WO2011129169A1 - 電気化学素子用セパレータおよびそれを用いた電気化学素子、並びにその電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学素子用セパレータおよびそれを用いた電気化学素子、並びにその電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011129169A1 WO2011129169A1 PCT/JP2011/055904 JP2011055904W WO2011129169A1 WO 2011129169 A1 WO2011129169 A1 WO 2011129169A1 JP 2011055904 W JP2011055904 W JP 2011055904W WO 2011129169 A1 WO2011129169 A1 WO 2011129169A1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical element having a layer having high heat resistance and good productivity, an electrochemical element using the separator for electrochemical element, and a method for producing the separator for electrochemical element It is.
- a porous resin membrane mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin is generally used as a separator for separating a positive electrode and a negative electrode of an electrochemical element such as a lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium battery, and an electric double layer capacitor.
- an electrochemical element such as a lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium battery, and an electric double layer capacitor.
- a polyolefin-based separator is stable against harsh redox atmospheres such as lithium ion batteries, and has a so-called shutdown characteristic in which pores are closed near the melting point of the constituent resin polyolefin. It can be secured and is widely used.
- a separator made of a porous resin film mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin has a capability of maintaining the film at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 In order to enhance the heat resistance stability of the separator composed of such a porous resin membrane, a method of forming a layer containing a highly heat resistant material such as an inorganic oxide on the surface of the porous resin membrane has been studied (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the layer containing the high heat-resistant material is a step of applying a composition (paint) prepared by dispersing the high heat-resistant material in a medium such as water to the surface of the resin porous membrane.
- a composition prepared by dispersing the high heat-resistant material in a medium such as water to the surface of the resin porous membrane.
- the surface tension (wetting index) of the resin porous membrane is adjusted to 40 mN / m or more, and a layer containing a highly heat-resistant material is formed satisfactorily. Or improving the adhesion between the layer containing a highly heat-resistant material and the resin porous film.
- the surface tension (wetting index) is less than 40 mN / m. Therefore, in the techniques of Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, corona discharge is generated on the surface of the polyolefin porous film.
- the surface tension (wetting index) is adjusted to 40 mN / m or more by performing hydrophilic treatment such as treatment or plasma treatment.
- hydrophilic treatment such as treatment or plasma treatment.
- thermal damage such as local melting of the resin may be applied depending on the case.
- the polyolefin porous membrane is charged by the hydrophilic treatment, and heat damage such as melting may be applied to the polyolefin porous membrane due to heat generated when the charged charge is discharged. is there.
- the thermal damage received by the polyolefin porous membrane may cause defects in the laminated separator, or clogging may occur due to melting of the polyolefin constituting the porous membrane, resulting in reduced load characteristics and charge / discharge It may cause deterioration of cycle characteristics.
- methyl ethyl ketone is used as a medium for the composition for forming the layer containing a material having high heat resistance. It is also conceivable to use organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, alcohol and the like. In this case, even if a resin porous membrane having a low surface tension (wetting index) such as a polyolefin porous membrane is used without hydrophilization, the wettability of the composition to the resin porous membrane is increased. Therefore, there is a possibility that the composition can be satisfactorily applied to the surface of the porous resin membrane.
- wetting index surface tension
- the composition penetrates to the surface opposite to the coating surface of the porous resin membrane, so-called “back-through” occurs, and is used as a guide for a coating apparatus used for coating the composition.
- the composition or its medium adheres to a roller that has been applied, and the composition cannot be satisfactorily applied to the surface of the resin porous membrane.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a highly heat-resistant layer and good productivity, an electrochemical element separator, an electrochemical element using the electrochemical element separator, and A method for producing the separator for an electrochemical device is provided.
- the separator for an electrochemical element of the present invention is a separator for an electrochemical element having a heat-resistant porous layer containing heat-resistant fine particles as a main component on at least one surface of a resin porous film mainly containing a thermoplastic resin,
- the surface tension (wetting index) A of the resin porous membrane is 35 mN / m or less
- the heat-resistant porous layer contains an aqueous medium
- the surface tension B is less than 29 mN / m.
- the relationship between the surface tension (wetting index) A and the surface tension B is A> B.
- the electrochemical element of the present invention is an electrochemical element including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator is the separator for electrochemical elements of the present invention.
- the method for producing a separator for an electrochemical element according to the present invention is for an electrochemical element having a heat-resistant porous layer containing heat-resistant fine particles as a main component on at least one surface of a resin porous film mainly containing a thermoplastic resin.
- a method for producing a separator comprising a step of preparing a porous resin membrane having a surface tension (wetting index) A of 35 mN / m or less, a heat-resistant porous material containing an aqueous medium and having a surface tension B of less than 29 mN / m
- a layer-forming composition is applied to the surface of the resin porous membrane and dried to form a heat-resistant porous layer, and the relationship between the surface tension (wetting index) A and the surface tension B A> B.
- the separator for electrochemical elements which has a layer with high heat resistance and favorable productivity, the electrochemical element using the separator for electrochemical elements, and the manufacturing method of the separator for electrochemical elements Can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a coating apparatus applicable to the production of the separator for electrochemical elements of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of measuring the peel strength at 180 ° between the porous resin membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer of the separator for electrochemical devices.
