WO2011115090A1 - ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 - Google Patents
ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011115090A1 WO2011115090A1 PCT/JP2011/056004 JP2011056004W WO2011115090A1 WO 2011115090 A1 WO2011115090 A1 WO 2011115090A1 JP 2011056004 W JP2011056004 W JP 2011056004W WO 2011115090 A1 WO2011115090 A1 WO 2011115090A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- porous film
- film
- battery
- stretching
- polypropylene resin
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- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 HIEHAIZHJZLEPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OKUCEQDKBKYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-(methylamino)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CNC1CCN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1 OKUCEQDKBKYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous film mainly composed of a polypropylene resin. Specifically, the present invention relates to a porous film that can be used as various separation membranes used for packaging, hygiene, livestock, agriculture, construction, or medical use, or as a light diffusion plate, battery separator, or the like. Especially, it is related with the porous film which can be utilized suitably as a separator for nonaqueous electrolysis batteries.
- the polymer porous film with a large number of fine communication holes is used for separation membranes used in the production of ultrapure water, purification of chemicals, water treatment, waterproof and moisture-permeable films used for clothing and sanitary materials, and batteries. It is used in various fields as a battery separator to be used.
- Secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices such as OA, FA, household appliances or communication devices.
- lithium ion secondary batteries have a high volumetric efficiency when mounted on equipment, leading to miniaturization and weight reduction of the equipment.
- lithium ion secondary batteries are a type of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and are excellent in terms of large capacity, high output, high voltage, and long-term storage, so that they include load leveling, UPS, and electric vehicles.
- load leveling UPS
- electric vehicles In many fields related to energy and environmental problems, research and development are being carried out for large-sized secondary batteries.
- the working voltage of a lithium ion secondary battery is usually designed with an upper limit of 4.1V to 4.2V.
- the aqueous solution causes electrolysis and cannot be used as an electrolyte.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution using an organic solvent is used as an electrolytic solution that can withstand even a high voltage.
- a solvent for this type of non-aqueous electrolyte a high dielectric constant organic solvent capable of causing more lithium ions to be present is used.
- organic carbonate compounds such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are mainly used. in use.
- As a supporting electrolyte that becomes a lithium ion source in a solvent a solution in which a highly reactive electrolyte such as lithium hexafluorophosphate is dissolved in a solvent is used.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode from the viewpoint of preventing an internal short circuit. Due to its role, the separator is required to have insulating properties and air permeability as a lithium ion passage, and to have a microporous structure in order to impart a function of diffusing and holding the electrolytic solution. In order to satisfy these requirements, a porous film is used as a separator.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-248231 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-30683 (Patent Document 2) disclose a separator having a high porosity.
- a general secondary battery is assembled as a battery by stacking positive and negative electrodes and two separators to form a wound body, which is then sealed in a metal tube.
- the separator disclosed in the related art is subject to clogging due to deformation of the pores because a large tension is applied to the separator when it is wound at a high speed in order to improve productivity in the winding process of making the wound body. This caused the battery performance to deteriorate.
- a porous film having a high porosity is easily deformed by an external force, and this problem has been an important solution.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new porous film that maintains sufficient communication even when tension is applied.
- the present invention relates to a porous polypropylene-based resin characterized by satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2) with respect to the air permeability (Pa) before stretching and the air permeability (Pa ′) at 5% stretching: Propose a film.
- Pa ′ is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less
- Pa ′ / Pa is 1.5 or less
- the polypropylene resin porous film proposed by the present invention has characteristics that can maintain sufficient communication even when tension is applied.
- the polypropylene resin porous film can be wound at high speed in the winding process. Even if it is turned, battery characteristics such as clogging can be prevented from being deteriorated.
- the present porous film a polypropylene resin porous film (hereinafter referred to as “the present porous film”) as an example of the embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described.
- the air permeability (Pa) of the present porous film that is, the air permeability (Pa) before stretching is preferably 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less, more preferably 10 seconds / 100 ml or more or 900 seconds / 100 ml or less. Among these, 50 seconds / 100 ml or more or 800 seconds / 100 ml or less is particularly preferable. If the air permeability Pa is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less, it is preferable that the porous film has sufficient communication properties and excellent air permeability can be exhibited.
- the air permeability represents the difficulty of air passage in the film thickness direction, and is specifically expressed by a numerical value necessary for 100 ml of air to pass through the film. Therefore, it means that the smaller the numerical value is, the easier it is to pass through, and the higher numerical value is, the more difficult it is to pass. In other words, a smaller value means better communication in the thickness direction of the film, and a larger value means poor communication in the thickness direction of the film.
- the term “communication” refers to the degree of connection of holes in the film thickness direction.
