WO2011145406A1 - 太陽電池一体型気体製造装置 - Google Patents

太陽電池一体型気体製造装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011145406A1
WO2011145406A1 PCT/JP2011/058811 JP2011058811W WO2011145406A1 WO 2011145406 A1 WO2011145406 A1 WO 2011145406A1 JP 2011058811 W JP2011058811 W JP 2011058811W WO 2011145406 A1 WO2011145406 A1 WO 2011145406A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photoelectric conversion
electrode
conversion unit
electrolysis electrode
electrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/JP2011/058811
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
吉田　章人
正樹 加賀
俊輔 佐多
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Sharp Corp
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Sharp Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US13/698,774 priority Critical patent/US9029691B2/en
Priority to EP11783343.4A priority patent/EP2573209B1/en
Priority to CN201180024700.9A priority patent/CN102985597B/zh
Publication of WO2011145406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011145406A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
    • C01B13/0207—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50—Processes
    • C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
    • H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
    • H10F10/17—Photovoltaic cells having only PIN junction potential barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S136/00—Batteries: thermoelectric and photoelectric
    • Y10S136/291—Applications
    • Y10S136/293—Circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar cell integrated gas production apparatus.
  • Patent Document 1 a thin-film solar cell and an electrocatalyst layer are formed in parallel on a transparent electrode film formed on a substrate, and the electrolyte is electrolyzed by irradiating the thin-film solar cell with light.
  • An enabling hydrogen production apparatus is disclosed.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses an electrolysis system that outputs an optimized electromotive force of a solar cell to an electrolytic cell to generate hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion unit having a light receiving surface and a back surface thereof, a first electrolysis electrode provided on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit and provided so as to be immersed in an electrolytic solution, and the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • a second electrolysis electrode provided on the back side and provided so as to be immersed in the electrolytic solution; and a switching unit.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit receives the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the electrolysis solution is electrolyzed by the electrolysis solution, and is provided so that the first gas and the second gas can be generated, respectively, and the switching unit generates the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light.
  • a solar cell integrated gas characterized by switching between a circuit to be output to an external circuit and a circuit to output an electromotive force generated by receiving light from the photoelectric converter to the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode. Providing manufacturing equipment That.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode, the first electrolysis electrode that can be immersed in the electrolytic solution In the second electrolysis electrode, the first gas and the second gas can be produced from the electrolytic solution.
  • an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first external circuit via the switching unit, and power can be supplied to the first external circuit.
  • the switching unit outputs the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light to the first external circuit, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light, and the first electrolysis electrode and Since the circuit to be output to the second electrolysis electrode can be switched, the power supply and the first gas are determined according to the amount of solar radiation applied to the photoelectric conversion unit or the power demand of the facility where the apparatus of the present invention is installed. And the production of the second gas can be switched. Thereby, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be used more efficiently.
  • the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode are provided on the back surface side of the photoelectric conversion unit, light can be incident on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit without using the electrolyte solution. It is possible to prevent absorption of incident light and scattering of incident light. As a result, the amount of light incident on the photoelectric conversion unit can be increased, and the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
  • the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode are provided on the back surface side of the photoelectric conversion unit, the light incident on the light receiving surface is reflected by the first electrolysis electrode, the second electrolysis electrode, and Are not absorbed or scattered by the first gas and the second gas respectively generated from the gas. As a result, the amount of light incident on the photoelectric conversion unit can be increased, and the light utilization efficiency can be increased.
  • the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode are provided on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit, the first gas and the second gas can be produced on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit. For this reason, wiring resistance between a photoelectric conversion part and the electrode for electrolysis can be made low, and 1st gas and 2nd gas can be manufactured efficiently.
  • the solar cell and the gas production device are integrated, a more compact device can be obtained, and the installation area can be reduced. A common part can be utilized for a solar cell and a gas manufacturing apparatus, and manufacturing cost can be lowered.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus taken along a dotted line AA in FIG. It is a schematic back view of the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus along dotted line BB in FIG. 1.
  • It is a schematic sectional drawing of the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is for a first electrolysis that is provided on a back surface side of a photoelectric conversion unit having a light receiving surface and a back surface thereof, and that can be immersed in an electrolytic solution.
  • the electrolysis solution is electrolyzed by the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light, and the first gas and the second gas can be generated by electrolysis.
  • the switching unit is received by the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus is an apparatus having a function of a solar cell and a function of a gas production apparatus.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention it is preferable that one of the first gas and the second gas is hydrogen and the other is oxygen. According to such a configuration, hydrogen and oxygen can be produced from the electrolytic solution in the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus further includes an insulating part provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion part, and the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode are provided on the insulating part, And it is preferable to electrically connect with the said switching part, respectively.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first external circuit via the switching unit, and the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output. It can output to the electrode for 1st electrolysis or the electrode for 2nd electrolysis. Further, when an electromotive force is output to the first external circuit or the first and second electrolysis electrodes, it is possible to prevent a leakage current from flowing.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus further includes an insulating part provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion part, and the second electrolysis electrode is provided on the insulating part, and the switching part and It is preferable that the first electrode for electrolysis is provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit and is electrically connected to the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit. According to such a configuration, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first external circuit via the switching unit, and the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output. It can output to the electrode for 1st electrolysis or the electrode for 2nd electrolysis.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention further includes a first electrode provided on a light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and an insulating unit provided on a back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and a second electrolysis.
  • the electrode for use is provided on the insulating part and electrically connected to the first electrode
  • the first electrode for electrolysis is provided on the insulating part and electrically connected to the switching part. It is preferable.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first external circuit via the switching unit, and the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output. It can output to the electrode for 1st electrolysis or the electrode for 2nd electrolysis. Further, when an electromotive force is output to the first external circuit or the first and second electrolysis electrodes, it is possible to prevent a leakage current from flowing.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention further includes a first electrode provided on a light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and an insulating unit provided on a back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, and a second electrolysis.
  • the electrode for use is provided on the insulating part and is electrically connected to the first electrode
  • the electrode for first electrolysis is provided on the back face of the photoelectric conversion part
  • the back face of the photoelectric conversion part It is preferable to be electrically connected. According to such a configuration, an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first electrolysis electrode or the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light does not reach the electrolytic voltage of the electrolytic solution, the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light is output to the first external circuit via the switching unit. can do.
  • the first conductive portion is provided in a contact hole that penetrates the photoelectric conversion portion. According to such a configuration, the second electrolysis electrode and the first electrode can be electrically connected, and the second electrolysis electrode and the first electrode can be set to substantially the same potential.
  • the insulating portion is provided so as to cover a side surface of the photoelectric conversion portion, and the first conductive portion is a portion of the insulating portion that covers the side surface of the photoelectric conversion portion.
  • the insulating portion is provided so as to cover a side surface of the photoelectric conversion portion, and the second electrolysis electrode is a portion that covers the side surface of the photoelectric conversion portion of the insulating portion.
  • the first electrode is provided on the first electrode and is in contact with the first electrode. According to such a configuration, an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be efficiently output to the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention further includes a first electrode provided on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit and a second electrode provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit, The electrode and the second electrode are preferably electrically connected to the switching unit. According to such a configuration, an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be output to the first external circuit or the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit receives a light to generate a potential difference between the first and second areas on the back surface, and the first area is electrically connected to the first electrolysis electrode. It is preferable that the second area is electrically connected to the second electrolysis electrode.
