte layer 15, and negative electrode active material layer 13 constitute one unit cell layer 16. Therefore, it can be said that the bipolar secondary battery 10 has a configuration in which the single battery layers 16 are laminated. Further, in order to prevent liquid junction due to leakage of the electrolytic solution from the electrolyte layer 15, a seal portion 21 is disposed on the periphery of the unit cell layer 16. By providing the seal portion 21, the adjacent current collectors 11 can be insulated from each other, and a short circuit due to contact between adjacent electrodes, that is, contact between the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 can be prevented.
- the positive electrode side electrode 14a and the negative electrode side electrode 14b located in the outermost layer of the battery element 17 may not have a bipolar electrode structure.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 may be formed on only one surface of the positive electrode outermost layer current collector 11 a located in the outermost layer of the battery element 17.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 may be formed only on one side of the negative electrode side outermost layer current collector 11 b located in the outermost layer of the battery element 17.
- the positive electrode current collector plate 18 and the negative electrode tab functioning also as the positive electrode tab on the positive electrode side outermost layer current collector 11a and the negative electrode side outermost layer current collector 11b at the upper and lower ends, respectively.
- a functioning negative electrode current collector plate 19 is joined.
- the positive electrode side outermost layer current collector 11 a may be extended to form the positive electrode current collector plate 18, and may be derived from a laminate sheet that is the battery exterior material 20.
- the negative electrode side outermost layer current collector 11 b may be extended to form a negative electrode current collector plate 19, and similarly, a structure derived from a laminate sheet that is the battery outer packaging material 20 may be employed.
- the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 also has a structure in which the battery element 17 portion is sealed in the battery outer packaging material 20 under reduced pressure, and the positive electrode current collecting plate 18 and the negative electrode current collecting plate 19 are taken out of the battery outer packaging material 20. It is good. This is because such a structure can prevent external impact and environmental degradation during use.
- the basic configuration of the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 can be said to be a configuration in which a plurality of stacked unit cell layers 16 are connected in series.
- the bipolar electrode 14 of the present invention used in the bipolar secondary battery 10 is composed of at least two layers in which the current collector 11 contains a polymer material.
- the material of the current collector 11 is not particularly limited, and known materials can be used.
- aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), or the like is preferably used as the material for the current collector 11.
- the current collector 11 can also include a polymer material.
- polyolefin polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.
- polyester PET, PEN, etc.
- polyimide polyimide
- polyamide polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 includes a positive electrode active material and functions as the positive electrode of the unit cell 26.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 can include a conductive additive, a binder, and the like in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- a composite oxide of transition metal and lithium that is also used in a solution-type lithium ion battery can be used.
- a lithium-transition metal composite oxide is preferable.
- a Li—Mn composite oxide such as lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) or a Li—Ni composite such as lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ) is preferable.
- An oxide is mentioned.
- two or more positive electrode active materials may be used in combination.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 includes a negative electrode active material and functions as the negative electrode of the unit cell 26.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 can include a conductive additive, a binder, and the like in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material that is also used in a solution-type lithium ion battery can be used.
- a carbon material is preferable.
- the carbon material include graphite-based carbon materials (hereinafter simply referred to as graphite) such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and expanded graphite, carbon black, activated carbon, carbon fiber, coke, soft carbon, and hard carbon. More preferably, graphite such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and expanded graphite.
- natural graphite for example, scaly graphite, massive graphite and the like can be used.
- the artificial graphite massive graphite, vapor-grown graphite, flaky graphite, and fibrous graphite can be used.
- particularly preferable materials are flake graphite and massive graphite. The use of flaky graphite or massive graphite is particularly advantageous for reasons such as high packing density. In some cases, two or more negative electrode active materials may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 uses a lithium-transition metal composite oxide as a positive electrode active material
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 uses carbon or a lithium-transition metal composite oxide as a negative electrode active material.
- a battery having excellent capacity and output characteristics can be configured.
- the negative electrode active material is not limited to carbon or a lithium-transition metal composite oxide, and any negative electrode active material can be used as long as it is made of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium.
- a form containing an element that can be alloyed with lithium can be used.
- elements that can be alloyed with lithium include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, indium, and zinc.
- an active material containing such an element as a simple substance, an oxide, or a carbohydrate as the negative electrode active material, the capacity of the battery can be increased.
- only 1 type of these elements may be contained in a negative electrode active material, and 2 or more types may be contained in a negative electrode active material.
- silicon or tin is contained in the negative electrode active material, and it is most preferable that silicon is contained.
- the negative electrode active material containing an element that can be alloyed with lithium include, for example, metal compounds, metal oxides, lithium metal compounds, lithium metal oxides (including lithium-transition metal composite oxides), and the like. It is done.
- the negative electrode active material in the form of a metal compound include LiAl, Li 4 Si, Li 4.4 Pb, Li 4.4 Sn, and the like.
- the negative electrode active material in the form of metal oxide SnO, SnO 2 , GeO, GeO 2 , In 2 O, In 2 O 3 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , SiO, ZnO etc. are mentioned.
- negative electrode active materials may be included in the negative electrode active material layer 15, or two or more types may be included in the negative electrode active material layer 15.