- a polypropylene resin having ⁇ crystal activity is used, or production conditions such as extrusion molding conditions and stretching conditions are controlled. Means can be cited as an example.
- the air permeability (Pa ′) at 5% elongation is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less, preferably 900 seconds / 100 ml or less, more preferably 800 seconds / 100 ml or less. It is.
- Pa ′ is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less, it indicates that there is sufficient communication.
- the lower limit of the air permeability Pa ′ is not particularly limited. It is preferably 10 seconds / 100 ml or more, and more preferably 50 seconds / 100 ml or more.
- the air permeability at 5% elongation is a value measured by the method described in the examples.
- the means (i) can be realized by adjusting the composition of raw materials, stretching conditions, etc., in order to lower the porosity or increase the tensile elastic modulus.
- the means (ii) can be realized by making the shape of the holes isotropic to prevent the holes from being blocked by expansion and deformation.
- the means (iii) can be realized by increasing the hole diameter, increasing the porosity, selecting the opening method, and controlling the porous structure. In this way, sufficient communication holes can be secured even if the connectivity of the porous structure due to stretching deformation deteriorates.
- Pa '/ Pa about this porous film, it is important that Pa '/ Pa is 1.5 or less, 1.4 or less is preferable and 1.3 or less is more preferable.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited. Preferably it is 0.8 or more, and more preferably 0.9 or more. If the Pa ′ / Pa is 1.5 or less, even when the porous film is tensioned, such as when the porous film is wound into a roll, the porous structure of the porous film is deformed. It is possible to sufficiently suppress deterioration of physical properties. By suppressing the deterioration of physical properties due to the deformation of the porous structure, sufficient air permeability and porosity can be ensured when the present porous film is used for secondary applications.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is produced using a wound product obtained by laminating an electrode and a battery separator.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery exhibits good membrane electrical resistance, suppresses deterioration of battery characteristics such as clogging, and can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte battery that can be used for a long time.
- the porosity is preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 40% or more.
- the porosity is 30% or more, a laminated porous film having excellent air permeability characteristics can be obtained while ensuring communication.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited. Preferably it is 90% or less, and more preferably 80% or less. If the porosity is 90% or less, the strength of the present porous film is unlikely to decrease, which is preferable from the viewpoint of secondary workability.
- a porosity is a value measured by the method as described in an Example.
- the present porous film preferably has a tensile elastic modulus at 3% elongation of 350 MPa or more, and more preferably 400 MPa or more. If the tensile elastic modulus at the time of 3% elongation is 350 MPa or more, the pore deformation of the porous film can be more sufficiently suppressed when the porous film is wound into a roll. Therefore, when using this porous film for a secondary use, sufficient air permeability and porosity can be ensured. For example, when the porous film is used as a battery separator, the produced non-aqueous electrolyte battery can suppress clogging of pores of the battery separator and deterioration of battery characteristics due to precipitation of ions.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of flexibility and secondary workability, it is preferably 2000 MPa or less, more preferably 1500 MPa or less, and even more preferably 1000 MPa or less.
- the tensile modulus at 3% elongation is a value measured by the method described in the examples.
- the film thickness of the present porous film is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more or 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the porous film is 5 ⁇ m or more, substantially necessary electrical insulation can be obtained.
- the battery Since it is possible to prevent a short circuit by breaking through the separator for use, it is possible to improve safety.
- the electrical resistance of a laminated porous film can be made small if a film thickness is 100 micrometers or less, the performance of a battery can fully be ensured.
- the porous film preferably has ⁇ crystal activity.
- the ⁇ crystal activity can be regarded as an index indicating that the polypropylene resin produced ⁇ crystals in the film-like material before stretching. If the polypropylene resin in the film-like material before stretching produces ⁇ crystals, even when not using an additive such as a filler, micropores can be easily formed by stretching, A polypropylene resin porous film having air permeability can be obtained.
- the crystal melting peak temperature derived from the ⁇ crystal is detected by a differential scanning calorimeter described later, or by measurement using an X-ray diffractometer described later.
- a diffraction peak derived from a crystal it can be determined that it has “ ⁇ crystal activity”.
- the porous film is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min for 1 minute, and then cooled from 240 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a cooling rate of 10 ° C./min. Was maintained for 1 minute after the temperature was lowered, and when the temperature was raised again from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, a crystal melting peak temperature (Tm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin was detected. In this case, it can be determined that the compound has ⁇ crystal activity.
- the amount of heat of crystal melting derived from the ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) detected mainly in the range of 145 ° C. or higher and lower than 160 ° C., and mainly detected at 160 ° C. or higher and 170 ° C. or lower. It can be calculated from the heat of crystal fusion derived from the ⁇ crystal ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ).
