WO2011118214A1 - モータおよびそれを搭載した電気機器 - Google Patents
モータおよびそれを搭載した電気機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011118214A1 WO2011118214A1 PCT/JP2011/001720 JP2011001720W WO2011118214A1 WO 2011118214 A1 WO2011118214 A1 WO 2011118214A1 JP 2011001720 W JP2011001720 W JP 2011001720W WO 2011118214 A1 WO2011118214 A1 WO 2011118214A1
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- Prior art keywords
- motor
- teeth
- stator
- permanent magnet
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/2726—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of a single magnet or two or more axially juxtaposed single magnets
- H02K1/2733—Annular magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor which is a brushless motor provided with a permanent magnet.
- Permanent magnet brushless motors with concentrated windings on each tooth are widely used in home appliances, audio equipment, information equipment, transportation equipment, etc.
- torque pulsation due to the magnetic attractive force between the permanent magnet and the teeth that is, cogging torque is generated, and therefore vibration and noise become a problem.
- the relationship between the number of poles P and the number of teeth Q is P / Q> 0.8
- the relationship between the width bt1 of the teeth tip and the pole pitch ⁇ p is bt1 / ⁇ p ⁇ 0.8.
- Patent Document 3 in a motor with a ratio of the number of poles to the number of teeth of 3: 4, the cogging is performed without reducing the output torque by setting the teeth width to an electrical angle of 145 to 165 degrees and 85 to 105 degrees.
- a method for reducing torque is disclosed.
- positioned on the rotor surface is made into the shape which thickens the thickness of a magnetic pole center part, and makes thickness thin gradually between magnetic poles. According to Patent Document 4, by adopting such a shape, the distribution of the magnetic flux density on the rotor surface is brought close to a sine wave, the cogging torque and the like are reduced, and low vibration and low noise are achieved.
- Patent Document 5 instead of adjusting the magnet shape, the magnet is magnetized in a substantially sinusoidal shape so that the surface magnetic flux waveform is thin, and the surface magnetic flux in the region near the boundary is substantially zero. Magnetized.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228561 reduces the cogging torque and the like, thereby achieving low vibration and low noise.
- a connected split core in which split cores are connected to improve motor efficiency and productivity.
- Such a structure can use the passage space of the winding nozzle without waste, so that it is possible to perform aligned winding and high density winding. Therefore, it is possible to improve torque by increasing the number of turns, reduce motor copper loss, and improve motor efficiency.
- a minute gap is present, resulting in a gap gap and a reduction in torque.
- a shape error occurs in the inner diameter of the split core due to processing accuracy of the split core, assembly error, and the like. As a result, the gap between the stator and the rotor becomes non-uniform, magnetic changes increase, and vibration and noise increase.
- the motor of the present invention is a motor including a rotor having a permanent magnet with P as the number of magnetic poles, and a stator in which M teeth are arranged in the circumferential direction so as to face the permanent magnet via a gap.
- the stator includes a stator core having M teeth and windings wound around each of the teeth. Then, the relationship between the number of poles P and the number of teeth M and (2/3) M ⁇ P ⁇ ( 4/3) M, and M ⁇ P, further, the ratio of the tooth tip width t1 with respect to the stator inner diameter D S ( t1 / D S ) is set to 0.18 ⁇ (t1 / D S ) ⁇ 0.25.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a stator core of the motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a comparison of cogging torque between the motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and a motor as a comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an analysis result of the relationship between the motor efficiency and the ratio (t1 / D S ) in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a surface magnetic flux waveform of the permanent magnet in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an example of an electric device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a motor 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the cross section seen from the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft is shown.
- an example of an inner rotor type brushless motor will be described.
- the motor 10 of this embodiment includes a stator 11 and a rotor 20.
- the stator 11 has a winding 13 wound around a stator core 12.
- the rotor 20 is rotatably arranged on the inner peripheral side of the stator 11.
- the stator core 12 includes an annular yoke 14 and a plurality of teeth 15 that protrude from the yoke 14 toward the inner peripheral side and are arranged in the circumferential direction at equal intervals. At each tip end portion of the tooth 15, a wide tooth width portion 15 a that extends in the circumferential direction is formed. In addition, an opening serving as a slot 16 is formed between adjacent teeth 15 on the inner peripheral side from the yoke 14. A winding 13 is wound around each of the teeth 15 using the opening space of the slot 16. In FIG. 1, the winding 13 having only one tooth 15 is shown. Specifically, the winding 13 is intensively wound around each tooth, for example, generally U, V, and W phases. A three-phase winding called is formed. In the present embodiment, an example is given in which the number of teeth 15, that is, the number of slots 16 is twelve.