  • the photoelectric conversion part is made of at least one semiconductor material having an n-type semiconductor part and a p-type semiconductor part, and one of the first and second areas is the n It is preferable that the other part is a part of the p-type semiconductor part. According to such a configuration, a potential difference can be generated between the first and second areas on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • a first electrolysis electrode and a second electrolysis electrode are electrically connected to the n-type semiconductor portion or the p-type semiconductor portion via first and second areas where the insulating portion is not provided, respectively. It is preferable to connect to. According to such a configuration, electrons and holes formed by receiving light by the photoelectric conversion unit can be efficiently separated, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further increased.
  • the first zone and the second zone are electrically connected to the switching unit.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus may further include a second conductive portion provided between the insulating portion and the first electrolysis electrode or between the insulating portion and the second electrolysis electrode. preferable. According to such a configuration, the internal resistance generated in the first electrolysis electrode or the second electrolysis electrode can be further reduced.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus further includes a translucent substrate, and the photoelectric conversion unit is provided on the translucent substrate such that the light receiving surface is on the translucent substrate side. Is preferred. According to such a structure, since a photoelectric conversion part can be formed on a translucent board
  • a back substrate is further provided on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit, and the second electrolysis electrode is provided on the back substrate and is electrically connected to the switching unit.
  • the first electrode for electrolysis is provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit and is electrically connected to the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of the present invention it is preferable to further include an electrolytic solution chamber capable of storing an electrolytic solution in which the first electrolytic electrode or the second electrolytic electrode is immersed. According to such a configuration, the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode can be immersed in the electrolytic solution.
  • a back substrate is provided, and the electrolyte chamber is provided between the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit and the back substrate.
  • an electrolytic solution chamber capable of storing an electrolytic solution in which the first electrolytic electrode or the second electrolytic electrode is immersed can be easily provided.
  • an electrolyte chamber capable of storing an electrolyte solution immersed in a first electrolysis electrode, and an electrolyte chamber capable of storing an electrolyte solution immersed in a second electrolysis electrode
  • the partition preferably includes an ion exchanger.
  • the ion concentration between the electrolyte introduced into the electrolyte chamber above the first electrolysis electrode and the electrolyte introduced into the electrolyte chamber above the second electrolysis electrode is increased.
  • the imbalance can be eliminated, and the first gas and the second gas can be generated stably.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit has a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor layer, an i-type semiconductor layer, and an n-type semiconductor layer.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit can have a pin structure, and photoelectric conversion can be performed efficiently.
  • the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit can be increased, and the electrolytic solution can be electrolyzed more efficiently.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers connected in series, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion layers generate an electromotive force generated by receiving light in the first electrolysis electrode. And it is preferable to supply to the electrode for 2nd electrolysis. According to such a configuration, the potential difference generated when the photoelectric conversion unit receives light can be further increased, and the first gas and the second gas can be generated efficiently.
  • each photoelectric conversion layer is preferably connected in series by a third conductive portion. According to such a configuration, the photoelectric conversion layers arranged in parallel can be connected in series.
  • the third conductive portion includes a translucent electrode provided on the light receiving surface side of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a back electrode provided on the back surface side of the photoelectric conversion layer. It is preferable to contain. According to such a configuration, the photoelectric conversion layers arranged in parallel can be connected in series.
  • one of the first electrolysis electrode and the second electrolysis electrode is a hydrogen generation unit that generates H 2 from the electrolytic solution, and the other is the O 2 from the electrolytic solution.
  • 2 is an oxygen generating unit for generating the hydrogen generation part and the oxygen generation unit preferably includes a reaction catalyst O 2 from the catalyst and the electrolyte reactions H 2 is generated from each of the electrolytic solution occurs .
  • the hydrogen used as a fuel of a fuel cell can be manufactured with the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus of this invention.
  • the rate at which the electrolysis reaction of the electrolytic solution proceeds can be increased by including each catalyst.
  • the produced hydrogen can be used as a heat source in addition to the fuel for the fuel cell.
  • At least one of the hydrogen generation unit and the oxygen generation unit is formed of a porous conductor carrying a catalyst.
  • the surface area of at least one of the hydrogen generation part and the oxygen generation part can be increased, and oxygen or hydrogen can be generated more efficiently.
  • a change in potential due to a current flowing between the photoelectric conversion unit and the catalyst can be suppressed, and hydrogen or oxygen can be generated more efficiently.
  • the switching unit can be electrically connected to the second external circuit, and the electromotive force input from the second external circuit is converted to the first electrolysis electrode and It is preferable that the circuit can be switched to a circuit that outputs to the second electrolysis electrode and generates a first gas and a second gas from the electrolyte.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing device of the present invention and a device that generates an electromotive force such as a solar cell panel are installed side by side, the first gas and the first gas are generated using the electromotive force generated by the device. Two gases can be produced.
  • the switching unit further includes a switching selection unit that selects a circuit to be switched and outputs a selection result to the switching unit, and the switching unit is configured to input the switching selection unit. It is preferable to switch the circuit based on the result of selection. According to such a configuration, the power supply and the first gas according to the status of the device such as the amount of solar radiation irradiated to the photoelectric conversion unit and the demand status such as the power demand of the facility where the device of the present invention is installed. And the production of the second gas can be switched.
  • the switching selection unit is configured such that the switching unit is based on at least one of prediction of the amount of solar radiation irradiated to the device, precipitation probability, date and time, temperature, and power demand prediction. It is preferable to select a circuit to be switched. According to such a configuration, based on at least one of the prediction of the amount of solar radiation irradiated to the device, the probability of precipitation, the date and time, the temperature, and the power demand prediction, the first by the solar cell integrated gas production device of the present invention. The supply of electrodes to the external circuit and the production of the first gas and the second gas can be switched. Thereby, the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit can be effectively utilized without waste.
  • an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The configurations shown in the drawings and the following description are merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to those shown in the drawings and the following description.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 of this embodiment is provided on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 having the light receiving surface and the back surface thereof, and electrolysis.
  • a first electrolysis electrode 8 provided so as to be immersed in the liquid
  • a second electrolysis electrode 7 provided on the back side of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and provided so as to be immersed in the electrolytic solution
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 are capable of electrolyzing the electrolytic solution by electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving light to generate the first gas and the second gas, respectively.
  • the switching unit 10 includes a circuit that outputs an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light to the first external circuit, and an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of the present embodiment includes a translucent substrate 1, a second electrode 5, a first conductive portion 9, an insulating portion 11, a partition wall 13, a back substrate 14, an electrolyte chamber 15, and a seal. You may further have the material 16 and the switch selection part 21.
  • FIG. Hereinafter, the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment will be described.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment may have a cross section as shown in FIG. 2, and has a cross section as shown in FIG. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12. You may have. 5 to 8 correspond to the cross-sectional view taken along the dotted line AA in FIG. 9 to 12 correspond to the cross-sectional view taken along the dotted line AA in FIG. 1, but the positions of the partition walls 13 and the like are different.
  • substrate 1 The translucent board
  • a material of the translucent substrate 1 for example, a transparent rigid material such as soda glass, quartz glass, Pyrex (registered trademark), or a synthetic quartz plate, or a transparent resin plate or a film material is preferably used. In view of chemical and physical stability, it is preferable to use a glass substrate.
