WO2011129308A1 - イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子、粒子含有樹脂組成物およびイオン伝導性成形体 - Google Patents
イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子、粒子含有樹脂組成物およびイオン伝導性成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particle, a particle-containing resin composition, and an ion conductive molded body, and more specifically, an ion conductive molded body used for various industrial applications, and a particle-containing resin composition for forming the same. And ion-conducting organic-inorganic composite particles contained therein.
- nanometer-sized particles are used in various industrial applications including energy applications.
- an electrolyte membrane by applying and drying a composition prepared by blending inorganic nanoparticles having a proton-conductive group bonded to a polymer and a solvent (for example, the following) (See Patent Document 1).
- inorganic nanoparticles have a large specific surface area and tend to aggregate because they attempt to stabilize by lowering high surface energy. It is difficult to disperse the aggregated inorganic nanoparticles once, and it is necessary to perform a surface treatment on the aggregated inorganic nanoparticles, but it is difficult to uniformly perform the surface treatment.
- the inorganic nanoparticles are blended at a high blending ratio with respect to the polymer, the effect of the specific surface area increased by making the nanometer size cannot be fully exhibited, that is, as described above. Since aggregation occurs, there is a problem that various physical properties such as proton conductivity are lowered in an electrolyte membrane in which such inorganic nanoparticles are mixed with a polymer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles, a particle-containing resin composition, and ion-conductivity capable of forming at least a path through which ions are easily conducted when ion-conductive organic groups are close to each other.
- the object is to provide a molded body.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention are particles having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles and at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the organic group contains an ion conductive group.
- the ion conductive group is a cation conductive group or an anion conductive group.
- the existing ratio of the ion conductive group is 0.01 to 10 (mmol / g).
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention are preferably obtained by hydrothermal synthesis.
- the particle-containing resin composition of the present invention includes a resin and ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles mixed in the resin, and the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are organic on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the ion conductive molded article of the present invention is an ion conductive molded article formed from a resin containing a resin and a particle-containing resin composition resin containing ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles mixed in the resin.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are particles having an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles and at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to steric hindrance of the organic group.
- the organic group contains an ion conductive group.
- the ion conductive molded body of the present invention is preferably an ion conductive film.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention have at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not contact each other due to steric hindrance of the organic groups present on the surface of the inorganic particles, and the organic groups have ion conductive groups. Therefore, it is possible to form a path in which organic groups are close to each other and ions are easily conducted.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are The ion conductivity of the ion conductive molded body can be improved.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention are excellent in dimensional stability (size maintainability), a structure composed of such ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles, and ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles
- the ion conductive molded body of the present invention molded from the particle-containing resin composition of the present invention contained in the resin is excellent in dimensional stability.
- FIG. 1 is an image processing diagram of a TEM photograph (1,000,000 times) of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 17.
- FIG. 2 shows an image processing diagram of a TEM photograph (1,000,000 times) of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 20.
- FIG. 3 shows an image processing diagram of a TEM photograph (200,000 times) of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 20.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a sample used for measurement of proton conductivity (AC impedance method) in the examples.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention have an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles can be obtained by surface-treating inorganic particles with an organic compound.
- the inorganic substance forming the inorganic particles includes, for example, a metal composed of a metal element such as a typical element or a transition element, for example, a nonmetal composed of a nonmetal element such as boron or silicon, such as a metal element and / or a nonmetal.
- a metal composed of a metal element such as a typical element or a transition element
- a nonmetal composed of a nonmetal element such as boron or silicon
- An inorganic compound etc. are mentioned.
- metal element or nonmetal element examples include, for example, boron (B) in Group IIIB-silicon (Si) in Group IVB-arsenic (As) in Group VB in the Long Periodic Periodic Table (IUPAC, 1989) From the VIVI genus tellurium (Te) to the VITIVA statins (At), these elements and the elements on the left and lower sides of the long-period periodic table from the boundary can be mentioned.
- Group IA elements such as alkaline metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs
- Group IIA elements such as alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, for example, , Sc, Y, etc.
- Group IIIA elements eg, Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.
- Group IVA elements eg, V, Nb, Ta, etc.
- Group VA elements eg, Cr, Mo, W, etc.
- Group elements such as Group VIIA elements such as Mn and Re, for example, Group VIIIA elements such as Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt, such as Cu, Ag, Au, etc.
- Group IB elements for example, Group IIB elements such as Zn, Cd, Hg, for example, Group IIIB elements such as B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, for example, Group IVB, such as Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, etc.
- Group elements for example, VB elements such as As, Sb, Bi, etc.
- Group VIB elements such as Te, Po, etc.
- lanthanide series elements such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, for example, Ac, Th, U And actinium series elements.
- inorganic compounds include hydrides, hydroxides, nitrides, halides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates, nitrates, metal complexes, organometallic compounds, sulfides, carbides, and phosphides.
- complex compounds such as an oxynitride and a complex oxide, are also mentioned, for example.
- inorganic materials inorganic compounds are preferable, and oxides and sulfates are more preferable.
- examples of the element that combines with oxygen include the above metals, specifically, Group IVA elements and lanthanide series elements.
- the element that combines with oxygen Ti and Ce are preferably used.
- the oxide examples include titanium oxide (titanium dioxide, titanium oxide (IV), titania: TiO 2 ), cerium oxide (cerium dioxide, cerium (IV) oxide, ceria: CeO 2 ) and the like.
- These oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a sulfate is a compound of a sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ⁇ ) and a metal cation (more specifically, a compound in which a hydrogen atom of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is substituted with a metal), and the sulfate
- the metal contained in the metal include alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Examples of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal are the same as described above.
- an alkaline earth metal is preferable.
- the sulfate preferably includes a sulfate containing an alkaline earth metal.
- examples of such sulfate include beryllium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium sulfate, Examples thereof include radium sulfate, and preferably, barium sulfate is used.
- sulfates can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above inorganic materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic compound is, for example, an organic group introducing compound for introducing (disposing) an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic compound contains a bonding group that can be bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles and an organic group.
- the bonding group is appropriately selected depending on the type of inorganic particles, and includes, for example, a carboxyl group, a phosphate group (—PO (OH) 2 , phosphono group), an amino group, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H, a sulfonic acid group). ), Hydroxyl group, thiol group, epoxy group, isocyanate group (cyano group), nitro group, azo group, silyloxy group, imino group, aldehyde group (acyl group), nitrile group, vinyl group (polymerizable group), etc. Group (binding functional group) and the like.
- a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, and an amino group are mentioned.
- the carboxyl group includes, for example, an alkyl ester group such as ethyl ester, for example, an acid anhydride group.
- the phosphoric acid group includes, for example, a phosphonyl ester group such as a di- or monoalkoxyphosphonyl ester group such as diethoxyphosphonyl ester.
- linking groups are contained in the organic compound.
