WO2011152061A1 - Dispositif de mémoire non volatile de résistance variable à points de croisement - Google Patents

Dispositif de mémoire non volatile de résistance variable à points de croisement Download PDF

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WO2011152061A1
WO2011152061A1 PCT/JP2011/003125 JP2011003125W WO2011152061A1 WO 2011152061 A1 WO2011152061 A1 WO 2011152061A1 JP 2011003125 W JP2011003125 W JP 2011003125W WO 2011152061 A1 WO2011152061 A1 WO 2011152061A1
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voltage
current limiting
bit line
type current
memory cell
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PCT/JP2011/003125
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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亮太郎 東
一彦 島川
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パナソニック株式会社
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Priority to CN201180002631.1A priority Critical patent/CN102473458B/zh
Priority to US13/380,624 priority patent/US8441839B2/en
Priority to JP2011535751A priority patent/JP4860787B1/ja
Publication of WO2011152061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011152061A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/10—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/101—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration including resistors or capacitors only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
    • G11C13/0023—Address circuits or decoders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
    • G11C13/003—Cell access
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
    • G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/0688—Integrated circuits having a three-dimensional layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
    • H10B63/20—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes
    • H10B63/22—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices comprising selection components having two electrodes, e.g. diodes of the metal-insulator-metal type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B63/00—Resistance change memory devices, e.g. resistive RAM [ReRAM] devices
    • H10B63/80—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays
    • H10B63/84—Arrangements comprising multiple bistable or multi-stable switching components of the same type on a plane parallel to the substrate, e.g. cross-point arrays arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, e.g. 3D cell arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
    • G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
    • G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
    • G11C13/0069—Writing or programming circuits or methods
    • G11C2013/0073—Write using bi-directional cell biasing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
    • G11C2213/71—Three dimensional array
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
    • G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
    • G11C2213/76—Array using an access device for each cell which being not a transistor and not a diode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
    • H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/821—Device geometry
    • H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
    • H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
    • H10N70/881—Switching materials
    • H10N70/883—Oxides or nitrides
    • H10N70/8833—Binary metal oxides, e.g. TaOx

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point type memory cell configured using a so-called variable resistance element.
  • the resistance change element has a property that a resistance value changes according to an electric signal (transition between a high resistance state and a low resistance state), and information can be stored by the change in the resistance value. A possible element.
  • each memory cell is configured by being sandwiched between a bit line and a word line at a position of an intersection between a bit line and a word line arranged orthogonally.
  • various types of such cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory devices have been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a nonvolatile memory device of a memory cell using a bidirectional variable resistor as a cross-point structure. Among them, for the purpose of reducing a so-called leakage current flowing through unselected memory cells, it is disclosed that, for example, a varistor is used as a bidirectional nonlinear element constituting the memory cell.
  • Patent Document 2 a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having a resistance memory element that stores a high resistance state and a low resistance state and switches between the high resistance state and the low resistance state by voltage application is changed from a low resistance state to a high resistance state.
  • a predetermined constant current that can change the resistance is passed through the resistance memory element.
  • a writing method that can change the resistance state to a low resistance value according to the current value is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 3 a semiconductor substrate, a programmable resistance element that is formed on the semiconductor substrate and stores a high resistance state or a low resistance state determined in accordance with the polarity of an applied voltage in a nonvolatile manner, and an off-resistance value in a certain voltage range
  • a memory cell having a stacked structure with an access element having a size of 10 times or more of the selected state is arranged in a three-dimensional multilayer structure, and the semiconductor substrate is positioned below the memory cell array It is shown that the degree of integration can be expanded by using a read / write circuit for reading and writing data in the memory cell array formed as described above.
  • Patent Document 4 in a three-dimensional cross-point type resistance change memory cell array having a multi-layer structure, a local bit line divided shortly is selectively used as a global bit line for the purpose of reducing a leakage current to an unselected memory cell and stabilizing operation.
  • a configuration that realizes a hierarchical bit line structure to be connected in a small area via a switch to be switched to and a layout method thereof are disclosed.
  • JP 2006-203098 A (FIGS. 2 and 5) International Publication No. 2006/137111 (FIG. 3) Japanese Patent No. 4377817 (FIG. 18) International Publication No. 2009/1534
  • FIG. 1A shows a three-dimensional structure of a so-called single-layer cross-point memory cell array.
  • a memory cell 51 a word line (for example, a second layer wiring) 52 wired in parallel in any one direction and in parallel, and a bit line (wired in many directions in one direction so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52)
  • a first layer wiring 53 is shown.
  • a memory cell 51 is configured by being sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at each intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53.
  • FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a so-called multilayer cross-point memory cell array.
  • bit line 53 is arranged in the first wiring layer (first layer bit line 53a), and the word line 52 is arranged in the second wiring layer so as to be orthogonal to the bit line 53 (first layer).
  • the bit line 53 is arranged in the third wiring layer (second layer bit line 53b) so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52, and is further orthogonal to the bit line 53 in the upper layer.
  • the word line 52 is arranged in the fourth wiring layer (second layer word line 52b), and the bit line 53 is arranged in the fifth wiring layer so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52 in the upper layer (third layer bit line).
  • the structure is shown stacked several times in the form of line 53c).
  • a memory cell 51 is configured by being sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at each intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53.
  • the memory of the cross-point type is a simple structure in which memory cells are formed at the intersections of wiring, and by stacking them in the vertical direction, the memory cell area per unit area can be reduced without depending on miniaturization. Therefore, it is known as a structure suitable for high integration.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example (Patent Document 4) of a multilayer cross-point memory invented by the present inventors, and is a cross-sectional view when viewed from the word line direction.
  • This structure can suppress an increase in chip area even if the memory cell array is divided into a plurality of relatively small units in order to reduce the leakage current to unselected memory cells.
  • FIG. 2 shows a memory cell 51, a word line 52 wired parallel to the substrate and perpendicular to the paper surface, and a bit line 53 parallel to the substrate and orthogonal to the word line 52 (local bit in the hierarchical bit line structure). Line) is shown.
  • the word lines 52 and the bit lines 53 are alternately stacked in the same manner as in FIG. 1B.
  • the bit lines 53 have five layers (the first layer bit line 53a to the fifth layer bit line 53e),
  • the word line 52 is composed of four layers (first layer word line 52a to fourth layer word line 52d), and a memory cell 51 is formed at the intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53 in each layer.
  • the even-numbered layer wiring (first layer bit line 53b, fourth-layer bit line 53d) of the bit line 53 is connected in common, and the odd-numbered layer wiring (first layer) of the bit line 53 is shown.
  • Odd-numbered bit line vias 55 commonly connecting layer bit lines 53a, third-layer bit lines 53c, and fifth-layer bit lines 53e), and global bit lines 56 wired so as to vertically traverse the lower layer region of the multilayer cross-point memory cell array.
  • An even layer bit line selection switch element 57 connected to the global bit line 56 and the even layer bit line via 54 and controlling connection between the global bit line 56 and the even layer bit line via 54 in accordance with the even layer bit line selection signal.
  • the global bit line 56 and the odd layer bit line via are connected to the bit line 56 and the odd layer bit line via 55 according to the odd layer bit line selection signal. Odd layer bit line selection switching element 58 for connecting control and 5 are shown.
  • the memory cells belonging to the first layer, the fourth layer, the fifth layer, and the eighth layer (first layer memory cell 51a, fourth layer memory cell 51d, fifth layer) connected to the odd-numbered bit line vias 55
  • the memory cells belonging to the second layer, the third layer, the sixth layer, and the seventh layer (second layer memory cell 51b) connected to the memory cell 51e and the eighth layer memory cell 51h) and the even layer bit line via 54.
  • the third layer memory cell 51c, the sixth layer memory cell 51f, and the seventh layer memory cell 51g) are selected and their operations are divided.
  • the bit line 5 connected to the odd layer bit line via 55 via the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • Programming voltage Vp is applied, a voltage Vp is performed writing is applied to the selected memory cell.
  • a predetermined non-selection voltage (for example, Vp / 2) is applied to the word line 52 related to other non-selected memory cells.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned on (and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off), and a predetermined second write voltage ( For example, when Vp) is applied, the write voltage Vp is applied to the bit line 53 connected to the even layer bit line via 54 via the even layer bit line selection switch element 57, and the selected memory is selected. Voltage Vp is performed writing is applied to the LE. At this time, a predetermined non-selection voltage (for example, Vp / 2) is applied to the word line 52 related to other non-selected memory cells.
  • Vp a predetermined non-selection voltage
  • a predetermined applied voltage at both ends of the memory cell 51 is set to have one polarity opposite to the other. Is a two-way write. Therefore, when the opposite data write is performed in the above example, the global bit line 56 is set to a predetermined first write voltage (for example, 0 V) and the word line 52 is set to a predetermined second write voltage (for example, Vp). That's fine.
  • writing to a high resistance state (or low resistance state)” or “writing to a high resistance state (or low resistance state)” to a memory cell means that the memory cell is in a high resistance state (or low resistance state).
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the memory cell 51 used in the cross-point memory.
  • the memory cell 51 has a configuration in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series, and constitutes one bit.
  • the resistance change element 10 includes an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5) as a first resistance change layer (resistance change) on the lower electrode 14 made of tantalum nitride (TaN).
  • TaO x is irradiated with oxygen plasma at 300 ° C. and 200 W for 20 seconds, and the degree of oxygen deficiency is smaller than that of the first resistance change layer 13 than TaO x.
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 (second region constituting the variable resistance layer) 12 composed of y (x ⁇ y) is thinly formed, and the upper electrode 11 composed of platinum (Pt) is laminated thereon. It has a structure.
  • the oxygen-deficient type refers to a composition state of a metal oxide that has a semi-stoichiometric metal oxide composition that is normally insulative and has less oxygen than a metal oxide composition that exhibits semiconducting electrical properties.
  • Degree refers to the proportion of oxygen that is deficient from the oxygen composition of the metal oxide that is the stoichiometric composition.
  • the upper electrode 11 that is in contact with the second resistance change layer 12 uses platinum (Pt), but tantalum (Ta) that constitutes the first resistance change layer 13 and nitridation that constitutes the lower electrode 14. It is characterized by using a material higher than the standard electrode potential of tantalum (TaN).
  • the resistance change occurs in the second resistance change layer 12 made of TaO y having a smaller oxygen deficiency in contact with the upper electrode 11 made of platinum (Pt).
  • the resistance change element 10 When applied higher than a predetermined voltage by the voltage of the lower electrode 14, the resistance change element 10 changes to a high resistance state. Conversely, when applying the voltage of the lower electrode 14 higher than the voltage of the upper electrode 11 by a predetermined voltage, The resistance change element 10 changes to a low resistance state.
  • the current control element 29 is a diode element having non-linear current-voltage characteristics in both positive and negative directions of the applied voltage, and the current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride is a lower electrode made of tantalum nitride (TaN) or the like. 23 and the upper electrode 21 are sandwiched.
  • the bidirectionally non-linear current-voltage characteristic indicates that the current control element 29 is in a high resistance (off) state in a predetermined voltage range, and has a low resistance (on-state) in a region where the voltage is higher and lower than the predetermined voltage range. ) Indicates the state.
  • the current control element 29 exhibits a high resistance (off) state when the absolute value of the applied voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the current control element 29 exhibits a low resistance (on) state when the absolute value of the applied voltage is greater than the predetermined value.
  • the memory cell 51 is a memory cell in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series using the via 27.
  • Via 26 connects upper electrode 11 of resistance change element 10 and upper wiring 70 (corresponding to bit line 53 or word line 52), and via 28 lower electrode 23 of current control element 29 and lower wiring 71 (bits). Line 53 or word line 52).
  • the relationship between the current control element 29 and the resistance change element 10 may be upside down.
  • the memory cell 51 may have a structure in which the via 27 is omitted as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a connection relationship corresponding to the structure of the variable resistance element 10, that is, an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the memory cell 51.
  • the equivalent circuit diagram of the variable resistance element 10 the direction of the second variable resistance layer 12 located on the upper electrode 11 side is clearly shown, and the direction is shown in black.
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram in which the relationship between the voltage and the current when the voltage is applied to the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG. It is.
  • the memory cell 51 is in a high resistance state.
  • a negative voltage in which the lower wiring 71 is higher in potential than the upper wiring 70 is gradually applied to the memory cell 51 from an applied voltage of 0 V, a current flows from around ⁇ 2.5 V (point C).
  • the resistance change element starts to change from the high resistance state to the low resistance state around -3.0V.
  • the voltage is applied up to -4.0 V (point A)
  • the resistance is rapidly decreasing according to the applied voltage.
  • the voltage is gradually applied until the applied voltage becomes 0 V while in the low resistance state.
  • the actual measurement data shown in FIG. 5 changes to the low resistance state when the voltage of the lower wiring 71 becomes higher than the predetermined voltage VLth with respect to the voltage of the upper wiring 70 for the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG.
  • a bidirectional resistance change characteristic that changes to a high resistance state when the voltage of the upper wiring 70 becomes higher than a predetermined voltage VHth with respect to the voltage of the lower wiring 71 is shown, and the applied voltage in the low resistance state (point A) And the change start voltage (point B) to the high resistance state are in a substantially symmetrical voltage / current relationship.
  • the resistance value in the low resistance state is similar to that disclosed in Patent Document 2, in the present memory cell 51, when changing from the high resistance state to the low resistance state, the resistance change element 10 has a resistance value. It changes to a low resistance value corresponding to the magnitude of the current value flowing through the resistance change element 10 at a predetermined voltage that can change.
  • the applied voltage in the low resistance state (point A) and the change start voltage to the high resistance state (point B) show almost symmetrical characteristics, so that the high resistance is equal to or higher than the low resistance. It is necessary to drive with.
  • a predetermined low resistance state is obtained by limiting the current with a predetermined current value in low resistance, whereas in high resistance, the opposite of low resistance is achieved. It is necessary for stable resistance change to apply a voltage in the direction and drive more current than when the resistance is reduced.
  • the voltage range from 0V to the point C when the resistance is lowered (high resistance state) and the voltage from the 0V to the point D when the resistance is increased (low resistance state).
  • the section is a voltage band where current does not flow remarkably.
  • the points C and D correspond to the total voltage of the threshold voltage (hereinafter referred to as VF) of the current control element 29 and the resistance change voltage of the resistance change element 10.
  • VF threshold voltage
  • the non-selected memory cell is controlled so that the operating point is between the point C and the point D. It is desirable to perform reading and writing operations of the crosspoint array while reducing the leakage current.
  • FIG. 7 An example of a more desirable structure is shown in FIG. 7 because the resistance change occurs stably based on the conventionally known structure and characteristics of the resistance change element and the structure of the multilayer cross-point memory.
  • FIG. 7 is the same except that the vertical direction of the memory cell 51 is clearly shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 8 shows the cross-sectional structure of the portion indicated by the cross section A in FIG.
  • the resistance change element 10 constituting the memory cell includes memory cells belonging to the odd layers of the first layer, the third layer, the fifth layer, and the seventh layer (the first layer memory cell 51a, the third layer memory cell 51c, and the fifth layer).
  • the resistance change element 10 constituting the memory cell 51e and the seventh layer memory cell 51g) and the configuration in the Z direction are opposite, and the orientation of the memory cell 51 in each layer is the second in which the odd layer memory cell array has a low oxygen deficiency concentration.
  • the direction of the resistance change element 10 is alternately formed for each layer so that the resistance change layer 12 is located on the upper side and the even-numbered layer memory cell array is located on the lower side. Such a configuration is optimal for the following reason.
  • the electrode 11 on the side in contact with the second resistance change layer 12 is set to a predetermined value with respect to the other electrode 14. It is necessary to make the voltage more negative than the voltage. At this time, by limiting the current so that it does not flow beyond a predetermined current value, a resistance value in a predetermined low resistance state can be set. Further, when changing from the low resistance state to the high resistance state, it is necessary to drive in a direction opposite to this with a drive current equal to or higher than the current limit value when the resistance is reduced.
  • the resistance change element 10 in the second layer and the resistance change element 10 in the third layer are formed in a structure having a reverse relationship (vertical symmetry) in the Z direction, so that the memory cell belonging to the second layer memory cell 51b Writing and writing to the memory cells belonging to the third-layer memory cell 51c can be performed with the same control (polarity) for the global bit line only by changing the position of the selected word line.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for simplifying the description, and is an equivalent circuit diagram in which one memory cell selected in FIG. 7 and an odd-numbered-layer bit line selection switch element are extracted.