  • RIE reactive ion etching
  • the 1st electrode 4 can be provided on the translucent board
  • the first electrode 4 can be electrically connected to the switching unit 10. Further, the first electrode 4 may be electrically connected to the second electrolysis electrode 7 through the first conductive portion 9 as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 9, and the second electrolysis electrode as shown in FIG. 8. It may be in direct contact with the electrode 7. Moreover, the 1st electrode 4 may have translucency. Moreover, when the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12, the first electrode 4 can be omitted.
  • the first electrode 4 By providing the first electrode 4, the current flowing between the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the switching unit 10 can be increased. Moreover, when the 1st electrode 4 is electrically connected with the electrode 7 for 2nd electrolysis via the 1st electroconductive part 9 like FIG.6,7,9, the electromotive force which generate
  • the first electrode 4 may be made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO or SnO 2, or may be made of a metal finger electrode such as Ag or Au. Moreover, the electrode which combined the transparent conductive film and the metal finger electrode may be sufficient.
  • the transparent conductive film is used to facilitate contact between the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the switching unit 10 or the like. What is generally used as a transparent electrode can be used. Specifically, In—Zn—O (IZO), In—Sn—O (ITO), ZnO—Al, Zn—Sn—O, SnO 2 and the like can be given.
  • the transparent conductive film preferably has a sunlight transmittance of 85% or more, particularly 90% or more, and particularly 92% or more. This is because the photoelectric conversion unit 2 can absorb light efficiently.
  • a known method can be used, and examples thereof include sputtering, vacuum deposition, sol-gel method, cluster beam deposition method, and PLD (Pulse Laser Deposition) method.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 can be provided on the translucent substrate 1 and generates a potential difference by receiving light.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 may have a potential difference between the light receiving surface and the back surface thereof as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 to 10, and the first and second areas on the back surface as shown in FIGS. A potential difference may be generated between the two.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 is, for example, a photoelectric conversion unit using a silicon-based semiconductor, a photoelectric conversion unit using a compound semiconductor, a photoelectric conversion unit using a dye sensitizer, or a photoelectric conversion unit using an organic thin film.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 When the light receiving surface and the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 are electrically connected to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 via the switching unit 10, the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives the first light by receiving light.
  • produce 1st gas and 2nd gas needs to arise, respectively.
  • the first gas and the second gas are hydrogen and oxygen
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 decomposes water contained in the electrolytic solution in the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, it is necessary to generate an electromotive force necessary for this.
  • the potential difference between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 needs to be larger than the theoretical voltage (1.23 V) for water decomposition, and for this purpose, a sufficiently large potential difference needs to be generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • the photoelectric conversion part 2 connects two or more junctions (photoelectric conversion layer 28) which generate electromotive force, such as a pn junction, in series.
  • the method of connecting the photoelectric conversion layers 28 in series is not particularly limited, but the photoelectric conversion layers 28 may be stacked and connected in series, and the photoelectric conversion layers 28 provided in parallel as shown in FIGS. You may connect in series by the electroconductive part 33.
  • the third conductive portion 33 may include a translucent electrode 30 and a back electrode 31 as shown in FIG.
  • Examples of materials that perform photoelectric conversion include silicon-based semiconductors, compound semiconductors, and materials based on organic materials, and any photoelectric conversion material can be used. In order to increase the electromotive force, these photoelectric conversion materials can be stacked. In the case of stacking, it is possible to form a multi-junction structure with the same material, but stacking multiple photoelectric conversion layers with different optical band gaps and complementing the low sensitivity wavelength region of each photoelectric conversion layer mutually By doing so, incident light can be efficiently absorbed over a wide wavelength region.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 may be a combination of these.
  • Photoelectric conversion part using a silicon-based semiconductor examples include a single crystal type, a polycrystalline type, an amorphous type, a spherical silicon type, and combinations thereof. Any of them can have a pn junction in which a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are joined. Further, a pin junction in which an i-type semiconductor is provided between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor may be provided. Further, it may have a plurality of pn junctions, a plurality of pin junctions, or a pn junction and a pin junction.
  • the silicon-based semiconductor is a semiconductor containing silicon, such as silicon, silicon carbide, or silicon germanium.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 using a silicon-based semiconductor may be a thin film or a thick photoelectric conversion layer formed on the substrate 1, and a pn junction or a pin junction is formed on a wafer such as a silicon wafer.
  • a thin film photoelectric conversion layer may be formed on a wafer on which a pn junction or a pin junction is formed.
  • a first conductivity type semiconductor layer is formed on the first electrode 4 laminated on the translucent substrate 1 by a method such as a plasma CVD method.
  • a method such as a plasma CVD method.
  • As the first conductive type semiconductor layer a p + type or n + type amorphous Si thin film doped with a conductivity type determining impurity atom concentration of about 1 ⁇ 10 18 to 5 ⁇ 10 21 / cm 3 , A crystalline or microcrystalline Si thin film is used.
  • the material of the first conductivity type semiconductor layer is not limited to Si, and it is also possible to use a compound such as SiC, SiGe, or Si x O 1-x .
  • a polycrystalline or microcrystalline crystalline Si thin film is formed as a crystalline Si photoactive layer by a method such as plasma CVD.
  • the conductivity type is the first conductivity type having a lower doping concentration than the first conductivity type semiconductor, or the i conductivity type.
  • the material for the crystalline Si-based photoactive layer is not limited to Si, and it is also possible to use a compound such as SiC, SiGe, or Si x O 1-x .
  • a second conductivity type semiconductor layer having a conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type semiconductor layer is formed by a method such as plasma CVD.
  • a method such as plasma CVD.
  • the material of the second conductivity type semiconductor layer is not limited to Si, and it is also possible to use a compound such as SiC, SiGe, or Si x O 1-x .
  • the second photoelectric conversion layer is composed of a first conductivity type semiconductor layer, a crystalline Si-based photoactive layer, and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer, each layer corresponding to the first photoelectric conversion layer.
  • the first conductive type semiconductor layer, the crystalline Si-based photoactive layer, and the second conductive type semiconductor layer are formed.
  • the volume crystallization fraction of the crystalline Si photoactive layer of the second photoelectric conversion layer is preferably higher than that of the first crystalline Si photoactive layer.
  • the volume crystallization fraction as compared with the lower layer. This increases the absorption in the long wavelength region, shifts the spectral sensitivity to the long wavelength side, and can improve the sensitivity in a wide wavelength region even when the photoactive layer is configured using the same Si material. It is because it becomes. That is, by using a tandem structure with Si having different crystallization rates, the spectral sensitivity is widened, and light can be used with high efficiency. At this time, if the low crystallization rate material is not on the light receiving surface side, high efficiency cannot be achieved. Further, when the crystallization rate is lowered to 40% or less, the amorphous component increases and deterioration occurs.
  • the photoelectric conversion unit 2 using a compound semiconductor includes, for example, GaP, GaAs, InP, InAs, and II-VI group elements composed of III-V group elements. And a pn junction formed using CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium DiSelenide) composed of I-III-VI group.
  • CIGS Copper Indium Gallium DiSelenide
  • An example of a manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 using a compound semiconductor is shown below.
  • MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
  • group III element material for example, an organic metal such as trimethylgallium, trimethylaluminum, or trimethylindium is supplied to the growth apparatus using hydrogen as a carrier gas.