- Li 4 Si, Li 4.4 Sn, SnO, SnO 2 and SiO are preferably used as the negative electrode active material, and SiO is particularly preferably used.
- the electrolyte layer 15 is a layer containing a polymer having ion conductivity or a liquid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte of the present embodiment is a polymer gel electrolyte, which is used as a polymer gel electrolyte by chemical crosslinking or physical crosslinking after impregnating a separator 22 as a base material with a pregel solution.
- the separator 22 has a melting point of about 120 ° C.
- the electrolyte solvent has a boiling point of about 140 ° C.
- the seal portion 21 is for sealing the battery element 17.
- the seal portion 21 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the unit cell 26, and sealing the battery element 17 prevents the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte from being lowered. Further, when a liquid or semi-solid gel electrolyte is used, liquid junction due to liquid leakage is prevented.
- the seal precursor for example, a rubber-based resin that is in close contact with the current collector 11 by being subjected to pressure deformation, or an olefin-based resin that is in close contact with the current collector 11 by being heat-pressed and thermally fused.
- Possible resins can be preferably used.
- the rubber-based resin is not particularly limited.
- a rubber resin selected from the group consisting of silicon rubber, fluorine rubber, olefin rubber, and nitrile rubber is used.
- These rubber-based resins are excellent in sealing properties, alkali resistance, chemical resistance, durability, weather resistance, heat resistance, etc., and should be maintained for a long period of time without degrading their excellent performance and quality even in the use environment. Can do.
- the resin that can be heat-sealed is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit an excellent sealing effect as the seal portion 21 under any use environment of the battery element 17.
- it is a resin selected from the group consisting of silicon, epoxy, urethane, polybutadiene, olefinic resins (polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.), and paraffin wax.
- These heat-sealable resins are excellent in sealability, alkali resistance, chemical resistance, durability, weather resistance, heat resistance, etc., and even in the usage environment, these excellent performance and quality are not deteriorated for a long time. Can be maintained.
- the positive and negative current collecting plates 18 and 19 are for taking out the electric power generated by the battery element 17 to the outside of the bipolar secondary battery 10.
- the material of the positive electrode and negative electrode current collector plates 18 and 19 is not particularly limited, and known materials can be used. For example, aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), a polymer material, or the like is preferably used.
- the exterior material 20 is for shielding the inside of the battery of the bipolar secondary battery 10 from the outside air and protecting the inside of the battery.
- the packaging material 20 is formed of a flexible sheet-like material that can be easily deformed while not being damaged by a pressure difference between the inside of the battery and the outside of the battery. It is desirable that the sheet-like material does not transmit electrolyte or gas, has electrical insulation, and is chemically stable with respect to materials such as electrolyte.
- a laminate film polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate or the like is preferably used.
- the laminate film is obtained by coating a metal foil made of a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, copper, or an alloy containing the metal with an insulating synthetic resin film such as a polypropylene film.
- the battery element 17 of the bipolar secondary battery 10 is manufactured as follows. First, the bipolar electrode 14 in which the positive electrode active material layer 12 is formed on one surface of the current collector 11 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 is formed on the other surface, and the electrolyte layer 15 including the separator 22 are uncured.
- the seal portions 21 are arranged on the outer peripheral portion and are alternately stacked to form a stacked body. And the positive electrode side electrode 14a and the negative electrode side electrode 14b which formed only the positive electrode active material layer 12 or the negative electrode active material layer 13 in the one or other surface of the electrical power collector 11 are arrange
- a paste containing a positive electrode active material or the like is usually applied to one surface of the current collector 11 and dried, and the paste containing the negative electrode active material or the like is used as the other of the current collector 11. Apply to the surface and dry. Next, the density of the electrode is adjusted by pressing the electrode structure from both sides so as to improve the smoothness of the surface and the uniformity of the thickness and to obtain a desired film thickness.
- Such a phenomenon occurs in the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 for an electric vehicle, since a higher capacity and higher energy density are required, so that the active material layer to be applied becomes thicker and stress generated by pressing. Becomes larger and becomes more prominent. That is, high filling of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is required, and the negative electrode active material layer 13 is crushed too much by the press pressure for high filling of the positive electrode active material layer 12.
- the capacity retention rate of the battery element 17 may be reduced, and the durability against vibration may be reduced.
- stacking process as the bipolar secondary battery 10 may deteriorate, or the reliability of the seal part 21 may be reduced.
- the active material layer including the active material having a low compressive strength among the positive and negative electrodes includes a material having a strength higher than the compressive strength of the active material. It was.
- FIG. 2 shows a manufacturing process of the bipolar electrode 14 in this embodiment
- FIG. 2A shows a state before the positive and negative electrode active material layers 12 and 13 are pressed
- FIG. 2B shows a state after the press. is there.
- the paste containing the positive electrode active material or the like is applied to one surface of the current collector 11 and dried, and the paste containing the negative electrode active material or the like is applied to the other surface of the current collector 11.
- the dried state is shown.
- the paste containing the negative electrode active material contains a density adjusting additive 25 made of hard particles that are not easily crushed, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent is contained.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the positive and negative electrode active material layers 12 and 13 are pressed from both sides of the bipolar electrode 14 shown in FIG. 2A after the positive and negative electrode active material layers 12 and 13 are dried to adjust the density (see FIG. 2B). .