- the separator for electrochemical elements of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “separator”) has a heat-resistant porous layer on at least one surface of a porous resin film mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin.
- the porous resin membrane according to the separator of the present invention serves as a base material of the separator, and for example, plays a role of isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a situation where an electrochemical element using the separator of the present invention is usually used. Is.
- the heat resistant porous layer according to the separator of the present invention is a layer for enhancing the heat resistance of the separator.
- the inside of the electrochemical element in which the separator of the present invention is used constitutes the resin porous film.
- the heat-resistant porous layer suppresses a short circuit due to direct contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the resin porous membrane concerning a separator can be thermally contracted, the thermal contraction of the whole separator is suppressed by the heat resistant porous layer. Therefore, the electrochemical device using the separator of the present invention has excellent safety at high temperatures.
- the separator of the present invention is applied with a heat-resistant porous layer-forming composition (coating material) containing a constituent material of a heat-resistant porous layer in a resin porous membrane as a base material and dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium. Then, it is manufactured through a process of drying and removing the medium.
- a porous resin membrane having a surface tension (wetting index) A of 35 mN / m or less, and a surface tension B that is less than 29 mN / m and smaller than the surface tension (wetting index) A that is, A heat-resistant porous layer forming composition having a relationship between the surface tension (wetting index) A and the surface tension B of A> B) is used.
- the heat-resistant porous layer is formed on the surface of the resin porous membrane. Therefore, the heat resistant porous layer having excellent properties can be formed.
- the thermoplastic resin as the main component of the resin porous membrane is preferably a polyolefin as described later.
- polyethylene (PE) has a surface tension (wetting index) A of 31 mN / m
- polypropylene (PP) has a surface tension (wetting index) A of 29 mN / m. Therefore, the surface tension (wetting index) A of the porous resin membrane according to the separator of the present invention can be adjusted by selecting the thermoplastic resin as the main component. For this reason, it is not necessary to perform hydrophilic treatment such as corona discharge treatment or plasma treatment to adjust the surface tension (wetting index) of the porous resin membrane. Can be avoided, and the occurrence of defective parts during the manufacture of the separator can be suppressed.
- the productivity is enhanced by the above-described actions.
- the surface tension (wetting index (mN / m)) A of the resin porous membrane (base material) is measured by a method in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K-6768.
- the surface tension B of the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition can be measured by a conventional method such as a plate method, a pendant drop method, or a maximum bubble pressure method.
- the porous resin membrane according to the separator of the present invention is mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin constituting the porous resin membrane may be a resin having a surface tension (wetting index) of 35 mN / m or less, which is generally used as a separator material in an electrochemical element to which a separator is applied.
- a surface tension (wetting index) of 35 mN / m or less which is generally used as a separator material in an electrochemical element to which a separator is applied.
- polyolefin is preferable.
- the lower limit of the surface tension (wetting index) of polyolefin is about 29 mN / m.
- polyolefin suitable for the resin porous membrane examples include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and ethylene-propylene copolymer.
- the resin porous film is mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin
- the thermoplastic resin when the electrochemical element is exposed to a high temperature, the thermoplastic resin is softened and the pores are closed.
- the temperature at which the shutdown occurs is higher than the normal expected temperature range of the electrochemical element and lower than the temperature expected when the electrochemical element is abnormal, for example, lower than the abnormal heat generation temperature in a lithium ion battery It is required to be. Therefore, for example, when the electrochemical device is a lithium ion battery, the shutdown temperature generated by the porous resin membrane according to the separator is preferably 100 to 140 ° C.
- thermoplastic resin that is the main component of the porous resin membrane of the separator has a melting point, that is, a melting temperature measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in accordance with the provisions of JIS K 7121.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the resin porous membrane for example, a porous membrane composed of the above-mentioned exemplified thermoplastic resin used as a separator in a conventionally known electrochemical element (such as a lithium ion battery), that is, solvent extraction
- a porous membrane composed of the above-mentioned exemplified thermoplastic resin used as a separator in a conventionally known electrochemical element (such as a lithium ion battery), that is, solvent extraction
- An ion-permeable porous membrane produced by a method, a dry or wet stretching (uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching) method, or the like can be used.
- the surface tension (wetting index) A of the resin porous film is 35 mN / m or less. It can be.
- thermoplastic resin as a main component means that the thermoplastic resin as a main component is 80% by mass or more among components constituting the resin porous membrane.
- the resin porous membrane may be composed only of a thermoplastic resin. That is, the ratio of the thermoplastic resin in the resin porous membrane may be 100% by mass.
- the pore size of the resin porous membrane is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of enabling good movement of ions in the electrochemical element.
- the pore diameter of the resin porous membrane is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the pores of the resin porous membrane need to be “communication holes” connected from one surface of the resin porous membrane to the other surface, but the shape of the holes is one side of the resin porous membrane. It is preferable that the hole is bent in the resin porous membrane, rather than the so-called “straight hole” that is linearly connected from the first surface to the other surface. Since the pores of the resin porous membrane have flexibility, for example, in a lithium ion battery, it is possible to reduce the potential of internal short circuit due to the formation of lithium dendrite.
- the heat-resistant porous layer according to the separator of the present invention is a layer containing heat-resistant fine particles as a main component.