- the stator core 12 has a stator integrated core structure instead of the conventional connected split core. Further, the stator core 12 is formed by laminating a plurality of magnetic thin plates in the thickness direction. By adopting such a configuration, there is no gap gap in the divided parts, so there is no torque reduction and the output is larger than the divided core. In the present embodiment, the motor efficiency is improved by taking advantage of the stator integrated core structure. In addition, since the influence of manufacturing errors such as an inner diameter step due to the split core is greatly reduced, the actual cogging torque is reduced, so that the motor is highly efficient, low noise and low vibration.
- the rotor 20 holds the permanent magnets 22 having a plurality of magnetic poles on the outer periphery of the rotor core 21 so that the S poles and the N poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction at equal intervals.
- the rotor 20 is configured to hold the permanent magnet 22 individually for each magnetic pole, or hold a cylindrical ring magnet.
- the rotor 20 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the tooth 15 so that the tooth 15 and the permanent magnet 22 face each other with a predetermined gap. In the present embodiment, an example is given in which the number of magnetic poles by the permanent magnet 22 is ten.
- the rotor 20 is connected to the rotating shaft 24 via the rotor core 21 and is rotatably held around the rotating shaft 24 so as to rotate in the circumferential direction facing the stator 11.
- the motor 10 of the present embodiment has a configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth, with the number of magnetic poles P being 10 poles and the number of teeth M being 12.
- stator core 12 of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the stator core 12 in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the stator inner diameter D S is the inner diameter of the stator core 12
- the teeth tip width t1 is the circumferential width of the teeth 15 the tip of the tooth wider portion 15a, a predetermined relationship
- Each size is defined so as to satisfy.
- the ratio (t1 / D S ) of the teeth tip width t1 to the stator inner diameter D S is set to be 0.18 ⁇ (t1 / D S ) ⁇ 0.25. That is, the ratio (t1 / D S ) is set to be within a range that is larger than 0.18 and smaller than 0.25.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a motor that reduces the cogging torque and suppresses a decrease in efficiency of the motor.
- the configuration of the motor 10 is a 10-pole 12-tooth configuration in which the number of magnetic poles is 10 and the number of teeth is 12.
- Cogging torque is a torque pulsation when no current is applied, and is generated by a change in permeance (reciprocal of magnetic resistance) between the stator slot and the rotor, and is the least common multiple of the number of slots and the number of magnetic poles per revolution. That is, if the least common multiple is large, the permeance change of one pulsation is small, so that the cogging torque is small as the least common multiple is large.
- a configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth (the least common multiple is 60) is selected so that the least common multiple becomes large, and thereby the cogging torque is kept small.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a comparison of cogging torque between the motor 10 of the present embodiment and a motor as a comparative example.
- the present embodiment is a motor 10 having a configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth.
- the motor has a configuration of 8 poles and 12 teeth (the least common multiple is 24).
- FIG. 3 shows the ratio (t1 / D S ) of the tooth tip width t1 to the stator inner diameter D S as the horizontal axis and the cogging torque amplitude when the ratio (t1 / D S ) is changed as the vertical axis. , Shows an analysis calculation result of the relationship between the ratio (t1 / D S ) and the cogging torque amplitude.
- FIG. 3 shows the ratio (t1 / D S ) of the tooth tip width t1 to the stator inner diameter D S as the horizontal axis and the cogging torque amplitude when the ratio (t1 / D S ) is changed as the vertical axis.
- the structure of 8 poles 12 teeth like the comparative example here is generally used as a brushless motor of a fan motor for an air conditioner.
- the motor 10 of the present embodiment As apparent from FIG. 3, when the motor ratio of Comparative Example the ratio of the motor 10 of the embodiment (t1 / D S) and (t1 / D S) is the same value, the motor 10 of the present embodiment It can be seen that the cogging torque is smaller than the cogging torque of the motor of the comparative example. Further, when the ratio (t1 / D S ) is changed from 0.16 to 0.26, the cogging torque of the motor of the comparative example changes about four times, whereas the cogging of the motor 10 according to the present embodiment. The torque changes approximately twice. In a fan motor for an air conditioner, generally, if the cogging torque is about 2 mNm or less, the noise due to the cogging torque has almost no problem in practical use.