- the density adjustment by this press is preferably crushed as much as possible in order to increase the energy density.
- the positive and negative electrode active material layers 12 and 13, particularly the negative electrode active material layer 13 are crushed too much, the gaps between the active materials are filled, the overvoltage increases, lithium is generated, and the life is shortened. For example, in the case of graphite, if the amount exceeds 1.6 g / cc, the life is reduced.
- the pressing operation may be either a cold press roll method or a hot press roll method.
- a hot-rolling method if an electrolyte supporting salt or a polymerizable polymer is contained in the active material layer, it is desirable to carry out at a temperature below which they decompose.
- the roll press machine is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known roll press machine such as a calendar roll can be appropriately used. However, other conventionally known press devices and press techniques such as a flat plate press may be used as appropriate. Conditions such as pressing pressure and time vary depending on the material and the desired film thickness. In the present embodiment, when the optimum pressing pressure of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is, for example, a linear pressure of 60 to 350 t / m, the density adjustment by the press described above is executed at this linear pressure.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 includes hard particles that are not easily crushed as the density adjusting additive 25 contained in the paste, the negative electrode active material layer 13 can be hardly crushed even during pressing for density adjustment.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 with respect to the press pressure is adjusted. Can do. For this reason, even if it presses with a high press pressure for the high filling of the positive electrode side active material layer, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 can be kept at the optimal design thickness with the best characteristics.
- the warpage of the bipolar electrode 14 after pressing can be suppressed, the decrease in capacity retention of the battery element 17 can be suppressed, and the decrease in durability against vibration can also be suppressed.
- stacking process as the bipolar secondary battery 10 improves, and the reliability of the seal part 21 can also be improved.
- Examples of the density adjusting additive 25 made of hard particles that are not easily crushed include alumina particles. Moreover, particles such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and magnesium oxide (MgO) can also be used. For example, when the optimum design value of the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 is 100 ⁇ m, particles having a volume particle size distribution of D90: 30 ⁇ m and D50: 20 ⁇ m are dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at 5-8 wt%. The negative electrode slurry can be used.
- the hard particles that are not easily crushed as the density adjusting additive 25 may have a maximum particle size substantially equal to the optimum thickness of the electrode active material layer on the crushed side. In this way, even if the amount of the additive is reduced, the effect of keeping the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 at the optimum design thickness with the best characteristics can be exhibited.
- the particle size of the alumina particles as the density adjusting additive 25 made of hard particles that are hard to be crushed is, for example, when the optimum design value of the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 is 100 ⁇ m, the volume particle size distribution D90: 90 ⁇ m and D50: 60 ⁇ m can be used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 can be set to 100 ⁇ m with a small content (5 wt%) in the slurry.
- the additive has a shape such as an anisotropic cylinder, cone, rectangular parallelepiped, etc. Therefore, it can also be set as the optimal thickness of the electrode active material layer by the side which is easy to be crushed.
- shapes such as cylinders, cones, and rectangular parallelepipeds having anisotropy can be obtained by electrolytic deposition of copper Cu in a state of masking with a masking tape having holes.
- Hard particles that are hard to collapse such as cylinders, cones, and cuboids with such anisotropy include those that fall down and have short sides, but the thickness can be adjusted by many standing long sides. . In this case, even if the amount of the additive is further reduced, the effect of keeping the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 at the optimum design thickness with the best characteristics can be exhibited.
- a material that can be used as an active material can be used.
- the additive itself is an active material that can be charged and discharged, charging and discharging loss can be eliminated.
- a hard hard carbon material can be considered.
- Silica (SnO 2 ) particles such as silicon (Si) and silicon oxide (SiO) can also be used.
- the slurry viscosity is adjusted at 5 wt%.
- a negative electrode slurry dispersed in NMP can be used as a solvent.
- an additive having the same mechanical characteristics as the press pressure-elongation relationship of the electrode active material layer on the side that is not easily crushed, that is, the positive electrode active material layer 12 is crushed. It can also be added to the easy active material layer, that is, the negative electrode active material layer 13.
- the reason why the bipolar electrode 14 is warped is that, as shown in FIG. 9A, the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 have different elongation amounts during pressing. Then, the active material layer with the larger amount of elongation tries to cancel the displacement difference to the side of the non-elongating active material layer, so that internal stress is applied and warping occurs as shown in FIG. 9B.
- an additive having mechanical properties of press pressure-elongation equivalent to that of the active material of the electrode active material layer that is not easily crushed is added to the electrode active material layer side that is easily crushed.
- the elongation of the additive becomes the rate-determining rate on the side of the active material layer that does not stretch, and the warpage is suppressed as shown in FIG. 6B.
- the handling property in the assembly process of the bipolar secondary battery 10 can be improved, and the reliability of the sealing material to be laminated can be improved.
- the particle size is, for example, volume particle size distribution D90: 80 ⁇ m, D50: 60 ⁇ m, 5 wt%, and NMP as the slurry viscosity adjusting solvent.
- a dispersed negative electrode slurry can be used.