  • a gas such as arsine (AsH 3 ), phosphine (PH 3 ), and stibine (SbH 3 ) is used as the material of the group V element.
  • Examples of p-type or n-type impurity dopants include diethyl zinc for p-type conversion, monosilane (SiH 4 ), disilane (Si 2 H 6 ), and hydrogen selenide (H 2 Se) for n-type conversion. Etc. are used. These source gases can be thermally decomposed by supplying them onto a substrate heated to, for example, 700 ° C., and a desired compound semiconductor material film can be epitaxially grown. The composition of these growth layers can be controlled by the gas composition to be introduced, and the film thickness can be controlled by the gas introduction time. When multi-junction laminating these photoelectric conversion parts, it is possible to form a growth layer with excellent crystallinity by adjusting the lattice constant between layers as much as possible, and to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Become.
  • a known window layer on the light receiving surface side or a known electric field layer on the non-light receiving surface side may be provided to improve carrier collection efficiency.
  • a buffer layer for preventing diffusion of impurities may be provided.
  • the photoelectric conversion part using a dye sensitizer is mainly composed of, for example, a porous semiconductor, a dye sensitizer, an electrolyte, a solvent, and the like.
  • a material constituting the porous semiconductor for example, one or more kinds of known semiconductors such as titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide can be selected.
  • a paste containing semiconductor particles is applied by a screen printing method, an ink jet method and the like, dried or baked, a method of forming a film by a CVD method using a raw material gas, etc. , PVD method, vapor deposition method, sputtering method, sol-gel method, method using electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction, and the like.
  • the dye sensitizer adsorbed on the porous semiconductor various dyes having absorption in the visible light region and the infrared light region can be used.
  • the carboxylic acid group, carboxylic anhydride group, alkoxy group, sulfonic acid group, hydroxyl group, hydroxylalkyl group, ester group, mercapto group, phosphonyl in the dye molecule It is preferable that a group or the like is present.
  • These functional groups provide an electrical bond that facilitates electron transfer between the excited state dye and the conduction band of the porous semiconductor.
  • dyes containing these functional groups include ruthenium bipyridine dyes, quinone dyes, quinone imine dyes, azo dyes, quinacridone dyes, squarylium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, and triphenylmethane dyes.
  • ruthenium bipyridine dyes quinone dyes, quinone imine dyes, azo dyes, quinacridone dyes, squarylium dyes, cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, and triphenylmethane dyes.
  • Xanthene dyes porphyrin dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, berylene dyes, indigo dyes, naphthalocyanine dyes, and the like.
  • Examples of the method of adsorbing the dye to the porous semiconductor include a method of immersing the porous semiconductor in a solution in which the dye is dissolved (dye adsorption solution).
  • the solvent used in the dye adsorption solution is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the dye, and specifically, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, ketones such as acetone, ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
  • Nitrogen compounds such as acetonitrile, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, esters such as ethyl acetate, water, and the like.
  • the electrolyte is composed of a redox pair and a solid medium such as a liquid or polymer gel holding the redox pair.
  • a redox pair iron- and cobalt-based metals and halogen substances such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine are preferably used as the redox pair, and metal iodides such as lithium iodide, sodium iodide, and potassium iodide and iodine are used.
  • the combination of is preferably used.
  • imidazole salts such as dimethylpropylimidazole iodide can also be mixed.
  • carbonate compounds such as propylene carbonate, nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, water, aprotic polar substances, and the like are used. Of these, carbonate compounds and nitrile compounds are preferred. Used.
  • a photoelectric conversion part using an organic thin film comprises an electron hole transport layer composed of an organic semiconductor material having electron donating properties and electron accepting properties, or an electron transport layer having electron accepting properties. It may be a laminate of a hole transport layer having an electron donating property.
  • the electron-donating organic semiconductor material is not particularly limited as long as it has a function as an electron donor, but it is preferable that a film can be formed by a coating method, and among them, an electron-donating conductive polymer is preferably used.
  • the conductive polymer refers to a ⁇ -conjugated polymer, which is composed of a ⁇ -conjugated system in which double bonds or triple bonds containing carbon-carbon or hetero atoms are alternately connected to single bonds, and exhibits semiconducting properties. Point.
  • Examples of the electron-donating conductive polymer material include polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polythiophene, polycarbazole, polyvinyl carbazole, polysilane, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyfluorene, polyvinyl pyrene, polyvinyl anthracene, and derivatives, Examples thereof include a polymer, a phthalocyanine-containing polymer, a carbazole-containing polymer, and an organometallic polymer.
  • thiophene-fluorene copolymer polyalkylthiophene, phenylene ethynylene-phenylene vinylene copolymer, fluorene-phenylene vinylene copolymer, thiophene-phenylene vinylene copolymer and the like are preferably used.
  • the electron-accepting organic semiconductor material is not particularly limited as long as it has a function as an electron acceptor. However, it is preferable that a film can be formed by a coating method, and among them, an electron-donating conductive polymer is preferably used.
  • the electron-accepting conductive polymer include polyphenylene vinylene, polyfluorene, and derivatives and copolymers thereof, or carbon nanotubes, fullerene and derivatives thereof, CN group or CF 3 group-containing polymers, and —CF Examples thereof include 3- substituted polymers.
  • an electron-accepting organic semiconductor material doped with an electron-donating compound an electron-donating organic semiconductor material doped with an electron-accepting compound, or the like can be used.
  • the electron-accepting conductive polymer material doped with the electron-donating compound include the above-described electron-accepting conductive polymer material.
  • a Lewis base such as an alkali metal such as Li, K, Ca, or Cs or an alkaline earth metal can be used. The Lewis base acts as an electron donor.
  • the electron-donating conductive polymer material doped with the electron-accepting compound include the above-described electron-donating conductive polymer material.
  • a Lewis acid such as FeCl 3 , AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , AsF 6 or a halogen compound can be used.
  • Lewis acid acts as an electron acceptor.
  • Photoelectric conversion part in which an electromotive force is generated between the first and second areas on the back side As a method of forming the photoelectric conversion part 2 in which an electromotive force is generated between the first and second areas on the back side, for example, as shown in FIGS.
  • the p-type semiconductor unit 36 and the n-type semiconductor unit 37 are formed using a semiconductor wafer as a material so that a part of the p-type semiconductor unit 36 and a part of the n-type semiconductor unit 37 are formed on the back surface of the semiconductor wafer. Forming.
  • a pn junction can be formed in the photoelectric conversion part 2.
  • the photoelectric conversion part 2 having an npp + junction can be formed.
  • the photoelectric conversion part 2 having a pnn + junction can be formed. it can.
  • the p-type semiconductor part 36 and the n-type semiconductor part 37 may be formed on the semiconductor wafer one by one as shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 36 and n-type semiconductor portions 37 may be formed on the semiconductor wafer, and one of the p-type semiconductor portion 36 and the n-type semiconductor portion 37 is formed on the semiconductor wafer, The other may be formed at two locations on both sides.
  • photoelectric conversion unit 2 In the photoelectric conversion unit 2 shown above, it is assumed that sunlight is received and photoelectric conversion is primarily performed. However, it is emitted from a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, an LED, or a specific heat source depending on the application. It is also possible to perform photoelectric conversion by irradiating artificial light such as light.