- a plurality of linking groups are contained in the organic compound, a combination of a carboxyl group and an amino group is preferable.
- linking group is bonded to the end or side chain of the organic group.
- the organic group contains an ion conductive group, specifically, an ion conductive group and a hydrocarbon group.
- the ion conductive group examples include a cation conductive group capable of conducting cations such as proton (H + ), ammonium ion (NH 4+ ), lithium ion (Li + ), and sodium ion (Na + ), such as hydroxyl group.
- anion conductive groups capable of conducting anions such as physical ions (OH ⁇ ) and carbonate ions (CO 3 2 ⁇ ).
- the cation conductive group can generate an anion by ionization, and specific examples include a sulfo group, a carboxyl group, and a phosphono group.
- the cation conductive group is preferably a sulfo group or a carboxyl group from the viewpoint of improving the cation conductivity, and more preferably a sulfo group from the viewpoint of further improving the cation conductivity.
- An anion conductive group can generate a cation by ionization, and specific examples include an amino group.
- ion conductive groups can be used alone or in combination of a plurality of different types.
- the ion conductive group is bonded to the end of the organic group (preferably, the other end, that is, the opposite end of one end bonded to the bonding group) or the side chain.
- a bonding group and an ion conductive group are bonded to the hydrocarbon group.
- a hydrocarbon group examples include 2 groups such as an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an araliphatic group, and an aromatic group. Valent hydrocarbon group and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic group include a saturated aliphatic group and an unsaturated aliphatic group.
- saturated aliphatic group examples include an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- alkylene group examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, isobutylene, s-butylene, t-butylene, pentylene, isopentylene, neopentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, isooctylene, nonylene, isononylene, decylene and isodesylene.
- Straight-chain or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as undecylene, dodecylene, tridecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, octadecylene, nonadecylene, icosylene, triacontylene, etc.
- a linear alkyl group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms is used.
- Examples of the unsaturated aliphatic group include a double bond-containing aliphatic group having a double bond such as an alkenylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a dienylene group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and a trienylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include a triple bond-containing aliphatic group having a triple bond such as an alkynylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkenylene group examples include alkenyl groups such as ethenylene (vinylene), propenylene, butenylene, pentenylene, hexenylene, octenylene, nonenylene, decenylene, undecenylene, dodecenylene, tetradecenylene, hexadecenylene, octadecenylene, icosenylene, etc. Hydrocarbon group) and the like.
- alkenyl groups such as ethenylene (vinylene), propenylene, butenylene, pentenylene, hexenylene, octenylene, nonenylene, decenylene, undecenylene, dodecenylene, tetradecenylene, hexadecenylene, octadecenylene, icosenylene, etc. Hydrocarbon group) and the like.
- Examples of the dienylene group include a C 4-20 dienylene group having a conjugated double bond such as 1,3-butadienylene.
- trienylene group examples include a trienylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms having a conjugated double bond such as 1,3,5-hexatrienyl.
- alkynylene group examples include propylene, butynylene, pentynylene, hexynylene, heptynylene, octynylene, decynylene, undecynylene, dodecynylene, tridecynylene, tetradecynylene, pentadecynylene, hexadecynylene, heptadecynylene, 20 Hydrogen group).
- the unsaturated aliphatic group a double bond-containing aliphatic group is preferable.
- Examples of the alicyclic group include cycloalkylene groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, and cyclooctylene.
- Examples of the araliphatic group include carbon such as phenylethylene, phenylpropylene, phenylbutylene, phenylpentylene, phenylhexylene, phenyloctylene, phenyldecylene, phenylheptylene, diphenylmethylene, diphenylpropylene, and biphenylethylene. Examples thereof include an aralkylene group of 7 to 20.
- aromatic group examples include arylene groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as phenylene, xylylene, and naphthylene.
- hydrocarbon groups an aliphatic group, an araliphatic group, and an aromatic group are preferable.
- an ion conductive group is bonded to the above-described hydrocarbon group, and the organic group containing the ion conductive group and the hydrocarbon group is an ion conductive group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- ion-conducting group-containing hydrocarbon group examples include monovalent ion conduction such as a sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group, a carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group, a phosphono group-containing hydrocarbon group, and an amino group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- monovalent ion conduction such as a sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group, a carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group, a phosphono group-containing hydrocarbon group, and an amino group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- a functional group-containing hydrocarbon group examples include monovalent ion conduction such as a sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group, a carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group, a phosphono group-containing hydrocarbon group, and an amino group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group examples include 2-sulfoethyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 4-sulfobutyl, 5-sulfopentyl, 6-sulfohexyl, 7-sulfoheptyl, 8-sulfooctyl, 9-sulfononyl, 10- Sulfosaturated aliphatic groups (sulfoaliphatic groups) such as sulfodecyl, for example, sulfoaromatic groups such as sulfophenylpropyl, sulfophenylbutyl, sulfophenylpentyl, sulfophenylhexyl, sulfophenyloctyl, sulfophenyldecyl, for example , Sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon groups containing one sulfo group, such as sulfoaromatic groups such
- a disulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group containing two sulfo groups such as a disulfo saturated aliphatic group (monosulfoaliphatic group) such as 5,7-disulfoheptyl, may also be mentioned.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group include carboxy saturated aliphatic groups such as 3-carboxypropyl, 4-carboxybutyl, 5-carboxypentyl, 6-carboxyhexyl, 8-carboxyoctyl, 10-carboxydecyl, 3 Carboxy aliphatic groups such as carboxy unsaturated aliphatic groups such as carboxy-2-methylpropenyl, carboxy aromatic aliphatic groups such as carboxyphenyl hexyl, carboxy aromatic groups such as carboxyphenyl, etc. . Further, examples of the carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group include a carboxylic acid alkyl ester group such as a propionic acid ethyl ester group.
- Examples of the phosphono group-containing hydrocarbon group include phosphono group-containing aliphatic groups such as phosphono saturated aliphatic groups such as 3-phosphonopropyl, 4-phosphonobutyl, 5-phosphonopentyl, 6-phosphonohexyl, and 8-phosphonooctyl.
- amino group-containing hydrocarbon group examples include amino aliphatic groups such as amino saturated aliphatic groups such as 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 5-aminopentyl, 6-aminohexyl, 8-aminooctyl, etc. And aminoaromatic aliphatic groups such as aminophenylhexyl, and aminoaromatic groups such as aminophenyl and pyridinyl.
- the above-described ion conductive group-containing hydrocarbon group is preferably a sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group, a carboxyl group-containing hydrocarbon group, or an amino group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- a sulfo group-containing hydrocarbon group and an amino group-containing hydrocarbon group are particularly preferred.
- the organic compound is an ion conductive group / bonded group combined hydrocarbon (first organic compound) in which a bonding group is bonded to the hydrocarbon group of the above-described ion conductive group-containing hydrocarbon group.