- the ⁇ -crystal activity of the present porous film is preferably large, and the ⁇ -crystal activity is preferably 20% or more. More preferably, it is 40% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. If this porous film has a ⁇ crystal activity of 20% or more, many ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin can be generated even in the film before stretching, and many fine and uniform pores are formed by stretching. As a result, a separator for a lithium ion lithium battery having high mechanical strength and excellent air permeability can be obtained.
- the upper limit of ⁇ crystal activity is not particularly limited. The higher the ⁇ crystal activity, the more effectively the effect is obtained.
- the ⁇ crystal activity is determined when the porous film has a single-layer structure, or when other porous layers are laminated. Can be measured. Temporarily, when laminating
- ⁇ crystal activity there are a method of adding polypropylene subjected to a treatment for generating peroxide radicals as described in Japanese Patent No. 37394811, a method of adding a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent to the composition, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- This porous film may be a single layer or a laminate. It is preferable to laminate two or more layers.
- the layer structure of the present porous film is not particularly limited as long as at least one layer containing a polypropylene resin (hereinafter referred to as “A layer”) is present.
- other layers hereinafter referred to as “B layer” can be laminated as long as the function of the present porous film is not hindered.
- the B layer include a strength retention layer, a heat-resistant layer (high melting temperature resin layer), and a shutdown layer (low melting temperature resin layer).
- a low melting point resin layer that closes the hole in a high-temperature atmosphere as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-181651 and laminates a low melting point resin layer that ensures the safety of the battery is laminated on the A layer. It is preferable.
- a two-layer structure in which A layer / B layer is laminated, a three-layer structure in which A layer / B layer / A layer are laminated, and the like can be exemplified.
- the layers having other functions can be combined with a form such as three types and three layers.
- the order of lamination with layers having other functions is not particularly limited, but the surface layer of the porous film is more preferably an A layer. If necessary, the number of layers may be 4, 5, 6, or 7.
- the physical properties of the present porous film can be freely adjusted by the layer configuration, lamination ratio, composition of each layer, and production method.
- the A layer can be produced by, for example, extruding a resin composition containing a polypropylene-based resin and a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent to produce a nonporous film-like material, and performing predetermined stretching. Therefore, here, the polypropylene resin and the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent will be described.
- the manufacturing method of said A layer is an illustration to the last, and the manufacturing method of A layer is not limited to this manufacturing method.
- polypropylene resin examples include homopropylene (propylene homopolymer), or propylene and ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene or 1 -Random copolymers or block copolymers with ⁇ -olefins such as decene.
- homopolypropylene is more preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining the mechanical strength and heat resistance of the polypropylene resin porous film.
- the polypropylene resin preferably has an isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) exhibiting stereoregularity of 80 to 99%.
- a more preferable isotactic pentad fraction is 83 to 98%, and still more preferably 85 to 97%. If the isotactic pentad fraction is too low, the mechanical strength of the film may be reduced.
- the upper limit of the isotactic pentad fraction is defined by the upper limit value obtained industrially at the present time. In the case where a resin having higher regularity is developed in the industrial level in the future, it is not limited to the upper limit value.
- the isotactic pentad fraction (mmmm fraction) is the same as the main chain of carbon-carbon bonds composed of any five consecutive propylene units, but all of the five methyl groups in the side chain are the same. It means the proportion of the three-dimensional structure located in the direction. Signal assignment of the methyl group region is as follows. Determined according to Zambelli et al (Macromolecules 8,687, (1975)).
- Mw / Mn which is a parameter indicating a molecular weight distribution
- the Mw / Mn is more preferably 2.0 to 8.0, still more preferably 2.0 to 6.0.
- Small Mw / Mn means that the molecular weight distribution is narrow.
- Mw / Mn is less than 2.0, problems such as deterioration in extrusion moldability occur, and it is difficult to produce industrially.
- Mw / Mn exceeds 10.0, low molecular weight components increase, and the mechanical strength of the porous film tends to decrease.
- Said Mw / Mn is a value measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited. Usually, the MFR is preferably 0.5 to 15 g / 10 min, more preferably 1.0 to 10 g / 10 min. When the MFR is 0.5 g / 10 min or more, the resin has a high melt viscosity at the time of molding, and sufficient productivity can be ensured. On the other hand, the mechanical strength of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film can be sufficiently maintained by setting it to 15 g / 10 min or less.
- the above MFR is a value measured under conditions of a temperature of 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg according to JIS K7210.
- the manufacturing method of the said polypropylene resin is not specifically limited.