  • FIG. 6 shows an NMOS transistor 578 which means the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 or the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • Reduction in resistance occurs in a direction in which current flows from the global bit line (GBL) 56 side to the word line (WL) 52 side, as indicated by an arrow Ib.
  • the source of the NMOS transistor 578 is on the bit line 53 side, but the voltage of the global bit line 56 is set so that the source voltage is at least equal to or higher than the voltage corresponding to the low resistance write voltage. .
  • a substrate bias effect is generated in the NMOS transistor 578, and the current driving capability of the NMOS transistor 578 is reduced as compared with a case where the current flows in the opposite direction.
  • the gate voltage of the NMOS transistor 578 is set to a predetermined voltage that is equal to or higher than the sum of the low resistance write voltage and the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor 578, the gate voltage can be maintained even if the global bit line 56 is applied with a high voltage. It operates as a constant current source that is determined (source follower operation).
  • the increase in resistance occurs in the direction in which current flows from the word line 52 side to the global bit line 56 side, as indicated by an arrow Ia.
  • the substrate bias effect is directed to the NMOS transistor 578 in a smaller direction, and by applying the same voltage in the reverse direction as when the resistance is decreased, a larger current can be driven than when the resistance is decreased, and the NMOS transistor 578 is stable. Resistance change operation becomes possible. With the above structure, a low resistance operation and a high resistance operation can be stably performed.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 9 is a preferable structure because the manufacturing process is easier.
  • the feature of the structure shown in FIG. 9 is that the resistance change element 10 constituting the memory cell array layer in any layer is such that the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12 are in the same order in the Z direction. It is in the point where it is laminated.
  • the oxygen-deficient first resistance change layer 13 is formed on the upper layer of the lower electrode 14, and the upper interface thereof is oxidized.
  • the odd-numbered memory cells first-layer memory cell 51a, third-layer memory cell 51c, fifth-layer memory cell 51e, seventh-layer memory cell 51g, etc. , Referred to as odd-numbered memory cells
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 cannot be formed first.
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 As another means for independently forming the second variable resistance layer 12, there is a method of forming the second variable resistance layer 12 by sputtering. When this method is applied to the structure shown in FIG. 8, it is possible to form odd-numbered memory cells and even-numbered memory cells with the same structure. However, in this case, the state of the boundary (interface) between the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12, the second resistance change layer 12 and the electrode 11, or the second resistance change layer 12a and the electrode 11a. It is conceivable that the boundary (interface) state of the memory cell is slightly different between the odd-numbered memory cell and the even-numbered memory cell, resulting in a difference in resistance change characteristics.
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 that is a high resistance layer is sputtered. Therefore, it is conceivable that even a slight amount of natural oxide film adheres to the surface of the first resistance change layer 13.
  • the first resistance change layer 13a is formed after the second resistance change layer 12a, which is a high resistance layer, so that such a natural oxide film does not adhere.
  • the writing and reading performance, the yield, and the reliability ability may be different between the odd-numbered memory cells and the even-numbered memory cells. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, a structure in which the memory cell 51 is formed in the same direction in each layer and can be manufactured in the same manufacturing process condition in any layer is desirable.
  • a predetermined first write voltage (a first write voltage (53b) shared with a memory cell belonging to the third layer memory cell 51c) For example, 0V) is applied.
  • a predetermined second write voltage (for example, VP> 0) needs to be applied to the shared second-layer bit line 71 (53b).
  • the writing of the low resistance state to the memory cell belonging to the second layer memory cell 51b is performed in the direction of the arrow Ia, and the writing to the memory cell belonging to the third layer memory cell 51c is performed. Writing in the low resistance state is performed in the direction of the arrow Ib, and it is necessary to limit the current with the same amount of current in each case.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are each configured by the NMOS transistor 578, as described above, the current of the NMOS transistor 578 is limited by the source follower operation in the direction of the arrow Ib, Since the source follower does not operate in the direction of the arrow Ia, more current is driven.
  • an odd layer memory cell can perform a stable resistance change operation, but an even layer memory cell has a problem that a stable resistance change operation cannot be performed with this structure.
  • a nonvolatile memory device using a resistance change element uses a multi-layered cross-point structure composed of memory cells having a current control element connected in series with the resistance change element, as well as a local bit line and a global bit.
  • a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device having a multilayer structure that constitutes a bidirectional current limiting circuit capable of setting a resistance value.
  • the present invention is a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device, which is formed on a substrate and the substrate, and is applied in a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages of different polarities.
  • a memory cell array in which a plurality of memory cells each including a variable resistance element that reversibly changes at least two states and a bidirectional current control element having a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic connected in series to the variable resistance element;
  • Each memory cell extending in the X direction and intersecting with a plurality of bit lines formed in a plurality of layers and a plurality of word lines extending in the Y direction and formed in each layer between the bit lines
  • Each memory cell is formed between the bit line and the word line, and a memory cell formed at the intersection of the upper word line as viewed from the bit line is connected to an odd-numbered memory cell.
  • the memory cell formed at the intersection with the lower word line when viewed from the bit line is an even-numbered memory cell, and is configured for each of a plurality of bit line groups arranged in the Z direction, which is a layer overlapping direction.
  • each of the vertical array planes has a plurality of word lines that vertically penetrate each of the vertical array planes.
  • all even layer bit lines are connected in common with the first vias connected in the Z direction, and all odd layer bit lines are connected in the Z direction.
  • the resistance change element included in the memory cell, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the resistance change layer sandwiched between them are sequentially arranged in the Z direction, A structure viewed in the direction of the second electrode, and the second The structure seen from the pole in the direction of the first electrode has different asymmetry, and changes to the high resistance state when a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage is applied to the second electrode with respect to the first electrode, Having a characteristic that changes to the low resistance state when a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined voltage is applied to the first electrode with reference to two electrodes, and a variable resistance element that constitutes the memory cell of the even layer;
  • the resistance change elements constituting the memory cell are arranged in the same direction with respect to the Z direction, and the cross-point resistance change nonvolatile memory device further includes a global bit line provided for each of the plurality of vertical array planes, A plurality of first bit line selection switch elements provided for each of the vertical array surfaces and connected at one end to the first via, and provided at each of the vertical array surfaces
  • the bidirectional current limiting circuit includes an N-type current limiting element composed of an NMOS transistor and a P-type current limiting element composed of a PMOS transistor, which are connected in parallel. Limit control circuit selected When reducing the resistance of the serial memory cells, wherein the N-type current limiting element and the P-type current limiting element, the amount of current flowing through the memory cell activates more Restrictable one current limiting element.
  • the memory cell is formed at the intersection of a bit line extending in the X direction and formed in a plurality of layers and a word line extending in the Y direction and formed in each layer between the bit lines.
  • a bit line group aligned in the Z direction a plurality of vertical array surfaces having a common word line are arranged side by side in the Y direction. That is, a so-called multilayer cross-point structure is realized.
  • the even-numbered bit lines and the odd-numbered bit lines are connected in common, and the even-numbered bit lines connected in common are connected by the first bit line selection switch element. While the electrical connection / disconnection with the global bit line is controlled to be switched, the odd-numbered bit lines connected in common are electrically connected to the global bit line by the second bit line selection switch element. / Switching of non-connection is controlled.
  • a current limiting circuit is configured.
  • a hierarchical bit line system is realized by two bit line selection switch elements.
  • the array size can be reduced without increasing the layout area as much as possible, so that the leakage current of the unselected memory cells can be sufficiently reduced, and the first and second bit line selections can be performed.
  • a bidirectional current limiting circuit to the switch element and series, all the variable resistance elements in the memory cells of each layer can be created in the same direction, and the resistance value of each memory cell by low resistance writing can be controlled and set. Therefore, stable resistance change characteristics can be realized regardless of the layer.
  • the multilayer memory structure cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device has a configuration (bidirectional current limiting circuit) based on a structure in which memory cells having the same structure are simply stacked, and thus can be easily manufactured. Become.
  • writing to any layer of memory cells in the write operation writing to the low resistance state is driven by current limiting with a predetermined current amount, and writing to the high resistance state is driven by a higher current. Therefore, a stable write operation can be realized for each layer.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are three-dimensional structure diagrams of single-layer and multilayer cross-point memory cells, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a conventional multilayer cross-point memory.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the memory cell.
  • FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell.
  • FIG. 5 is a VI characteristic graph of the memory cell.
  • FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a current limiting method when the resistance is lowered.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a multilayer cross-point memory cell array.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of different-direction stacked cross-sectional memory cells.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are three-dimensional structure diagrams of single-layer and multilayer cross-point memory cells, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a conventional multilayer cross-point memory.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram in the same direction of the cross-point memory cell.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a multilayer cross-point memory according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing the memory cell array of FIG. 12 and its peripheral circuits.
  • FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a main part of a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device using a plurality of memory cell arrays of FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B are connection relationship diagrams of the source follower method and the saturation current limiting method, respectively.
  • FIGS. 17A and 17B are characteristic outline diagrams of the source follower method and the saturation current limiting method, respectively.
  • FIG. 18A is a diagram for explaining a low resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18B is a diagram for explaining a high resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18C is a diagram for describing a low-resistance write operation to the memory cell in the (4n + 2) layer in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18D is a diagram for explaining the operation of high resistance writing to the memory cell in the (4n + 2) layer in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18E is a diagram for explaining a low resistance write operation to the (4n + 3) layer memory cell in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18F is a diagram for explaining the operation of high resistance writing to the memory cell of the (4n + 3) layer in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18G is a diagram for describing a low resistance write operation to the memory cell in the (4n + 4) layer in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 18H is a diagram for explaining a high resistance write operation to the memory cell in the (4n + 4) layer in the source follower method.
  • FIGS. 19A to 19D respectively show a low resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, a high resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, and a low resistance write to the even layer memory cell by the source follower method.
  • FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional current limiting circuit for explaining bias in high resistance writing to an even layer memory cell. 20 (a) to 20 (d) respectively show a low resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, a high resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, a low resistance write to the even layer memory cell by the source follower method, FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram of a bidirectional current limiting circuit for explaining bias in high resistance writing to an even layer memory cell.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a set voltage range of the gate of the current limiting element in the source follower method.
  • FIG. 22A is a diagram for explaining a low resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22B is a diagram for explaining a high resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22C is a diagram for describing a low-resistance write operation to the memory cell in the (4n + 2) layer in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22A is a diagram for explaining a low resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22B is a diagram for explaining a high resistance write operation to the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current
  • FIG. 22D is a diagram for explaining an operation of high resistance writing to the memory cell in the (4n + 2) layer in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22E is a diagram for describing a low-resistance write operation to the (4n + 3) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22F is a diagram for explaining a high resistance write operation to the (4n + 3) layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22G is a diagram for describing a low-resistance write operation to the (4n + 4) -th layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 22H is a diagram for explaining the operation of high resistance writing to the (4n + 4) layer memory cell in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 23A to 23D show a low resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, a high resistance write to the odd layer memory cell, and a low resistance write to the even layer memory cell, respectively, by the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional current limiting circuit for explaining bias in high resistance writing to an even layer memory cell.
  • 24 (a) to 24 (d) respectively show a low resistance write to an odd layer memory cell, a high resistance write to an odd layer memory cell, and a low resistance write to an even layer memory cell by the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of a bidirectional current limiting circuit for explaining bias in high resistance writing to an even layer memory cell.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a set voltage range of the gate of the current limiting element in the saturation current limiting method.
  • FIG. 26 is a configuration example of a current limit control circuit for the saturation current limit method.
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the multi-layer cross-point memory of the first development example according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a multilayer cross-point memory according to the second development example according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 shows a global bit line driver circuit in a second development example according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a voltage relationship diagram regarding a method for setting the source voltage of the pull-up element.
  • FIG. 31 is an equivalent circuit of the even layer or odd layer bit line selection switch element and the current limiting element.
  • the relationship between the application direction of the pulse voltage applied to the resistance change element and the resistance change polarity that is, the relationship between the application direction of the pulse voltage applied to the resistance change element and the change to the high resistance state or the low resistance state is clear. It is assumed that. This can be realized by the electrode material of the variable resistance element and the structure of the variable resistance layer.
  • Patent Document 5 in a 1T1R type resistance change memory in which a resistance change element having a structure in which a transition metal oxide is sandwiched between electrodes of different standard electrode potentials and a transistor are connected, A predetermined low-resistance state can be set by applying a predetermined voltage to the electrode having a lower standard electrode potential with respect to the electrode having a higher electrode potential and limiting the current, while the electrode having a lower standard electrode potential is set. It is disclosed that a high resistance state can be controlled by applying a predetermined voltage to an electrode having a higher standard electrode potential based on the above.
  • a transition metal oxide and a transition metal oxide having a lower degree of oxygen deficiency are stacked, and the stack In a 1T1R type resistance change memory in which a resistance change element having a structure sandwiched between electrodes and a transistor are connected, a transition metal having a larger oxygen deficiency based on an electrode in contact with a transition metal oxide having a smaller oxygen deficiency
  • a predetermined voltage to the electrode in contact with the oxide and limiting the current
  • the degree of oxygen deficiency is based on the electrode in contact with the transition metal oxide having the larger oxygen deficiency. It is disclosed that a high resistance state can be controlled by applying a predetermined voltage to an electrode in contact with the smaller transition metal oxide.
  • the resistance change polarity can be controlled by the standard electrode potential of the electrode, the degree of oxygen deficiency of the resistance change layer, or a combination thereof, but details of these basic data are described in these patent documents. Omitted.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the memory cell 51 constituting the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device of the multi-layered memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the memory cell 51 includes a first electrode 23 made of tantalum nitride (TaN), a current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride, a second electrode 21 made of TaN, and an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide ( TaO y (x ⁇ y) formed by oxidizing the first resistance change layer 13 composed of TaO x ) and the first resistance change layer 13 in an oxygen plasma atmosphere and having a lower oxygen deficiency than TaO x.
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 is formed by the following structure, and the third electrode 11 formed by platinum (Pt) is sequentially stacked.
  • a lower wiring 71 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed below the memory cell 51, and the lower wiring 71 and the first electrode 23 of the memory cell 51 are connected by a first via 28.
  • an upper wiring 70 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed above the memory cell 51, and the upper wiring 70 and the third electrode 11 of the memory cell 51 are connected by the third via 26.
  • the lower wiring 71 and the upper wiring 70 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.
  • the first electrode 23, the current control layer 22, and the second electrode 21 form a current control element 29, and the second electrode 21, the first resistance change layer 13, the second resistance change layer 12, and the third electrode
  • the electrode 11 constitutes the variable resistance element 10. That is, the memory cell 51 is connected in series to the resistance change element 10 that reversibly changes at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages of different polarities. Current control element 29.
  • the second electrode 21 serves as both the electrode of the current control element 29 and the electrode of the resistance change element 10.
  • the second resistance change layer 12 includes the tantalum that is the constituent material of the first resistance change layer 13 and the second electrode corresponding to the lower electrode of the resistance change element 10. 21 is in contact with a third electrode made of a material having a standard electrode potential higher than any of the standard electrode potentials of TaN (here, platinum (Pt)), and is oxygen deficient than the first resistance change layer 13. It occurs in the second resistance change layer 12 made of TaO y having a small degree.
  • the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of increasing resistance, and conversely, the voltage of the lower wiring 71 is higher than the voltage of the upper wiring 70 by a predetermined value.
  • the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of decreasing resistance.
  • the second electrode, the third electrode, the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12 sandwiched between them are sequentially arranged in the Z direction (lamination direction described later),
  • the structure viewed from the second electrode in the direction of the third electrode and the structure viewed from the third electrode in the direction of the second electrode are asymmetric, and a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage is applied to the third electrode with respect to the second electrode.
  • the lower wiring 71 corresponds to a bit line or a word line
  • the upper wiring 70 that is orthogonal to the lower wiring 71 corresponds to a word line or a bit line.
  • the memory cells 51 of FIG. 10 are stacked, the memory cells 51 are formed in the same direction in each layer as shown in FIG.
  • variable resistance element 10 constituting the memory cell array layer in any layer is such that the first variable resistance layer 13 and the second variable resistance layer 12 are stacked in the same order in the Z direction. It is in.
  • FIG. 11 shows a part (one vertical array plane) of the cross-point type variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to this embodiment, and shows a multilayer cross-point memory cell array in which memory cells are stacked in the same form as FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a memory cell array viewed from the word line direction and a circuit configuration disposed in a lower layer portion thereof.