- Heat resistance in the heat-resistant fine particles referred to in the present specification means that shape change such as deformation is not visually confirmed at least at 150 ° C. That is, “heat resistance” means that the heat resistant temperature at which shape change such as deformation does not occur is 150 ° C. or higher.
- the heat-resistant temperature of the heat-resistant fine particles is preferably 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 300 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 500 ° C. or higher.
- the heat-resistant fine particles are preferably inorganic fine particles having electrical insulation properties, and specifically, iron oxide, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), TiO 2 , BaTiO 3 , MgO, etc.
- Inorganic oxide fine particles Inorganic oxide fine particles; Inorganic nitride fine particles such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride; Slightly soluble ion-binding fine particles such as calcium fluoride, barium fluoride and barium sulfate; Covalent fine particles such as silicon and diamond; Montmorillonite Clay fine particles; and the like.
- the inorganic oxide fine particles may be fine particles such as boehmite, zeolite, apatite, kaolin, mullite, spinel, olivine, mica, or a mineral resource-derived material or an artificial product thereof.
- the inorganic fine particles electrically insulate the surface of a conductive material exemplified by metals, SnO 2 , conductive oxides such as tin-indium oxide (ITO); carbonaceous materials such as carbon black and graphite; It is also possible to use particles having electrical insulating properties by coating with a material having a property, for example, the above-described inorganic oxide.
- Organic fine particles can also be used as the heat-resistant fine particles.
- organic fine particles include polyimide, melamine resin, phenol resin, crosslinked polymethylmethacrylate (crosslinked PMMA), crosslinked polystyrene (crosslinked PS), polydivinylbenzene (PDVB), benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate, etc.
- the organic resin (polymer) constituting these organic fine particles is a mixture, modified body, derivative, copolymer (random copolymer, alternating copolymer, block copolymer, graft copolymer) of the materials exemplified above.
- a crosslinked product thereof may be used.
- heat-resistant fine particles those exemplified above may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- inorganic oxide fine particles are more preferable, and alumina, silica, and boehmite are more preferable.
- the average particle size of the heat-resistant fine particles is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. More preferred.
- the average particle diameter of the heat-resistant fine particles is defined as, for example, the number average particle diameter measured by dispersing the heat-resistant fine particles in a medium that does not dissolve using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer (for example, “LA-920” manufactured by HORIBA). can do.
- the heat-resistant fine particles for example, it may have a shape close to a sphere or may have a plate shape, but from the point of prevention of short circuit, plate-like particles or primary particles It is preferable that the particles have an aggregated secondary particle structure.
- the plate-like particles and secondary particles include plate-like alumina, plate-like boehmite, secondary particle-like alumina, and secondary particle-like boehmite.
- the aspect ratio (the ratio of the maximum length in the plate-like particles to the thickness of the plate-like particles) is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and 100 or less. It is preferable that it is, and it is more preferable that it is 50 or less.
- the aspect ratio of the plate-like particles can be obtained, for example, by analyzing an image taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the heat-resistant porous layer contains heat-resistant fine particles as a main component.
- the term “containing as a main component” as used herein means that the heat-resistant fine particles contain 70% by volume or more in the total volume of components of the heat-resistant porous layer. Means.
- the amount of the heat-resistant fine particles in the heat-resistant porous layer is more preferably 80% by volume or more and further preferably 90% by volume or more in the total volume of the constituent components of the heat-resistant porous layer.
- the heat resistant porous layer preferably contains an organic binder in order to bind the heat resistant fine particles to each other or to bind the heat resistant porous layer and the resin porous film.
- a suitable upper limit of the content of the heat resistant fine particles in the heat resistant porous layer is, for example, 99% by volume in the total volume of the constituent components of the heat resistant porous layer. If the amount of the heat-resistant fine particles in the heat-resistant porous layer is less than 70% by volume, for example, it is necessary to increase the amount of the organic binder in the heat-resistant porous layer.
- the organic binder used for the heat resistant porous layer the heat resistant fine particles or the heat resistant porous layer and the resin porous film can be well bonded, electrochemically stable, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution possessed by the electrochemical element. There is no particular limitation as long as it is stable.
- ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA, structural units derived from vinyl acetate of 20 to 35 mol%), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers, fluororesins [Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.], fluorinated rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ), Poly N-vinylacetamide, cross-linked acrylic resin, polyurethane, nylon, polyester, polyvinyl acetal, epoxy resin and the like.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
- PVDF ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers
- fluororesins Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF
- a heat-resistant resin having a heat-resistant temperature of 150 ° C. or higher is preferable, and in particular, a highly flexible material such as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, fluorine-based rubber, or SBR is more preferable.
- a highly flexible material such as an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, fluorine-based rubber, or SBR is more preferable.
- Specific examples thereof include EVA “Evaflex series (trade name)” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd., EVA manufactured by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd., and ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd.
- Evaflex-EEA Series (trade name)
- EEA made by Nihon Unicar Fluororubber "Daiel Latex Series (trade name)” by Daikin Industries, SBR “TRD-2001 (trade name)” by JSR And SBR “BM-400B (trade name)” manufactured by Zeon Corporation.
- a cross-linked acrylic resin (self-crosslinking acrylic resin) having a low glass transition temperature and having a structure in which butyl acrylate is a main component and is cross-linked is also preferable.
- the heat-resistant porous layer related to the separator is formed through a process of applying the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition to the surface of the resin porous film and drying it.