- a known polymerization method using a known polymerization catalyst for example, a polymerization method using a multi-site catalyst typified by a Ziegler-Natta type catalyst or a single-site catalyst typified by a metallocene catalyst can be mentioned.
- polypropylene resin examples include trade names “Novatech PP” “WINTEC” (manufactured by Nippon Polypro), “Versify” “Notio” “Tafmer XR” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), “Zeras” “Thermolan” (Mitsubishi Chemical) ), “Sumitomo Noblen”, “Tough Selenium” (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical), “Prime TPO” (manufactured by Prime Polymer), “Adflex”, “Adsyl”, “HMS-PP (PF814)” (manufactured by Sun Aroma) Commercially available products such as “Inspire” (Dow Chemical) can be used.
- the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent used in the porous film can be arbitrarily used as long as it increases the generation and growth of ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin, and one type can be used alone or two or more types can be used. It can also be used together.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent examples include amide compounds; tetraoxaspiro compounds; quinacridones; iron oxides having a nanoscale size; potassium 1,2-hydroxystearate, magnesium benzoate or magnesium succinate, magnesium phthalate, etc.
- Alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids represented by: aromatic sulfonic acid compounds represented by sodium benzenesulfonate or sodium naphthalenesulfonate; di- or triesters of dibasic or tribasic carboxylic acids; phthalocyanine blue Phthalocyanine pigments typified by: a two-component compound comprising component A which is an organic dibasic acid and a component B which is an oxide, hydroxide or salt of a Group IIA metal of the periodic table; a cyclic phosphorus compound; Made of magnesium compound Such as the formation thereof.
- specific types of nucleating agents are described in JP-A No. 2003-306585, JP-A No. 06-289656, and JP-A No. 09-194650.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agent Commercially available products of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent include, for example, ⁇ crystal nucleating agent “NJESTER NU-100” manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., and specific examples of polypropylene resins to which ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is added include polypropylene “ Bepol B-022SP ”, Borealis polypropylene“ Beta ( ⁇ ) -PP ” BE60-7032, "Mayzo's polypropylene” BNX BETAPP-LN ", and the like.
- the proportion of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent added to the polypropylene resin is preferably adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent or the composition of the polypropylene resin. From such a viewpoint, the ratio of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is preferably 0.0001 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polypropylene resin. 0.001 to 3.0 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.01 to 1.0 part by mass is still more preferable.
- ⁇ -crystals of polypropylene resin can be sufficiently produced and grown at the time of production, and sufficient ⁇ -crystal activity can be secured even when used as a battery separator, so that the desired permeability can be ensured. Qi performance is obtained.
- Addition of 5.0 parts by mass or less is preferable because it is economically advantageous and there is no bleeding of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent on the surface of the polypropylene resin porous film.
- the amount of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent added to each layer may be the same or different.
- the porous structure of each layer can be appropriately adjusted by changing the addition amount of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent.
- additives generally blended in the resin composition can be appropriately added within a range that does not significantly impair the effects of the present invention.
- the additive for example, recycled resin generated from trimming loss such as ears, inorganic particles such as silica, talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, pigments such as titanium oxide, carbon black, flame retardant, weather resistance stabilizer, Heat stabilizer, antistatic agent, melt viscosity improver, crosslinking agent, lubricant, nucleating agent, plasticizer, anti-aging agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber, neutralizer, antifogging agent, anti-blocking Additives added for the purpose of improving / adjusting molding processability, productivity, and other physical properties, such as agents, slip agents, and coloring agents.
- the B layer can be produced by, for example, extruding a resin composition containing a polyethylene-based resin and a porosity promoting compound to produce a nonporous film-like material, and performing predetermined stretching. Then, the polyethylene resin and the porosity promoting compound will be described next.
- the manufacturing method of said B layer is an illustration to the last, Comprising: The manufacturing method of B layer is not limited to this manufacturing method.
- polyethylene resin examples include not only ultra-low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and homopolymer polyethylene such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene characterized by molecular weight, but also ethylene propylene copolymer. Examples thereof include a combination polyethylene or a copolymer polyethylene of a polyethylene resin and another polypropylene resin. Among these, homopolymer polyethylene or copolymer polyethylene having an ⁇ -olefin comonomer content of 2 mol% or less is preferable, and homopolymer polyethylene is more preferable. There are no particular restrictions on the type of ⁇ -olefin comonomer.
- the polyethylene resin preferably has a density of 0.910 to 0.970 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.930 to 0.970 g / cm 3 , and of these, 0.940 to 0 More preferably, it is 970 g / cm 3 .
- a density of 0.910 g / cm 3 or more is preferable because it can have appropriate SD characteristics.
- it is 0.970 g / cm 3 or less it is preferable in that it can have an appropriate SD characteristic and the stretchability is maintained.