  • a first layer bit line 53a made of a wiring material such as aluminum and extending in the horizontal direction (X direction) on the paper surface, and a direction perpendicular to the paper surface made of a wiring material such as aluminum (Y direction: FIG.
  • the memory cells 51 are arranged at the intersections of the first-layer word lines 52a arranged so as to extend to the first-layer memory cells 51a.
  • the memory cells 51 are arranged on the first-layer bit lines 53a along the X direction. Is forming.
  • the first layer word line 52a is located below, and the first layer memory cell 51a is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is arranged to extend in the X direction of this paper surface.
  • a memory cell 51 is arranged at the intersection with the second layer bit line 53b, and n bits are arranged along the X direction on the second layer bit line 53b to form a second layer memory cell 51b.
  • the Z direction is the direction in which the layers overlap.
  • the third-layer memory cell 51c is placed at the intersection of the second-layer bit line 53b and the second-layer word line 52b, and the second-layer word line 52b and the third-layer bit are shared.
  • the fourth layer memory cell 51d at the intersection with the line 53c, the fifth layer memory cell 51e at the intersection between the third layer bit line 53c and the third layer word line 52c, the third layer word line 52c and the fourth layer bit The sixth layer memory cell 51f at the intersection with the line 53d, the seventh layer memory cell 51g at the intersection with the fourth layer bit line 53d and the fourth layer word line 52d, and the fourth layer word line 52d and the fifth layer bit
  • An eighth-layer memory cell 51h is formed at the intersection with the line 53e, and a three-dimensional memory cell array in which eight layers of memory cells 51 are stacked is formed.
  • each memory cell 51 extends in the X direction and has a plurality of bit lines 53a to 53e formed in a plurality of layers, and a plurality of word lines 52a in the Y direction and formed in each layer between the bit lines. Are formed so as to be sandwiched between the bit line and the word line at each of the intersection positions with .about.d.
  • the memory cell formed at the intersection with the upper word line when viewed from the bit line is called an odd-numbered layer (first layer, third layer, fifth layer, seventh layer) memory cell, and Memory cells formed at the intersections with the word lines below the bit lines are referred to as even-numbered layers (second layer, fourth layer, sixth layer, eighth layer) memory cells.
  • the first layer bit line 53a, the third layer bit line 53c, and the fifth layer bit line 53e are commonly connected by an odd layer bit line via 55 which is an example of the second via, and the second layer bit line 53b,
  • the fourth layer bit line 53d is commonly connected by an even layer bit line via 54 which is an example of the first via.
  • the resistance change element 10 in any layer from the first layer memory cell 51a to the eighth layer memory cell 51h, can be formed with the same structure and manufacturing conditions in the Z direction (for example, In any layer, the second electrode 21 can be formed on the lower layer side, the first resistance change layer 13 can be formed thereon, the second resistance change layer 12 can be formed thereon, and the third electrode 11 can be formed thereon.
  • a memory cell having the same structure can be manufactured regardless of whether the memory cell is in an odd layer or an even layer.
  • the variable resistance element 10 constituting the even-numbered memory cell and the variable resistance element 10 constituting the odd-numbered memory cell are arranged in the same direction with respect to the Z direction.
  • the even layer bit line via 54 is connected to one of the drain and the source of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 which is an example of the first bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor, while the odd layer bit line
  • the via 55 is connected to one of a drain and a source of an odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58 which is an example of a second bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor.
  • the other of the drain and the source of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the other of the drain and the source of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are commonly connected to a common contact (GBLI).
  • the gate of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is connected to the even layer bit line selection signal line
  • the gate of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is connected to the odd layer bit line selection signal line.
  • the common contact GBLI is connected to one of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 configured by an NMOS transistor, and the common contact GBLI is connected to the drain or the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 configured by a PMOS transistor. Connected to one of the sources.
  • the other of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 is connected to the global bit line (GBL), and the other of the drain and the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 is also connected to the global bit line (GBL). .
  • the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is configured to limit each of the bidirectional currents flowing through the current.
  • a signal line connected to the node CMN is connected to the gate of the N-type current limiting element 90, and a signal line connected to the node CMP is connected to the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 is designed with a transistor channel width of Wpc
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is designed with a transistor channel width of Wnc.
  • the voltage value and control method of the signal applied to each gate from the node CMP and node CMN and the design method of the channel widths Wpc and Wnc will be described in detail later.
  • An N-type current limiting element 90 and a P-type current limiting element will be described later.
  • 91 constitutes a bidirectional current limiting element.
  • FIG. 12 shows a configuration diagram when four vertical array surfaces are arranged so that the surfaces are aligned.
  • the direction in which the bit lines extend is the X direction
  • the direction in which the word lines extend is the Y direction
  • the direction in which the bit lines and the word line layers overlap is the Z direction.
  • bit line (BL) 53 extends in the X direction and is formed in a plurality of layers (five layers in FIG. 12), and a word line (WL) 52 extends in the Y direction, and each layer between the bit lines. (4 layers in FIG. 12).
  • each memory cell (MC) 51 is sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at the intersection of the bit line 53 and the word line 52. For simplification of the drawing, a part of the memory cell 51 and a part of the word line are not shown.
  • the memory cell array 100 includes four vertical array planes 0 to 3 arranged in the Y direction.
  • the number of memory cells on the vertical array surface and the number of vertical array surfaces arranged in the Y direction are not limited to this.
  • the even-numbered bit lines BL are connected in common by the even-numbered bit line vias 54 in FIG. 11 (BL_e0 to BL_e3), and the odd-numbered bit lines BL are shown in FIG. 11 are commonly connected by odd-numbered bit line vias 55 (BL_o0 to BL_o3).
  • bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 provided corresponding to the vertical array surfaces 0 to 3 are formed extending in the Y direction.
  • odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are provided for each vertical array plane 0 to 3.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are configured by NMOS transistors.
  • an odd-numbered layer bit line selection switch element in which N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 constituted by NMOS transistors and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 constituted by PMOS transistors are related.
  • 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 and the associated global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 are odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to The other drain or source diffusion layer terminal 68 is connected.
  • the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMN, and the gate terminals of the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMP. Is done. Further, the voltages of the node CMN and the node CMP can be arbitrarily set according to the amount of current desired to be limited.
  • the odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 are related to the vertical array plane via the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
  • the electrical connection or disconnection between the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the odd-numbered bit lines BL_o0 to BL_o3 connected in common on the vertical array surface is switched according to the odd-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_o0.
  • the even-numbered bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are connected to the vertical array surface via the associated N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
  • the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the even-numbered bit lines BL_e0 to BL_e3 connected in common in the vertical array plane are electrically connected or disconnected according to the even-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_e0. To do.
  • the vertical array planes 0 to 3 can be formed by the memory cells 51 formed with the same structure in the Z direction of the resistance change element 10 in any memory cell layer.
  • the even-numbered bit lines 53b and 53d and the odd-numbered bit lines 53a, 53c and 53e are commonly connected by independent vias (even-numbered layer BL via 54 and odd-numbered layer BL via 55).
  • these vias and global bit line GBL to the even-numbered or odd-numbered layer changeover switches 57 and 58 via the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, a multilayer cross-point structure using a hierarchical bit line system is realized. is doing.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing the memory cell array 100 of FIG. 12 and its peripheral circuits.
  • a global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 is a circuit that supplies a signal for selecting the memory cell 51 to each of the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003, and selectively drives and controls the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003. To do.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 is a circuit that controls the bidirectional current limit circuit 920.
  • the current limiting control circuit 99 turns on one of the pair of N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 and A control circuit for turning off the memory cell layer (even layer) for selecting various operation modes (for example, writing to and reading from a high resistance state or a low resistance state) and output voltages VCMN and VCMP for the node CMN and the node CMP, respectively. Or the odd number layer). Specifically, the current limit control circuit 99 generates voltages VCMN and VCMP for limiting the amount of current with respect to the write pulse when the resistance value of the selected memory cell is changed from the high resistance state to the low resistance state. .
  • VCMN or VCMP having a sufficiently high voltage that does not limit the current amount with respect to the write pulse is generated, and the read pulse is also used in the read mode.
  • VCMN and VCMP having sufficiently high voltages that do not limit the amount of current are generated. Detailed description of various voltage settings for the selected memory cell will be given later.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 is a circuit for controlling the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68, and the even layer bit line selection signal according to the address signals A0 to Ax.
  • BLs_e0 and odd layer bit line selection signal BLs_o0 are output.
  • the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 is a circuit that supplies a signal for selecting the memory cell 51 to each word line WL00000 to WL00331, and selectively drives and controls each word line WL00000 to WL00331.
  • FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a main part of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present embodiment.
  • a memory cell array 200 is configured by arranging a plurality of memory cell arrays 100 (corresponding to each vertical array plane) shown in FIG. The In the example of FIG. 14, (n + 1) ⁇ 16 memory cell arrays 100 are arranged.
  • the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 selectively drives and controls each of the word lines WL00000 to WL15331.
  • the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 selectively drives and controls the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL153.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 individually generates voltages VCMNn and VCMPn (n is 0 to 15) for controlling the bidirectional current limit circuit 920 according to the operation mode.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 responds to the address signals A0 to Ax in accordance with the odd layer bit line selection switch elements (in FIG. 12, the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 61) belonging to any selected vertical array plane. 64) or even layer bit line selection switch elements (even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 in FIG. 12) are turned on to make even layer bit line selection signals BLs_e0 to BLs_en and odd layers to each memory cell array 100.
  • the bit line selection signals BLs_o0 to BLs_on are controlled.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing the overall configuration of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 according to the present embodiment.
  • the main part 300 corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG.
  • an address input circuit 110 temporarily latches an external address signal during a high resistance write cycle, a low resistance write cycle, or a read cycle, and the latched address signal is sub-bit line selection circuit 73, Output to global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98, word line decoder / driver circuit 74, and current limit control circuit 99.
  • the control circuit 109 receives a plurality of input signals, and outputs signals representing a high resistance write cycle, a low resistance write cycle, a read cycle, and a standby state to the sub bit line selection circuit 73, the global bit line decoder / driver.
  • the circuit 98, the word line decoder / driver circuit 74, the current limit control circuit 99, the write circuit 105, the read circuit 106, and the data input / output circuit 107 are output as corresponding signals.
  • the control circuit 109 outputs a high-resistance write, low-resistance write, or read pulse generation trigger signal to the write pulse generation circuit 108 during the high-resistance write cycle, the low-resistance write cycle, and the read cycle.
  • the write pulse generation circuit 108 generates pulses in an arbitrary period (tp_E, tp_P, and high resistance write, low resistance write cycle, and high resistance write, low resistance write, or read time in the read cycle.
  • tp_R is generated and output to the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 and the word line decoder / driver circuit 74.
  • the data input / output circuit 107 is a block for exchanging data with the outside.
  • the data DQ is latched at the time of writing, and the write data is output to the writing circuit 105 until the next data comes.
  • the read data from the circuit 106 is latched, and the read data is output to the external terminal DQ until the next output data comes.
  • the write circuit 105 is a circuit that writes data to the memory cell selected by the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 and the word line decoder / driver circuit 74.
  • the write circuit 105 receives a data signal from the data input / output circuit 107 and receives a global signal. Write signals are output to the bit line decoder / driver circuit 98, the word line decoder / driver circuit 74, and the current limit control circuit 99.
  • the read circuit 106 is a circuit that reads data from the memory cell selected by the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 and the word line decoder / driver circuit 74, and includes a sub bit line selection circuit 73 and a global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98. The storage data state of the selected memory cell is detected, and the result is output to the data input / output circuit 107 as a data signal.
  • the threshold values of the transistors constituting each circuit are the peripheral circuits of the memory cell array 200, that is, the sub bit line selection circuit 73, the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98, the word line decoder / driver circuit 74, and the current limit control circuit 99.
  • the write circuit 105, the read circuit 106, the data input / output circuit 107, the write pulse generation circuit 108, the control circuit 109, and the address input circuit 110 include an NMOS transistor having a positive first threshold voltage and a negative second threshold voltage.
  • the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 constituting the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is the above-mentioned first transistor.
  • a third threshold lower than the threshold voltage of The threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor that is set to a voltage (for example, 100 mV) and constitutes the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 is a fourth threshold voltage (the absolute value of which is lower than the second threshold voltage). For example, it is set to ⁇ 100 mV).
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element and the even layer bit line selection switch element are also composed of NMOS transistors having the third threshold voltage.
  • the present invention always stacks the resistance change layers and the electrode layers of the resistance change element 10 constituting the memory cell 51 shown in FIG. 10 in the same order regardless of the memory cell layer.
  • One of the features is that it can be manufactured.
  • the lower layer side connection and the upper layer side connection of the memory cell 51 are alternately switched between the bit line and the word line.
  • the memory cell 51 changes to a high resistance state by setting the electrode 11 on the side in contact with the second resistance change layer 12 to a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage with respect to the electrode 21, and the electrode 11 is changed to the electrode 21.
  • the voltage lower than a predetermined voltage it has a bidirectional writing characteristic that changes to a low resistance state. Therefore, the operation of the bit line and the word line is reversed between the case of selecting an odd-numbered memory cell and the case of selecting an even-numbered memory cell.
  • either the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 or the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is selectively controlled to be conductive, and any layer of memory cells is selected.
  • the current is limited to a predetermined value.
  • writing to the high resistance state has no current limitation, and is in the opposite direction to the low resistance writing and with a larger current than the low resistance writing. Another feature is that the resistance can be changed stably by being driven.
  • the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 performs a current limiting operation according to the selected memory cell layer.
  • a method using the source follower characteristics of a transistor hereinafter referred to as a source
  • the current limiting operation can be performed by one of two methods, called a follower method and (2) a method using the saturation region characteristic of a transistor (hereinafter referred to as a saturation current limiting method).
  • FIG. 16A and 16B show an example of series connection of the memory cell 51 and the current limiting NMOS transistor 190
  • FIG. 16A shows an example of the relationship between the connection and the applied voltage when the source follower method is used
  • FIG. 16B shows an example of the relationship between connection and applied voltage when the saturation current limiting method is used.
  • the amount of current flowing through the memory cell 51 is controlled to a predetermined value.
  • the drain terminal of the NMOS transistor 190 is connected to the node B of the voltage VPLR, and the other terminal of the memory cell 51 that is not connected to the source of the NMOS transistor 190 has a low voltage ( For example, Node A of 0V) is connected.
  • the voltage VSO is applied to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 190.
  • Fig. 17 (a) shows the characteristic operating point diagram for this connection.
  • the solid line (MH) indicates the voltage / current characteristics of the memory cell 51 in the high resistance state
  • the solid line (ML) indicates the voltage / current characteristics of the memory cell 51 in the low resistance state
  • the broken line (T) indicates the voltage / current characteristics.
  • the load characteristic of the NMOS transistor 190 when the voltage VSO is applied to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 190 is shown. Since the NMOS transistor 190 operates as a source follower, the characteristic line (T) shifts left and right on the voltage axis according to the gate voltage value.
  • the operating point with the NMOS transistor 190 is the node M at the intersection H (FIG. 16A) due to the voltage / current characteristics (MH) in the high resistance state.
  • the voltage changes to the low resistance state after that the memory cell 51 transitions to the low resistance state, so that its voltage / current characteristic becomes (ML), and the operation with the NMOS transistor 190
  • the point transitions to an intersection L (the voltage at NodeM is the voltage VLR at point L).
  • the resistance value of the low resistance state of the memory cell 51 is determined by the current ILR when the voltage applied to the memory cell 51 becomes VLR.
  • the transistor characteristic (T) shifts to the high voltage side, so that the operating point L is shifted to the high current side and set to a lower resistance value, and the gate voltage VSO is decreased. Since the transistor characteristic (T) shifts to the low voltage side, the operating point L shifts to the low current side and is set to a higher resistance value.
  • the source terminal of the NMOS transistor 190 is connected to the low voltage (for example, 0 V) NodeA, and the other of the memory cells 51 not connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor 190 is connected.
  • the node B of the high voltage VPLR is connected to the terminal.
  • the voltage VHO is applied to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 190.
  • Fig. 17 (b) shows the characteristic operating point diagram for this connection.
  • the solid line (MH) indicates the characteristics of the memory cell 51 in the high resistance state
  • the solid line (ML) indicates the characteristics of the memory cell 51 in the low resistance state
  • the broken line (T) indicates the voltage VHO at the gate terminal.