- the cogging torque of the motor of the comparative example becomes larger than 2 mNm in the substantially same range (0.175 ⁇ (t1 / D S ) ⁇ 0.25) of the ratio (t1 / D S ), and the ratio (t1 / T 1 It can be seen that D S ) deteriorates about 5 times around 0.19. That is, in the motor of the comparative example, it is difficult to realize low vibration and low noise in substantially the same range (0.175 ⁇ (t1 / D S ) ⁇ 0.25) of the ratio (t1 / D S ).
- a motor with less cogging torque can be configured by using a configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth. Further, in the case of the configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth like the motor 10 of the present embodiment, in order to reduce the influence of the cogging torque, the ratio (t1 / D S ) may be configured to exceed 0.175. preferable.
- loss due to copper loss and iron loss is known as a factor that reduces the efficiency of the motor.
- the width of the wide teeth portion 15a is increased, the facing area with respect to the permanent magnet 22 increases, and the amount of magnetic flux ⁇ to the stator core 12 increases. Then, when the torque T is the same torque, the motor current I decreases as the width of the teeth wide portion 15a increases. For this reason, the copper loss Wcu decreases as the width of the wide teeth portion 15a increases.
- the iron loss Wfe is proportional to the magnetic flux density B and the rotational speed f. Then, the iron loss Wfe changes when the value of the magnetic flux density B changes when the rotation speed f is the same.
- the wider the teeth wide portion 15a the easier it is to take in the magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux density B increases. Since the iron loss Wfe is proportional to the magnetic flux density B, the iron loss Wfe increases as the width of the wide tooth portion 15a increases.
- the efficiency of the motor depends on the total loss of copper loss and iron loss. In other words, when considering the loss, the loss due to copper loss is dominant when the width of the wide teeth portion 15a is narrow, and the loss due to iron loss is dominant when the width of the wide teeth portion 15a is wide.
- the ratio of the tooth tip width t1 with respect to the stator inner diameter D S (t1 / D S) is within a predetermined range, and defines the size of the stator inner diameter D S and the tooth tip width t1 ing. That is, by increasing the stator inner diameter D S, the diameter of the rotor 20 can also be increased, with the greater amount of magnetic flux to the stator core 12 from permanent magnet 22, the tooth tip width t1 can be increased. Therefore, by increasing the stator inner diameter D S, can increase the permanent magnet facing the area of the tooth wide part 15a, it is possible to suppress the above-mentioned copper loss.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an analysis result of the relationship between the motor efficiency and the ratio (t1 / D S ) in the motor 10 of the present embodiment.
- the maximum efficiency is obtained when the ratio (t1 / D S ) is around 0.215. Then, the highest point on the border, the motor efficiency decreases according to the ratio (t1 / D S) is smaller, the value of the motor efficiency is reduced also according to the ratio (t1 / D S) is increased.
- the cogging torque is suppressed to be small by adopting the configuration of 10 poles and 12 teeth. Furthermore, the ratio (t1 / D S ) is set within a range that is larger than 0.18 and smaller than 0.25 to suppress a decrease in motor efficiency.
- the winding 13 wound around the tooth 15 preferably has a space factor of 60% or more. That is, the winding efficiency of the winding 13 wound around the stator 11 is equal to or higher than that of a split core motor having the same shape by setting the space factor of the winding to the slot area to be 60% or more.
- stator 11 of the motor 10 is preferably molded with resin. That is, by molding the stator 11 of the motor 10 with resin, the rigidity of the entire stator can be increased, the resonance vibration of the motor can be reduced, and the motor can be further improved in efficiency, noise, and vibration.
- a configuration example in which a cylindrical ring magnet is held as the permanent magnet 22 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a magnet having another shape, for example, a segment magnet. May be.
- the rotor of the ring magnet is composed of a single magnet, the magnet can be easily fixed and reliable, and the assembly cost can be reduced.
- a permanent magnet is a ring-shaped magnet.
- the permanent magnet 22 is preferably a rare earth bonded magnet. By making the permanent magnet 22 a rare earth bonded magnet, the magnetic force is stronger than that of the sintered ferrite magnet, so that the output can be improved and the motor can be made smaller and more efficient.
- the permanent magnet 22 has a surface magnetic flux waveform magnetized in a substantially rectangular shape in the circumferential direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the surface magnetic flux waveform is magnetized in a substantially rectangular shape in the circumferential direction with respect to the permanent magnet 22 so that a larger amount of magnetic flux can be captured than the substantially sinusoidal magnetization. Can be used effectively, and the motor can be made more efficient.
- the electric device can realize low vibration, low noise, and high efficiency.