- the heat-resistant porous layer-forming composition contains constituent materials for the heat-resistant porous layer, such as the heat-resistant fine particles and the organic binder, and is dispersed or dissolved in a medium.
- an aqueous medium that is, a medium mainly composed of water
- the aqueous medium may be water alone, but may contain a water-soluble organic solvent such as alcohol having 6 or less carbon atoms such as ethanol and isopropanol.
- Constaining water as a main component means containing 50% by mass or more of water with respect to the total weight of the medium.
- the surface tension B of the heat resistant porous layer forming composition is less than 29 mN / m and is smaller than the surface tension (wetting index) A of the resin porous membrane.
- surfactant examples include hydrocarbon surfactants, fluorine surfactants, silicone surfactants, and the like.
- hydrocarbon-based surfactants include anionic surfactants such as fatty acid salts, cholates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate sodium and sodium lauryl sulfate; cationic surfactants such as tetraalkylammonium salts; And amphoteric surfactants having both an anionic site and a cationic site; nonionic surfactants such as alkyl glucosides.
- fluorine-based surfactant examples include those in which a linear alkyl group, a perfluoroalkenyl group, etc.
- silicone surfactant examples include polydimethylsiloxane, polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and polymethylalkylsiloxane.
- surfactant those exemplified above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant in the heat resistant porous layer forming composition may be an amount that can adjust the surface tension B of the heat resistant porous layer forming composition to the above value. It is preferable to set it as 0.01 mass part or more with respect to a mass part, It is more preferable to set it as 0.02 mass part or more, It is still more preferable to set it as 0.05 mass part or more.
- the amount of the surfactant in the heat-resistant porous layer-forming composition is large, the adhesion between the resin porous film and the heat-resistant porous layer is lowered, and, for example, the peel strength at 180 ° is a suitable value. Difficult to do.
- the adhesiveness between the resin porous membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer in the separator is lowered, there is a possibility that the effect of suppressing the heat shrinkage of the resin porous membrane as the substrate is reduced.
- the amount of the surfactant in the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition is large, the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition and its medium will escape through the pores of the resin porous membrane to the opposite surface. Through-holes are likely to occur, and a handling apparatus such as a backup roll for applying the composition will be wetted, resulting in reduced handling and difficulty in applying the composition to a desired coating thickness. There is a risk that.
- the amount of the surfactant in the heat resistant porous layer forming composition is preferably 2 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the medium. More preferably, it is 5 parts by mass or less.
- the surface tension B of the composition for forming a heat resistant porous layer is 15 mN / m or more. It is preferable to do.
- the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition is derived from The surfactant may be a separator that does not exist on the surface of the resin porous membrane opposite to the surface on which the heat resistant porous layer is formed.
- Examples of the method for applying the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition to the resin porous membrane include a method using a coating apparatus such as a gravure coater, a knife coater, a reverse roll coater, and a die coater.
- a coating apparatus such as a gravure coater, a knife coater, a reverse roll coater, and a die coater.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a coating apparatus applicable to the production of the separator of the present invention.
- the resin porous membrane 1 wound up in a roll shape is drawn out, and a composition for forming a heat-resistant porous layer is applied to the surface by a die head 2.
- the back roll 4 of the die head 2 can be removed by “back-through” of the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition or its medium.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of manufacturing a separator in which a heat-resistant porous layer is formed only on one side of the resin porous membrane 1, but the separator of the present invention has a heat-resistant porous layer on one side of the resin porous membrane in this way.
- the structure which has only a heat resistant porous layer on both surfaces of the resin porous membrane may be sufficient.
- the separator of the present invention may have a structure having a plurality of porous resin films as well as a heat resistant porous layer.
- increasing the thickness of the separator by increasing the number of layers may increase the internal resistance of the electrochemical element or decrease the energy density. Therefore, it is not preferable to increase the number of layers, and the separator is configured.
- the total number of layers is preferably 5 layers or less, more preferably 2 layers.
- the surface tension (wetting index) A of the resin porous membrane and the surface tension B of the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition are adjusted to the above values, and the relationship between the surface tension (wetting index) A and the surface tension B is as described above.
- a heat-resistant porous layer having good properties can be formed.
- the heat-resistant porous layer can be formed in 95% or more of the area of the surface region of the resin porous membrane to which the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition is applied at the time of manufacturing the separator. Further, it is possible to form a heat-resistant porous layer in which the number of pinholes having a diameter of 3 mm or more present in the heat-resistant porous layer is 1 or less per 100 cm 2 where the heat-resistant porous layer is formed.
- the area ratio where the heat-resistant porous layer is formed is the portion of the separator where the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition is applied.
- the number of pinholes having a diameter of 3 mm or more present in the heat-resistant porous layer per 100 cm 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer forming portion was cut out from the separator in a size of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm. It is a value calculated
- the thickness (total thickness) of the separator of the present invention is 6 to 6 from the viewpoint of ensuring a function required for the separator (a function of satisfactorily separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode) and suppressing a decrease in energy density of the electrochemical device. It is preferable that it is 50 micrometers.
- the thickness of the resin porous membrane related to the separator is Ta ( ⁇ m) and the thickness of the heat resistant porous layer is Tb ( ⁇ m)
- the ratio Ta / Tb of Ta to Tb is preferably 5 or less. 4 or less is more preferable, 1 or more is preferable, and 2 or more is more preferable.