  • the characteristics of the NMOS transistor 190 when applied are shown. Since the NMOS transistor 190 operates with a saturation characteristic, the saturation region characteristic line of the characteristic line (T) shifts up and down on the current axis in accordance with the gate voltage value.
  • the operating point with the NMOS transistor 190 is the intersection H (the voltage at NodeM is the point H from VPLR, based on the voltage / current characteristics (MH) of the high resistance state. After that, when the memory cell 51 changes to the low resistance state, its voltage / current characteristic becomes (ML), and the operation with the NMOS transistor 190 is performed. The point transitions to the intersection L of the saturation region (the voltage at NodeM is VPLR-VLR). The resistance value of the low resistance state of the memory cell 51 is determined by the current ILR when the voltage applied to the memory cell 51 becomes VLR.
  • the saturation region characteristic line of the transistor characteristics (T) is shifted to the high current side, so that the operating point L is shifted to the high current side and set to a lower resistance value.
  • the saturation region characteristic line of the transistor characteristic (T) shifts to the low current side, so that the operating point L shifts to the low current side and is set to a higher resistance value.
  • the resistance value of the low resistance state of the memory cell 51 can be controlled by two types of current limiting methods.
  • Example 1 In the write operation to the multi-point cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present embodiment, low resistance writing was performed on the selected memory cell belonging to the memory cell layer according to the memory cell layer to be written.
  • one of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 which has a larger substrate bias effect, is activated, low resistance writing is performed, and current limiting during low resistance writing is performed.
  • the operation when the source follower method is used will be described.
  • the details of the saturation current limiting method will be described in detail as a second embodiment.
  • Table 1 below shows set voltages of main signals in the basic configuration schematic diagram shown in FIG. 11 corresponding to the operations of the memory cells M1 to M4 in each layer in the source follower system.
  • (ON: SF) means “a state in which the current limiting element is in an ON state and the source follower current limitation is working”.
  • (ON) and (OFF) mean that the respective bit line selection switch elements and current limiting elements are “ON” and “OFF”.
  • FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M1 arranged in the (4n + 1) th layer (M2 is indicated by a broken-line square), 58 is an odd-numbered bit line selection switch element constituted by NMOS transistors, and 90 is an NMOS transistor.
  • An N-type current limiting element configured 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element configured with a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the global bit line 56 is connected to the global bit line 56 so that current flows in the direction of the global bit line 56 ⁇ bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 ⁇ odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 ⁇ bit line 53a ⁇ selected memory cell 51 ⁇ word line 52a.
  • a voltage VLR1 equal to or higher than the voltage VLR necessary for reducing the resistance is applied with the word line 52a as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies an odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 to turn it on.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying the even layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is indicated by a broken line).
  • the voltage Vpp is a voltage that is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage of the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58 and boosted to be equal to or higher than the power supply voltage Vcc.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a voltage Vpof of Vcc or higher to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 to turn off the P-type current limit element 91 (P-type current limit).
  • the limiting element 91 is indicated by a broken line), and VCMN is applied to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 to turn on the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 applies a reference voltage (0 V in this case) to the word line 52 a connected to the selected memory cell 51, and the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies the selected memory cell 51 to the global bit line 56.
  • a voltage VLR1 is applied so that the voltage applied to both ends of the memory cell becomes equal to or higher than the voltage VLR necessary for reducing the resistance, and a current flows in the direction in which the selected memory cell 51 decreases in resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 has a voltage at the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 such that the current flowing through the N-type current limit element 90 becomes a predetermined limited current value ILR1. Apply VCMN.
  • the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 formed of an NMOS transistor is on the contact side with the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58, so that the voltage applied between both terminals of the selected memory cell 51 is N
  • a characteristic that the N-type current limiting element 90 can function as a constant current source by a so-called source-follower method is used, which is limited to a voltage VLR that is lowered from the gate voltage VCMN of the type-type current limiting element 90 by a threshold voltage Vt including a substrate bias effect. is doing.
  • the selected memory cell 51 allows a current limited to a predetermined current value to flow from the bit line 53a to the word line 52a.
  • the memory cell 51 can be set to a predetermined low resistance value. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell M1 is lowered by the above control, the current limit is applied by the source follower method, and the memory cell M1 is shifted to a low resistance state having a desired resistance value. Can do.
  • FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 18A, but a voltage is applied so that the word line 52a is higher than the global bit line 56, and current is set to flow from the word line 52a to the bit line 53a.
  • writing in the high resistance state to the memory cell M1 is turned on by applying the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off). (Displayed with a broken line).
  • the current limit control circuit 99 also applies a voltage Vpof of Vcc or higher to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 to turn off the P-type current limit element 91 (P-type current limiter 91).
  • the limiting element 91 is indicated by a broken line), and VCMN is applied to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 to turn on the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies a reference voltage (0 V in this case) to the global bit line 56, and the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 applies a voltage across the selected memory cell 51 to the word line 52a.
  • a voltage VHR1 that is equal to or higher than the voltage VHR necessary for increasing the resistance of the cell 51 is applied, and a current is passed in the direction in which the selected memory cell 51 increases in resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage VCMN to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 as in the write to the low resistance state, so that the N-type current limit element 90 is turned on.
  • the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 formed of an NMOS transistor is on the contact side with the global bit line 56 set to 0V. Therefore, the substrate bias effect of the N-type current limiting element 90 is small, and the gate voltage VCMN is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage Vt of the NMOS transistor, so that the resistance is higher than the limiting current value ILR1 when the resistance is reduced. It can act as a bit line selection switch element having a current capability of the activation current IHR1 (current limitation is not functioning).
  • the gate voltage VCMN of the N-type current limiting element 90 is set to the same value as when the resistance is lowered, and a voltage necessary for increasing the resistance of the selected memory cell 51 is applied from the selected word line 52a.
  • a larger current can be flowed than in writing in the low resistance state, and high resistance writing can be reliably performed on the selected memory cell 51. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell M1 is increased by the above control, a larger current can be supplied to the memory cell M1 than when the resistance is decreased, and the memory cell M1 is reliably increased in resistance. It is possible to transition to a state.
  • FIG. 18C is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M2 (M1 is indicated by a broken-line square) arranged in the (4n + 2) layer, 57 is an even-numbered bit line selection switch element constituted by NMOS transistors, and 90 is an NMOS transistor.
  • An N-type current limiting element configured 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element configured with a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the word line 52a ⁇ the selected memory cell 51 ⁇ the bit line 53b ⁇ the even-numbered bit line selection switch element 57 ⁇ the bidirectional current limit circuit 920 ⁇ the global bit line 56 has a current flowing in the direction of the global bit line 56.
  • a high voltage is applied with the bit line 56 as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and turns it on in the low resistance state writing to the selected memory cell M2.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 (the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is indicated by a broken line). ).
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies 0 V to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 to turn off the N-type current limit element 90 (the N-type current limit element 90 is indicated by a broken line).
  • the voltage VCMP is applied to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 to turn on the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the voltage applied to both ends of the selected memory cell 51 on the word line 52a connected to the selected memory cell 51 becomes equal to or higher than the voltage VLR necessary for reducing the resistance of the selected memory cell 51.
  • the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies a reference voltage (0 V in this case) to the global bit line 56, and causes a current to flow in a direction in which the selected memory cell 51 has a low resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 has a voltage at the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 such that the current flowing through the P-type current limit element 91 becomes a predetermined limited current value ILR2. Apply VCMP.
  • the selected memory cell 51 causes a current limited to a predetermined current value to flow in the direction from the word line 52a to the bit line 53b.
  • the cell 51 can be set to a predetermined low resistance state. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 2) -th layer memory cell M2 is lowered by the above control, current limiting is performed by the source follower method, and the memory cell M2 is shifted to a low resistance state having a desired resistance value. Can do.
  • the gate voltage VCMN, VCMP, or N is set so that the predetermined limited current value ILR2 is the same as the predetermined current ILR1 at the time of writing the low resistance state in the memory cell of the (4n + 1) -th layer described in (A).
  • the transistor sizes of the type current limiting element 90 and the P type current limiting element 91 are adjusted and set.
  • FIG. 18D is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 18C, but a voltage is applied so that the global bit line 56 is higher than the word line 52a, and a current is set to flow from the bit line 53b to the word line 52a.
  • the high resistance state writing to the memory cell M2 is turned on by applying the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 (the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is indicated by a broken line). Display).
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies 0 V to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 to turn off the N-type current limit element 90 (the N-type current limit element 90 is indicated by a broken line).
  • the voltage VCMP is applied to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 to turn on the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 applies a reference voltage (0 V in this case) to the word line 52a, and the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 selects the voltage applied to both ends of the selected memory cell 51 on the global bit line 56.
  • a voltage VHR2 that is equal to or higher than the voltage VHR necessary for increasing the resistance of the memory cell 51 is applied, and a current is passed in the direction of increasing the resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage VCMP to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 when writing to the low resistance state, and the P-type current limit element 91 Turn on the.
  • the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 formed of a PMOS transistor is on the contact side with the global bit line 56 set to VHR2. Therefore, the substrate bias effect of the P-type current limiting element 91 is small, and the gate voltage VCMP is sufficiently lower than the threshold voltage Vt of the PMOS transistor, so that the resistance is higher than the limiting current value ILR2 when the resistance is reduced. It can act as a bit line selection switch element having a current capability of the activation current IHR2.
  • the gate voltage VCMP of the P-type current limiting element 91 is set to the same value as when the resistance is lowered, and a voltage necessary for increasing the resistance of the selected memory cell 51 is applied from the global bit line 56.
  • a larger current can be flowed than in writing to the low resistance state, and high resistance writing can be reliably performed on the selected memory cell 51. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 2) -th layer memory cell M2 is increased by the above control, a larger current can be supplied to the memory cell M2 than when the resistance is decreased, and the memory cell M2 is reliably increased. Transition to the resistance state is possible.
  • FIG. 18E is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is provided. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 18A.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M3, 57 arranged in the (4n + 3) layer, an even-numbered bit line selection switch element composed of an NMOS transistor, 90 is an N-type current limiting element composed of an NMOS transistor, Reference numeral 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element constituted by a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the global bit line 56 is connected to the global bit line 56 so that current flows in the direction of the global bit line 56 ⁇ the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 ⁇ the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 ⁇ the bit line 53b ⁇ the selected memory cell 51 ⁇ the word line 52b.
  • a high voltage is applied with reference to the word line 52b.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and turns it on in the low resistance state writing to the memory cell M3.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 (the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is indicated by a broken line). display).
  • the voltage Vpp is a voltage that is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and boosted to the same level or higher than the power supply voltage Vcc.
  • the operation conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (A) (the word line 52b has the same operation as the word line 52a), and the description thereof is omitted. To do.
  • FIG. 18F is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • FIG. 18F shows the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 18B, in which the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is shown. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 18B.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 18E, but a high voltage is applied to the word line 52b with reference to the global bit line 56, and current is set to flow from the word line 52b to the bit line 53b.
  • the high resistance state writing to the memory cell M3 is turned on by applying the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 (the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is indicated by a broken line). display).
  • the operation conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (B) (the word line 52b operates the same as the word line 52a), and the description thereof is omitted. To do.
  • FIG. 18G shows the memory cell M4 in (4n + 4) layer in the low resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • FIG. 18G is different from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 18C in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is shown. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 18C.
  • reference numeral 51 denotes a selected memory cell M4, 58 arranged in the (4n + 4) layer, odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements constituted by NMOS transistors, and 90 an N-type current limiting element constituted by NMOS transistors
  • Reference numeral 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element constituted by a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the word line 52b ⁇ the selected memory cell 51 ⁇ the bit line 53c ⁇ the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58 ⁇ the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 ⁇ the global bit line 56 has a current flowing in the direction of the global bit line 56.
  • a high voltage is applied with the bit line 56 as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and turns it on in the low resistance state writing to the memory cell M4.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is indicated by a broken line). display).
  • the operating conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (C) (the word line 52b operates the same as the word line 52a), and thus the description thereof is omitted. To do.
  • the current limit by the source follower system can be activated to shift the memory cell M4 to a low resistance state with a desired resistance value.
  • FIG. 18H is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation to be performed.
  • FIG. 18H is different from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 18D in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is shown. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation will be described only for the difference from FIG. 18D.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 18G, but a high voltage is applied to the global bit line 56 with reference to the word line 52b, and current is set to flow from the bit line 53c to the word line 52b.
  • writing in the high resistance state to the memory cell M2 is turned on by applying the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal voltage 0 V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is indicated by a broken line). display).
  • the operating conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (D) (the word line 52b has the same operation as the word line 52a), and the description thereof is omitted. To do.
  • writing to the low resistance state or the high resistance state is performed by applying the above-described voltage to the selected word line and the selected global bit line for a predetermined time (for example, pulse driving of about 50 ns).
  • non-selected bit line other than the selected bit line and the non-selected word line other than the selected word line may be set to a high impedance state, or a voltage at which a diode constituting the non-selected memory cell is turned off. It is good also as a structure which applies.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 turns on one of the N-type current limit element 90 and the P-type current limit element 91 and The gate voltages of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are controlled such that the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are turned on.
  • the memory cell of the layer is selected, one of the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned on, and the other is turned off, which is opposite to the case where the odd-numbered memory cell is selected.
  • the gate voltages of the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 are controlled (in the above description, a case where the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on is disclosed).
  • the current limit control circuit 99 is in a low resistance state that flows between the selected global bit line and the selected word line in accordance with whether the write target is an odd layer memory cell or an even layer memory cell.
  • a write current (having a direction of flowing from the first variable resistance layer toward the second variable resistance layer) via the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limiting element 90, and the P-type current limiting element
  • the PMOS transistor constituting the transistor 91 is interposed, by turning on only one of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 which produces a larger substrate bias effect, the memory cell is reduced. Write to the resistance state.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a low resistance state write to the memory cell by applying the voltage of the selected global bit line higher than the voltage of the selected word line (in the above description, the odd layer)
  • the memory cell is selected and the second variable resistance layer of the variable resistance element constituting the memory cell is formed on the upper surface of the first variable resistance layer).
  • the low-resistance state is written to the memory cell by applying the voltage of the selected global bit line lower than the voltage of the selected word line (in the above description, An example is disclosed in which even-numbered memory cells are selected, and the second variable resistance layer of the variable resistance element constituting the memory cell is formed on the top surface of the first variable resistance layer).
  • the toning method of the current value to be limited is as follows.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 adjusts the gate voltage of the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limiting element 90 and the gate voltage of the PMOS transistor constituting the P-type current limiting element 91, and the odd-numbered memory cell is selected
  • a limited current value flowing through one of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 which is a current limiting element capable of applying a current limit to the current in the direction of reducing the resistance of the memory cell.
  • a P-type current limiting element 91 and an N-type current limiting element 90 which are current limiting elements capable of applying a current limit to a current directed to lower the resistance of the memory cell.
  • the limited current value flowing through one of the two is made equal. By so doing, it is possible to suppress variations in resistance values between even-numbered memory cells and odd-numbered memory cells.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage to the N-type current limiter 90 or the P-type current limit when writing to the write target memory cell in the high resistance state and in the low resistance state. This is supplied to the gate terminal of the element 91. That is, in the above embodiment, the current limit control circuit 99 applies the first voltage (VCMP in the above embodiment) to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 when the even-numbered memory cell is selected. (At this time, 0 V is applied to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 to turn off the N-type current limiting element 90.) When an odd-numbered memory cell is selected, the gate of the N-type current limiting element 90 is selected. A second voltage (VCMN in the above embodiment) is applied to both terminals (at this time, Vpof is applied to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 to turn off the P-type current limiting element 91).
  • VCMN first voltage
  • the current limit control circuit 99 sets the voltage applied to both ends of the memory cell when writing the low resistance state to the memory cell as VLR, and sets the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limit element 90.
  • Vtn When Vtn is applied, a voltage equal to or higher than Vtn + VLR is applied to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 to turn on the N-type current limiting element 90, while a voltage of 0 V is applied to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91. Is applied (the current limiting amount when the low resistance state is written is adjusted by the selected word line voltage VLR2) to turn on the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the source follower characteristics of the transistors constituting the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 are used as means for performing current limiting in writing to the low resistance state.
  • the selected memory cell is either an odd layer or an even layer. Accordingly, the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor constituting the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 are selectively switched. Here, the necessary conditions for writing to the selected memory cell are organized.