- FIG. 7 shows the elongation characteristics in the surface direction on the positive electrode active material layer 12 side with respect to the press pressure, the elongation characteristics in the surface direction of the negative electrode active material layer 13, and the elongation characteristics in the surface direction of TiO 2 alone as an additive. .
- the amount of elongation in the plane direction of TiO 2 and the amount of elongation in the surface direction of LiNiO 2 were both about 1%, and no electrode warping occurred.
- an additive having a mechanical property of press pressure-elongation that is less likely to be crushed than the active material of the electrode active material layer that is not easily crushed may be added to the electrode active material layer side that is easily crushed. Even in this case, the press-elongation mechanical characteristics of the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 become closer, and the difference in elongation rate when pressed is reduced. In particular, by adding an additive that is less likely to be crushed, the amount of addition necessary to balance the strength of both sides of the current collector 11 can be reduced.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 has a configuration in which a number of hard protrusions that are hard to be crushed are provided on the side of the current collector on which the negative electrode active material layer is formed, and are included in the formed negative electrode active material layer. is there.
- symbol is attached
- the current collector 11 to be used is subjected to high-temperature press processing on a conductive filler-containing resin film by a cylindrical embossing roll (for example, cylindrical ⁇ 2, 5 mm pitch, depth: 90 ⁇ m).
- a cylindrical embossing roll for example, cylindrical ⁇ 2, 5 mm pitch, depth: 90 ⁇ m.
- many embossing protrusions 26 are provided in the side in which the negative electrode active material layer 13 is formed.
- a positive electrode active material for example, LiNiO 2 powder is mixed with PVDF as a binder and carbon powder as a conductive additive. Then, a positive electrode slurry is prepared by dispersing in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent, and applied to the surface of the current collector 11 where there are no embossed protrusions and dried to form the positive electrode active material layer 12.
- NMP a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent
- a negative electrode active material for example, graphite powder is mixed with PVDF as a binder and dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent to prepare a negative electrode slurry. And it apply
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 after each press is regulated by the height of a large number of emboss projections 26 formed on the current collector 11, for example, 90 ⁇ m, and can be, for example, 100 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 includes a large number of hard embossing protrusions 26 provided on the current collector 11 that are hard to be crushed. Therefore, even during pressing for density adjustment, It can be hard to be crushed. For this reason, even if it presses with a high press pressure for the high filling of the positive electrode side active material layer, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 can be kept at the optimal design thickness with the best characteristics. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 from being different in elongation during pressing as a cause of warping of the bipolar electrode 14.
- a bipolar electrode 14 including, for example, a negative electrode active material layer 13 as a second active material layer formed to include a second active material having a compressive strength lower than that of the material. Then, the density adjusting additive 25 as an additive material having a compressive strength larger than that of the second active material is included in the second active material layer.
- the second active material layer can suppress the amount of crushing during pressing by an additive material having a high compressive strength. Therefore, because of the high filling of the positive electrode active material layer side 12, even if the bipolar electrode 14 is pressed from both sides with a high pressing pressure, the difference in elongation ratio of the second active material layer to the first active material layer is reduced. Can be reduced. Thereby, the stress difference which arises in the active material layers 12 and 13 of the front and back of the collector 11 can be made small, and the curvature of the bipolar electrode 14 can be suppressed. As a result, a decrease in the capacity retention rate of the battery element 17 can be suppressed, and a decrease in durability against vibration can also be suppressed. Moreover, the handling at the time of the lamination
- the bipolar electrode 14 according to any one of (a) to (d) is arranged in a single or plural layers with the seal portion 21 arranged on the outer peripheral portion, and the positive electrode active material layer is formed only on one side at both ends of the laminate.
- the battery element 17 can be formed by laminating the current collectors 11 a and 11 b provided with the anode 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13. In this battery element 17, since the warpage of the bipolar electrode 14 is suppressed, a decrease in capacity retention rate of the battery element 17 can be suppressed, and a decrease in durability against vibration can also be suppressed.
- stacking process as the bipolar secondary battery 10 can be improved, and the manufacturing cost of the battery element 17 can be reduced. Further, since the warpage of the bipolar electrode 14 is suppressed, the reliability of the sealing performance of the seal portion 21 disposed on the outer peripheral portion can be improved.
- (G) By setting the particle size of the density adjusting additive 25 as an additive material having a compressive strength greater than the compressive strength of the second active material to be equal to the design value of the thickness of the second active material layer
- the thickness of the second active material layer after the density adjustment of the positive and negative electrode active material layers 12 and 13 by pressing can be set to a thickness that approximates the design value.
- the amount of additive material to be mixed with the second active material can be reduced.
- the second active material layer of the current collector 11 is used as a material contained in the second active material layer in order to suppress the amount of collapse of the second active material layer during pressing.
- a large number of embossed protrusions 26 as hard protrusions having a height equal to the design value and not easily crushed are provided on the formed side.
- the bipolar electrode 14 when the bipolar electrode 14 is pressed from both sides with a high pressing pressure, the difference in the elongation ratio of the second active material layer to the first active material layer is reduced, so that the current on the front and back sides of the current collector 11 is reduced.
- the stress difference generated in the material layers 12 and 13 can be reduced, and the warpage of the bipolar electrode 14 can be suppressed. Therefore, a decrease in the capacity retention rate of the battery element 17 can be suppressed, and a decrease in durability against vibration can also be suppressed.