- first organic compound examples include a sulfo group-containing organic compound, a carboxyl group-containing organic compound, a phosphono group-containing organic compound, and an amino group-containing organic compound.
- the sulfo group-containing organic compound is, for example, 2-sulfoethanic acid (sulfoacetic acid), 3-sulfopropanoic acid, 4-sulfobutanoic acid.
- Sulfo-saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as 5-sulfopentanoic acid, 6-sulfohexanoic acid, 7-sulfoheptanoic acid, 8-sulfooctanoic acid, 9-sulfonanoic acid, 10-sulfodecanoic acid (sulfoaliphatic group-containing) Carboxylic acids), for example, sulfoaromatic aliphatics such as sulfophenylpropionic acid, di (sulfophenyl) propionic acid, sulfophenylbutanoic acid, sulfophenylpentanoic acid, sulfophenylhexanoic acid, sulfophenyloctanoic acid, sulfophenyldecanoic acid, etc.
- Group-containing carboxylic acid for example, sulfoaromatic group-containing carboxy
- examples of the sulfo group-containing organic compound include disulfocarboxylic acids such as 5,7-disulfoheptanoic acid.
- the linking group is a carboxyl group and an amino group
- a sulfoamino acid such as 2-amino-3-sulfo-propanoic acid (cysteic acid) is used.
- Carboxylic acid
- the carboxyl group-containing compound is, for example, propanedioic acid (malonic acid), butanedioic acid (succinic acid), pentanedioic acid.
- Glutaric acid hexanedioic acid (adipic acid), octanedioic acid (sebacic acid), saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as decanedioic acid, for example, unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as itaconic acid (2-methylidene succinic acid) And aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as Also, for example, araliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as 6-carboxyphenylhexanoic acid, for example, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid.
- the linking group is a phosphonyl ester group
- the linking group is a phosphonyl ester group
- Examples also include phosphoric acid group (phosphonyl ester group) -containing alkyl esters such as diethyl ester and 10- (diethoxy-phosphonyl) decanoic acid ethyl ester.
- the phosphono group-containing organic compound when the ion conductive group is a phosphono group and the bonding group is a carboxyl group, for example, 3-phosphonopropanoic acid, 4-phosphonobutanoic acid, 5-phosphonopentanoic acid Phosphono group-containing aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid (phosphono fatty acid) such as phosphono saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid (phosphono saturated fatty acid) such as 6-phosphonohexanoic acid and 8-phosphonooctanoic acid, such as phosphonophenyl
- phosphono group-containing araliphatic carboxylic acids such as hexanoic acid
- phosphono group-containing aromatic carboxylic acids such as phosphonobenzoic acid.
- the linking group is a carboxyl group
- the linking group is a carboxyl group
- An amino aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid such as an amino saturated aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid such as 6-aminohexanoic acid and 8-aminooctanoic acid, for example, an aminoaromatic aliphatic group-containing carboxylic acid such as aminophenylhexanoic acid
- amino aromatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as aminobenzoic acid.
- organic compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic compound is preferably a sulfo group-containing organic compound, a carboxyl group-containing organic compound, or an amino group-containing organic compound, and further improving the ion conductivity.
- more preferred examples include a sulfo group-containing organic compound and an amino group-containing organic compound.
- an organic compound not containing an ion conductive group (second organic compound, no ion conductive group / Bonding group-containing hydrocarbon) can also be used in combination.
- the second organic compound is an organic compound obtained by replacing the ion conductive group with hydrogen in the first organic compound described above, and specifically, a monovalent (saturated) aliphatic group such as hexyl or decyl.
- carboxylic acids having a monovalent hydrocarbon group include hexanoic acid and decanoic acid.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles can be obtained by subjecting an inorganic substance and an organic compound to a reaction treatment, preferably a high temperature treatment.
- the high temperature treatment is performed in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, for example, the organic compounds described above.
- inorganic materials and organic compounds are treated at high temperature in water at high pressure (hydrothermal synthesis, hydrothermal reaction), or inorganic materials are treated at high temperature in organic compounds (high temperature treatment in organic compounds).
- ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are obtained. That is, ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles can be obtained by surface-treating the surface of inorganic particles formed of an inorganic substance with an organic compound.
- hydrothermal synthesis for example, the above-described inorganic substance and organic compound are reacted in the presence of water at a high temperature and high pressure (first hydrothermal synthesis).
- sulfate is preferably used as the inorganic substance used for the first hydrothermal synthesis.
- the blending ratio of each component is such that the total amount of the organic compound is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 500 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 to 250 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic substance.
- the amount of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the blending ratio of the total amount of the organic compound is, for example, 0.9 to 1880 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance, preferably 4.5 to 630 mL, more preferably 4.5 to 320 mL.
- the total number of moles of the organic compound is, for example, 0.01 to 1000 moles, preferably 0.02 to 50 moles, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 moles with respect to 1 mole of the inorganic substance.
- the density of water is usually about 1 g / mL
- the mixing ratio of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, more preferably 500 to 4500 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance. It is.
- the reaction conditions in the hydrothermal reaction are such that the heating temperature is, for example, 100 to 500 ° C., preferably 200 to 400 ° C.
- the pressure is, for example, 0.2 to 50 MPa, preferably 1 to 50 MPa, and more preferably 10 to 50 MPa.
- the reaction time is, for example, 1 to 200 minutes, preferably 3 to 150 minutes. On the other hand, when a continuous reaction apparatus is used, the reaction time is, for example, 1 minute or less.
- the reaction product obtained mainly includes a precipitate that precipitates in water and an adherent that adheres to the inner wall of the container.
- the precipitate is obtained, for example, by sedimentation in which the reaction product is sedimented by gravity or a centrifugal field.
- it is obtained as a precipitate of the reaction product by centrifugal sedimentation (centrifugation) in which sedimentation is caused by a centrifugal force field.
- deposits are collected with a spatula, for example.
- the reaction product can be recovered (separated) by adding a solvent to wash the unreacted organic compound (that is, dissolving the organic compound in the solvent), and then removing the solvent.
- the solvent examples include organic solvents, and specific examples of such organic solvents include alcohols (hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- organic solvents include alcohols (hydroxyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons) such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Ketones carbonyl group-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and heptane, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and trichloroethane, Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene (specifically orthodichlorobenzene), ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene,
- NMP N- methylpyrrolidone
- pyridine pyridine
- acetonitrile nitrogen-containing compounds
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as dimethyl formamide
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide.
- examples of the solvent include an aqueous solvent such as a pH adjusting aqueous solution such as ammonia water.
- alcohol is preferable.
- reaction product after washing is separated from the solvent (supernatant liquid) by, for example, filtration or decantation, and recovered. Thereafter, if necessary, the reaction product is dried, for example, by heating or airflow.