  • 19 (a) to 19 (d) are configuration diagrams in which the voltage / current state of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is added to the configuration schematic diagram of FIG. 11, and FIGS. 20 (a) to 20 (d) are N-type.
  • FIG. 6 is an Ids-Vds characteristic diagram of a current limiting element 90 and a P-type current limiting element 91.
  • 20A to 20D the broken line indicates the characteristic of the N-type current limiting element 90
  • the solid line indicates the characteristic of the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • FIG. 19A and 20A show the low resistance write state of the odd-numbered memory cell described above
  • FIG. 20B are the high resistance write state of the odd layer memory cell described above
  • FIG. 19C and FIG. 20C are the low resistance write state of the even layer memory cell
  • FIG. 20D show the high resistance write state of the even-numbered memory cell described above.
  • the structure of the variable resistance element is based on the premise that the second variable resistance layer 12 is formed on the first variable resistance layer 13 as shown in FIG.
  • the necessary conditions for writing to the odd layer memory cells are listed. Note that the gate voltages of the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 are based on the premise that the same voltage is applied when the resistance is reduced and the resistance is increased, respectively.
  • Condition 1 In the low resistance write, the voltage state is set such that the global bit line GBL is higher than the word line, and the current flows from the bit line 53a to the memory cell 51 side (first resistance change element first A current flows in the direction in which the current flows from the resistance change layer 13 to the second resistance change layer 12 (see FIG. 18A) (FIG. 19A).
  • the same VCMN is applied to the gates of the transistors constituting the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the substrate bias effect is increased by raising the source potential, and the N-type current limiting element in which the threshold voltage Vt of the transistor is increased. 90 turns on. By doing so, the N-type current limiting element 90 operates in a source follower system and a current limiting state is realized (the low resistance write current is limited to ILR1 at point L in FIG. 20A).
  • Condition 2 Low-resistance writing and high-resistance writing (the word line is set to a high voltage state with respect to the global bit line GBL, and the current flows from the memory cell 51 side to the bit line 53a (second resistance change element second In any state of the current flowing in the direction in which the current flows from the variable resistance layer 12 to the first variable resistance layer 13 (see FIG. 18B), the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off in the gate voltage VCMN. Is applied (see FIGS. 19A and 19B). The low resistance writing and the high resistance writing operation are performed only through the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • the substrate bias effect of the N-type current limiting element 90 is smaller than that in the low-resistance writing. Therefore, more current drive is possible (point H in FIG. 20B (high resistance write current IHR1> ILR1)).
  • Condition 3 In the low resistance writing, the voltage state is set such that the word line is higher than the global bit line GBL, and the current flows from the memory cell 51 side to the bit line 53b (first resistance change element first The current flows in the direction in which the current flows from the resistance change layer 13 to the second resistance change layer 12 (see FIG. 18C).
  • the same VCMP is applied to the gates of the transistors constituting the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, and the source potential rises, thereby increasing the substrate bias effect and increasing the threshold voltage Vt of the transistor.
  • the element 91 is turned on (FIG. 19C), thereby realizing the operation in the current limit state in the source follower system (point L in FIG. 20C (the low resistance write current is ILR2 Limited to)).
  • Condition 4 Low resistance writing and high resistance writing (the voltage state is set such that the global bit line GBL is higher than the word line, and the current flows from the bit line 53a to the memory cell 51 side (resistance change element).
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is in the OFF state in any state of the current flowing in the direction in which the current flows from the second variable resistance layer 12 to the first variable resistance layer 13 (see FIG. 18D).
  • the substrate bias effect of the P-type current limiting element 91 is smaller than that of the low-resistance writing. Therefore, more current drive is possible (point H in FIG. 20D (high resistance write current IHR2> ILR2)).
  • Condition 5 The gate voltage, the write voltage, and the transistor size are adjusted so that the source follower current ILR1 of the N-type current limiting element 90 in Condition 1 is equal to the source follower current ILR2 of the P-type current limiting element 91 in Condition 3. To.
  • FIG. 19A shows the voltage state of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 when writing with low resistance to the odd layer memory cell.
  • the selected word line 52a (see FIG. 18A) is 0V
  • the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 is the current limiting voltage VCMN
  • the node CMP is connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91. Also, Vpof is applied.
  • the voltage VLR1 is applied to the global bit line GBL, the low resistance current ILR1 flows through the memory cell, and the voltage between the memory cell terminals (that is, the voltage between the selected word line and the intermediate node GBLI) is reduced to the low resistance voltage VLR. Therefore, the voltage of the intermediate node GBLI is approximately VLR. That is, the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 is VLR on the intermediate node GBLI side, the voltage is VLR, the drain of the N-type current limiting element 90 is on the global bit line GBL side, and the voltage is VLR1.
  • the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor is higher than the threshold voltage Vtn when the normal source voltage is 0 V because the source voltage is increased, and becomes Vtn ′ (> Vtn).
  • Imax ⁇ n / 2 ⁇ (Vgs ⁇ Vt) 2
  • ILR1 ⁇ n / 2 ⁇ (VCMN ⁇ VLR ⁇ Vtn ′) 2 (2)
  • ⁇ n W / L ⁇ ⁇ n ⁇ Cox.
  • W is the channel width of the N-type current limiting element 90
  • L is the channel length of the N-type current limiting element 90
  • ⁇ n is the electron mobility
  • Cox is the oxide film capacitance per unit area.
  • condition 2 Under the operating condition of condition 1 (FIG. 19A), the source terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 corresponds to the global bit line GBL side at a higher voltage.
  • the conditions for turning off the P-type current limiting element 91 are: VCMN ⁇ VLR1-
  • the direction of the applied voltage is reversed from that in the condition 1, so that the relationship between the source and drain of the N-type current limiting element 90 is switched, and the N-type current limiting element 90 Operates in a direction in which the substrate bias effect is reduced, and becomes a normal threshold voltage Vtn ( ⁇ Vtn ′).
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned on when VCMN> Vtn, and the current flowing through the N-type current limiting element 90 depends on the high resistance write voltage VHR1 applied to the word line 52a (this When the global bit line GBL is 0 V as shown in FIG. 19B, the N-type current limiting element 90 can flow up to a saturation region current (see FIG. 20B).
  • ILR1 can be satisfied by appropriately adjusting the high resistance write voltage VHR1.
  • condition 3 Although it is the same as Condition 1, since the direction of the voltage is reversed, the P-type current limiting element 91 is made to operate in the source follower system instead of the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • FIG. 19 (c) shows the voltage state of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 when writing to the even-numbered memory cell with low resistance.
  • the selected word line 52a (see FIG. 18C) is connected to VLR2 and the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 is connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 as a current limiting voltage VCMP.
  • the low resistance current ILR2 flows through the memory cell, and the voltage between the memory cell terminals (that is, the voltage between the selected word line and the intermediate node GBLI) is the low resistance voltage VLR. Therefore, the voltage of the intermediate node GBLI is approximately VLR2-VLR. That is, the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 is the intermediate node GBLI side, the voltage is 'VLR2-VLR', the drain is the global bit line GBL side, and the voltage is 0V.
  • the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor since the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor is in a state where the source voltage is lowered, it is higher than the normal threshold voltage magnitude
  • ⁇ p W / L ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Cox.
  • W is the channel width of the P-type current limiting element 91
  • L is the channel length of the P-type current limiting element 91
  • ⁇ p is the hole mobility
  • Cox is the oxide film capacitance per unit area.
  • condition 4 Under the operating condition of Condition 4, the source terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 corresponds to the global bit line GBL side at a lower voltage.
  • the conditions for turning off the N-type current limiting element 90 are: VCMP ⁇
  • Vtp The normal threshold voltage Vtp (
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 When the high resistance write voltage applied to the global bit line GBL is VHR2, the P-type current limiting element 91 is VCMP ⁇ VHR2 ⁇
  • ) 2 If VCMP 0V, IHR2 ⁇ ⁇ p / 2 ⁇ (VHR2-
  • ⁇ n and ⁇ p are terms proportional to the current capability per unit length of the transistor. Generally, PMOS is NMOS The current capability is about 1 ⁇ 2 of the current capacity.
  • the gate width (W) of the transistor of the P-type current limiting element 91 is designed to be about twice the gate width of the transistor of the N-type current limiting element 90, the expression (9) is approximately in the square term. You will be able to think in relation to big and small.
  • Vtn ′
  • the expression (9) can be satisfied if the PMOS and NMOS are made substantially the same. That is, the following relational expression is obtained.
  • ⁇ n and ⁇ p, or the threshold value is set to be the same for the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor, but may of course be set to be different.
  • FIG. 21 is a graph showing the set voltage ranges of the node CMP and the node CMN connected to the gate terminal among the conditions 1 to 5 described above.
  • the voltage condition of the voltage VCMN applied to the node CMN is (1) VCMN> VLR + Vtn ′ It becomes.
  • the threshold is Vtn ′> Vtn, and the items of Vgs are different.
  • condition 5 is satisfied because the current at the time of increasing the resistance is larger than the current at the time of decreasing the resistance in both the odd layer and the even layer.
  • 91 is a voltage drop due to the impedance between the source and drain.
  • the transistor width W of the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 is designed to be an appropriate width or more, and the impedance of the transistor when the resistance is lowered is lower than the low resistance state of the memory cell (VLR / ILR1 or By designing VLR / ILR2 or lower), the relationship of VLR2-VLR ⁇ VLR ⁇ VLR1 can be realized.
  • Table 2 shows the set voltages of main signals corresponding to the operations of the memory cells M1 to M4 in each layer.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 are constituted by NMOS transistors, but the gate voltage Vpp in the ON state is at least a voltage set higher than VHR2 + Vtn. Is applied to the even layer bit line selection signal and the odd layer bit line selection signal, and is desirably sufficiently smaller than the impedance when acting as a current limit of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the voltage VCMP, VCMN, VLR1, VHR1, VLR2, and VHR2 are finely adjusted at the manufacturing stage by trimming means generally known as a fuse program circuit for those designed based on these conditions. Needless to say, a more optimal state may be realized.
  • the gate voltage of the bit line selection switch element is set to be higher than at least the gate voltage VCMN of the N-type current limiting element 90, and the voltage obtained by boosting the power supply voltage of the entire circuit or the threshold voltage by about the threshold voltage from the VCMN. It may be applied to the layer bit line selection signal.
  • the voltages applied to the global bit line and the word line are at least the write voltage of the resistance change element and the threshold voltage VF of the diode element (the sum of both is approximately the resistance change voltage of the memory cell 51).
  • VLR or VHR the threshold voltage of the even layer bit line selection switch element or the odd layer bit line selection switch element, and the sum of the threshold voltages Vtn and Vtp of the N-type current limiting element 90 or P-type current limiting element 91
  • the driving voltage of the cross-point memory requires a voltage of about 5V.
  • the current limit writing for setting the resistance value in the low resistance state can be stably performed in each layer.
  • the low resistance writing and the high resistance writing for the memory cell in the same layer have the same voltage at the node CMN and the node CMP in each writing mode (see Tables 1 to 3). Low resistance writing and high resistance writing can be executed simply by changing the voltages of the related global bit line 56 and the selected word line 52.
  • VCMN0 to VCMN15 supplied for each block shown in FIG.
  • the voltage values of VCMP0 to VCMP15 can be made the same, so only one current limit control circuit is required, and the circuit can be simplified.
  • a method of performing a low resistance write after executing a high resistance write once at a low resistance write, or a low resistance write once executing a low resistance write at a high resistance write It is also possible to easily perform the inversion writing method such as the method of performing the high resistance writing after a short time.
  • the current limiting writing for setting the resistance value in the low resistance state is performed on the nonvolatile memory device having the multilayer cross-point memory structure in which the cross-point memory array layers formed with the same structure are stacked.
  • the multilayer cross-point memory structure in which the cross-point memory array layers formed with the same structure are stacked.
  • the direction in which the current in the direction of decreasing the resistance flows in the memory cell belonging to the memory array layer according to the memory array layer to be written is Of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91, only one of the transistors having a larger substrate bias effect is activated to perform a low resistance operation, and the current limitation for low resistance writing is the operation of the source follower.
  • the case of the method that is, the source follower method has been described.
  • the same configuration including the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 is assumed, but the control method is different.
  • a desired voltage is applied to the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 according to the memory array layer to be written.
  • the gate voltage is set so that one of the current limiting elements serves to reduce the resistance and the other current limiting element serves to increase the resistance.
  • the transistor having a smaller substrate bias effect is activated in the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91 to reduce the resistance.
  • the operation method is set so that the gate voltage value is set to an appropriate value and the current is limited (that is, the saturation current limiting method) so that the transistor operates in the saturation region.
  • the current that is, the saturation current limiting method
  • a transistor different from that for reducing resistance is used in the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91 in a sufficiently turned on state.
  • a voltage generation circuit for applying a desired gate voltage to the current limiting circuit is further provided.
  • Table 3 shows set voltages of main signals in the basic configuration schematic diagram shown in FIG. 11 corresponding to the operations of the memory cells M1 to M4 in each layer.
  • ON: sat means “to limit the current limiting element in the saturation region”.
  • only one of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91 is set to the ON state in accordance with the low resistance or high resistance writing of the same arranged layer memory cell. That is, in the case of the direction of the current to be written in the low resistance state, one of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on in a current-limited state according to a predetermined saturation region characteristic and written in the high resistance state. In the case of the current direction, the other of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on.
  • FIG. 22A shows an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation for setting the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell M1 in the low resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M1, 57 arranged in the (4n + 1) th layer, 57 is an even layer bit line selection switch element composed of PMOS transistors, and 58 is an odd layer bit line selection switch composed of NMOS transistors.
  • An element 90 corresponds to an N-type current limiting element constituted by an NMOS transistor, and 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element constituted by a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 by parallel connection in which the source terminal and the drain terminal are connected to each other.
  • the word flows so that the current flows in the direction of word line 52a ⁇ selected memory cell 51 ⁇ bit line 53b ⁇ even layer bit line selection switch element 57 ⁇ bidirectional current limit circuit 920 ⁇ global bit line 56.
  • a voltage VLR3 equal to or higher than the voltage VLR required for resistance reduction is applied to the line 52a with the global bit line 56 as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and writes the odd layer bit line in the low resistance state writing to the memory cell M1.
  • the selection switch element 58 is turned on.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal 0V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is indicated by a broken line). display).
  • the voltage Vpp is a voltage that is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage of the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58 and boosted to be equal to or higher than the power supply voltage Vcc.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a predetermined voltage Vnsn to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 to turn off the N-type current limit element 90, while the P-type current A voltage VCMP is applied to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the limiting element 91 so that the current flowing through the selected memory cell 51 is limited to a current value at which the current ILR3 becomes a predetermined current ILR3. Put limited on state. Further, the selected memory cell 51 sets the connected word line 52a to 0 V (reference voltage), and the global bit line 56 is set so that the voltage applied to the selected memory cell 51 is equal to or higher than the voltage VLR required for a predetermined resistance reduction. The voltage ILR3 is applied in such a direction that the selected memory cell 51 has a low resistance.
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 formed of a PMOS transistor operates in the saturation current region, and the gate voltage VCMP of the P-type current limiting element 91 is higher than the voltage VLR3 of the global bit line 56.
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 can function as a constant current source.
  • the selected memory cell 51 is limited to a predetermined current amount ILR3 for reducing resistance.
  • the low current state can be written by flowing the current that flows in the direction from the bit line 53a to the word line 52a to set the low resistance state with a predetermined resistance value.
  • the current limiting by the saturation current limiting method works against the low resistance current, and the memory cell M1 is brought into a desired low resistance state. Transition can be made.
  • FIG. 22B is an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for explaining a write operation for bringing the selected memory cell M1 in the (4n + 1) -th layer into the high resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. FIG.
  • the configuration is the same as that in FIG. 22A, but a voltage VHR3 that increases with respect to the global bit line 56 is applied to the word line 52a, and current is set to flow from the word line 52a to the bit line 53a.
  • writing in the high resistance state to the selected memory cell M1 is turned on by applying the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal 0V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a predetermined voltage VCMP (the same VCMP as that applied at A ′) to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 to thereby generate a P-type current limit element.
  • VCMP the same VCMP as that applied at A ′
  • the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 has a gate voltage Vnsn (the same Vnsn applied as A ′) that sufficiently turns the N-type current limiting element 90 on. Is turned on.
  • the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies 0 V (reference voltage) to the global bit line 56, and the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 increases the resistance applied to the word line 52a across the selected memory cell 51.