  • the second electrode 5 can be provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and can be electrically connected to the switching unit 10.
  • the second electrode 5 can be electrically connected to the first electrolysis electrode 8 as shown in FIGS.
  • the second electrode 5 is the same as the second electrode 5 when the first electrolysis electrode 8 is provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 as shown in FIGS. Therefore, the second electrode 5 can be omitted.
  • the current between the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the switching unit 10 can be increased.
  • the second electrode 5 is electrically connected to the first electrolysis electrode 8 as shown in FIGS.
  • the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2 is efficiently transferred to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the first electrolysis electrode 8. 2 to the electrode 7 for electrolysis.
  • the 2nd electrode 5 has electroconductivity
  • it is a metal thin film, for example, is thin films, such as Al, Ag, Au. These can be formed by, for example, sputtering.
  • a transparent conductive film such as In—Zn—O (IZO), In—Sn—O (ITO), ZnO—Al, Zn—Sn—O, and SnO 2 is used.
  • Insulating part 11 can be provided between the second electrode 5 and the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 as shown in FIGS.
  • the insulating portion 11 By providing the insulating portion 11, it is possible to prevent the second electrode 5, the first electrolysis electrode 8, and the second electrolysis electrode 7 from being electrically connected without passing through the switching portion 10. This prevents leakage current from flowing through the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 when the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving light is output to the first external circuit. it can. Further, the insulating portion 11 can be provided between the second electrode 5 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 as shown in FIGS.
  • the insulating part 11 may be provided between the photoelectric conversion layer 28 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 connected in series as shown in FIG. 9, and the first electrolysis electrode 8 as shown in FIGS. And the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 other than the portion where the first section is electrically connected and the portion where the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the second section are electrically connected; You may provide between the photoelectric conversion parts 2.
  • FIG. Moreover, the insulation part 11 can be formed so that the side surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2 may be covered like FIG.
  • the second electrolysis electrode 7 or the first conductive part 9 can be formed on the insulating part 11 covering the side surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2, and the second electrolysis electrode 7 or the first conductive part 9 can be formed. Even if it is provided so as to be in contact with the first electrode 4, it is possible to prevent leakage current from being generated.
  • the insulating part 11 can be used regardless of an organic material or an inorganic material.
  • organic polymers and inorganic materials include metal oxides such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 such as porous silica films, fluorine-added silicon oxide films (FSG), SiOC, HSQ (Hydrogen Silsesquioxane) films, SiN x , silanol (Si (OH) 4 ) or the like can be used.
  • a film containing a paste containing an insulating material is applied by a screen printing method, an ink jet method, a spin coating method, etc., dried or baked, or a CVD method using a source gas is used. And a method using a PVD method, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a sol-gel method, and the like.
  • the first conductive part 9 can electrically connect the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the first electrode 4 as shown in FIGS.
  • the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be formed on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2, and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be electrically connected to the first electrode 4.
  • the 1st electroconductive part 9 can contact the 1st electrode 4 which contacted the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2, and the 2nd electrode 7 for electrolysis provided on the back surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2, a photoelectric conversion part If the cross-sectional area of the first conductive portion 9 parallel to the second light receiving surface is too large, the area of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion portion 2 may be reduced. Further, if the cross-sectional area of the first conductive part 9 parallel to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 is made too small, a difference occurs between the potential of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the potential of the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first conductive unit 9 parallel to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 needs to be within a certain range.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first conductive part 9 parallel to the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 (when there are a plurality of first conductive parts, the total cross-sectional area) is 100% of the area of the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 In this case, it can be 0.1% or more and 10% or less, preferably 0.5% or more and 8% or less, and more preferably 1% or more and 6% or less.
  • the first conductive part 9 may be provided in a contact hole that penetrates the photoelectric conversion part 2.
  • the reduction in the area of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 due to the provision of the first conductive unit 9 can be further reduced.
  • the electric current path between the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2 and the 2nd electrode 7 for electrolysis can be shortened, and 1st gas or 2nd gas can be generated more efficiently.
  • this makes it possible to easily adjust the cross-sectional area of the first conductive portion 9 parallel to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion portion 2.
  • the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the first electrode 4 are provided in a contact hole penetrating the photoelectric conversion unit 2 as shown in the cross-sectional view of the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS.
  • the first conductive part 9 can be electrically connected.
  • the contact hole provided with the 1st electroconductive part 9 may have one or more, and may have a circular cross section.
  • the cross-sectional area of the contact hole parallel to the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 (the sum of the cross-sectional areas when there are a plurality of contact holes) is 0 when the area of the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 is 100%.
  • the 1st electroconductive part 9 may be provided on the insulating part 11 which covers the side surface of the photoelectric conversion part 2 like FIG.
  • the material of the first conductive portion 9 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity.
  • a paste containing conductive particles for example, a carbon paste, an Ag paste or the like applied by screen printing, an inkjet method, etc., dried or baked, a method of forming a film by a CVD method using a raw material gas, a PVD method, Examples thereof include a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a sol-gel method, and a method using an electrochemical redox reaction.
  • the second conductive part 29 may be provided between the insulating part 11 and the first electrolysis electrode 8 or between the insulating part 11 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the second conductive portion 29 even when the electrical conductivity of the first electrolysis electrode 8 or the second electrolysis electrode 7 is relatively low, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion portion 2 receives light is efficiently reduced. It can output to the electrode 8 for 1 electrolysis and the electrode 7 for 2nd electrolysis.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 may be electrically connected to the switching unit 10 via the second conductive portion 29.
  • the second electrolysis electrode 7 may connect the second conductive portion 29 as shown in FIG.
  • the switching unit 10 or the first electrode 4 may be electrically connected.
  • the electrode 8 for 1st electrolysis and the electrode 7 for 2nd electrolysis are respectively The first area and the second area may be electrically connected via the second conductive portion 29.
  • the material of the second conductive portion 29 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity.
  • a paste containing conductive particles for example, a carbon paste, an Ag paste or the like applied by screen printing, an inkjet method, etc., dried or baked, a method of forming a film by a CVD method using a raw material gas, a PVD method, Examples thereof include a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a sol-gel method, and a method using an electrochemical redox reaction.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 are provided on the back surface side of the photoelectric conversion unit 2. Thus, the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 do not block light incident on the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be electrically connected to the switching unit 10.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of the present embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIG. 2 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 13, the first electrode 4 and the second electrode via the switching unit 10.
  • the electrode 5 can be electrically connected to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be electrically connected to the light receiving surface or the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 via the switching unit 10.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • one of the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the switching unit 10 can be electrically joined.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIGS. 5 and 10 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 14, or the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing of this embodiment.
  • the device 25 has a cross section as shown in FIG. 6 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 15, the light receiving surface and back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2, the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 Can be electrically connected.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the second electrode 5 can be omitted and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 17 can be provided.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be electrically connected to the second electrode 5 and the first electrode 4, respectively.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of the present embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 16, the light receiving surface and the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be electrically connected.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 has a cross section as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12
  • the first electrode shown in FIG. 16 is provided between the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • the second conductive portion 29 is an electric circuit having the second electrode shown in FIG. 16 as the second conductive portion 29 provided between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the photoelectric conversion portion 2. Also good.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 are provided so as to be immersed in the electrolytic solution.