- the bipolar electrode 14 without a curvature can be formed, without changing a positive / negative electrode active material at all.
- the hard protrusions that are provided on the current collector 11 and have a height equal to the design value and are not easily crushed are formed by using, for example, a cylindrical embossing roll (cylinder ⁇ 2, 5 mm pitch, depth: 90 ⁇ m). It can be easily formed by high-temperature pressing.
- the bipolar secondary battery 10 and the bipolar electrode 14 of the present invention will be described using each example.
- the present invention is not limited at all by the embodiments.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the following manner. That is, slurry of LiNiO 2 powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 10 ⁇ m, 10%: 2 ⁇ m), PVDF (binder), carbon powder (conducting aid) at 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio), respectively.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by dispersing in NMP as a viscosity adjusting solvent, applied on a conductive filler-containing resin film as a current collector 11 with a die coater, and a positive electrode active material layer 12 was obtained.
- the compressive strength of the positive electrode active material layer 12 thus obtained is 1600-2400 kg / cm 2 . The reason why the compressive strength varies is due to the difference in the particle size of the active material. The same applies to graphite, hard carbon, and silicon described later.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 was prepared in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m, compressive strength 480-720 kg / cm 2 ), PVDF (binder), alumina as a density adjusting additive 25 (volume particle size distribution) D90: 30 ⁇ m, D50: 20 ⁇ m) are dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio), respectively, and a negative electrode slurry is prepared and the positive electrode active material layer 12 is formed.
- a bipolar electrode 14 of the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 2 was obtained by applying it on the opposite side of the film with a die coater and drying it.
- the optimum pressing pressure of the positive electrode active material layer 12 is a linear pressure of 60 to 350 t / m
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed by this linear pressure using a roll press.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 90 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 100 ⁇ m.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was prepared according to the following procedure.
- a gel polymer electrolyte layer 15 was obtained by immersing a pregel solution consisting of 1%, 1.0M LiBF4, and a polymerization initiator (BDK), sandwiching it in a quartz glass substrate and irradiating with ultraviolet rays for 15 minutes to crosslink the precursor.
- BDK polymerization initiator
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the negative electrode active material layer 13 was created in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m), PVDF (binder), and alumina (volume particle size distribution D90: 30 ⁇ m, D50: 20 ⁇ m) as the density adjusting additive 25.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by dispersing in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a weight ratio of 85: 7: 8, respectively, and the positive electrode active material layer 12 was formed on the opposite side of the conductive filler-containing resin film with a die coater.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 105 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 105 ⁇ m.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the negative electrode active material layer 13 was created in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m), PVDF (binder), and alumina (volume particle size distribution D90: 90 ⁇ m, D50: 60 ⁇ m) as additive 25 for density adjustment.
- a negative electrode slurry is prepared by dispersing in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio), and a positive electrode active material layer 12 is formed on the opposite side of the conductive filler-containing resin film by a die coater.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 100 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 100 ⁇ m.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the negative electrode active material layer 13 was created in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m), PVDF (binder), hard carbon additive (volume particle size distribution D90: 80 ⁇ m, D50: density adjusting additive 25) 60 ⁇ m, compressive strength 1440-2160 kg / cm 2 ) is dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio), respectively, and a negative electrode slurry is prepared and the positive electrode active material layer 12 is formed.
- graphite powder active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m
- PVDF binder
- hard carbon additive volume particle size distribution D90: 80 ⁇ m, D50: density adjusting additive 25
- compressive strength 1440-2160 kg / cm 2 is dispersed in NMP as a slurry
- the bipolar electrode 14 of the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 5 was obtained by applying and drying on the opposite side of the filler-containing resin film with a die coater. Next, the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1. The thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 90 ⁇ m for the negative electrode. The optimum design value was 90 ⁇ m. Next, a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 5 First, as the current collector 11 to be used, high-temperature press processing was performed on the conductive filler-containing resin film with a cylindrical embossing roll (for example, cylindrical ⁇ 2, 5 mm pitch, depth: 90 ⁇ m), as shown in FIG. 8A. In addition, a large number of embossed protrusions 26 are provided on the side where the negative electrode active material layer 13 is formed.
- a cylindrical embossing roll for example, cylindrical ⁇ 2, 5 mm pitch, depth: 90 ⁇ m
- the positive electrode slurry prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 was applied on a surface of the conductive filler-containing resin film that had not been embossed with a die coater and dried to prepare a positive electrode active material layer 12.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 was prepared in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m) and PVDF (binder) are each dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 95: 5 (weight ratio).
- the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 8B is coated with a die coater on the opposite embossed surface of the conductive filler-containing resin film after forming the positive electrode active material layer 12 and dried.
- the bipolar electrode 14 was obtained.
- Example 2 the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 100 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 100 ⁇ m.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the negative electrode active material layer 13 was created in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m), PVDF (binder), TiO2 additive (volume particle size distribution D90: 80 ⁇ m, D50: 60 ⁇ m) as density adjusting additive 25 ) Are dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 90: 5: 5 (weight ratio), respectively, to prepare a negative electrode slurry, and a die coater on the opposite side of the conductive filler-containing resin film after forming the positive electrode active material layer 12 was applied and dried to obtain a bipolar electrode 14 of the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10 shown in FIG.