- the density of the polyethylene resin can be measured according to JIS K7112 using a density gradient tube method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polyethylene resin is not particularly limited. Usually, the MFR is preferably 0.03 to 30 g / 10 min, and more preferably 0.3 to 10 g / 10 min. An MFR of 0.03 g / 10 min or more is preferable because the melt viscosity of the resin at the time of molding is sufficiently low and the productivity is excellent. On the other hand, if it is 30 g / 10 minutes or less, since sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained, it is preferable. MFR can be measured in accordance with JIS K7210 under conditions of a temperature of 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
- polymerization of a polyethylene-type resin there is no restriction
- any of a Ziegler type catalyst, a Philips type catalyst, a Kaminsky type catalyst or the like may be used.
- a polymerization method of the polyethylene resin there are a one-stage polymerization, a two-stage polymerization, or a multistage polymerization more than that, and any method of the polyethylene resin can be used.
- Porosification promoting compound It is preferable to add a porosity promoting compound to the polyethylene resin. By adding the porosity promoting compound, a porous structure can be obtained more efficiently, and the shape and diameter of the pores can be easily controlled.
- the porosity promoting compound is not particularly limited. Specifically, it is preferable that at least one of a porosity promoting compound selected from a modified polyolefin resin, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin or a modified product thereof, an ethylene copolymer, or a wax is included. . Among these, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin or a modified product thereof, an ethylene copolymer, or a wax that can obtain a further effect regarding porosity is more preferable, and a wax is more preferable from the viewpoint of moldability.
- Examples of alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resins and modified products thereof include petroleum resins, rosin resins, terpene resins, coumarone resins, indene resins, coumarone-indene resins, and modified products thereof.
- the above petroleum resins are C4 to C10 aliphatic olefins and diolefins obtained from by-products such as thermal decomposition of naphtha, and C8 or more aromatic compounds having an olefinically unsaturated bond. It includes aliphatic, aromatic and copolymer petroleum resins obtained by singly or copolymerizing one or more of the compounds contained therein.
- Examples of petroleum resins include aliphatic petroleum resins mainly containing C5 fraction, aromatic petroleum resins mainly containing C9 fraction, copolymer petroleum resins thereof, and alicyclic petroleum resins.
- Examples of terpene resins include terpene resins and terpene-phenol resins from ⁇ -pinene
- examples of rosin resins include rosin resins such as gum rosin and utdrodine, and esterified rosin resins modified with glycerin and pentaerythritol. it can.
- the alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin and the modified product thereof exhibit good compatibility when mixed with a polyethylene resin, but a petroleum resin is more preferable from the viewpoint of color tone and thermal stability, and a hydrogenated petroleum resin is particularly used. More preferably.
- the hydrogenated petroleum resin is obtained by hydrogenating petroleum resin by a conventional method. Examples thereof include hydrogenated aliphatic petroleum resins, hydrogenated aromatic petroleum resins, hydrogenated copolymer petroleum resins and hydrogenated alicyclic petroleum resins, and hydrogenated terpene resins.
- hydrogenated petroleum resins hydrogenated alicyclic petroleum resins obtained by copolymerizing and hydrogenating a cyclopentadiene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound are particularly preferable.
- Examples of commercially available hydrogenated petroleum resins include “ALCON” (manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Industries).
- the ethylene copolymer exemplified as the porosity promoting compound in the above is a copolymer of ethylene and one or more of vinyl acetate, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid ester and the like. It is a compound obtained by this.
- the ethylene copolymer preferably has an ethylene monomer unit content of 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and still more preferably 65% by mass or more.
- the content of ethylene monomer units is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 90% by mass or less, and further preferably 85% by mass or less. If the content of the ethylene monomer unit is within a predetermined range, a porous structure can be formed more efficiently.
- ethylene copolymer those having an MFR (JIS K7210, temperature: 190 ° C., load: 2.16 kg) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min are preferably used. If the MFR is 0.1 g / 10 min or more, the extrudability can be maintained satisfactorily. On the other hand, if the MFR is 10 g / 10 min or less, the strength of the film is hardly lowered, which is preferable.
- MFR JIS K7210, temperature: 190 ° C., load: 2.16 kg
- ethylene copolymer examples include “EVAFLEX” (Mitsui DuPont, manufactured by Polychemical Co., Ltd.) and “Novatech EVA” (manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
- EVAFLEX Mitsubishi Chemical Company
- Novatech EVA manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.
- NUC Copolymer Nippon Unicar
- Evaflex-EAA Mitsubishi-EAA
- REXPEARL EAA Nippon Ethylene
- the wax exemplified as the porosity promoting compound in the above is an organic compound satisfying the following properties (a) and (b).