- organic-inorganic composite particles containing an organic group (ion-conducting group-containing hydrocarbon group) on the surface of the inorganic particles can be obtained.
- the inorganic material before the reaction and the inorganic material forming the inorganic particles after the reaction are the same.
- ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles containing inorganic particles formed from an inorganic material different from the inorganic material that is the charged raw material can also be obtained by hydrothermal synthesis of the inorganic material (charged raw material) and the organic compound (first) 2 hydrothermal synthesis).
- Examples of the inorganic substance used for the second hydrothermal synthesis include hydroxides, metal complexes, and organometallic compounds.
- a hydroxide and a metal complex are used.
- the element contained in the hydroxide (the element constituting the cation combined with the hydroxide ion (OH ⁇ )) is the same as the element combined with oxygen in the oxide described above. It is done.
- hydroxide examples include cerium hydroxide (Ce (OH) 4 ).
- examples of elements contained in the metal complex include titanium, iron, tin, and zirconium.
- titanium is used.
- Examples of the ligand of the metal complex include hydroxycarboxylic acids such as 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid and lactic acid, and hydroxycarboxylic acid salts such as ammonium lactate.
- metal complex examples include 2-hydroxyoctanoic acid titanate, titanium lactate, titanium bis (ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, and the like.
- the metal complex can be obtained from the above elements and ligands by a known method.
- Examples of the organic compound include the same organic compounds used in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- the compounding ratio of each component is, for example, 1 to 1500 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 500 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 to 250 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the inorganic substance.
- it is 50 to 8000 parts by mass, preferably 80 to 6600 parts by mass, and more preferably 80 to 4500 parts by mass.
- the compounding ratio of the organic compound is, for example, 0.9 to 1880 mL, preferably 4.5 to 630 mL, and more preferably 4.5 to 320 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance. Is, for example, 0.01 to 10000 mol, preferably 0.1 to 10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the inorganic substance.
- the mixing ratio of water is, for example, 50 to 8000 mL, preferably 80 to 6600 mL, and more preferably 5 to 4500 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- reaction conditions in the second hydrothermal synthesis are the same as the reaction conditions in the first hydrothermal synthesis described above.
- ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles containing an organic group ion conductive group-containing hydrocarbon group
- a carbonic acid source or a hydrogen source can be further blended with each component.
- carbonic acid source examples include carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas), for example, formic acid and / or urea.
- hydrogen source examples include hydrogen (hydrogen gas), for example, acids such as formic acid and lactic acid, and hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane.
- the blending ratio of the carbonic acid source or the hydrogen source is, for example, 5 to 140 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance.
- the blending ratio of the carbonic acid source can be set to, for example, 5 to 100 mL, preferably 10 to 50 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the number of moles of the carbonic acid source to be added is, for example, 0.4 to 100 moles, preferably 1.01 to 10.0 moles, more preferably 1.05 to 1.30 moles with respect to 1 mole of the inorganic substance. Can also be set.
- the blending ratio of the hydrogen source can be set to, for example, 5 to 100 mL, preferably 10 to 50 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the number of moles of the hydrogen source is, for example, 0.4 to 100 moles, preferably 1.01 to 10.0 moles, and more preferably 1.05 to 2.0 moles with respect to 1 mole of the inorganic substance. Can also be set.
- an inorganic substance and an organic compound are blended and, for example, they are heated under normal pressure.
- the organic compound is subjected to high-temperature treatment while serving as an organic group-introducing compound and a solvent for dispersing or dissolving the inorganic substance.
- the blending ratio of the total amount of the organic compound is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic substance.
- the mixing ratio of the total amount of the organic compound based on the volume is, for example, 10 to 10000 mL, preferably 100 to 1000 mL with respect to 100 g of the inorganic substance.
- the heating temperature is, for example, a temperature exceeding 100 ° C., preferably 125 ° C. or more, more preferably 150 ° C. or more, and usually, for example, 300 ° C. or less, preferably 275 ° C. or less.
- the heating time is, for example, 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 3 to 30 minutes.
- first and second hydrothermal synthesis are preferable.
- an organic compound contains the 1st and 2nd organic compound, they are simultaneously mix
- the first organic compound and the second organic compound can be blended sequentially with respect to the inorganic substance, and the reaction treatment can be performed each time. Or vice versa, the second organic compound and the first organic compound can be sequentially blended and reacted.
- the second and first organic compounds are blended sequentially and each time subjected to a reaction treatment.
- an inorganic substance and a second organic compound are blended and subjected to a reaction treatment under the same conditions as described above, whereby an organic containing a hydrocarbon group that does not contain an ion conductive group on the surface.
- Inorganic composite particles are obtained.
- the organic / inorganic composite particles and the first organic compound are blended, and the reaction treatment is performed again under the same conditions as above to obtain ion conductive organic / inorganic composite particles.
- the obtained ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles contain an ion conductive group-free / bonded group-containing hydrocarbon and an ion conductive group-containing hydrocarbon group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the precursor particles can be reacted to produce ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the precursor particles contain a precursor group that generates an ion conductive group.
- the precursor particles contain an organic group containing the precursor group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- Such precursor particles can be obtained by subjecting an inorganic substance and a precursor group-containing hydrocarbon to a reaction treatment under the same conditions as described above.
- the precursor group-containing hydrocarbon contains a precursor group.
- the ion conductive group is a sulfo group
- an oxidation reaction such as a thiol group (—SH), a sulfide group (—S— group), a disulfide group (—S—S— group), etc.
- Sulfonated sulfur-containing groups that generate sulfo groups by, for example, monovalent araliphatic groups (specifically phenylhexyl, diphenylpropyl), monovalent aromatic groups (specifically phenyl), etc.
- An aromatic ring group to which a sulfo group is added (replaced with a hydrogen atom) by reaction is mentioned.
- Examples of the precursor group-containing hydrocarbon include 10-thio-decanoic acid (10-carboxy-1-decanethiol), 11-thio-undecanoic acid (11-carboxy-1-undecanethiol), ⁇ -lipoic acid, etc.
- Thiol group-containing carboxylic acids for example, -SS-group-containing carboxylic acids such as ⁇ -lipoic acid, for example, araliphatic group-containing carboxylic acids such as 6-phenylhexanoic acid and 3,3-diphenylpropionic acid,
- aromatic group containing carboxylic acid such as benzoic acid, is mentioned.
- the reaction treatment conditions for preparing the precursor particles are the same as the reaction treatment conditions for preparing the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the precursor group-containing hydrocarbon contains a bonding group, a precursor, and a divalent hydrocarbon group bonded to them. Examples of the linking group and hydrocarbon group are the same as those described above.
- the obtained precursor particles are reacted, specifically, an oxidation reaction or a sulfonation reaction to generate ion conductive groups from the precursor groups, thereby obtaining ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the oxidation reaction is carried out by blending an oxidizing agent into the precursor particles and subjecting the precursor particles to a high temperature treatment.