  • the electrolysis reaction of electrolyte solution can be advanced on the surface of the electrode 8 for 1st electrolysis and the electrode 7 for 2nd electrolysis, and 1st gas and 2nd gas can be generated.
  • One of the first gas and the second gas can be hydrogen and the other can be oxygen.
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be provided so as not to contact each other. As a result, it is possible to prevent leakage current from flowing between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • One of the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 may be a hydrogen generation unit that generates H 2 from the electrolytic solution, and the other is an oxygen generation unit that generates O 2 from the electrolytic solution. It may be.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus of the present embodiment can decompose water contained in the electrolyte and produce hydrogen and oxygen as fuel for the fuel cell.
  • the hydrogen generating part is a part that generates H 2 from the electrolytic solution, and can be one of the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the hydrogen generation unit may include a catalyst for a reaction in which H 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution. Thereby, the reaction rate of the reaction in which H 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution can be increased.
  • the hydrogen generation part may consist only of a catalyst for the reaction in which H 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution, or this catalyst may be supported on a support. Further, the hydrogen generation unit may have a catalyst surface area larger than the area of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2. Thereby, the reaction in which H 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution can be set to a faster reaction rate.
  • the hydrogen generation part may be a porous conductor carrying a catalyst. This can increase the catalyst surface area. In addition, a change in potential due to a current flowing between the light receiving surface or the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the catalyst included in the hydrogen generation unit can be suppressed. Furthermore, the hydrogen generation unit may include at least one of Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Rh, Au, Fe, Ni, and Se as a hydrogen generation catalyst.
  • the catalyst for the reaction of generating H 2 from the electrolyte is a catalyst that promotes the conversion of two protons and two electrons into one molecule of hydrogen, is chemically stable, and generates hydrogen overvoltage.
  • platinum group metals such as Pt, Ir, Ru, Pd, Rh, and Au, which have catalytic activity for hydrogen, and alloys or compounds thereof, Fe, Ni, and Se that constitute the active center of hydrogenase that is a hydrogen-producing enzyme.
  • An alloy or a compound, a combination thereof, or the like can be preferably used.
  • a nanostructure containing Pt and Pt has a small hydrogen generation overvoltage and can be suitably used.
  • Materials such as CdS, CdSe, ZnS, and ZrO 2 whose hydrogen generation reaction is confirmed by light irradiation can also be used.
  • a hydrogen generating catalyst can be supported on a conductor.
  • the conductor carrying the catalyst include metal materials, carbonaceous materials, and conductive inorganic materials.
  • the metal material a material having electronic conductivity and resistance to corrosion in an acidic atmosphere is preferable.
  • noble metals such as Au, Pt, Pd, metals such as Ti, Ta, W, Nb, Ni, Al, Cr, Ag, Cu, Zn, Su, Si, and nitrides and carbides of these metals
  • the alloy include stainless steel, Cu—Cr, Ni—Cr, and Ti—Pt.
  • the metal material contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ti, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and W from the viewpoint that there are few other chemical side reactions. These metal materials have a relatively small electric resistance, and can suppress a decrease in voltage even when a current is extracted in the surface direction.
  • a metal surface having poor corrosion resistance may be coated with a conductive polymer, a conductive nitride, a conductive carbide, a conductive oxide, or the like.
  • the carbonaceous material a chemically stable and conductive material is preferable.
  • examples thereof include carbon powders and carbon fibers such as acetylene black, vulcan, ketjen black, furnace black, VGCF, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, and fullerene.
  • Examples of the inorganic material having conductivity include In—Zn—O (IZO), In—Sn—O (ITO), ZnO—Al, Zn—Sn—O, SnO 2 , and antimony oxide-doped tin oxide. .
  • examples of the conductive polymer include polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyparaphenylene, polyparaphenylene vinylene, and the like
  • examples of the conductive nitride include carbon nitride, silicon nitride, gallium nitride, indium nitride, and nitride. Germanium, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, thallium nitride, etc.
  • conductive carbides include tantalum carbide, silicon carbide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, iron carbide, nickel carbide, hafnium carbide, tungsten carbide. , Vanadium carbide, chromium carbide, and the like.
  • conductive oxide include tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), and antimony oxide-doped tin oxide.
  • the structure of the conductor supporting the hydrogen generation catalyst includes a plate shape, a foil shape, a rod shape, a mesh shape, a lath plate shape, a porous plate shape, a porous rod shape, a woven fabric shape, a nonwoven fabric shape, a fiber shape, and a felt shape. It can be used suitably. Further, a grooved conductor in which the surface of the felt-like electrode is pressure-bonded in a groove shape is preferable because the electric resistance and the flow resistance of the electrode liquid can be reduced.
  • the oxygen generating portion is a portion that generates O 2 from the electrolytic solution, and can be one of the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the oxygen generation unit may include a catalyst for a reaction in which O 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution. Thereby, the reaction rate of the reaction in which O 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution can be increased.
  • the oxygen generation part may consist only of a catalyst for the reaction that generates O 2 from the electrolytic solution, or the catalyst may be supported on a carrier.
  • the oxygen generation unit may have a catalyst surface area larger than the area of the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2. Thereby, the reaction in which O 2 is generated from the electrolytic solution can be set to a faster reaction rate.
  • the oxygen generation part may be a porous conductor carrying a catalyst. This can increase the catalyst surface area. In addition, a change in potential due to a current flowing between the light receiving surface or the back surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 and the catalyst included in the oxygen generation unit can be suppressed. Furthermore, the oxygen generation unit may include at least one of Mn, Ca, Zn, Co, and Ir as an oxygen generation catalyst.
  • the catalyst for the reaction of generating O 2 from the electrolyte is a catalyst that promotes the conversion of two water molecules into one molecule of oxygen, four protons, and four electrons, and is chemically stable.
  • a material having a small oxygen generation overvoltage can be used.
  • oxides or compounds containing Mn, Ca, Zn, Co, which are active centers of Photosystem II, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of generating oxygen from water using light and platinum such as Pt, RuO 2 , IrO 2
  • compounds containing group metals, oxides or compounds containing transition metals such as Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, W, Ce, Fe, Ni, and combinations of the above materials.
  • iridium oxide, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, and cobalt phosphate can be suitably used because they have low overvoltage and high oxygen generation efficiency.
  • an oxygen generating catalyst can be supported on the conductor.
  • the conductor carrying the oxygen generating catalyst include metal materials, carbonaceous materials, and conductive inorganic materials.
  • a promoter When the catalytic activity of the hydrogen generating catalyst and the oxygen generating catalyst alone is small, a promoter can be used. Examples thereof include oxides or compounds of Ni, Cr, Rh, Mo, Co, and Se.
  • the method for supporting the hydrogen generating catalyst and the oxygen generating catalyst can be applied directly to a conductor or semiconductor, PVD methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, and ion plating, dry coating methods such as CVD,
  • the method can be appropriately changed depending on the material such as an analysis method.
  • the reaction surface area is increased by supporting it on porous materials such as metals and carbon, fibrous materials, nanoparticles, etc., and the hydrogen and oxygen generation rates are improved. It is possible to make it.
  • the switching unit 10 includes a circuit that outputs an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light to the first external circuit, and an electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light. It is possible to switch between circuits that output to the second electrolysis electrode 7 and generate the first gas and the second gas from the electrolyte, respectively. As a result, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be supplied as power to the first external circuit, and the first gas and the second gas are generated using the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light. A gas can be produced.