- the relationship between the number of magnetic poles P and the number of teeth M is (2/3) M ⁇ P ⁇ (4/3) M and M ⁇ P.
- the motor cogging torque is reduced.
- the ratio (t1 / D S ) of the tooth tip width t1 to the stator inner diameter D S is 0.18 ⁇ (t1 / D S ) ⁇ 0.25.
- the efficiency of the motor is improved.
- the present invention realizes a highly efficient motor that reduces the cogging torque and reduces the efficiency of the motor.
- a motor 201 is mounted in the casing 211 of the indoor unit 210.
- a cross flow fan 212 is attached to the rotating shaft of the motor 201.
- the motor 201 is driven by the driving device 213.
- the motor 201 is rotated by energization from the driving device 213, and the crossflow fan 212 is rotated accordingly.
- air conditioned by an indoor unit heat exchanger (not shown) is blown into the room.
- the motor 10 of the first embodiment can be applied to the motor 201.
- the electrical device of the present invention includes a motor and a housing in which the motor is mounted, and employs the motor of the present invention having the above-described configuration as the motor.
- the motor mounted on the indoor unit of the air conditioner is taken up as an example of the electric device according to the present invention.
- the motor of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner the water heater, the washing machine, etc. It is also applicable to motors mounted on various information devices and motors used in industrial devices.
- the motor according to the present invention can reduce cogging torque and suppress a decrease in efficiency, thereby providing a motor with low vibration, low noise, and high efficiency. Suitable for applications that require low noise and high efficiency.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1におけるモータ10を説明する図である。図1では、回転軸の長手方向から見た断面を示している。本実施の形態ではインナロータ型のブラシレスモータの一例を挙げて説明する。
本発明にかかる電気機器の例として、まず、空調機の室内機の構成を実施の形態2として、詳細に説明する。
11 ステータ
12 ステータコア
13 巻線
14 ヨーク
15 ティース
15a ティース幅広部
16 スロット
20 ロータ
21 ロータコア
22 永久磁石
24 回転軸
210 室内機
211 筐体
212 クロスフローファン
213 駆動装置
Claims (8)
- 磁極数をPとする永久磁石を有するロータと、前記永久磁石に空隙を介して対向するように周方向にM個のティースを配置したステータとを備えたモータであって、
前記ステータは、前記M個のティースを備えたステータコアと、前記ティースそれぞれに巻回した巻線とを含み、
前記磁極数Pと前記ティース数Mとの関係を、
(2/3)M<P<(4/3)M、かつM≠Pとし、
ステータ内径DSに対するティース先端部幅t1の比(t1/DS)を、
0.18<(t1/DS)<0.25としたことを特徴とするモータ。 - 前記ステータコアは、複数の磁性薄板を厚さ方向に積層して構成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 前記ティースに巻回されている巻線は、占積率が60%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 前記ステータは樹脂でモールドされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 前記永久磁石は、リング磁石であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 前記永久磁石は、希土類ボンド磁石であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 前記永久磁石は周方向に表面磁束波形が略矩形上に着磁されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ。
- 請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のモータを搭載したことを特徴とする電気機器。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012506853A JP5816822B2 (ja) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | モータおよびそれを搭載した電気機器 |
US13/636,303 US9502928B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | Motor design for reducing cogging torque and torque ripple while maintaining efficiency |
CN2011800158452A CN102823118A (zh) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | 电动机及搭载了该电动机的电气设备 |
US15/266,587 US10348141B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2016-09-15 | Motor with rotor and stator dimensions for reducing cogging torque and torque ripple |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010069616 | 2010-03-25 | ||
JP2010-069616 | 2010-03-25 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/636,303 A-371-Of-International US9502928B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | Motor design for reducing cogging torque and torque ripple while maintaining efficiency |
US15/266,587 Continuation US10348141B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2016-09-15 | Motor with rotor and stator dimensions for reducing cogging torque and torque ripple |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011118214A1 true WO2011118214A1 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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PCT/JP2011/001720 WO2011118214A1 (ja) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | モータおよびそれを搭載した電気機器 |
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US (2) | US9502928B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5816822B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN106877615B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011118214A1 (ja) |
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JP2019030166A (ja) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-21 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | モータ |
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Also Published As
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US9502928B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
CN102823118A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
CN106877615B (zh) | 2020-03-13 |
US20130076195A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
JPWO2011118214A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
JP5816822B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
CN106877615A (zh) | 2017-06-20 |
US10348141B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
US20170005536A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
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