- oxidizing agent examples include peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and carboxylic acid peroxide (specifically, percarboxylic acid such as peracetic acid).
- the sulfonation reaction is carried out by blending a sulfonating agent into the precursor particles and treating them at a high temperature.
- the sulfonating agent examples include sulfuric acid, for example, halogenated sulfonic acid (halogenated sulfuric acid) such as chlorosulfonic acid (chlorosulfuric acid), for example, alkyl such as 1,3,5-trimethylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium decyl sulfate, and the like.
- sulfuric acids such as sodium sulfate.
- the conditions for the high temperature treatment are the same as above.
- a known catalyst can be added to the system at an appropriate ratio.
- the above oxidation reaction and sulfonation reaction can be carried out by blending the above solvent.
- the oxidation reaction and the sulfonation reaction can be repeated. That is, the oxidation reaction and / or the sulfonation reaction are carried out a plurality of times depending on the conversion rate. Specifically, the oxidation reaction and the sulfonation reaction are performed, for example, 1 to 10 times, preferably 1 to 5 times, more preferably 1 to 3 times.
- the mixing ratio of the oxidizing agent or sulfonating agent is, for example, 0.1 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 500 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the precursor particles. is there.
- the precursor particles are prepared from the inorganic material, and then the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are prepared from the precursor particles.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are prepared from the precursor particles.
- ions are prepared from the inorganic material and the precursor group-containing hydrocarbon.
- Conductive organic-inorganic composite particles can also be prepared at once.
- an inorganic substance, a precursor group-containing hydrocarbon, and an oxidizing agent or a sulfonating agent are treated at high temperature in water under high pressure (hydrothermal synthesis, hydrothermal reaction).
- the mixing ratio and conditions of the oxidizing agent or sulfonating agent are the same as above.
- the shape of the ionic organic-inorganic composite particles (primary particles) thus obtained is not particularly limited.
- the ionic organic-inorganic composite particles (primary particles) may be anisotropic or isotropic. If it has, the average value of the maximum length) is, for example, 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 nm to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles will be described in detail in a later example, and is calculated by image analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and / or a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles obtained as described above can be subjected to wet classification.
- a solvent is added to the ion-conducting organic-inorganic composite particles, and they are stirred and allowed to stand, and then separated into a supernatant and a precipitate.
- the solvent include the same ones as described above, and preferably include aliphatic hydrocarbons.
- the average particle diameter of the resulting ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles can be adjusted to, for example, 1 nm to 450 nm, preferably 1 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 1 nm to 100 nm. .
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles thus obtained contain an organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles, and the organic group contains an ion conductive group.
- the inorganic substance of the inorganic particles is identified by, for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD), the organic group is identified by, for example, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), and the ion conductive group is For example, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry
- ion conductive group is For example, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA).
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are difficult to aggregate between the inorganic particles in the dry state. Even if the particles are apparently aggregated in the dry state, microscopically contact between the inorganic particles ( That is, secondary particle formation) is prevented. That is, aggregation (formation of secondary particles) is prevented, and the particles are dispersed almost uniformly as primary particles in the resin.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles have at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not come into contact with each other due to the steric hindrance of the organic group on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles have at least a structure in which the inorganic particles are self-organized and there are voids between the tissues (between the inorganic particles).
- the ion-containing organic-inorganic composite particles since the organic group exhibits ion conductivity, the ion-containing organic-inorganic composite particles, and further, the particle-containing resin composition containing the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles ( The ion conductive molded body (described later) and the ion conductive molded body (described later) have ionic conductivity.
- the number of bonding groups on the surface) ⁇ 100) is, for example, 1% or more, preferably 10% or more, and is usually 100% or less.
- the shape of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles is confirmed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the surface area of the exposed surface (the surface of the inorganic particles not bonded to the bonding group). Assuming Then, the average particle size is calculated, and the number of atoms exposed on the particle surface in the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles (the atoms that can bind to the bonding group) from the shape of the inorganic particles, the average particle size, and the surface area of the exposed surface Number of).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the proportion of organic groups in the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles is calculated from the change in weight when the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are heated to 600 ° C. by simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measurement (TG-DTA). . Thereafter, from the molecular weight of the organic group, the density of the particle, and the average volume, the atoms exposed on the particle surface (the amount of the organic group in one atom that can bind to the bonding group) are calculated. And surface coverage is calculated
- the bonding group is removed, and the analysis of the organic group is performed based on the analysis of ESCA, TG-DTA, and GC-MS, which will be described later in detail. Calculate by quantification.
- the abundance ratio of the ion conductive group is, for example, 0.01 mmol / g or more, preferably 0.05 mmol / g or more, and usually 10 mmol / g or less.
- the abundance ratio of the ion conductive group can be calculated from the surface coverage described above. In addition, as will be described in detail in a later example, it is also calculated from an analysis result of IEC (ion exchange capacity).
- the abundance ratio of the ion conductive group is within the above range, a desired ion conductivity can be obtained.
- the particle-containing resin composition can be prepared by blending the above-described ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles and a resin. Specifically, ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are mixed (dispersed) in the resin.
- the resin in which the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are dispersed is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin.
- thermosetting resin examples include polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, thermosetting polyimide resin, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, urea resin, melamine resin, diallyl phthalate resin, silicone resin, thermosetting urethane resin, and the like.
- thermoplastic resin examples include thermoplastic fluororesin (specifically, polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVdF), a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)), tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxyethylene, and the like.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride resin
- ETFE tetrafluoroethylene
- Copolymer (PFA), copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (FEP)), olefin resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyester resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, maleimide resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, Ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyamide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyacetal resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether ether ketone resin (PEEK), polyallyl sulfate Down resins, thermoplastic polyimide resins, thermoplastic urethane resins, polyether imide resins, polymethyl pentene resins, cellulose resins, such as liquid crystal polymer.
- FEP hexafluoropropylene
- olefin resin acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, polyester resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, maleimide resin, poly
- thermoplastic resin examples include conductive resins such as ionomer, polyaniline, and polyacetylene, and synthetic rubbers such as styrene / butadiene rubber and fluorine rubber.
- thermoplastic resin examples include modified products and mixtures of the above-described resins, and copolymers of the above-described resin monomers.
- thermoplastic resin has a weight average molecular weight of, for example, 10,000 to 10,000,000, preferably 100,000 to 1,000,000.
- the above-described resin may be an ion conductive resin having ion conductivity.
- an ion conductive resin for example, a graft copolymer of a sulfonic acid group-containing polymer and PVdF is used.
- examples thereof include sulfonated thermoplastic resins such as polymers (sulfonic acid group-containing PVdF), polysulfone resins, polyethersulfone resins, sulfonated polyethersulfone resins, and sulfonated PEEK.