- the separator of the present invention can suppress the thermal contraction of the entire separator even if the thickness ratio of the resin porous membrane is increased and the heat-resistant porous layer is thinned. Generation
- the thickness Ta is the total thickness
- the thickness Tb is the total thickness.
- the thickness of the resin porous membrane (when there are a plurality of resin porous membranes, the total thickness) is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the heat resistant porous membrane (when there are a plurality of heat resistant porous layers, the total thickness) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, and 4 ⁇ m or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 20 micrometers or less, and it is more preferable that it is 10 micrometers or less.
- the resin porous membrane is too thin, particularly when providing shutdown characteristics, such properties may be weakened, and if it is too thick, there is a risk of causing a decrease in the energy density of the electrochemical element, There is a possibility that the force for heat shrinking becomes large and the effect of suppressing the heat shrinkage of the entire separator becomes small. Further, if the heat-resistant porous layer is too thin, the effect of suppressing the heat shrinkage of the entire separator may be reduced, and if it is too thick, the thickness of the entire separator is increased.
- the porosity of the separator as a whole is preferably 30% or more in a dry state from the viewpoint of ensuring the amount of electrolyte retained and improving ion permeability.
- the porosity of the separator is preferably 70% or less in a dry state.
- the porosity of the multilayer porous membrane: P (%) is obtained from the thickness of the multilayer porous membrane, the mass per area, and the density of the constituent components by using the following formula (1) to obtain the sum for each component i. Can be calculated by
- a i ratio of component i expressed by mass%
- ⁇ i density of component i (g / cm 3 )
- m mass per unit area of separator (g / cm 2 )
- t The thickness (cm) of the separator.
- m is the mass per unit area (g / cm 2 ) of the resin porous membrane
- t is the thickness (cm) of the resin porous membrane.
- the porosity of the resin porous membrane: Pa (%) can also be determined using The porosity of the resin porous membrane obtained by this method is preferably 30 to 70%.
- m is the mass per unit area (g / cm 2 ) of the heat resistant porous layer
- t is the thickness (cm) of the heat resistant porous layer.
- Pb %.
- the porosity of the heat resistant porous layer obtained by this method is preferably 20 to 60%.
- the peel strength between the resin porous membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer at 180 ° is preferably 0.5 N / cm or more, and more preferably 1.0 N / cm or more.
- the upper limit value of the peel strength at 180 ° between the resin porous membrane and the heat resistant porous layer is usually about 5 N / cm.
- the peel strength at 180 ° between the resin porous membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer in the separator referred to in the present specification is a value measured by the following method.
- a test piece having a size of 5 cm in length and 2 cm in width is cut out from the separator, and an adhesive tape is attached to a region of 2 cm ⁇ 2 cm from one end of the surface of the heat resistant porous layer.
- the size of the adhesive tape is 2 cm in width and about 5 cm in length, and the adhesive tape is attached so that one end of the adhesive tape and one end of the separator are aligned.
- the end of the heat-resistant porous layer is peeled off by measuring at a tensile rate of 10 mm / min.
- FIG. 2 the mode of the side surface of the separator test piece of the state pulled with the tension tester (not shown) is shown typically.
- 3 is a separator
- 3a is a resin porous membrane
- 3b is a heat-resistant porous layer
- 7 is an adhesive tape
- the surface tension (wetting index) A of the resin porous membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer forming composition The surface tension B is set to the above value, and the surface tension (wetting index) A and the surface tension B are adjusted so as to satisfy the above relationship, and the surfactant content in the heat resistant porous layer forming composition is adjusted. What is necessary is just to set it as the said value.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of other configurations and structures, and various electrochemical devices having a conventionally known non-aqueous electrolyte such as lithium An ion battery (primary battery and secondary battery), a polymer lithium battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and the like can be used.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention can be suitably applied to applications requiring safety at high temperatures.
- lithium ion secondary battery examples include a cylindrical battery such as a rectangular tube shape or a cylindrical shape using a steel can, an aluminum can, or the like as an outer can. Moreover, it can also be set as the soft package battery which used the laminated film which vapor-deposited the metal as an exterior body.
- the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a positive electrode used in a conventional nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- a positive electrode mixture in which a conductive additive (carbon material such as carbon black) or a binder such as PVDF is appropriately added to the positive electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector to form a positive electrode mixture layer Can be produced.
- a lithium-containing transition metal oxide represented by Li 1 + x MO 2 ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, M: Co, Ni, Mn, etc.); LiM x Mn 2-x O 4 (M: Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Sn, Sb, In, Nb, Mo, W, Y, Ru, Rh
- LiM x Mn 2-x O 4 M: Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Sn, Sb, In, Nb, Mo, W, Y, Ru, Rh
- LiMPO 4 M: Co, Ni, Mn, Fe
- LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 Li (1 + a) Mn x Ni y Co (1-xy) O 2 ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. 5); can be used.
- a metal foil such as aluminum, a punching metal, a net, an expanded metal, or the like can be used, but an aluminum foil having a thickness of 10 to 30 ⁇ m is usually preferably used.