- the melting point is 40 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the melt viscosity at a temperature 10 ° C. higher than the melting point is 50 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- wax used herein means a polar or nonpolar wax, a polypropylene wax, a polyethylene wax, and a wax modifier.
- paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and microcrystalline wax are preferable from the viewpoint of efficiently forming a porous structure, and microcrystalline wax modifier.
- Examples of commercially available polyethylene wax include “FT-115” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa), and examples of microcrystalline wax include “Hi-Mic” (manufactured by Nippon Seiwa).
- the compounding amount of the porosity promoting compound is 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyethylene resin contained in one layer when the interface between the polyethylene resin and the porosity promoting compound is peeled to form micropores. In particular, it is more preferably 5 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 10 parts by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 40 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 30 parts by mass or less.
- Rubber component such as thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic elastomer, etc., as long as it does not impair the thermal characteristics of the porous film, specifically the porosity, in addition to polyethylene resin and porosity promoting compound May be added.
- additives or other components that are generally blended in the resin composition may be included.
- the additive examples include recycled resin generated from trimming loss such as ears, inorganic particles such as silica, talc, kaolin and calcium carbonate, pigments such as titanium oxide and carbon black, flame retardant, weather resistance stabilizer, heat resistance Stabilizer, antistatic agent, melt viscosity improver, crosslinking agent, lubricant, nucleating agent, plasticizer, anti-aging agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer, UV absorber, neutralizer, antifogging agent, antiblocking agent Additives added for the purpose of improving and adjusting molding processability, productivity and other physical properties, such as slip agents and colorants.
- the nucleating agent is preferable because it has an effect of controlling the crystal structure of the polyethylene-based resin and reducing the porous structure at the time of stretching and opening.
- a method for producing the nonporous film-like material is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- dissolving a thermoplastic resin composition using an extruder, extruding from T-die, and cooling and solidifying with a cast roll is mentioned.
- the method of cutting open the film-like thing manufactured by the tubular method and making it planar is also applicable.
- sequential biaxial stretching is preferably employed from the viewpoint of controlling the porous structure.
- the method (b) it is preferable to use the method (b) from the viewpoint of simplicity of the process and productivity, and in particular, in order to ensure the two-layer interlayer adhesion, the laminated nonporous film is formed by coextrusion.
- a method of forming a porous material and then making it porous is particularly preferable.
- a mixed resin composition of a polypropylene resin and, if necessary, a thermoplastic resin and additives is prepared.
- raw materials such as polypropylene resin, ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, and other additives as required, preferably using Henschel mixer, super mixer, tumbler type mixer, etc., or by hand-blending all ingredients in a bag
- the mixture is melt-kneaded with a single-screw or twin-screw extruder, a kneader or the like, preferably a twin-screw extruder, and then cut to obtain pellets.
- the pellets are put into an extruder and extruded from a T-die extrusion die to form a film.
- the type of T die is not particularly limited.
- the T die may be a multi-manifold type for two types and three layers or a feed block type for two types and three layers.
- the gap of the T die to be used is determined from the final required film thickness, stretching conditions, draft ratio, various conditions, etc., but is generally about 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.5. -1.0 mm. If it is less than 0.1 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production speed, and if it is more than 3.0 mm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of production stability because the draft rate increases.
- the extrusion processing temperature is appropriately adjusted depending on the flow characteristics and moldability of the resin composition.
- the temperature is preferably from 180 to 350 ° C, more preferably from 200 to 330 ° C, still more preferably from 220 to 300 ° C.
- 180 degreeC or more since the viscosity of molten resin is low enough, it is excellent in the moldability, and it is preferable from productivity improving.
- by setting the temperature to 350 ° C. or lower it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the resin composition, and hence the mechanical strength of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film.
- the cooling and solidification temperature of the cast roll is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 90 to 145 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 130 ° C.
- the temperature is preferable because troubles such as the extruded molten resin sticking to and wound around the cast roll hardly occur and the film can be efficiently formed into a film.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio can be sufficiently increased and a sufficient porosity can be obtained.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio of the polypropylene resin of the film-like material before stretching is 30 to 100% by setting a cast roll in the above temperature range. More preferably, it is 40 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100%, and most preferably 60 to 100%.
- a porous polypropylene-based resin film having good air permeability can be obtained because it is easily made porous by a subsequent stretching operation.
- the ⁇ crystal ratio in the film before stretching is detected when the film is heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min using a differential scanning calorimeter. It is calculated by the following formula using the crystal melting calorie ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal and the crystal melting calorie ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ ) derived from the ⁇ crystal of the polypropylene resin (A).