- These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resin is used.
- the melting temperature of the above-described resin is, for example, 200 to 300 ° C.
- the softening temperature is, for example, 150 to 280 ° C.
- the ion conductive organic / inorganic composite particles in the resin for example, at least the ion conductive organic / inorganic composite particles and the resin are blended and mixed.
- ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles and resin are mixed and, for example, stirred or shaken (shaken).
- they can also be mixed by a known stirring method that imparts a shearing force to ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles and resin, such as a mill such as a ball mill or roll mill, for example, a kneader, for example, a mortar.
- a stirring method that imparts a shearing force to ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles and resin
- a mill such as a ball mill or roll mill, for example, a kneader, for example, a mortar.
- grain containing resin composition can also be removed by stirring deaerators, such as a hybrid mixer, as needed.
- the blending ratio of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles is, for example, 0.1 to 9,900 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 9,000 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 to 900 parts per 100 parts by weight of the resin. Part by mass.
- the concentration of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles in the ion conductive molded body is, for example, 0.1 to 99% by mass, preferably 1 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 80% by mass. To be adjusted.
- ion-conducting organic-inorganic composite particles, a solvent and a resin are blended and stirred to prepare a particle-containing resin composition (varnish).
- a particle-containing resin composition Varnish
- the handleability of the particle-containing resin composition can be improved.
- solvents used in the above-described washing include, but are not limited to, solvents used in the above-described washing, and, in addition, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, and esters such as ethyl acetate.
- polyols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin, isostearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylate, acrylic acid, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate
- Acrylic monomers such as 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, acroyl morpholine, vinyl group-containing monomers such as styrene, ethylene, bis Such as phenol A type epoxy resins.
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mixing ratio of the solvent is, for example, 1 to 9900 parts by mass, preferably 40 to 2000 parts by mass, and more preferably 50 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the resin is liquefied at room temperature (when it is in a liquid state) or when the resin is melted by heating, the resin is ion-conducted without using a solvent. It can also be blended with conductive organic-inorganic composite particles.
- the particle-containing resin composition thus prepared is a melt of the particle-containing resin composition that does not contain a solvent.
- the heating temperature is equal to or higher than the melting temperature, specifically 150 to 350 ° C. Further, when the resin is made of a thermosetting resin, the temperature at which the resin is in a B stage state, for example, 85 to 140 ° C.
- the obtained particle-containing resin composition is applied onto, for example, a known support plate to prepare a coating film, and this coating film is cooled, cured, and dried to ionize the ion conductive molded body. Molded as a conductive film.
- the molded object of a particle-containing resin composition can also be produced using molding machines, such as a well-known press machine, a kneading machine, and an extruder.
- the particle-containing resin composition containing a solvent for example, a known application method such as a spin coater method or a bar coater method is used.
- the particle-containing resin composition can be applied by hand coating using a known applicator.
- the solvent is removed by volatilization simultaneously with or immediately after the application. If necessary, the solvent can be dried by heating after coating.
- the viscosity of a particle-containing resin composition can be suitably adjusted through processes, such as an evaporator and the concentration by drying, for example.
- the thickness of the obtained ion conductive film is appropriately set according to the use and purpose, and is, for example, 0.1 to 2000 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m.
- an ion conductive film can also be shape
- the particle-containing resin composition can be poured into a mold or the like, and then molded as an ion conductive block (lumps) as an ion conductive molded body by, for example, thermoforming such as hot pressing.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention can form a structure having at least a shape in which the inorganic particles do not come into contact with each other due to steric hindrance of organic groups present on the surface of the inorganic particles.
- the organic group has an ion conductive group, a path where the organic groups are close to each other and ions are easy to conduct can be formed.
- the self-organized ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particle 1 is formed with an ion conductive path 2 made of an ion conductive group.
- the path 2 the ion conductivity of the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particle 1 can be obtained.
- the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of the present invention are excellent in dimensional stability (size maintainability), a structure composed of such ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles, and ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles
- the ion conductive molded body of the present invention in which is mixed in a resin is excellent in dimensional stability (dimension maintenance).
- the ion conductive molded body formed as described above can ensure excellent ion conductivity and excellent dimensional stability, and is suitably used as an ion conductive film.
- an ion conductive film is a proton conductive film, it is specifically used as a proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell.
- the ion conductive film is, for example, an anion conductive film, specifically, it is used as an anion exchange membrane of a fuel cell.
- the ion exchange capacity is, for example, 0.01 to 10 [mmol / g]
- the ion conductivity is, for example, 0.1 to 500 [mS / cm].
- the measuring method of an ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity is demonstrated in detail in a following example.
- the ion conduction molded object containing an ion conductive film is used for various industrial uses including an energy use.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the shape in which the inorganic particles did not contact each other that is, the inorganic particles were self-organized, and the structure was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- Void / existence It was confirmed that at least a structure having voids between self-organized (between inorganic particles) was present.
- ⁇ Gas chromatograph mass spectrometry > 0.1 g of particles and 3.17 mL of methanol were charged into a high-pressure reactor, the lid of the high-pressure reactor was closed, and the temperature was increased to 300 ° C. and pressurized. The ultimate pressure was approximately 40 MPa. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 180 minutes after reaching the reaction temperature.
- GC-MS gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
- the ion exchange capacity is the amount of —SO 3 H groups, is defined by the following formula (1), and is calculated according to the following measurement method.
- Ion exchange capacity [mmol / g] n / Wd (1)
- n (acid group) molar amount of acid group [mmol] of particles
- Wd mass of particles [g] (Measurement method of ion exchange capacity) First, the particles were weighed and Wd was measured.
- the amount of modification such as —SO 3 H group, carboxyl group, amino group, etc. is obtained from the analysis results of ESCA, TG-DTA, FT-IR, and GC-MS, and the presence of ion-conducting groups. The percentage was calculated.
- the amount of —SH 3 H group, carboxyl group, amino group, etc. is obtained by subtracting the abundance of —SH group and alkyl group from the results of ESCA and GC to obtain ion-conducting group The abundance ratio was calculated.
- the resistance (impedance) of the ion conductive film (5) was measured by an LCR meter (8).
- the impedance was measured in a frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the real part of the measured impedance is plotted on the horizontal axis and the absolute value of the imaginary part is plotted on the vertical axis, and the value of the real part of the minimum value is defined as resistance R ( ⁇ ).
- ⁇ L / (R ⁇ t ⁇ h) ⁇ Dimensional stability of ion-conductive molding (dimension maintenance)>
- Rate of increase (%) (area of water-containing ion conductive film) / (area of dry ion conductive film) ⁇ 100-100 (Standard) ⁇ : Increase rate was less than 10%.
- the increase rate was 10% or more.
- the lid of the high pressure reactor was closed and the temperature was raised to 200 ° C. and pressurized.