- graphite powder active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m
- PVDF binder
- TiO2 additive volume particle size distribution D90: 80 ⁇ m
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 100 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 100 ⁇ m.
- both the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 are finished with an elongation of about 1%, and the bipolar electrode 14 is not warped. Was visually confirmed.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- silicon compressive strength 960-1440 kg / cm 2
- any element that can be alloyed with lithium can be used without limitation to silicon, but silicon is not only preferable from the viewpoint of capacity and energy density among elements that can be alloyed with lithium, but also has practicality and hardness. It is also preferable from the viewpoint.
- the negative electrode active material layer 13 is more preferable. easily crushed. Therefore, the density adjusting additive 25 is added to the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode active material layer 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, the negative electrode active material layer 13 was created in the following manner. That is, graphite powder (active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m) and PVDF (binder) are each dispersed in NMP as a slurry viscosity adjusting solvent at a ratio of 95: 5 (weight ratio). Is applied to the opposite side of the conductive filler-containing resin film after forming the positive electrode active material layer 12 with a die coater, dried and compressed to form the bipolar electrode 14 of the bipolar lithium ion secondary battery 10. Obtained.
- graphite powder active material, cumulative particle size distribution 50%: 20 ⁇ m, 10%: 5 ⁇ m
- PVDF binder
- Example 2 the positive electrode active material layer 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 13 were simultaneously pressed using a roll press machine with the same linear pressure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of each active material layer after pressing was 100 ⁇ m for the positive electrode and 70 ⁇ m for the negative electrode.
- the optimum design value was 85 ⁇ m. Further, it was visually confirmed that the obtained bipolar electrode 14 was very warped.
- a bipolar secondary battery 10 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a charge / discharge cycle test was performed on the bipolar secondary batteries 10 of Example 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 in the following manner.
- a constant current charge (CC) is performed up to 13.5 V with a current equivalent to a battery capacity of 0.5 C, and then a constant voltage (CV) is charged.
- the battery was discharged to 7.5 V, and this cycle was taken as one cycle, and 100 charge / discharge cycle experiments were conducted.
- the charge / discharge capacity after 100 charge / discharge cycles is taken as 100% after the first charge / discharge cycle, how much the charge / discharge capacity is retained is defined as the cycle retention rate%. It was measured.
- Example 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 were each subjected to constant current charging (CC) to 13.5 V with a current equivalent to 0.5 C of the battery capacity, and then After charging (CV) at a constant voltage and charging for 5 hours in total, vibration was applied for a long time in the following manner, and the voltage maintenance rate was measured by subsequent voltage measurement.
- the vibration test was performed by applying a monotonous vibration with an amplitude of 3 mm and a frequency of 50 Hz for 200 hours to each secondary battery 10 firmly fixed. Then, each of the secondary batteries 10 is evaluated for the presence or absence of liquid leakage from the seal portion 21 after the vibration test, and the output voltage after the vibration test is measured, and the output voltage before the vibration test is measured.
- the voltage maintenance rate V was evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the cycle retention% after 100 cycles of charge / discharge of the bipolar secondary battery 10 of Example 1-6 and Comparative Example 1, the evaluation of the presence or absence of liquid leakage from the seal portion 21, and the excitation The evaluation result of the voltage maintenance factor (voltage drop amount V with respect to the output voltage before a vibration test) after a test is shown.
- Example 1-6 in which the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 was the same as or slightly thinner than the optimum design value, the cycle retention rate was 85-94%, and the charge / discharge capacity was maintained well. .
- Example 1 in which the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 is slightly smaller than the optimum design value, the cycle retention rate is 85% and the reduction in charge / discharge capacity is large.
- Example 2-6 in which the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 is kept equal to the optimum design value, the cycle retention rate is 91-94% and the decrease in charge / discharge capacity is slightly suppressed, and good results are obtained. Has been obtained.
- Example 1-6 the voltage maintenance ratio was suppressed to a slight decrease from ⁇ 0.1 V to 0.2 V on average. Further, in the visual evaluation of the presence or absence of the occurrence of liquid leakage, the occurrence of liquid leakage was 5 out of 20 in Example 1, but the occurrence of liquid leakage was 2-3 in 20 in Example 2-5. In Example 6, the occurrence of liquid leakage did not occur. This is presumed that in Example 1, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 was slightly smaller than the optimum design value, and the bipolar electrode 14 was warped, which caused a seal failure.