- ⁇ crystal ratio (%) [ ⁇ Hm ⁇ / ( ⁇ Hm ⁇ + ⁇ Hm ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- uniaxial stretching may be performed in the longitudinal direction or the transverse direction, or biaxial stretching may be performed.
- biaxial stretching simultaneous biaxial stretching may be sufficient and sequential biaxial stretching may be sufficient.
- the obtained nonporous film-like material is at least biaxially stretched.
- Biaxial stretching may be simultaneous biaxial stretching or sequential biaxial stretching, but the stretching conditions (magnification, temperature) can be easily selected in each stretching step, and the porous structure can be easily controlled. Biaxial stretching is more preferable.
- the longitudinal direction of the film-like material and the film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral direction”.
- stretching in the longitudinal direction is referred to as “longitudinal stretching”
- stretching in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral stretching”.
- the stretching temperature and the like are preferably changed as appropriate depending on the composition of the resin composition used, the crystal melting peak temperature, the crystallinity, etc.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal stretching is generally preferably from 0 to 160 ° C, more preferably from 10 to 155 ° C, still more preferably from 20 to 150 ° C.
- the lower limit is preferably 1.2 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more, and still more preferably 1.8 times or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 times or less, more preferably 8 times or less, and even more preferably 7 times or less.
- the stretching temperature in transverse stretching is generally preferably from 80 to 160 ° C, more preferably from 85 to 155 ° C, and still more preferably from 90 to 150 ° C.
- the lower limit is preferably 1.2 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more, and still more preferably 1.8 times or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 times or less, more preferably 8 times or less, and even more preferably 7 times or less.
- the draw ratio is greatly related to the shape of the hole.
- the aspect ratio of the pore diameter has a correlation with the ratio of the longitudinal draw ratio and the transverse draw ratio. If the film is isotropically stretched, the pores of the porous film become isotropic.
- the upper limit is preferably 3.0 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less, and even more preferably 2.2 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited. For example, 0.8 or more is preferable and 1.0 or more is more preferable. Biaxial stretching within the above range is preferable because deformation of holes due to stretching is sufficiently suppressed.
- the stretching speed in the stretching step is preferably 500 to 12000% / min, more preferably 1500 to 10000% / min, and further preferably 2500 to 8000% / min.
- the porous film thus obtained is preferably subjected to heat treatment for the purpose of improving dimensional stability.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 110 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 120 ° C. or higher, so that an effect of improving dimensional stability can be expected.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 170 ° C. or lower, more preferably 165 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 160 ° C. or lower.
- a heat treatment temperature of 170 ° C. or lower is preferable because the polypropylene resin hardly melts by the heat treatment and can maintain a porous structure.
- a relaxation treatment of 1 to 20% may be performed as necessary.
- the porous film can be obtained by uniformly cooling and winding.
- Both electrodes of the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 22 are wound in a spiral shape so as to overlap each other via the battery separator 10, and the outside is stopped with a winding tape to form a wound body.
- the winding process will be described in detail.
- One end of the battery separator is passed between the slit portions 1 of the pin (FIG. 2), and the pin is slightly rotated to wind one end of the battery separator around the pin. At this time, the surface of the pin is in contact with the heat-resistant layer of the battery separator.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged so as to sandwich the battery separator, and the pins are rotated by a winding machine to wind the positive and negative electrodes and the battery separator. After winding, the pin is pulled out of the wound object.
- the wound body in which the positive electrode plate 21, the battery separator 10 and the negative electrode plate 22 are integrally wound in this manner is housed in a bottomed cylindrical battery case, and welded to the positive and negative electrode lead bodies 24 and 25. To do.
- the positive electrode lid 27 is sealed around the opening periphery of the battery can via the gasket 26, and precharging and aging are performed. A cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte battery is produced.
- an electrolytic solution in which a lithium salt is used as an electrolytic solution and is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- an alkali metal or a compound containing an alkali metal integrated with a current collecting material such as a stainless steel net can be used.
- the alkali metal for example, lithium, sodium or potassium can be used.
- the compound containing an alkali metal include an alloy of an alkali metal and aluminum, lead, indium, potassium, cadmium, tin or magnesium, a compound of an alkali metal and a carbon material, a low potential alkali metal and a metal oxide, and the like. Or a compound with a sulfide can be used.
- the carbon material may be any material that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions.
- the carbon material may be any material that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions.
- graphite, pyrolytic carbons, cokes, glassy carbons, fired bodies of organic polymer compounds, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers, activated carbon, and the like can be used.