- the lead portion on the positive electrode side is usually provided by forming an exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector without forming the positive electrode mixture layer on a part of the positive electrode current collector and forming the lead portion at the time of producing the positive electrode.
- the lead portion on the positive electrode side is not necessarily integrated with the positive electrode current collector from the beginning, and may be provided by later connecting an aluminum foil or the like to the positive electrode current collector. .
- the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a negative electrode used in a conventional nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- a negative electrode mixture obtained by appropriately adding a conductive additive (carbon material such as carbon black) or a binder such as PVDF to the negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode mixture layer Can be produced.
- lithium such as graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, fired organic polymer compounds, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), carbon fibers, etc.
- MCMB mesocarbon microbeads
- One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds of carbon-based materials, a lithium-containing nitride, or a compound that can be charged and discharged at a low voltage close to lithium metal such as lithium oxide can be used.
- elements such as Si, Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, In and alloys thereof, or lithium metal or lithium / aluminum alloy can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the metal foil may be used alone to form the negative electrode, and the metal is disposed on the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode may be formed.
- a copper or nickel foil, punching metal, net, expanded metal, or the like can be used as the negative electrode current collector, but a copper foil is usually used.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 30 ⁇ m, and the lower limit is preferably 5 ⁇ m.
- the lead part on the negative electrode side like the lead part on the positive electrode side, usually leaves an exposed part of the negative electrode current collector without forming a negative electrode mixture layer on a part of the negative electrode current collector during the preparation of the negative electrode. Is provided as a lead portion.
- the lead portion on the negative electrode side is not necessarily integrated with the negative electrode current collector from the beginning, and may be provided by connecting a copper foil or the like to the negative electrode current collector later. .
- the electrode can be used in the form of a laminated electrode body in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated via the separator of the present invention, or a wound electrode body in which this is wound.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery examples include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylene glycol sulfite,
- An organic solvent composed of only one kind such as 2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, or a mixed solvent of two or more kinds, for example, LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , Li 2 C 2 F 4 (SO 3 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC n Those prepared by dissolving at least one selected
- melting at room temperature such as ethyl-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonium imide, heptyl-trimethylammonium trifluoromethylsulfonium imide, pyridinium trifluoromethylsulfonium imide, guanidinium trifluoromethylsulfonium imide A salt can also be used.
- PVDF vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PVDF-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- polyethylene oxide polypropylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, main chain or
- An electrolyte gelled using a host polymer capable of forming a gel electrolyte such as a crosslinked polymer containing an ethylene oxide chain in the side chain or a crosslinked poly (meth) acrylic acid ester can also be used.
- the electrochemical element of the present invention can be applied to the same uses as various uses where a conventionally known electrochemical element having a non-aqueous electrolyte is used.
- the surface tension B of the heat-resistant porous layer forming slurry was measured using a fully automatic surface tension meter “CBVP-Z” manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- the surface tension A (wetting index (mN / m)) of the porous resin membrane was measured by a method based on JIS K-6768.
- the peel strength at 180 ° between the resin porous membrane and the heat resistant porous layer was measured by the above method using a double-sided adhesive tape “No. 5011N” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation as the adhesive tape.
- the thermal shrinkage rate of the separator was measured by the following method. First, strip-shaped sample pieces having a separator MD direction and TD direction of 5 cm and 10 cm, respectively, were cut out.
- the MD direction is a machine direction in the production of the resin porous membrane
- the TD direction is a direction perpendicular to the MD direction.
- a straight line of 3 cm in each was paralleled with MD direction and TD direction so that it might cross
- the temperature is kept at 150 ° C. for 1 hour, and MD direction / TD after 1 hour has passed at 150 ° C.
- the length of each mark in the direction was measured.
- the thermal contraction rate of MD direction and TD direction was measured from the length of each mark before a heating and after a heating.
- Example 1 An organic binder SBR emulsion (solid content ratio 40% by mass): 300 g and water: 4000 g were placed in a container and stirred at room temperature until evenly dispersed.
- Boehmite powder (plate shape, average particle size 1 ⁇ m, aspect ratio 10): 4000 g, which is a heat-resistant fine particle having a heat-resistant temperature of 150 ° C. or higher, is added to this dispersion in 4 portions, and a carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution (solid) as a thickener.
- a part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of heat-resistant fine particles was added, and the mixture was stirred with a disper at 2800 rpm for 5 hours to prepare a uniform slurry.
- the surface tension (wetting index) A of the PE porous membrane used as the resin porous membrane was 30 mN / m
- the surface tension B of the heat-resistant porous layer forming slurry was 21.5 mN / m. .
- Example 2 A slurry for forming a heat resistant porous layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the surfactant was changed to a dimethylpolysiloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer which is a silicone surfactant, and this slurry was used except that Produced a separator in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 Except that the addition amount of the surfactant was changed to 2.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of water, a slurry for forming a heat-resistant porous layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this slurry was used. A separator was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 A slurry for forming a heat-resistant porous layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no surfactant was used, and a separator was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this slurry was used.
- the thermal contraction rate of the separator indicates the larger value of the thermal contraction rate in the MD direction and the thermal contraction rate in the TD direction.