  • a voltage VHR3 is applied so as to be equal to or higher than the required voltage VHR, and a current is passed in the direction of increasing resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage Vnsn to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 as in the write to the low resistance state, and the N-type current limit element 90 is turned on.
  • the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 formed of an NMOS transistor is on the contact side with the global bit line 56 set to 0V.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 has a small substrate bias effect, and its gate voltage Vnsn is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage Vtn of the NMOS transistor. Therefore, the N-type current limiting element 90 has a higher resistance than the limiting current value ILR3 when the resistance is reduced. Can act as a bit line selection switch element having a current capability capable of flowing the activation current IHR3.
  • the potential of the first layer bit line 53a and the common contact GBLI is a voltage obtained by adding a voltage drop (approximately 0V) at the N-type current limiting element 90 to the voltage 0V of the global bit line 56, that is, a voltage of approximately 0V. Vup1.
  • the gate voltage Vnsn of the N-type current limiting element 90 is set to the same value as that when the resistance is lowered, and a voltage necessary for increasing the resistance of the selected memory cell 51 is set to the selected word line 52a.
  • a larger current can be flowed than in writing in the low resistance state, and high resistance writing can be reliably performed on the selected memory cell 51. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 1) -th layer memory cell M1 is increased by the above control, a larger current flows to the memory cell M1 than when the resistance is decreased, and the memory cell M1 is surely brought into the high resistance state. Transition can be made.
  • the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is Vnsn in both the low resistance writing and the high resistance writing.
  • the gate voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is VCMP and is set so that each gate voltage does not change even if the resistance change writing direction is different. Therefore, the resistance change writing direction is controlled by setting only the voltage applied to the global bit line GBL and the word line 52a.
  • the word line 52a is set to 0V
  • the global bit line GBL is set to VLR3
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned off
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on to limit the current.
  • the word line 52a is set to VHR3
  • the global bit line GBL is set to 0V
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned on
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off. Therefore, the P-type current limiting element 91 is used for low resistance writing, and the N-type current limiting element 90 is used for high resistance writing.
  • FIG. 22C shows an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for describing a write operation for setting the (4n + 2) -th layer memory cell M2 in the low resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M2 and 57 arranged in the (4n + 2) layer, 57 is an even layer bit line selection switch element constituted by NMOS transistors, and 58 is an even layer bit line selection switch constituted by PMOS transistors.
  • An element 90 corresponds to an N-type current limiting element composed of an NMOS transistor, and 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element composed of a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 by parallel connection in which the source terminal and the drain terminal are connected to each other.
  • a high voltage VLR4 is applied with reference to the word line 52a.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and turns it on in the low resistance state writing to the memory cell M2.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal 0V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the voltage Vpp is a voltage that is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and boosted to the same level or higher than the power supply voltage Vcc.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a predetermined voltage Vnsp to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 to turn off the P-type current limit element 91, while the N-type current limit circuit 91 is turned off.
  • a voltage VCMN limited to a current value of a predetermined current ILR4 is applied to the selected memory cell 51 to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the limiting element 90, and the current is limited to a predetermined ON state. .
  • the voltage applied to the selected memory cell 51 on the word line 52a connected to the selected memory cell 51 is applied to a voltage VLR4 that is equal to or higher than the voltage VLR required for reducing the resistance, and the global bit line 56 is applied with 0 V (reference voltage). Then, a current is passed in the direction in which the resistance of the selected memory cell 51 is reduced.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 formed of an NMOS transistor operates in a saturation current region, and the N-type current limiting element 90 is applied to the gate voltage VCMN of the N-type current limiting element 90 with respect to the voltage 0 V of the global bit line 56.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 can function as a constant current source.
  • the selected memory cell 51 receives a current limited to the predetermined current amount ILR4 by the word line.
  • the low resistance writing can be performed by flowing in the direction from the bit line 53b to the bit line 53b to set a predetermined low resistance state.
  • the current limitation by the saturation current limiting method works, and the memory cell M2 can be shifted to a desired low resistance state.
  • the gate voltages VCMN, VCMP and N-type current are set so that the predetermined current ILR4 has the same current value as the predetermined current ILR3 when the low resistance state is written in the memory cell of the (4n + 1) -th layer described in (A).
  • the transistor sizes of the limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are adjusted and set.
  • FIG. 22D shows an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52a for describing a write operation for setting the high resistance state of the memory cell M2 in the (4n + 2) layer in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram shown.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 22C, but the global bit line 56 is set to apply a high voltage VHR4 to the word line 52a and to pass a current from the bit line 53b to the word line 52a.
  • the high resistance state writing to the memory cell M2 is turned on by applying the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by setting the odd layer bit line selection signal to 0V.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies a predetermined voltage VCMN as the voltage of the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limit element 90 to turn off the N-type current limit element 90, while the P-type A voltage Vnsp is applied to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the current limiting element 91 to turn it on.
  • the word line decoder / driver circuit 74 applies 0 V (reference voltage) to the word line 52 a, and the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies the voltage across the selected memory cell 51 to the selected memory cell 51 on the global bit line 56.
  • a voltage VHR4 is applied so that the voltage becomes higher than the voltage VHR necessary for increasing the resistance, and the current IHR4 is passed in the direction of increasing the resistance.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage Vnsp to the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limit element 91 as in the write to the low resistance state, so that the P-type current limit element 91 is turned on.
  • the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 formed of a PMOS transistor is on the contact side with the global bit line 56 set to VHR4. Therefore, the P-type current limiting element 91 has a small substrate bias effect, and its source-gate voltage (VHR4-Vnsp) is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage Vt of the PMOS transistor. It can function as a bit line selection switch element having a current capability of a high resistance current IHR4 larger than the value ILR4.
  • the potential of the second layer bit line 53b and the common contact GBLI is substantially equal to the voltage VHR4 of the global bit line 56 minus the voltage drop (approximately 0V) at the P-type current limiting element 91, that is, the voltage VHR4.
  • the voltage Vup2 is the same potential.
  • the gate voltage Vnsp of the P-type current limiting element 91 is set to the same value as when the resistance is lowered, and only the voltage required for increasing the resistance of the selected memory cell 51 is set to the global bit line 56.
  • a current larger than that in writing in the low resistance state can be supplied, and high resistance writing can be reliably performed on the selected memory cell 51. That is, when the resistance of the (4n + 2) -th layer memory cell M2 is increased by the above control, a larger current flows to the memory cell M2 than when the resistance is decreased, and the memory cell M2 is surely brought into the high resistance state. Transition can be made.
  • the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is VCMN in both the low resistance writing and the high resistance writing.
  • the gate voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is Vnsp and is set so that the gate voltage does not change even if the resistance change writing direction is different. Therefore, the resistance change writing direction is controlled by setting only the voltage applied to the global bit line GBL and the word line 52a.
  • the word line 52a is set to VLR4, the global bit line GBL is set to 0V, the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned on, the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off, and the high resistance
  • the word line 52a is set to 0V
  • the global bit line GBL is set to VHR4
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned off, and the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on. Therefore, the N-type current limiting element 90 is used for low resistance writing, and the P-type current limiting element 91 is used for high resistance writing.
  • FIG. 22E shows an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52b for explaining a write operation for setting the (4n + 3) -th layer memory cell M3 in the low resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • FIG. 22E is different from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 22A in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line, and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 18A.
  • reference numeral 51 denotes a selected memory cell M3, 57 arranged in the (4n + 3) layer, an even layer bit line selection switch element constituted by an NMOS transistor, 90 an N-type current limiting element constituted by an NMOS transistor, Reference numeral 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element constituted by a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the global bit line 56 is connected to the global bit line 56 so that current flows in the direction of the global bit line 56 ⁇ the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 ⁇ the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 ⁇ the bit line 53b ⁇ the selected memory cell 51 ⁇ the word line 52b.
  • a high voltage VLR3 is applied with the word line 52b as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and turns it on when writing to the memory cell M3 in the low resistance state.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by applying an odd layer bit line selection signal 0V to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the voltage Vpp is a voltage that is sufficiently higher than the threshold voltage of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and boosted to the same level or higher than the power supply voltage Vcc.
  • the operation conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (A ′) (the word line 52b operates in the same manner as the word line 52a). Omitted.
  • FIG. 22F shows an element connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52b for explaining a write operation for setting the (4n + 3) -th layer memory cell M3 in the high resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • FIG. 22F differs from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 22B in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 22B.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 22E, but a high voltage VHR3 is applied to the word line 52b with respect to the global bit line 56, and the current IHR3 is set to flow from the word line 52b to the bit line 53b.
  • the high resistance state writing to the memory cell M3 is turned on by applying the even layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is turned off by setting the odd layer bit line selection signal to 0V.
  • the operating conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (B ′) (the word line 52b operates the same as the word line 52a). Omitted.
  • FIG. 22G shows a device connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52b for explaining a write operation for setting the (4n + 4) -th layer memory cell M4 in the low resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • FIG. 22G is different from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 22C in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51 and the word line, bit line, and odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is shown. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation is described only for the difference from FIG. 22C.
  • 51 is a selected memory cell M4, 58 arranged in the (4n + 4) th layer, odd-numbered bit line selection switch element composed of NMOS transistors, 90 is an N-type current limiting element composed of NMOS transistors, Reference numeral 91 corresponds to a P-type current limiting element constituted by a PMOS transistor.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 constitute a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 with a parallel connection in which the source terminals and the drain terminals are connected to each other.
  • the word line 52b ⁇ the selected memory cell 51 ⁇ the bit line 53c ⁇ the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58 ⁇ the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 ⁇ the global bit line 56 has a current flowing in the direction of the global bit line 56.
  • a high voltage VLR4 is applied with the bit line 56 as a reference.
  • the sub bit line selection circuit 73 applies the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and turns it on when writing to the memory cell M4 in the low resistance state.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by applying an even layer bit line selection signal 0V to the gate terminal of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is indicated by a broken line). ).
  • the operating conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (C ′) (the word line 52b operates in the same manner as the word line 52a). Omitted.
  • FIG. 22H shows a device connection configuration from the global bit line 56 to the word line 52b for explaining a write operation for setting the (4n + 4) -th layer memory cell M4 in the high resistance state in the cross-sectional configuration diagram of FIG. It is an equivalent circuit diagram.
  • FIG. 22H is different from the equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. 22D in that the bit line selection switch element for selecting the arrangement layer of the memory cell 51, the word line, the bit line and the odd layer / even layer bit line related thereto is shown. Although different, other parts are the same. Therefore, the description of this operation will be described only for the difference from FIG. 22D.
  • the configuration is the same as in FIG. 22G, but a high voltage is applied to the global bit line 56 to the word line 52b, and current is set to flow from the bit line 53c to the word line 52b.
  • writing in the high resistance state to the memory cell M2 is turned on by applying the odd layer bit line selection signal voltage Vpp to the gate terminal of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is turned off by setting the even layer bit line selection signal to 0V.
  • the operating conditions of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the global bit line 56, and the word line 52b are the same as those described in the above (D ′) (the word line 52b operates in the same manner as the word line 52a). Omitted.
  • writing to the low resistance state or the high resistance state is performed by applying the above-described voltage to the selected word line and the selected global bit line for a predetermined time (for example, pulse driving of about 50 ns).
  • the non-selected bit line other than the selected bit line and the non-selected word line other than the selected word line may be set to a high impedance state, or a voltage that does not turn on the diode of the non-selected memory cell may be applied. Good.
  • the current limiting control circuit 99 applies the first voltage to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 when the even-numbered memory cell is selected, The second voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91. On the other hand, when the odd-numbered memory cell is selected, the third voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90. At the same time, the fourth voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 (1) when writing in a low resistance state to even-numbered memory cells, the write current applied between the selected global bit line and the selected word line is N
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 90 having the smaller substrate bias effect between the case where the NMOS transistor constituting the P-type current limiting element 90 and the case where the PMOS transistor constituting the P-type current limiting element 91 is interposed are used.
  • the first voltage and the second voltage are applied to the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 so that one of the current-limiting elements 91 is turned on, and the N-type current limiting element 91 is applied.
  • the first voltage and the second voltage are applied to the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 so that the other of the element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off.
  • the direction of the write current applied between the selected global bit line and the selected word line is low.
  • the first voltage and the second voltage are reversed so that the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91 in the OFF state is turned on in the reverse direction to the writing in the resistance state.
  • the selected global bit line is selected.
  • the write current applied between the word lines passes through the NMOS transistor that constitutes the N-type current limiting element 90, and the PMOS transistor that constitutes the P-type current limiting element 91
  • the third voltage and the fourth voltage are applied to the N-type current limiting element so that one of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 having the smaller substrate bias effect is turned on.
  • the third voltage and the fourth voltage are applied to the gate terminals of the 90 and P-type current limiting elements 91, respectively, and the other of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the second current limiting element is turned off.
  • the selected global bit line and the selected word line The direction of the write current applied between the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 in the off-state is the on-state.
  • the third voltage and the fourth voltage are applied to the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91, respectively.
  • the voltage applied to both ends of the memory cell at the time of low resistance writing is set to VLR, and the voltage of the selected global bit line is selected.
  • the memory cell is written in a low resistance state, and when the voltage difference between the global bit line and the word line at that time is VLR3, the current limit control circuit 99 has a P-type current.
  • Vtp threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor constituting the limiting element 91
  • the gate voltage is VCMP
  • Vtn the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor
  • VLR the voltage applied to both ends of the memory cell at the time of low resistance writing
  • the voltage of the selected global bit line is the voltage of the selected word line.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 causes the N-type current limiter 90 to Assuming that the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor is Vtn and the gate voltage is VCMN, Vtn ⁇ VCMN ⁇ VLR4-VLR + Vtn Is applied to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limiting element 90 to turn on the N-type current limiting element 90 while the P-type current limiting element 91 is configured.
  • Vtp When the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor to be operated is Vtp and the gate voltage is Vnsp, VLR4-VLR-
  • the current limit control circuit 99 has an odd layer in which the current that flows when the P-type current limiter 91 is turned on and the current that flows when the N-type current limiter 90 is turned on are written in the low resistance state.
  • the direction of the current flowing between the global bit line and the word line is reversed between writing the low resistance state in the memory cell and writing the low resistance state in the even-numbered memory cell (the direction of the current flowing through the memory cell is the same)
  • the voltage VCMN is applied to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor, and the odd-numbered memory cells are reduced in voltage.
  • the voltage VCMP is applied to the gate terminal of the PMOS transistor.
  • the predetermined variation range is, for example, within 10%.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 applies the same voltage to the N-type current limiter 90 and the P-type current limit when writing to the write target memory cell in the high resistance state and in the low resistance state. Each is supplied to the gate terminal of the element 91.
  • the gate voltage at which both the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 can be turned on for writing to a predetermined layer both current limiting elements are Instead of being turned on at the same time, a gate potential that can be turned on depending on the source potential of each current limiting element is applied.
  • FIGS. 23A to 23D are configuration diagrams in which the voltage / current state of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is added to the configuration schematic diagram of FIG. 11, and FIGS. 24A to 24D are N-type configurations.
  • FIG. 6 is a voltage-device current characteristic diagram between GBLI / GBL of a current limiting element 90 and a P-type current limiting element 91.
  • FIGS. 23 (a) and 24 (a) show the low resistance write state of the odd-numbered memory cell, and FIG. 23 (b).
  • FIG. 23 (a) to (d) and FIGS. 24 (a) show the low resistance write state of the odd-numbered memory cell, and FIG. 23 (b).
  • FIG. 24B shows a high resistance write state of the odd layer memory cell
  • FIGS. 23C and 24C show a low resistance write state of the even layer memory cell
  • FIG. 23D and FIG. d) shows a high resistance write state of the even-numbered memory cell.
  • Condition 1 In the low resistance write, the global bit line GBL is set to a voltage higher than the word line (GBL-to-word line voltage is VLR3), and the current flows in the direction in which current flows from the bit line corresponding to the memory cell 51. ILR3 flows (FIGS. 22A, 22E, and 23 (a)).
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 having a smaller substrate bias effect is turned on to operate in the saturation region (L point (current ILR3) in FIG. 24A).
  • the gate voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is VCMP.
  • Condition 2 In condition 1, the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned off by the substrate bias effect (FIG. 24A). At this time, the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 is Vnsn.
  • Condition 3 In high-resistance writing, the word line is set to a higher voltage than the global bit line GBL (the voltage between the word line and GBL is VHR3), and the current flows in the direction in which current flows from the memory cell 51 to the corresponding bit line. IHR3 flows (H point (current IHR3) in FIG. 24B).