- Example 2-6 since the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer 13 was kept equal to the optimum design value, the warpage of the bipolar electrode 14 was suppressed, and the sealing failure due to this warpage was suppressed. It is estimated to be. In particular, in Example 6, since the elongation ratio during pressing of the negative electrode active material layer 13 and the positive electrode active material layer 12 is adjusted to be equal, no warpage occurs in the bipolar electrode 14, and thus the seal It is estimated that the defects were greatly suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の双極型電極を使用したリチウムイオン二次電池の代表的な一実施形態である扁平型(積層型)のリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、単に双極型リチウムイオン二次電池、または双極型二次電池とも称する)の全体構造を模式的に表わした概略断面図である。
シール部21は、電池要素17を密封するためのものである。シール部21は、単電池26の外周部に設けられており、電池要素17を密封することにより、電解質のイオン伝導度が低下することが防止される。また、液体または半固体のゲル状の電解質を使用する場合おいて、液漏れによる液絡が防止される。
正極および負極集電板18,19は、電池要素17で生成した電力を双極型二次電池10の外部へ取出すものである。また、正極および負極集電板18,19の材料は、特に制限されるものではなく、公知のものが使用されうる。たとえば、アルミニウム、ステンレス(SUS)、高分子材料などが好適に使用される。
外装材20は、双極型二次電池10の電池内部を外気から遮断し、電池内部を保護するためのものである。外装材20は、電池内部と電池外部との圧力差により損傷されることがない一方で、容易に変形しうる可撓性を有するシート状素材により形成される。シート状素材は、電解液や気体を透過させず、電気絶縁性を有し、電解液などの材料に対して化学的に安定であることが望ましい。
まず、正極活物質層12を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、LiNiO2粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:10μm,10%:2μm)、PVDF(結着材)、カーボン粉末(導電助剤)をそれぞれ90:5:5(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて正極スラリーを作成し、集電体11としての導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルム上にダイコーターにて塗布し乾燥させて正極活物質層12を得た。このようにして得られる正極活物質層12の圧縮強度は1600-2400kg/cm2である。圧縮強度に幅があるのは、活物質の粒径の違い等が原因である。これは、後述するグラファイト、ハードカーボン、シリコンについても同様である。
まず、正極活物質層12を実施例1と同様に作成した。また、負極活物質層13を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、グラファイト粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:20μm, 10%:5μm)、PVDF(結着材)、密度調整用添加剤25としてアルミナ(体積粒度分布D90:30μm、D50:20μm)をそれぞれ85:7:8(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて負極スラリーを作成し、正極活物質層12を形成した後の導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムの反対側にダイコーターにて塗布し乾燥させて、図2に示す双極型リチウムイオン二次電池10の双極型電極14を得た。次いで、実施例1と同様の線圧により正極活物質層12と負極活物質層13とを同時にロールプレス機を用いてプレスした。各々の活物質層のプレス後の厚みは、正極が100μm、負極が105μmであった。なお設計最適値は105μmであった。次いで、実施例1と同様の方法で双極型二次電池10を形成した。
まず、正極活物質層12を実施例1と同様に作成した。また、負極活物質層13を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、グラファイト粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:20μm,10%:5μm)、PVDF(結着材)、密度調整用添加剤25としてアルミナ(体積粒度分布D90:90μm、D50:60μm)をそれぞれ90:5:5(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて負極スラリーを作成し、正極活物質層12を形成した後の導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムの反対側にダイコーターにて塗布し乾燥させて、図3に示す双極型リチウムイオン二次電池10の双極型電極14を得た。次いで、実施例1と同様の線圧により正極活物質層12と負極活物質層13とを同時にロールプレス機を用いてプレスした。各々の活物質層のプレス後の厚みは、正極が100μm、負極が100μmであった。なお設計最適値は100μmであった。次いで、実施例1と同様の方法で双極型二次電池10を形成した。
まず、正極活物質層12を実施例1と同様に作成した。また、負極活物質層13を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、グラファイト粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:20μm,10%:5μm)、PVDF(結着材)、密度調整用添加剤25としてハードカーボン添加剤(体積粒度分布D90:80μm、D50:60μm、圧縮強度1440-2160kg/cm2)をそれぞれ90:5:5(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて負極スラリーを作成し、正極活物質層12を形成した後の導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムの反対側にダイコーターにて塗布し乾燥させて、図5に示す双極型リチウムイオン二次電池10の双極型電極14を得た。次いで、実施例1と同様の線圧により正極活物質層12と負極活物質層13とを同時にロールプレス機を用いてプレスした。各々の活物質層のプレス後の厚みは、正極が100μm、負極が90μmであった。なお設計最適値は90μmであった。次いで、実施例1と同様の方法で双極型二次電池10を形成した。
先ず、使用する集電体11として、円柱状のエンボスロール(例えば、円柱φ2、5mmピッチ、深さ:90μm)により、導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムに高温プレス加工を実施して、図8Aに示すように、多数のエンボス突起26を負極活物質層13が形成される側に設ける。
まず、正極活物質層12を実施例1と同様に作成した。また、負極活物質層13を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、グラファイト粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:20μm,10%:5μm)、PVDF(結着材)、密度調整用添加剤25としてTiO2添加剤(体積粒度分布D90:80μm、D50:60μm)をそれぞれ90:5:5(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて負極スラリーを作成し、正極活物質層12を形成した後の導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムの反対側にダイコーターにて塗布し乾燥させて、図6に示す双極型リチウムイオン二次電池10の双極型電極14を得た。
まず、正極活物質層12を実施例1と同様に作成した。また、負極活物質層13を下記の要領により作成した。すなわち、グラファイト粉末(活物質、累積粒度分布50%:20μm,10%:5μm)、PVDF(結着材)をそれぞれ95:5(重量比)でスラリー粘度調整溶媒としてNMPに分散させて負極スラリーを作成し、正極活物質層12を形成した後の導電フィラー含有樹脂フィルムの反対側にダイコーターにて塗布し、乾燥、圧縮をして双極型リチウムイオン二次電池10の双極型電極14を得た。
<容量確認試験>