  • a method for electrically connecting the switching unit 10 to the first external circuit is not particularly limited.
  • the switching unit 10 includes the output terminal 22 and is electrically connected to the first external circuit via the output terminal 22. May be.
  • the switching unit 10 can be electrically connected to the second external circuit, and outputs an electromotive force input from the second external circuit to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. It can switch to the circuit which produces
  • the first gas and the second gas can be produced from the electrolyte using the electromotive force input from the second external circuit.
  • the method of electrically connecting the switching unit 10 to the second external circuit is not particularly limited.
  • the switching unit 10 includes the input terminal 23 and is electrically connected to the second external circuit via the input terminal 23. Also good.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIG. 2 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 13, for example, SW (switch) 1 and SW2 are in an ON state.
  • SW switch
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first external circuit.
  • SW1, SW2, SW5, and SW6 are in the OFF state and SW3 and SW4 are in the ON state, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light is used as the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode. 7 can be output.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of the present embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIGS. 5 and 10 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 14 or an electric circuit as shown in FIG.
  • the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first external circuit.
  • the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving light is applied to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. Can be output.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of this embodiment has a cross section as shown in FIG. 6 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 15, for example, SW1 and SW2 are in an ON state, and SW3 and SW4 When is in the OFF state, the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light can be output to the first external circuit. Further, when SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW5 are in the OFF state and SW4 is in the ON state, the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving light is applied to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. Can be output.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25 of the present embodiment has cross sections as shown in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 and an electric circuit as shown in FIG. 16, for example, SW1 and SW2 are in an ON state. , SW3, SW4 are in the OFF state, and when the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light does not reach the electrolytic voltage of the electrolyte, the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving the light is first 1 It is possible to output to an external circuit.
  • SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 are in the OFF state, and the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit receiving light reaches the electrolytic voltage of the electrolytic solution, the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives the light.
  • the electromotive force can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. Therefore, even when the electric circuit as shown in FIG. 16 is provided, the switching unit 10 causes the photoelectric conversion unit 2 to receive the electromotive force generated by the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receiving light and the photoelectric conversion unit 2 to receive light. It is possible to switch between the circuit that outputs the electromotive force generated by the above to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • SW3 and SW4 are in the ON state and SW1 and SW2 are in the OFF state, the electromotive force input from the second external circuit or the electromotive force input from the second external circuit and the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receive light.
  • both the electromotive forces generated by this can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the first electrode shown in FIG. 16 is connected to the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • the second conductive portion 29 provided between them, and the second electrode shown in FIG. 16 as the second conductive portion 29 provided between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the photoelectric conversion portion 2 is included. Can do.
  • the switching unit 10 can input the result selected by the switching selection unit 21 and can switch circuits based on the input selection result. Thereby, the switching unit 10 can switch to the circuit selected by the switching selection unit 21.
  • the switching unit 10 can also switch circuits based on the magnitude of the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light. As a result, when the electric power output to the first external circuit is generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2, the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2 can be output to the first external circuit and output to the first external circuit. When the power to be generated is not generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2, the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2 can be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the switching unit 10 can also switch the circuit based on the magnitude of the electromotive force of the second external circuit. Therefore, when the electric power supplied from the second external circuit is larger than the electric demand, the first gas and the second gas can be produced using the electric power supplied from the second external circuit.
  • the switching selection unit 21 can select a circuit to be switched by the switching unit 10 and output the selected result to the switching unit 10. As a result, a signal for switching the circuit of the switching unit 10 according to the situation can be output. Further, the switching selection unit 21 selects a circuit to be switched by the switching unit 10 based on at least one of prediction of the amount of solar radiation irradiated to the solar cell integrated gas production device 25, the probability of precipitation, date and time, temperature, and power demand prediction. can do. The switching selection unit 21 can select a circuit to be switched by the switching unit 10 based on the magnitude of the electromotive force generated when the photoelectric conversion unit 2 receives light or the magnitude of the electromotive force of the second external circuit. As a result, the circuit to be switched by the switching unit 10 can be selected so as to be most suitable for the situation at that time.
  • the switch selection unit 21 selects a circuit that outputs the electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2 to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7, so that the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 performs electrolysis.
  • the liquid can be decomposed to produce hydrogen and the like.
  • the switching selection unit 21 when the heat demand of a facility where the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 is installed is large due to low temperature or a large amount of hot water used, the switching selection unit 21 generates an electromotive force generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 2.
  • a circuit to be output to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be selected.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 can decompose the electrolyte solution to produce hydrogen and the like, and heat can be used in the facility using a heat source using hydrogen or the like as fuel.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 when the power demand of the facility where the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 is installed is small, the electromotive force generated by the switching selection unit 21 in the photoelectric conversion unit 2 is applied to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. A circuit to output can be selected.
  • the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 can decompose the electrolyte solution to produce hydrogen or the like, and can store energy as hydrogen or the like.
  • the switching selection unit 21 receives, for example, a signal transmitted from a home smart meter, a signal transmitted from an electric power company, a signal provided through an information network such as the Internet, and selects a circuit to be switched by the switching unit 10 based on the signal. can do. Further, the signal received by the switching selection unit 21 can be received by wire or wirelessly.
  • Electrolyte Chamber The electrolyte chamber 15 is provided so as to be able to store an electrolyte in which the first electrolysis electrode 8 or the second electrolysis electrode 7 is immersed. Thus, the first electrolysis electrode 8 or the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be immersed in the electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic reaction of the electrolytic solution is performed on the surfaces of the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7. Can be advanced.
  • the electrolyte chamber 15 can be, for example, a space formed between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the back substrate 14.
  • the electrolyte chamber 15 can be a flow path for collecting the first gas generated from the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second gas generated from the second electrolysis electrode 7.
  • the back substrate 14 can be provided on the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 so as to face the translucent substrate 1.
  • the back substrate 14 can be provided such that a space is provided between the first electrolysis electrode 8 or the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the back substrate 14. This space can be used as the electrolytic solution chamber 15.
  • the back substrate 14 may be a part of the outer box that can accommodate the photoelectric conversion unit 2, the first electrolysis electrode 8, and the second electrolysis electrode 7 and can form the electrolytic solution chamber 15.
  • the back substrate 14 can constitute the electrolyte chamber 15 for storing the electrolyte solution and confining the generated first gas and second gas, a substance with high confidentiality is required.
  • the back substrate 14 is not particularly limited, whether it is transparent or opaque.
  • Examples of the back substrate 14 include transparent rigid materials such as quartz glass, Pyrex (registered trademark), and synthetic quartz plates, or transparent resin plates and transparent resin films. Among them, it is preferable to use a glass material because it is a gas that is not chemically permeable and is chemically and physically stable.
  • the outer box is made of, for example, a steel material such as stainless steel or a synthetic resin such as a ceramic such as zirconia or alumina, a phenol resin, a melamine resin (MF), or a glass fiber reinforced polyamide resin. Is preferred.
  • the partition wall 13 is provided so as to partition the electrolyte chamber 15 between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the back substrate 14 and the electrolyte chamber 15 between the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the back substrate 14. it can. As a result, the first gas and the second gas generated by the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be prevented from mixing, and the first gas and the second gas can be separated. It can be recovered.