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 is turned on (the gate voltage is kept Vnsn), and the driving current at this time is larger than the driving current of the P-type current limiting element 91 in condition 1 (IHR3> ILR3).
  • the gate voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is VCMP, and the P-type current limiting element 91 may be in either an on state or an off state (FIG. 24B shows an off state).
  • Condition 4 In low resistance writing, the word line is set to a voltage higher than the global bit line GBL (the voltage between the word line and GBL is VLR4), and the current flows in the direction in which current flows from the memory cell 51 to the corresponding bit line. ILR4 flows (FIG. 23 (c)).
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 having a smaller substrate bias effect is turned on to operate in the saturation region (L point (current ILR4) in FIG. 24C).
  • the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 is VCMN.
  • Condition 5 When Condition 4 is satisfied, the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off by the substrate bias effect (FIG. 24C). At this time, the gate voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is Vnsp.
  • the global bit line GBL is set to a voltage higher than the word line (GBL-word line voltage is VLR4), and current flows in a direction in which current flows from the bit line corresponding to the memory cell 51. IHR4 flows (H point (current IHR4) in FIG. 24D).
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on (the gate voltage is kept at Vnsp), and the driving current at this time is larger than the driving current of the N-type current limiting element 90 in the condition 4 (IHR4> ILR4).
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 may be in either an on state or an off state (FIG. 24D shows the case of the off state).
  • the above point is to adjust the gate voltage, the write voltage, the transistor size, etc., and to set so as to satisfy the conditions 1 to 7.
  • a specific design method will be described in order.
  • FIG. 23A shows the voltage state of the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 when writing resistance-reduced to the odd-numbered memory cell.
  • the selected word line 52a or 52b (not shown) is connected to 0V
  • the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 is connected to the current limiting voltage VCMP and the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • a predetermined voltage Vnsn is applied to the node CMN.
  • the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are turned on by applying Vpp to the gate of one bit line selection switch element corresponding to the selected memory cell. 0V is applied to the gate of the bit line selection switch element to turn it off (not shown).
  • the voltage VLR3 is applied to the global bit line GBL, and the voltage between the memory cell terminals (that is, the voltage between the selected word line and the intermediate node GBLI) is set to a voltage corresponding to the low resistance voltage VLR (the voltage of the intermediate node GBLI). Is approximately VLR), and the low resistance current ILR3 is supplied to the selected memory cell 51. That is, one of the source and drain voltages of the P-type current limiting element 91 becomes VLR on the intermediate node GBLI side, and the other drain or source voltage becomes VLR3 on the global bit line GBL side.
  • Vds represents the drain-source voltage of the transistor
  • Vgs represents the gate-source voltage
  • Vt represents the threshold voltage of the transistor.
  • the condition for turning on the P-type current limiting element 91 is as follows: Vgs> Vt VLR3-VCMP>
  • the voltage range of VCMP is VLR ⁇
  • ILR3 ⁇ p / 2 ⁇ (VLR3-VCMP ⁇
  • ⁇ p W / L ⁇ ⁇ p ⁇ Cox
  • W is the channel width of the P-type current limiting element 91
  • L is the channel length of the P-type current limiting element 91
  • ⁇ p is the hole mobility
  • Cox is the oxidation per unit area Represents membrane capacity.
  • condition 2 The condition for turning off the transistor is Vgs ⁇ Vt.
  • the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 corresponds to the GBLI side where the voltage is lower.
  • the condition for turning off the N-type current limiting element 90 is: Vnsn ⁇ VLR ⁇ Vtn That means Vnsn ⁇ VLR + Vtn (14) It becomes.
  • the N-type current limiting element 90 changes to the on-state in the case of the condition 2, although it is in the off-state.
  • the current flowing through the N-type current limiting element 90 depends on the high resistance write voltage VHR3, but can flow up to the current when the N-type current limiting element 90 enters the saturation region at the maximum.
  • IHR3 ⁇ ⁇ n / 2 ⁇ (Vnsn ⁇ Vtn) 2 From Equations (13) and (15), it can be seen that IHR3> ILR3 can be satisfied by adjusting ⁇ p, ⁇ n, VCMP, and Vnsn.
  • condition 4 When the resistance-reduced writing is performed on the even-layer memory cell, the condition is the same as in the condition 1. However, since the direction of the applied voltage between the global bit line and the selected word line is reversed, the N-type is used instead of the P-type current limiting element 91. The current limiting element 90 is operated in the saturation region.
  • the condition for the N-type current limiting element 90 to operate in the saturation region is: VLR4-VLR ⁇ VCMN-Vtn That means VCMN ⁇ VLR4 ⁇ VLR + Vtn (16) It becomes.
  • the voltage range of VCMN is Vtn ⁇ VCMN ⁇ VLR4 ⁇ VLR + Vtn It becomes.
  • condition 5 As in condition 2, the direction of the applied voltage between the global bit line and the selected word line is reversed, so that the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned off instead of the N-type current limiting element 90.
  • Condition 6 Although it is the same as Condition 3, since the direction of the applied voltage between the global bit line and the selected word line is reversed, the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on.
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 satisfies the condition of Vnsp ⁇ VHR4 ⁇ Vtp, in the case of Condition 5, the P-type current limiting element 91 is at the same gate voltage Vnsp even though it is in the OFF state.
  • the P-type current limiting element 91 is turned on.
  • the current flowing through the P-type current limiting element 91 depends on the high resistance write voltage VHR4, but can flow up to the current when the P-type current limiting element 91 enters the saturation region. That is, IHR4 ⁇ ⁇ p / 2 ⁇ (VHR4-Vnsp ⁇
  • IHR4 ⁇ ⁇ p / 2 ⁇ (VHR4-Vnsp ⁇
  • ) 2 ⁇ n (VCMN ⁇ Vtn) 2 (20) ⁇ n, ⁇ p, VCMP, VCMN, and VLR3 are adjusted to satisfy this relationship.
  • ⁇ n and ⁇ p are terms proportional to the current capability per unit length of the transistor. The current capability is about half that of an NMOS transistor. Therefore, if the transistor width (W) of the PMOS transistor constituting the P-type current limiting element 91 is designed to be twice the transistor width of the NMOS transistor constituting the N-type current limiting element 90, the equation (20) is approximately It becomes possible to think with the magnitude relationship only in the squared term.
  • the threshold voltage can be set to be the same because the absolute value of the NMOS transistor and the PMOS transistor can be almost the same voltage value.
  • the squared term depends only on terms related to the gate-source voltages (VCMN and VCMP).
  • FIG. 25 is a graph showing an example of the set voltage range of the gate CMP and the CMN among the conditions 1 to 7 described above.
  • VLR4-VLR-
  • ) 2 ⁇ p / 2 ⁇ (VLR3-VLR) 2 (13) ′
  • the voltage applied to the node CMN connected to the gate terminal of the N-type current limiting element 90 is as shown in FIG. As is clear, (ii) is higher than (iii). That is, (ii) can drive more current than (iii). Similarly, the node CMP connected to the gate terminal of the P-type current limiting element 91 is lower in (iv) than in (i). That is, (iv) can drive more current than (i).
  • the voltage difference A shown in FIG. 25 is caused between the source and drain of the P-type current limiting element 91 when the low resistance voltage VLR3 is applied to the global bit line GBL and the low resistance current ILR3 is supplied to the selected memory cell.
  • the voltage difference B is the source voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 when the low resistance voltage VLR4 is applied to the selected word line and the low resistance current ILR4 is supplied to the selected memory cell. This is a divided voltage due to the impedance between the drains.
  • the transistor width W of the P-type current limiting element 91 and the N-type current limiting element 90 is designed to be an appropriate width or more, and the impedance of the transistor when the resistance is lowered is lower than the low resistance state of the memory cell (VLR / ILR3 or By designing (making VLR / ILR4 or less), the relationship of VLR4-VLR ⁇ VLR ⁇ VLR3 can be realized.
  • Table 4 shows the set voltages of main signals corresponding to the operations of the memory cells M1 to M4 in each layer.
  • the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 are formed of NMOS transistors in the present embodiment, but the gate voltage is a voltage set higher than at least VHR4 + Vtn. Is applied to the even layer bit line selection signal and the odd layer bit line selection signal, and is desirably sufficiently smaller than the impedance when acting as a current limit of the N-type current limiting element 90 or the P-type current limiting element 91.
  • the voltage VCMP, Vnsn, VCMN, and Vnsp are finely adjusted at the manufacturing stage by trimming means generally known as a fuse program circuit for those designed based on these conditions, so that a more optimal condition can be obtained. Needless to say, the state may be realized.
  • the current limit control circuit 99 includes a current limit voltage generation circuit 206, a Vnsn voltage generation circuit 207, a Vnsp voltage generation circuit 208, an output selection circuit 214, and an output circuit 219.
  • a constant current source 201 is a constant current source that generates a predetermined low resistance current ILR4.
  • the NMOS transistor 203 has a source terminal connected to the ground (0 V), and a drain terminal and a gate terminal connected to each other.
  • the NMOS transistor 204 has a source terminal connected to ground (0 V).
  • the low resistance voltage VLR3 of the odd-numbered memory cell is connected to the source terminal, and the drain terminal and the gate terminal are connected.
  • a constant current source 201 and a diode-connected NMOS transistor 203 are connected in series, a diode-connected PMOS transistor 205 and an NMOS transistor 204 are connected in series, and the gate of the NMOS transistor 203 and The drain terminal and the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 204 are configured by current mirror connection, the gate of the NMOS transistor 203 is configured as an output terminal CMNS, and the gate of the PMOS transistor 205 is configured as an output terminal CMPS.
  • the current control elements 29 a and 29 b are the same current control elements used at the memory cell 51 with one end connected to the ground.
  • the fixed resistance elements 209a and 209b are fixed resistance elements having resistance values equivalent to the low resistance state of the variable resistance element 10.
  • the NMOS transistor 211 has a drain terminal and a gate terminal connected to each other.
  • the PMOS transistor 210 has a source terminal connected to the power supply voltage VLR3 and a gate terminal connected to the output node CMPS of the current limiting voltage generation circuit 206.
  • the PMOS transistor 210, the NMOS transistor 211, the fixed resistance element 209a, and the current control element 29a are connected in series between the power supply voltage VLR3 and the ground, and the drain node nsns of the NMOS transistor 211 is connected to the output terminal. It has become.
  • the current control element 29 a is the same bidirectional diode element used in the memory cell 51.
  • the fixed resistance element 209 a is a fixed resistance element having a resistance value equivalent to that of the low resistance state of the resistance change element 10.
  • the PMOS transistor 213 has a drain terminal and a gate terminal connected to each other.
  • the NMOS transistor 212 has a source terminal connected to the ground and a gate terminal connected to the output node CMNS of the current limiting voltage generation circuit 206.
  • a fixed resistance element 209a, a current control element 29a, a PMOS transistor 213, and an NMOS transistor 212 are connected in series between the low resistance voltage VLR4 of the even layer memory cell and the ground, and the PMOS transistor 213 is connected.
  • the drain node nsps is an output terminal.
  • the output selection circuit 214 selects and outputs the first input CMPS or the second input nsps as an output signal to the first output node CMP2 according to the MLAY signal, and as an output signal to the second output node CMN2.
  • the third input CMNS or the fourth input nsns is selectively output.
  • the output circuit 219 includes two differential amplifiers 220 and 221 that amplify currents of the input signal from the first output node CMP2 and the input signal from the second output node CMN2, respectively.
  • the differential amplifier 220 is a first differential amplifier in which a first input terminal is connected to the first output node CMP2, and a second input terminal and an output terminal are feedback-connected.
  • the differential amplifier 221 is a second differential amplifier in which the first input terminal is connected to the second output node CMN2, and the second input terminal and the output terminal are feedback connected. Smoothing capacitors 222 and 223 for stabilizing the operation are connected to the output terminals of the differential amplifiers 220 and 221, respectively.
  • the NMOS transistor 203, the NMOS transistor 204, the NMOS transistor 212, and the N-type current limiting element 90 have the same transistor size in order to match their current capabilities, and the PMOS transistor 205, the PMOS transistor 210, and the P-type current limiting element 91. And have the same transistor size in order to match their current capabilities.
  • the constant current source 201 supplies the low resistance write current ILR4 to the selected memory cell in the even layer. Since the diode-connected NMOS transistor 203 has the same gate width Wns as that of the N-type current limiting element 90, when the current ILR4 flows, the drain terminal voltage common to the gate terminal becomes the current limiting voltage VCMN. This voltage VCMN is output to the CMNS terminal of the current limiting voltage generation circuit 206. Since the CMNS terminal is current mirror-connected to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 204 having the same size as the NMOS transistor 203 with a mirror ratio of 1, the drain-source current I1 of the NMOS transistor 204 is also ILR4.
  • the Vnsn voltage generation circuit 207 When the current ILR3 flows through the Vnsn voltage generation circuit 207 in which the respective elements are connected in series, the potential difference between the current control element 29a and the fixed resistance element 209a having the same resistance value as the low resistance state becomes the write voltage VLR to the low resistance state, and the diode Since the potential difference of the connected NMOS transistor 211 is approximately Vtn, the voltage at the intermediate node nsns has the same relationship as in equation (17), and the Vnsn voltage generation circuit 207 generates the voltage Vnsn.
  • the current transistor is connected to the NMOS transistor 203 with a mirror ratio of 1, and both source terminals are connected to the ground. Therefore, the drain-source current I3 of the NMOS transistor 212 is the same as that of the ILR4.
  • the potential difference between the fixed resistance element 209b and the current control element 29b having the same resistance value as that of the low resistance state in which the power supply voltage VLR4 is connected to one end is low resistance.
  • the Vnsp voltage generation circuit 208 sets the voltage Vnsp to the state write voltage VLR. appear.
  • the switch elements 215 and 216 configured by PMOS transistors are turned on and configured by NMOS transistors.
  • the switch elements 217 and 218 are turned off, the voltage VCMP is output to the first output node CMP2 of the output selection circuit 214, and the voltage Vnsn is output to the second output node CMN2.
  • the voltage Vnsp is output to the output node CMP2, and the voltage VCMN is output to the second output node CMN2.
  • the combination of the voltages that are output-selected by the signal MLAY corresponds to the voltages that are input to the node CMN and the node CMP of the bidirectional current limiting circuit when the odd-numbered memory cell and the even-numbered memory cell are selected.
  • the voltages at the first output node CMP2 and the second output node CMN2 are amplified by the differential amplifiers 220 and 221, respectively, and the same voltage (the same voltage as the input voltage) is used as the node CMP and the node CMN, respectively. Is output.
  • the output node CMP and the node CMN are connected in parallel to a plurality of bidirectional current limiting circuits as shown in FIG.
  • the voltages of the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 in each write mode can be set and controlled to an optimum state.
  • the configuration of the Vnsn voltage generation circuit 207 is the Vnsn voltage generation circuit.
  • the configuration may be such that the PMOS transistor 210 and the fixed resistance element 209a are connected in series, except for the NMOS transistor 211 of 207, and the configuration of the Vnsp voltage generation circuit 208 is the same as that of the Vnsp voltage generation circuit 208 except for the PMOS transistor 213.
  • the NMOS transistor 212 and the current control element 29b may be connected in series.
  • the output voltage Vnsn to the nsns terminal and the output voltage Vnsp to the nsps terminal may be input from the outside.
  • the current limit writing for setting the resistance value in the low resistance state can be stably performed in each layer.
  • the global bit line 56 related to the selected memory cell is selected. Low resistance writing and high resistance writing can be performed in a short time by simply changing the voltage of the word line 52.
  • VCMN 0 to VCMN 0 to be supplied to each block shown in FIG. Since the voltage value of VCMN15 and the voltage values of VCMP0 to VCMP15 can be made the same, and only one current limit control circuit is required, the circuit configuration can be simplified.
  • a method of performing a low resistance write after performing a high resistance write at the time of low resistance write, or a low resistance write by executing a low resistance write at the time of high resistance write It is also possible to easily perform the inversion writing method such as the method of performing the high resistance writing after a short time.
  • the VHR 4 has at least the low resistance write voltage or the high resistance write voltage of the variable resistance element constituting the memory cell 51 and the threshold voltage VF of the current control element (bidirectional diode element).