- the ultimate pressure was approximately 10 MPa.
- the reaction was allowed to proceed for 180 minutes after reaching the reaction temperature, and then naturally cooled to 50 ° C. or lower.
- the collected product is centrifuged at 12,000 G for 10 minutes in a centrifuge (trade name: HP-26XP, manufactured by Beckman Coulter) to separate the precipitate (reactant) and the supernatant, 5 ml of ethanol was added and dispersed (washing step). This washing process was repeated 5 times. Thereafter, ethanol in the precipitate was dried at 80 ° C. to obtain organic-inorganic composite particles in which a decyl group and a hexyl group were present on the surface of cerium oxide (CeO 2 ).
- a centrifuge trade name: HP-26XP, manufactured by Beckman Coulter
- the collected supernatant (particle-dispersed hexane solution) was used to remove coarse products using a 0.45 ⁇ m filter. Furthermore, by drying this, organic-inorganic composite particles were obtained.
- Table 1 shows the formulation of Preparation Example 1 and high-temperature treatment.
- Example 1 Preparation of Ion Conductive Organic-Inorganic Composite Particles
- SHR-R6-500 manufactured by AKICO
- Ce (OH) 4 cerium hydroxide
- DL- ⁇ -lipoic acid DL- ⁇ -lipoic acid
- Hydrogen water was charged in the amount shown in Table 2.
- the lid of the high-pressure reactor is closed, heated to 400 ° C. in a shaking-type heating furnace (manufactured by AKICO), and hydrothermally heated by shaking for 10 minutes while the inside of the high-pressure reactor is pressurized to about 30 MPa. Synthesized.
- ethanol was added and stirred, followed by centrifugation at 15000 G for 20 minutes in a centrifuge (trade name: MX-301, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) to separate the precipitate (reactant) from the supernatant (washing step) ). This washing operation was repeated 5 times. Thereafter, ethanol in the precipitate was dried by heating at 80 ° C.
- Examples 7-18 and 27 Ion-conducting organic-inorganic composite particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the formulation and high-temperature treatment conditions were changed based on the descriptions in Tables 2, 3 and 5. 2. Preparation of precursor particles Examples 2-6, 19-28 and 30-35 Precursor particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the formulation of each component was changed based on the descriptions in Tables 2, 4 and 5.
- the precursor particles is dispersed in 4.75 g of a solvent (water or an aqueous solvent such as 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, organic solvent such as acetonitrile, dichloromethane, orthodichlorobenzene, or DMSO), and a particle dispersion liquid is obtained.
- a particle dispersion and an oxidizing agent or a sulfonating agent are blended in the blending amounts shown in Tables 6 and 7, and high-temperature treatment is performed under the reaction conditions described in Tables 6 and 7.
- the precursor particles were sulfonated.
- the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 36 are obtained by further sulfonation of the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 1, and the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 69 are In addition, the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 36 are obtained by further sulfonation.
- Example 36 is an ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particle in which the sulfonation reaction was performed twice
- Example 69 is an ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particle in which the sulfonation reaction was performed three times.
- ion conductive film Example 70 First, a polyvinylidene fluoride resin (trade name: KF polymer W # 1100, PVdF, weight average molecular weight 280,000, manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.) and NMP are blended according to the description in Table 8 to obtain a solid content concentration. A 20% by mass resin solution was prepared.
- a polyvinylidene fluoride resin trade name: KF polymer W # 1100, PVdF, weight average molecular weight 280,000, manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd.
- NMP weight average molecular weight 280,000
- the ion-conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Example 41 and NMP were blended according to the description in Table 8 to prepare a particle dispersion having a solid content concentration of 40% by mass.
- the resin solution and the particle dispersion are blended according to the description in Table 8, and then mixed (stirred) for 5 minutes in a mortar, and then defoamed for 2 minutes with a hybrid mixer. By doing so, the ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles were dispersed in the resin solution. Thereby, a varnish of a transparent particle-containing resin composition was prepared.
- the obtained varnish was applied onto a support plate by hand coating using an applicator. Thereafter, the solvent was dried as necessary.
- the coated particle-containing resin composition was dried at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare an ion conductive film (ion conductive molded body) having a thickness of 14 ⁇ m.
- Examples 71 to 73 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 In accordance with the description in Table 8, a resin solution and a particle dispersion were respectively prepared in the same manner as in Example 70. Subsequently, a varnish of the particle-containing resin composition was prepared, and then an ion conductive film (ion A conductive molded body) was produced.
- the self-organized ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles of Examples 74 to 104 were evaluated based on the following methods.
- XRD Examples 1 to 35 (Tables 2 to 5)
- FT-IR Examples 1 to 35 (Tables 2 to 5)
- TEM Examples 1-35 (Of Examples 1 to 35, only Examples 17 and 20 are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.)
- IEC Examples 36-41, 43, 46, 48, 50, 57-64, and 67 (Tables 8 and 9) 2. Evaluation of ion conductive film About the ion conductive film of each Example and each comparative example, the following physical property was evaluated, respectively, and those results are shown in Table 8 and Table 9.
- An ion conductive molded body in which ion conductive organic-inorganic composite particles are mixed in a resin is used as a proton exchange membrane of a fuel cell, an anion exchange membrane of a fuel cell, or the like.