  • the partition wall 13 may include an ion exchanger. As a result, the electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber 15 between the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the back substrate 14 and the electrolyte in the electrolyte chamber 15 between the second electrolysis electrode 7 and the back substrate 14 are unbalanced. Thus, the ion concentration can be kept constant.
  • the ion concentration imbalance caused by the electrolysis reaction in the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can be eliminated by the movement of ions through the partition walls 9.
  • the partition wall 13 contains an ion exchanger, thereby eliminating the proton concentration imbalance. can do.
  • the ratio of the hydrogen generation amount and the oxygen generation amount from the electrolytic solution is a molar ratio of 2: 1, and the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis are used.
  • the amount of gas generated varies depending on the electrode 7.
  • the partition wall 13 for example, an inorganic film such as porous glass, porous zirconia, or porous alumina or an ion exchanger can be used.
  • the ion exchanger any ion exchanger known in the art can be used, and a proton conductive membrane, a cation exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or the like can be used.
  • the material of the proton conductive membrane is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having proton conductivity and electrical insulation, and a polymer membrane, an inorganic membrane, or a composite membrane can be used.
  • polymer membrane examples include Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont, Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., and Flemion (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., which are perfluorosulfonic acid electrolyte membranes.
  • membranes and hydrocarbon electrolyte membranes such as polystyrene sulfonic acid and sulfonated polyether ether ketone.
  • Examples of the inorganic film include films made of phosphate glass, cesium hydrogen sulfate, polytungstophosphoric acid, ammonium polyphosphate, and the like.
  • Examples of the composite membrane include a membrane made of a sulfonated polyimide polymer, a composite of an inorganic material such as tungstic acid and an organic material such as polyimide, and specifically, Gore Select membrane (registered trademark) or pores manufactured by Gore. Examples thereof include a filling electrolyte membrane.
  • a high temperature environment for example, 100 ° C.
  • sulfonated polyimide 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)
  • APMS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
  • sulfonated polybenzimidazole phosphonated polybenzimidazole
  • sulfuric acid examples include cesium hydrogen and ammonium polyphosphate.
  • the cation exchange membrane may be any solid polymer electrolyte that can move cations.
  • fluorine ion exchange membranes such as perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membranes and perfluorocarbon carboxylic acid membranes, polybenzimidazole membranes impregnated with phosphoric acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes, sulfonated styrene / vinylbenzene copolymers Examples include membranes.
  • an anion exchange membrane When the anion transport number of the supporting electrolyte solution is high, it is preferable to use an anion exchange membrane.
  • a solid polymer electrolyte capable of transferring anions can be used. Specifically, a polyorthophenylenediamine film, a fluorine-based ion exchange film having an ammonium salt derivative group, a vinylbenzene polymer film having an ammonium salt derivative group, a film obtained by aminating a chloromethylstyrene / vinylbenzene copolymer, etc. Can be mentioned.
  • the sealing material 16 is a material for adhering the translucent substrate 1 and the back substrate 14 to form the electrolytic solution chamber 15. Moreover, when a box-shaped thing is used for the back substrate 14, the sealing material 16 is a material for adhere
  • an ultraviolet curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, or the like is preferably used, but the type thereof is not limited. UV curable adhesives are resins that undergo polymerization when irradiated with light having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm and undergo a curing reaction within a few seconds after light irradiation, and are classified into radical polymerization type and cationic polymerization type.
  • thermosetting polymer adhesive examples include organic resins such as phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, and thermosetting polyimide. The thermosetting polymer adhesive is heated and polymerized in a state where pressure is applied at the time of thermocompression bonding, and then cooled to room temperature while being pressurized. I don't need it.
  • a hybrid material having high adhesion to the glass substrate can be used. By using a hybrid material, mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness are improved, and heat resistance and chemical resistance are dramatically improved.
  • the hybrid material is composed of inorganic colloidal particles and an organic binder resin.
  • inorganic colloidal particles such as a silica
  • organic binder resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyurethane acrylate resin, and a polyester acrylate resin
  • the sealing material 16 is described, but it is not limited as long as it has a function of adhering the substrate 1 and the back substrate 14, and a member such as a screw is used from the outside using a resin or metal gasket. It is also possible to appropriately use a method of physically applying pressure to increase confidentiality.
  • the water supply port 18 can be provided by making opening in a part of sealing material 16 contained in the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25, for example.
  • the water supply port 18 is installed to supply the electrolytic solution to the electrolytic solution chamber 15, and the arrangement location and shape thereof are particularly limited as long as the electrolytic solution is efficiently supplied to the solar cell integrated gas production device 25.
  • it is preferably provided at the lower part of the solar cell integrated gas production apparatus 25 installed at an inclination.
  • first gas discharge port 20 and the second gas discharge port 19 are provided in the sealing material 16 in the upper part of the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 when the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 is installed at an inclination. It can be provided by making an opening.
  • the 1st gas exhaust port 20 and the 2nd gas exhaust port 19 can be provided in the electrode side for 1st electrolysis and the electrode side for 2nd electrolysis, respectively, on both sides of the partition 13.
  • the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing device 25 is connected to the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4. Can be installed so that the water supply port 18 is on the lower side and the first gas discharge port 20 and the second gas discharge port 19 are on the upper side.
  • the electrolytic solution can be introduced into the solar cell integrated gas production device 25 from the water supply port 18, and the electrolytic solution chamber 15 can be filled with the electrolytic solution 27.
  • the switching unit 10 outputs the electromotive force of the photoelectric conversion unit 2 to the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7, thereby
  • the first electrolysis electrode 8 and the second electrolysis electrode 7 can continuously generate the first gas and the second gas, respectively.
  • the generated first gas and second gas can be separated by the partition wall 13, and the first gas and the second gas rise to the upper part of the solar cell integrated gas manufacturing apparatus 25, and the first gas discharge port 20 and It can be recovered from the second gas outlet 19.
  • Electrolytic solution is an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte, for example, an electrolytic solution containing 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 , 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, etc. If it happens, the type of electrolyte is not limited, and the electrolyte concentration is not limited.

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PCT/JP2011/058811 2010-05-19 2011-04-07 太陽電池一体型気体製造装置 Ceased WO2011145406A1 (ja)

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US13/698,774 US9029691B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2011-04-07 Solar-cell-integrated gas production device
EP11783343.4A EP2573209B1 (en) 2010-05-19 2011-04-07 Solar-cell-integrated gas production device
CN201180024700.9A CN102985597B (zh) 2010-05-19 2011-04-07 太阳能电池集成的气体产生装置

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JP2017218679A (ja) * 2017-09-20 2017-12-14 株式会社東芝 化学反応装置およびその動作方法
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JP6271311B2 (ja) * 2014-03-24 2018-01-31 株式会社東芝 電気化学反応装置
JP6316436B2 (ja) 2014-08-11 2018-04-25 富士フイルム株式会社 水素発生電極、および人工光合成モジュール
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JP2012001420A (ja) 2012-01-05
EP2573209A1 (en) 2013-03-27
CN102985597A (zh) 2013-03-20
CN102985597B (zh) 2016-06-22
EP2573209B1 (en) 2016-07-27
US9029691B2 (en) 2015-05-12
US20130068296A1 (en) 2013-03-21
JP5802374B2 (ja) 2015-10-28

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