  • Resistance change voltage VLR or VHR) the threshold voltage of the even layer bit line selection switch element or the odd layer bit line selection switch element, and the threshold voltage Vtn of the N-type current limiting element 90 or P-type current limiting element 91 or The sum of Vtp or more is required.
  • the write voltage of the resistance change element is 1V
  • the threshold voltage VF of the diode element is 2V
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor of the bit line selection switch element or the current limiting element is about 0.5V
  • a voltage of about 3.5V is required. become.
  • a margin is provided, and the threshold voltage of the transistor is higher than 0.5 V due to the influence of the substrate bias effect. Therefore, a driving voltage for writing in the cross-point memory needs a voltage of about 5V.
  • a deployment configuration that can further optimize the structure and control of the cross-point memory having the configuration of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, lower the write voltage, and reduce power consumption is conceivable.
  • FIG. 27 shows a configuration in which the threshold voltage Vt of the MOS transistors constituting the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 is adjusted to 0 V in the configuration of FIG. N-type current limiting element and P-type current limiting element are referred to as N-type current limiting element 90a and P-type current limiting element 91a, respectively).
  • the threshold voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 in this development example is the third threshold voltage
  • the threshold voltage of the P-type current limiting element 91 is the fourth threshold voltage
  • the threshold voltages of the other NMOS transistors are the first threshold voltage.
  • the threshold voltage and other threshold voltages of the PMOS transistors are set as the second threshold voltage.
  • a method of changing the threshold voltage Vt by a predetermined transistor can be easily performed by providing a mask only for the transistor portion so that Vt implantation does not enter as is generally known, or by changing the Vt implantation amount only in that region. is there.
  • the depletion transistor is configured by changing the implanted ion species only in that region, not the threshold value, and the N-type current limiting element 90a is set to a normally-on state with a negative voltage, and the P-type current limiting element 91a is set to a positive threshold voltage. It may be set.
  • the high level of the even layer bit line selection signal and the odd layer bit line selection signal is a voltage equal to or higher than the sum of the resistance change voltage VLR or VHR of the memory cell 51 and the threshold voltage Vt of the selection switch.
  • the impedances in the ON state of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are made as small as possible.
  • the write voltages VLR1, VLR2, VLR3, and VLR4 to the low resistance state between the global bit line and the word line can be reduced by the threshold voltage of the transistor.
  • N-type current limiting element 90a or the P-type current limiting element 91a functions not as a switching function but as a kind of resistor having a bidirectional current limiting function. become.
  • the threshold voltage may be set to a depletion type that is a negative voltage instead of 0V.
  • the write voltages VLR1, VLR2, VLR3, and VLR4 can be lowered by the threshold voltage of the transistor, and accordingly, the VHR1, VHR2, VHR3, and VHR4 can also be lowered to stabilize the write operation. Lower power consumption is possible.
  • the driving voltage of the even layer bit line selection signal and the odd layer bit line selection signal and the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90a use relatively high voltages as described above. Since only the gate drive is used, the contribution to the reduction in power consumption is small compared to the reduction in the write voltages VLR1, VLR2, VLR3, and VLR4.
  • the threshold voltage Vt of the NMOS transistors of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is also set to the third threshold voltage of 0 V or less in the configuration of FIG. (Here, such even layer bit line selection switch element and odd layer bit line selection switch element are referred to as even layer bit line selection switch element 57a and odd layer bit line selection switch element 58a, respectively).
  • FIG. 29 shows an example of the driver circuit 980 among the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 used in the case of the development example 2.
  • the driver circuit 980 outputs either the first voltage output state corresponding to the high level of the write voltage or the second voltage output state corresponding to the low level in the activated state, and high impedance in the inactivated state.
  • a tri-state buffer 981 for outputting a state; one end of which is wired-connected to the output terminal of the tri-state buffer 981, and the other end is a third that is equal to or greater than the sum of absolute values of the first threshold voltage and the third threshold voltage.
  • a pull-up element 982 connected to the voltage.
  • the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 applies the third voltage to the non-selected global bit line when writing to the memory cell 51, while non-reading when reading from the memory cell 51.
  • the third voltage is applied to the selected global bit line.
  • the third voltage is preferably a bit line voltage when the memory cell 51 is brought into a non-selected state.
  • the driver circuit 980 includes a tri-state buffer 981 and a PMOS transistor pull-up element 982 wired to the output of the tri-state buffer 981.
  • the tri-state buffer 981 includes data0, data1, and data2 indicating write data.
  • Data3 are input, and decode signals AD0, AD1, AD2, AD3 for instructing global bit line selection are connected to an enable terminal EN.
  • decode signals AD0, AD1, AD2, and AD3 are connected to the gate terminal of the pull-up element 982, and a voltage source set to about 1 V is connected to the source of the pull-up element 982.
  • driver circuits 980 having the same configuration are connected to global bit lines GBL000, GBL001, GBL002, and GBL003, respectively.
  • FIG. 30 shows a voltage relationship diagram regarding the method of setting the source voltage of the pull-up element 982.
  • the threshold voltage of an NMOS transistor constituting a peripheral circuit such as a write circuit or a read circuit is set to Vtn1 as a first threshold voltage, and the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 (57a) and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 (58a).
  • the NMOS transistor is represented as Vtn3 as the third threshold voltage.
  • the threshold voltage to be set is 0 V, but represents the lower limit of the set threshold voltage including variations.
  • the source voltage to be set is a voltage not less than Vtn1 +
  • the threshold voltages of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57a and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58a are also set to 0V. This eliminates the need for boosting the gate voltage in the selected state and lowers the write voltage. On the other hand, even if the gate voltage is set to 0 V in the non-selected state, it is not selected because of the off-leakage current. A leakage current is generated between the global bit line and the non-selected bit line, which may cause an increase in current consumption and cause a malfunction in the read operation.
  • a method is employed in which the transistor is turned off by setting the source voltage higher than the gate voltage or the substrate voltage and effectively reducing the gate-source voltage below the threshold voltage of a normal transistor.
  • a non-selected global bit line is configured to apply 1 V as a voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage.
  • a high level is input to the decode signal AD0 of the tristate buffer 981, the tristate buffer 981 is activated, and information indicated by the write data signal data0 is transmitted to the global bit line GBL000. It is done.
  • FIG. 31 shows an equivalent circuit of the even layer or odd layer bit line selection switch element between the global bit line and the bit line and the current limiting element.
  • Va and Vb respectively indicate gate voltages Vg viewed from the source and drain of the NMOS transistor (even-numbered layer bit line selection switch element 57a or odd-numbered layer bit line selection switch element 58a). In the non-selected state, 0 V is applied as the gate voltage.
  • the unselected global bit line is 1 V, and the bit line side is about 1/2 of the voltage applied to both ends of the memory cell at the time of writing or reading (at the time of reading: about 1 V to 2 V, at the time of writing: about 2 V ⁇ 3V).
  • Vg (that is, (Va)) viewed from the global bit line side is ⁇ 1V
  • Vg (that is, (Vb) viewed from the bit line side is also from ⁇ 1V to ⁇ 3V.
  • the gate-source voltage Vg is sufficiently lower than the threshold voltage (0 V), and the even-numbered bit line selection switch element 57a and the odd-numbered bit line selection switch element 58a are effectively turned off. Leakage current can be reduced.
  • the source voltage of the pull-up element 982 is Vtn1 +
  • the drive voltages of the even layer bit line selection signal and the odd layer bit line selection signal and the gate voltage of the N-type current limiting element 90 are also lower than those in the case of the development example 1. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a booster circuit for these purposes, and it is possible to reduce the voltage and simplify the circuit configuration.
  • 0V and a negative voltage are set as the threshold voltage of a predetermined transistor, since there are variations among many transistors in actual manufacturing, for example, even if the threshold voltage is called 0V, it is distributed as a positive voltage or a negative voltage. . In general, the threshold voltage varies from 50 mV to 100 mV, which means that the threshold voltage is 100 mV or less for an NMOS transistor and -100 mV or more for a PMOS transistor.
  • the threshold voltage of a normal transistor is about 500 mV for an NMOS transistor and ⁇ for a PMOS transistor, as in a general LSI. It is formed at about 500 mV. Therefore, in order to lower the write operation voltage, which is one aspect of the present invention, by reducing the threshold voltage to 0 V or lower, the voltage can be lowered to about 500 mV, leading to an obvious effect.
  • the threshold values of the transistors described in the development examples 1 and 2 are not necessarily set to 0 V or less. Needless to say, setting to a low level of about 500 mV is also included in the spirit of the present invention.
  • the cross-point type variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention has been described using the first and second embodiments and the development examples 1 and 2, but the present invention is not limited to such a form. Absent. Without departing from the gist of the present invention, it is possible to obtain various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art for each embodiment and development example, and any combination of components in each embodiment and development example. Forms that can be used are also included in the present invention.
  • the second variable resistance layer 12 is positioned above as the direction of the variable resistance element 10 in the Z direction.
  • the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present invention is You may provide the resistance change element of reverse direction.
  • the memory cells M1, M2, M3, and M4 in FIG. 11 are M4, M4, and M4 in the relationship between the memory cell and the bit line 53 and the word line 52 that sandwich the memory cell, respectively. Since it corresponds to M3, M2, and M1, it can be dealt with by changing the control method along with it.
  • the oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide constituting the first variable resistance layer and the second variable resistance layer is a tantalum oxide, but the variable resistance element according to the present invention is
  • the first variable resistance layer and the second variable resistance layer are not limited to this material, and reversibly change at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages having different polarities.
  • the resistance change layer has a resistance change characteristic and the resistance change layer has a low resistance, the current is limited, and when the resistance is increased, the absolute value of the low resistance voltage is larger than the absolute value of the low resistance voltage.
  • Any variable resistance layer that can stably operate when a polarity voltage is applied may be used.
  • variable resistance layers of oxygen-deficient transition metal oxides have a bidirectional resistance change characteristic, similar to variable resistance layers composed of oxygen-deficient tantalum oxides.
  • oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide and zirconium oxide are formed by reactive sputtering using a hafnium and zirconium target and sputtering in an inert gas atmosphere containing oxygen. can do.
  • the oxygen concentration in the film can be adjusted by adjusting the oxygen concentration contained in the atmosphere during sputtering.
  • the resistance change layer is configured by a laminated structure of tantalum oxide, but the above-described effects of the present invention are not expressed only in the case of tantalum oxide.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a stacked structure of hafnium (Hf) oxide or a stacked structure of zirconium (Zr) oxide may be used.
  • the metals constituting the first variable resistance layer and the second variable resistance layer may be different.
  • the standard electrode potential of the metal constituting the second resistance change layer having a small oxygen deficiency is smaller than the standard electrode potential of the metal constituting the first resistance change layer having a large oxygen deficiency. Since the smaller standard electrode potential is, the easier it is to oxidize, the standard electrode potential of the metal constituting the second variable resistance layer having a small oxygen deficiency is used as the first variable resistance layer having the large oxygen deficiency. It is preferable to make it smaller than the standard electrode potential of metal.
  • the main resistance change layer that exhibits a resistance change includes an oxide layer such as tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, etc.
  • Other elements may be included. It is also possible to intentionally include a small amount of other elements by fine adjustment of the resistance value, and such a case is also included in the scope of the present invention. For example, if nitrogen is added to the resistance change layer, the resistance value of the resistance change layer increases and the reactivity of resistance change can be improved.
  • the variable resistance layer includes the first oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide having the composition represented by MO x . 1 region (first resistance change layer) and a second region (second region) containing a second oxygen-deficient transition metal oxide having a composition represented by MO y (where x ⁇ y)
  • the first region and the second region have predetermined impurities (for example, for adjusting the resistance value) in addition to the transition metal oxide having the corresponding composition. The additive) is not prevented.
  • an unintended trace element may be mixed into the resistive film due to residual gas or outgassing from the vacuum vessel wall. Naturally, it is also included in the scope of the present invention when mixed into the film.
  • the electrode (second electrode) arranged so as to be in contact with the second variable resistance layer (high-concentration oxide layer) has been described as an example of Pt (platinum). , Au (gold), Ir (iridium), Pd (palladium), Cu (copper), Ag (silver), etc., one of materials whose standard electrode potential is higher than the standard electrode potential of the transition metal constituting the resistance change layer What is necessary is just to comprise using one or several materials.
  • the electrode (first electrode) disposed so as to be in contact with the first resistance change layer (low-concentration oxide layer) is made of a material (for example, the second electrode is smaller than the standard electrode potential of the material constituting the second electrode).
  • the noble metal material it is preferably composed of W, Ni, TaN or the like.
  • the standard electrode potential of the first electrode material is composed of a material having a value equal to or lower than the standard electrode potential of the transition metal constituting the resistance change layer.
  • V 2> V M between the standard electrode potential V M of the transition metal constituting the standard electrode potential V 2 and the variable resistance layer of the second electrode is related to V 2> V M, and the second electrode There is preferably a relationship of V 2 > V 1 between the standard electrode potential V 2 and the standard electrode potential V 1 of the first electrode. Further, more preferably in the relationship of V 1 ⁇ V M.
  • the resistance change phenomenon can be stably caused in the second resistance change layer in contact with the second electrode.
  • the present invention is a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device, in particular, a memory cell array having a multilayer memory structure in which cross-points are stacked is multi-divided, and has a small layout area, high integration, and a small area.
  • a bidirectional current limit write circuit in the resistance value setting in the low resistance state for the cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device, it is possible to create variable resistance elements in the same direction in all layers. This is useful as a nonvolatile memory device having stable resistance change characteristics at low cost.
  • variable resistance element 11 upper electrode (third electrode) 12 Second variable resistance layer 13 First variable resistance layer 14 Lower electrode 21 Upper electrode (second electrode) 22 Current control layer 23 Lower electrode (first electrode) 26-28 Via 29, 29a, 29b Current control element 51 Memory cell 52, 52a-52d Word line 53, 53a-53e Bit line 54 Even layer bit line via 55 Odd layer bit line via 56 Global bit lines 57, 57a, 65 -68 Even layer bit line selection switch elements 58, 58a, 61-64 Odd layer bit line selection switch element 70 Upper wiring 71 Lower wiring 73 Sub bit line selection circuit 74 Word line decoder / driver circuits 90, 90a, 92, 94, 96 N-type current limiting element 91, 91a, 93, 95, 97 P-type current limiting element 98 Global bit line decoder / driver circuit 99 Current limit control circuit 100, 200 Memory cell array 105 Write circuit 106 Read circuit 107 Data input / output circuit 108 Pulse Generator circuit 109 110 Address input circuit 190, 203

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif multicouche de mémoire non volatile de résistance variable à points de croisement, constitué de cellules de mémoire formées dans la même direction de façon à stabiliser les caractéristiques de chaque couche. Les cellules (51) de mémoire sont formées dans les positions d'intersection entre des lignes (53) de bits disposées dans la direction X et des lignes (52) de mots disposées dans la direction Y, les lignes de bits et les lignes de mots étant formées en couches multiples. Dans une structure multicouche à points de croisement dans laquelle une pluralité de plans de matrices verticales définis pour les groupes respectifs de lignes de bits alignés dans la direction Z et ayant en commun les lignes de mots sont rangés dans la direction Y, la commutation de la connexion / déconnexion électrique entre les lignes de bits de couche paire dotées d'une connexion commune et une ligne de bits globale (56) est commandée par un élément commutateur (57) de sélection de lignes de bits de couche paire, et la commutation de la connexion / déconnexion électrique entre les lignes de bits de couche impaire dotées d'une connexion commune et la ligne de bits globale est commandée par un élément commutateur (58) de sélection de lignes de bits de couche impaire. Un circuit bidirectionnel (920) limiteur de courant constitué en reliant en parallèle un élément limiteur de courant de type P (91) et un élément limiteur de courant de type N (90) est placé entre l'élément commutateur (57) de sélection de lignes de bits de couche paire et l'élément commutateur (58) de sélection de lignes de bits de couche impaire, et la ligne de bits globale (56).
PCT/JP2011/003125 2010-06-03 2011-06-02 Dispositif de mémoire non volatile de résistance variable à points de croisement WO2011152061A1 (fr)

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US13/380,624 US8441839B2 (en) 2010-06-03 2011-06-02 Cross point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device
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CN111445937A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2020-07-24 华邦电子股份有限公司 电阻式存储器
JP2022060149A (ja) * 2020-10-02 2022-04-14 サンディスク テクノロジーズ エルエルシー 反転されたｍｒａｍ素子の垂直配向を有する改善されたｍｒａｍクロスポイントメモリ

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