- Table 1 also shows the area ratio of the heat-resistant porous layer formed on the surface area of the resin porous membrane coated with the heat-resistant porous layer-forming composition measured by the above method (Table 1 is described as “coverage”), and the number of pinholes having a diameter of 3 mm or more present in the heat-resistant porous layer per 100 cm 2 of the heat-resistant porous layer forming portion (in Table 1, “number of pinholes”) Is also described.
- Examples 1 to 5 using a resin porous membrane and a slurry for forming a heat-resistant porous layer having a surface tension (wetting index) A and a surface tension B at appropriate values, and an appropriate relationship between them.
- the separator No. 3 has a high heat-resistant porous layer coverage, no pinholes are observed, and the heat-resistant porous layer is well formed.
- the separators of Examples 1 and 2 have higher peel strength than the separator of Example 3. This is presumably because the amount of the surfactant added to the slurry for forming a heat resistant porous layer used in the separators of Examples 1 and 2 is smaller than that used in the separator of Example 3.
- the separators of Examples 1 and 2 have a smaller thermal shrinkage than the separator of Example 3, but this has a high peel strength between the resin porous membrane and the heat-resistant porous layer, and the adhesion between the two layers. This is considered to be because the shrinkage of the resin porous membrane was favorably suppressed by the heat resistant porous layer.
- Example 4 ⁇ Preparation of positive electrode> LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material: 90 parts by mass, acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary agent: 7 parts by mass, and PVDF as a binder: 3 parts by mass uniformly using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode mixture-containing paste was prepared by mixing. This paste is intermittently applied to both sides of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m as a current collector so that the coating length is 280 mm on the front surface and 210 mm on the back surface, dried, and calendered to a total thickness of 150 ⁇ m. Thus, the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer was adjusted, and the positive electrode was produced by cutting to a width of 43 mm. Furthermore, the positive electrode lead part was welded to the exposed part of the aluminum foil in this positive electrode.
- a negative electrode mixture-containing paste was prepared by mixing 95 parts by mass of graphite as a negative electrode active material and 5 parts by mass of PVDF as a binder so as to be uniform using NMP as a solvent.
- This paste is intermittently applied on both sides of a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m as a current collector so that the coating length is 290 mm on the front surface and 230 mm on the back surface, dried, and then calendered to a total thickness of 142 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer was adjusted, and the negative electrode was produced by cutting to a width of 45 mm.
- the negative electrode lead part was welded to the exposed part of the copper foil in this negative electrode.
- ⁇ Battery assembly> The positive electrode and the negative electrode obtained as described above are overlapped with the separator of Example 1 so that the heat-resistant porous layer faces the negative electrode side, and wound in a spiral shape to produce a wound electrode body. did.
- the obtained wound electrode body was crushed into a flat shape, and then put into a laminate film exterior body.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (LiPF 6 was added to a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2). was injected at a concentration of 1.2 mol / L), and the opening of the outer package was sealed to prepare a battery.
- Example 5 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the separator was changed to the separator of Example 2.
- Example 6 A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the separator was changed to the separator of Example 3.
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Abstract
Description
有機バインダであるSBRのエマルジョン(固形分比率40質量%):300gと、水:4000gとを容器に入れ、均一に分散するまで室温で攪拌した。この分散液に耐熱温度が150℃以上の耐熱性微粒子であるベーマイト粉末(板状、平均粒径1μm、アスペクト比10):4000gを4回に分けて加え、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液(固形分として、耐熱性微粒子100質量に対して1質量部)を添加し、ディスパーにより2800rpmで5時間攪拌して均一なスラリーを調製した。このスラリーにフッ素系界面活性剤であるパーフルオロオクタンスルフォン酸を、水100質量部に対して0.1質量部添加して、耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを得た。この耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを、樹脂多孔質膜であるPE製多孔質膜(厚み12μm)上にグラビアコーターを用いて塗布した後、乾燥して、樹脂多孔質膜と耐熱多孔質層との2層構造の厚み16μmのセパレータを得た。ここで、樹脂多孔質膜として使用したPE製多孔質膜の表面張力(濡れ指数)Aは30mN/mであり、耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーの表面張力Bは21.5mN/mであった。
界面活性剤をシリコーン系界面活性剤であるジメチルポリシロキサンポリオキシアルキレン共重合体に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
界面活性剤の添加量を水100質量部に対して2.5質量部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
界面活性剤を使用しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