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Abstract
Description
(評価方法)
<X線回折法(XRD)>
粒子をガラスフォルダーに充填し、下記の条件でX線回折を実施した。その後、得られたピークから、データベース検索によって無機物の成分を帰属した。
(入射側光学系)
・X線源:CuKα(λ=1.542Å)、45kV、360mA
・分光器(モノクロメータ):多層膜ミラー
・コリメータ直径:300μm
(受光側光学系)
・カウンタ:二次元PSPC(Hi-STAR)
・粒子およびカウンタ間距離:15cm
・2θ=20、50、80度、ω=10、25、40度、Phi=0度、Psi=0度
・測定時間:10分間
・帰属(半定量ソフトウェア):FPM EVA、Bruker AXS社製
<フーリエ変換赤外分光光度法(FT-IR)>
フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(FT/IR-470Plus、JASCO社製)を用いるKBr法によって、粒子のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度測定を実施した。
<透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)による観察>
TEM用グリッド(コロジオン膜、カーボン支持膜)上に溶媒で希釈した粒子の粒子分散液(固形分濃度1質量%以下)を滴下して、その後、乾燥し、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)にて粒子を観察した。これによって、
この観察とともに、画像解析によって、粒子の平均粒子径を算出した。
<X線光電子分光法(ESCA)>
粒子を、アルミニウム製パンを用いてタブレット状に成形してサンプルを調製した後、ESCA装置(Quantum 2000、アルバック・ファイ社製)の試料台に固定した。このサンプルをワイドスキャン測定することにより、定性分析した。
<示差熱重量同時測定(TG-DTA)>
熱分析装置(EXSTAR6000、SEIKO社製)で粒子を燃焼させて、粒子の仕込みの重量(質量)と、酸素雰囲気中で燃焼した後の残存灰分重量(質量)とから、無機粒子と、有機基との比率(=無機粒子/有機基)を算出した。
<ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析(GC-MS)>
粒子0.1gと、メタノール3.17mLとを、高圧反応器に仕込み、高圧反応器の蓋を締めて300℃まで昇温、加圧した。到達圧力はおおよそ40MPaであった。反応温度に到達後180分間反応させた。
<イオン交換容量(IEC)>
粒子のイオン交換容量(IEC)を算出した。
n(酸基):粒子が有する酸基のモル量[mmol]
Wd:粒子の質量[g]
(イオン交換容量の測定方法)
まず、粒子を秤量して、Wdを測定した。
<イオン伝導性基の定量>
上記したIECの分析結果から、-SO3H基の修飾量を算出した。
<イオン伝導性フィルムの厚み(膜厚)>
イオン伝導性フィルムの厚み(膜厚)を、厚み測定器(ダイヤルシックネスゲージG-6C、最小表示:1/1000mm、測定子直径:5mm、尾崎製作所社製)を用いて、温度25±2℃、湿度65±20%RHの下で測定した。
<イオン伝導性フィルムのプロトン伝導度の測定(交流インピーダンス法)>
イオン伝導性フィルム(5)を水中で1時間浸漬させて膨潤させた後、図4に示すように、2枚の白金箔電極(3)でイオン伝導性フィルム(5)を挟んでサンプル(4)を作製した。なお、イオン伝導性フィルム(5)を挟むときには、幅10mmの平板状の白金電極(3)は、厚み方向に投影したときに、10mmの間隔を隔てて配置した。
<イオン伝導性成形体の寸法安定性(寸法維持性)>
イオン伝導性フィルムを、水中に24時間浸すことで、含水イオン伝導性フィルムとした。さらに、含水イオン伝導性フィルムを80度で24時間乾燥することにより乾燥イオン伝導性フィルムとした。これら、含水イオン伝導性フィルムおよび乾燥イオン伝導性フィルムの寸法(縦×横=面積)を測定し、各イオン伝導性フィルムの面積を算出した。さらに、下記式より、水中の浸漬前後の増加率を算出することにより、寸法安定性(寸法維持性)を下記の基準で評価した。
(基準)
○:増加率が10%未満であった。
1. 有機無機複合粒子の調製
調製例1
5mLの高圧反応器(SHR-R6-500、AKICO社製)に、水酸化セリウム(Ce(OH)4:和光純薬工業社製)と、デカン酸およびヘキサン酸と、純水とを、表1に記載の配合量で仕込んだ。
実施例1
5mLの高圧反応器(SHR-R6-500、AKICO社製)に、水酸化セリウム(Ce(OH)4:和光純薬工業社製)と、DL-α-リポ酸と、3質量%過酸化水素水とを、表2に記載の配合量で仕込んだ。
表2、3および5の記載に準拠して、配合処方および高温処理の条件を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子を調製した。
2. 前駆体粒子の調製
実施例2~6、19~28および30~35
表2、4および5の記載に準拠して、各成分の配合処方を変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、前駆体粒子を調製した。
実施例36~69
表6および表7の記載に準拠して、前駆体粒子またはイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子をスルホン化して、実施例36~69のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子を調製した。
実施例70
まず、ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂(商品名:KFポリマーW#1100、PVdF、重量平均分子量28万、クレハ社製)と、NMPとを、表8の記載に準拠して、配合して、固形分濃度20質量%の樹脂溶液を調製した。
表8の記載に準拠して、実施例70と同様にして、樹脂溶液および粒子分散液をそれぞれ調製し、続いて、粒子含有樹脂組成物のワニスを調製し、その後、イオン伝導性フィルム(イオン伝導性成形体)を作製した。
表9の記載に従って、イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子0.1質量部を、溶媒(例えば、NMP、トルエン、クロロホルム、ヘキサン、水、エタノール、メタノール、アセトンなどから適宜選択される溶媒)100質量部に分散させて、粒子分散液を調製し、調製した粒子分散液を支持板上に塗布し、乾燥させて、イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子を自己組織化させて、それらを、それぞれ、実施例74~104の自己組織化したイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子とした。
1.イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子および前駆体粒子の評価
各実施例および各比較例のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子および前駆体粒子について、下記の物性をそれぞれ評価し、それらの結果を表2~表8に示す。
FT-IR :実施例1~35(表2~表5)
TEM :実施例1~35
(なお、実施例1~35のうち、実施例17および20のみを図1~3に例示した。)
IEC :実施例36~41、43、46、48、50、57~64、および、67(表8および表9)
2.イオン伝導性フィルムの評価
各実施例および各比較例のイオン伝導性フィルムについて、下記の物性をそれぞれ評価し、それらの結果を表8および表9に示す。
イオン伝導度 :実施例70~73、比較例3~6(表8)
寸法安定性 :実施例70~104、比較例1~6(表8および表9)
(寸法維持性)
空隙の有無 :実施例74~104、比較例1~6(表9)
なお、上記説明は、本発明の例示の実施形態として提供したが、これは単なる例示にすぎず、限定的に解釈してはならない。当該技術分野の当業者によって明らかな本発明の変形例は、後記の特許請求の範囲に含まれるものである。
Claims (8)
- 無機粒子の表面に有機基を有し、かつ、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を少なくとも有している粒子であって、
前記有機基が、イオン伝導性基を含有していることを特徴とする、イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子。 - 前記イオン伝導性基は、カチオン伝導性基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子。
- 前記イオン伝導性基は、アニオン伝導性基であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子。
- イオン伝導性基の存在割合が、0.01~10(mmol/g)であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子。
- 水熱合成により得られることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子。
- 樹脂と、
前記樹脂中に混合されているイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子と
を含み、
前記イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子は、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有し、かつ、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を少なくとも有している粒子であって、
前記有機基が、イオン伝導性基を含有していることを特徴とする、粒子含有樹脂組成物。 - 樹脂と、
前記樹脂中に混合されているイオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子と
を含む粒子含有樹脂組成物樹脂から成形されるイオン伝導性成形体であって、
前記イオン伝導性有機無機複合粒子は、無機粒子の表面に有機基を有し、かつ、前記有機基の立体障害により、前記無機粒子が互いに接触しない形状を少なくとも有している粒子であって、
前記有機基が、イオン伝導性基を含有していること
を特徴とする、イオン伝導性成形体。 - イオン伝導性フィルムであることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のイオン伝導性成形体。
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JP5879257B2 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
CN102844273A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
JPWO2011129308A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
KR20130040819A (ko) | 2013-04-24 |
CN102844273B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
US9847544B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 |
US20130266886A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
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