実施例1-6及び比較例1の双極型二次電池10、各20個を、下記要領にて、先ず、容量確認試験を行った。容量確認試験は、電池容量の0.1C相当の電流で13.5Vまで定電流充電(CC)し、その後に、定電圧で充電(CV)し、合わせて15時間充電した後、0.1Cの電流で7.5Vまで放電を行い、充放電容量の確認を行った。
次に、実施例1-6及び比較例1の双極型二次電池10、各20個に対して、下記要領にて、充放電サイクル試験を行った。試験は、電池容量の0.5C相当の電流で13.5Vまで定電流充電(CC)し、その後、定電圧で充電(CV)し、合わせて5時間充電した後、0.5Cの電流で7.5Vまで放電を行い、このサイクルを1サイクルとして、100サイクルの充放電サイクル実験を行った。そして、100サイクルの充放電サイクル後の充放電容量を、一回目の充放電サイクル後の充放電容量を100%とした場合に、どの程度充放電容量が保持されているかをサイクル保持率%として測定した。
次に、実施例1-6及び比較例1の双極型二次電池10、各20個に対して、電池容量の0.5C相当の電流で13.5Vまで定電流充電(CC)し、その後、定電圧で充電(CV)し、合わせて5時間充電した後、下記要領で、振動を長時間加え、その後の電圧測定により電圧維持率の測定を行った。振動試験は、しっかり固定した各二次電池10に対して、垂直の方向に振幅が3mmで50Hzの単調な振動を200時間加えることにより行った。そして、各二次電池10、夫々20個ずつの、振動試験後のシール部21からの液漏れ発生の有無の評価、および、振動試験後の出力電圧を測定し、振動試験前の出力電圧に対する電圧維持率Vの評価を行った。
Claims (8)
- 集電体の一方の面に第一活物質を含むよう形成された第一活物質層と、前記集電体の他方の面に第一活物質より圧縮強度の小さい第二活物質を含むよう形成された第二活物質層と、からなる双極型電極であり、
前記第二活物質層に第二活物質の圧縮強度より大きい圧縮強度の添加材料を含ませることを特徴とする双極型電極。 - 請求項1に記載の双極型電極において、前記添加材料の粒径は、第二活物質の粒径よりも大きい。
- 請求項1または2に記載の双極型電極において、前記添加材料の圧縮強度は、第一活物質の圧縮強度に等しい。
- 請求項1または2に記載の双極型電極において、前記添加材料の圧縮強度は、第一活物質の圧縮強度より大きい。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の双極型電極において、前記添加材料は、それ自体で活物質として使えるものである。
- 請求項1-5のいずれか1項に記載の双極型電極を用いた双極型二次電池。
- 集電体の一方の面に第一活物質を含むスラリーを塗布する工程と、
前記第一活物質より圧縮強度の小さい第二活物質と第二活物質の圧縮強度より大きい圧縮強度の添加材料とを混合したスラリーを前記集電体の他方の面に塗布する工程と、を含む双極型電極の製造方法。 - 請求項7に記載の双極型電極の製造方法において、前記第二活物質の圧縮強度より大きい圧縮強度の添加材料の粒径を、第二活物質層の厚さの設計値と等しい大きさに設定する双極型電極の製造方法。
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JP2012526461A JP5573954B2 (ja) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | 双極型電極およびそれを用いた双極型二次電池並びに双極型電極の製造方法 |
US13/811,793 US10283774B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | Bipolar electrode, bipolar secondary battery using the same and method for manufacturing bipolar electrode |
MX2013000832A MX2013000832A (es) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | Electrodo bipolar, bateria secundaria bipolar que utiliza el mismo y metodo para fabricar electrodo bipolar. |
EP11812371.0A EP2600461B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | Bipolar electrode, bipolar secondary battery using same, and method for producing bipolar electrode |
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CN201180035559.2A CN103004009B (zh) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | 双极型电极及使用它的双极型二次电池以及双极型电极的制造方法 |
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BR112013001937A BR112013001937A2 (pt) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-07-21 | eletrodo bipolar, bateria secundária bipolar utilizando o mesmo e método de fabricação de eletrodo bipolar |
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JP2016058309A (ja) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-04-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2016067402A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | リチウムイオン電池 |
JP2016192277A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子 |
US11018332B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-05-25 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery including lithium metal as negative electrode active material |
US11031584B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2021-06-08 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery including lithium metal as negative electrode active material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI464943B (zh) | 2014-12-11 |
US10283774B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
CN103004009B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2600461B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
KR20130030814A (ko) | 2013-03-27 |
US20130122362A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
MY158978A (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP2600461A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
KR20140130471A (ko) | 2014-11-10 |
JPWO2012014780A1 (ja) | 2013-09-12 |
CN103004009A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
JP5573954B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
MX2013000832A (es) | 2013-02-11 |
BR112013001937A2 (pt) | 2016-05-24 |
TW201222950A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
KR101489129B1 (ko) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2600461A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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