界面活性剤の添加量を水100質量部に対して0.005質量部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして耐熱多孔質層形成用スラリーを調製し、このスラリーを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてセパレータを作製した。
<正極の作製>
正極活物質であるLiCoO2:90質量部、導電助剤であるアセチレンブラック:7質量部、およびバインダであるPVDF:3質量部を、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤として均一になるように混合して正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。このペーストを、集電体となる厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔の両面に、塗布長が表面280mm、裏面210mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って、全厚が150μmになるように正極合剤層の厚みを調整し、幅43mmになるように切断して正極を作製した。更に、この正極におけるアルミニウム箔の露出部に正極リード部を溶接した。
負極活物質である黒鉛:95質量部と、バインダであるPVDF:5質量部とを、NMPを溶剤として均一になるように混合して負極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。このペーストを、集電体となる厚さ10μmの銅箔の両面に、塗布長が表面290mm、裏面230mmになるように間欠塗布し、乾燥した後、カレンダー処理を行って、全厚が142μmになるように負極合剤層の厚みを調整し、幅45mmになるように切断して負極を作製した。更に、この負極における銅箔の露出部に負極リード部を溶接した。
前記のようにして得た正極と負極とを、実施例1のセパレータを、その耐熱多孔質層が負極側に向くように介在させて重ね合わせ、渦巻状に巻回して巻回電極体を作製した。得られた巻回電極体を押しつぶして扁平状にした後にラミネートフィルム製の外装体に入れ、非水電解液(エチレンカーボネートとエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比で1対2に混合した溶媒に、LiPF6を濃度1.2mol/Lで溶解した溶液)を注入した後に、外装体の開口部を封止して電池を作製した。
セパレータを実施例2のセパレータに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして電池を作製した。
セパレータを実施例3のセパレータに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして電池を作製した。
セパレータを比較例2のセパレータに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様にして電池を作製した。
2 ダイヘッド
3 セパレータ
3a 樹脂多孔質膜
3b 耐熱多孔質層
4 バックロール
5 ターンロール
6 乾燥ゾーン
7 粘着テープ
Claims (12)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする樹脂多孔質膜の少なくとも片面に、耐熱性微粒子を主成分として含む耐熱多孔質層を有する電気化学素子用セパレータであって、
前記樹脂多孔質膜の表面張力(濡れ指数)Aが、35mN/m以下であり、
前記耐熱多孔質層が、水系の媒体を含み、かつ表面張力Bが29mN/m未満の耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物により形成されたものであり、
前記表面張力(濡れ指数)Aと前記表面張力Bとの関係が、A>Bであることを特徴とする電気化学素子用セパレータ。 - 前記樹脂多孔質膜と前記耐熱多孔質層との180°での剥離強度が、0.5N/cm以上である請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物は、前記媒体100質量部に対して0.01~2質量部の界面活性剤を含有している請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 前記界面活性剤が、炭化水素系界面活性剤、フッ素系界面活性剤およびシリコーン系界面活性剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項3に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 前記界面活性剤が、前記樹脂多孔質膜の、前記耐熱多孔質層が形成された面とは反対側の表面には存在していない請求項3に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物を塗布した前記樹脂多孔質膜の表面の領域の面積のうち、95%以上において前記耐熱多孔質層が形成されている請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 前記耐熱多孔質層に存在する直径3mm以上のピンホールが、前記耐熱多孔質層の形成部分100cm2あたり1個以下である請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータ。
- 正極、負極、セパレータおよび非水電解液を含む電気化学素子であって、
前記セパレータが、請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータであることを特徴とする電気化学素子。 - 熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とする樹脂多孔質膜の少なくとも片面に、耐熱性微粒子を主成分として含む耐熱多孔質層を有する電気化学素子用セパレータを製造する方法であって、
表面張力(濡れ指数)Aが35mN/m以下の樹脂多孔質膜を準備する工程と、
水系の媒体を含み、かつ表面張力Bが29mN/m未満の耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物を、前記樹脂多孔質膜の表面に塗布し、乾燥して耐熱多孔質層を形成する工程とを含み、
前記表面張力(濡れ指数)Aと前記表面張力Bとの関係を、A>Bとすることを特徴とする電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法。 - 前記耐熱多孔質層形成用組成物は、前記媒体100質量部に対して0.01~2質量部の界面活性剤を含有している請求項9に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、炭化水素系界面活性剤、フッ素系界面活性剤およびシリコーン系界面活性剤よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項10に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、前記樹脂多孔質膜の、前記耐熱多孔質層が形成された面とは反対側の表面には存在していない請求項10に記載の電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法。
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| KR1020127030140A KR101485387B1 (ko) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-03-14 | 전기 화학 소자용 세퍼레이터 및 그것을 사용한 전기 화학 소자, 및 그 전기 화학 소자용 세퍼레이터의 제조 방법 |
| CN201180019053.2A CN102844909B (zh) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-03-14 | 电化学元件用隔膜及使用其的电化学元件、以及该电化学元件用隔膜的制造方法 |
| US13/582,306 US20120328929A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-03-14 | Separator for electrochemical device, electrochemical device using same, and method for producing the separator for electrochemical device |
| JP2012510602A JP5681703B2 (ja) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-03-14 | 電気化学素子用セパレータおよびそれを用いた電気化学素子、並びにその電気化学素子用セパレータの製造方法 |
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| JP2021119569A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2021-08-12 | セルガード エルエルシー | 改良された、被覆された又は処理された微孔質電池セパレータ、充電可能なリチウム電池、システム、並びに関連する製造及び/又は使用方法 |
| JP2023100976A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2023-07-19 | セルガード エルエルシー | 改良された、被覆された又は処理された微孔質電池セパレータ、充電可能なリチウム電池、システム、並びに関連する製造及び/又は使用方法 |
| JP2025124787A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2025-08-26 | セルガード エルエルシー | 改良された、被覆された又は処理された微孔質電池セパレータ、充電可能なリチウム電池、システム、並びに関連する製造及び/又は使用方法 |
| JP2019016436A (ja) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-31 | 宇部マクセル株式会社 | 積層膜ロールおよびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120328929A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| CN102844909A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
| JP5681703B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
| JPWO2011129169A1 (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
| CN102844909B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
| KR20130026444A (ko) | 2013-03-13 |
| KR101485387B1 (ko) | 2015-01-23 |
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