- the negative electrode for example, a carbon material having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m is mixed with a solution in which vinylidene fluoride is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to form a slurry, and this negative electrode mixture slurry is passed through a mesh of 70 mesh. After removing the large particles, uniformly apply to both sides of the negative electrode current collector made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m and dry, and then compression-molded with a roll press machine, cut, strip-shaped negative electrode plate and Can be used.
- the active material is a metal oxide such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, vanadium pentoxide or chromium oxide, metal sulfide such as molybdenum disulfide, and the like. Can be used. Then, a mixture obtained by appropriately adding a conductive additive or a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene to these positive electrode active materials is used to finish a molded body using a current collector material such as a stainless steel net as a core material. Can be used.
- lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2
- phosphorous graphite as a conductive additive at a mass ratio of 90: 5 (lithium cobalt oxide: phosphorous graphite) and mixed.
- a solution prepared by dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in N-methylpyrrolidone is mixed to form a slurry.
- This positive electrode mixture slurry is passed through a 70-mesh net to remove large particles, and then uniformly applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried, and then compressed by a roll press. After forming, it can be cut into a strip-like positive electrode plate.
- the expression “main component” includes the intention to allow other components to be contained within a range that does not interfere with the function of the main component, unless otherwise specified. Although the content ratio is not specified, the main component is intended to include 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 90% by mass or more (including 100%) in the composition. .
- X to Y When described as “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers), it means “preferably greater than X” and “preferably less than Y” with the meaning of “X to Y” unless otherwise specified. It is intended to include the meaning. Also, “X or more” or “Y or less” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers) includes “preferably larger than X” and “preferably smaller than Y” unless otherwise specified. To do.
- the longitudinal direction of the laminated porous film is referred to as “longitudinal direction”, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is referred to as “lateral direction”.
- Porosity porous film substantial amount W 1 of (sample) is measured, the mass W 0 when the porosity of 0% from the density and thickness of the resin composition was calculated, the following equation from these values Based on calculation.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ (W 0 ⁇ W 1 ) / W 0 ⁇ ⁇ 100
- the tensile modulus was measured using a tensile / compression tester (Intesco, 200X type). As the test piece, a porous film (sample) cut into MD with a length of 200 mm and TD with a width of 5 mm was used. The test piece was pulled under conditions of a distance between chucks of 150 mm and a crosshead speed of 5 mm / min, the load applied to the load cell was measured when the gap between the chucks was extended by 3%, and the tensile modulus was obtained from the following equation. The thickness of the porous film was determined from the average value measured at three locations.
- Tensile modulus (MPa) ⁇ Load (kg) ⁇ 9.8 (m / s 2 ) / Extension distance (mm) ⁇ / Cross sectional area (mm 2 ) ⁇ Chuck distance (mm) The average value of the tensile modulus measured at five points was taken as the tensile modulus.
- FIG. 2 (A) Air permeability at 5% elongation
- One end of the wire was wrapped and fixed with tape, and a marked line 43 with a length of 150 mm was written on the porous film 42 in the inner part of the aluminum frame 41.
- the other end is fixed to a metal plate 44 with a length of 170 mm and a width of 15 mm with a tape, and the porous film 42 is stretched in one direction, and stretched when the expansion rate of the porous film 42 reaches 5%.
- the aluminum frame 41 and the metal plate 44 are fixed as shown in FIG. 2B, and the air permeability of the porous film inside the aluminum frame 41 is measured.
- the temper was measured.
- the extension rate was calculated from the length of the marked line.
- DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
- the porous film was heated from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min for 1 minute using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-7) manufactured by PerkinElmer, and then held for 240 minutes.
- the temperature was lowered from 0 ° C. to 25 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min and held for 1 minute, and then heated again from 25 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a scanning rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the presence or absence of ⁇ activity is determined by whether or not a peak is detected at 145 to 160 ° C., which is a crystal melting peak temperature (Tm ⁇ ) derived from ⁇ crystals of polypropylene resin. Evaluated.
- the sample After holding the porous film (sample) in a state where the set temperature is 180 ° C. and the display temperature is 180 ° C. in a state where the porous film (sample) is constrained to two aluminum plates, the sample is held for 3 minutes The set temperature was changed to 100 ° C., and the mixture was gradually cooled to 100 ° C. over 10 minutes or more. When the display temperature reaches 100 ° C., the porous film is taken out and cooled in a 25 ° C. atmosphere for 5 minutes while being restrained by two aluminum plates. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on a circular part of 40 mm ⁇ of the part.
- -Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurement device manufactured by Mac Science, model number: XMP18A X-ray source: CuK ⁇ ray, output: 40 kV, 200 mA Scanning method: 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan, 2 ⁇ range: 5 ° to 25 °, scanning interval: 0.05 °, scanning speed: 5 ° / min
- the presence or absence of ⁇ crystal activity was judged from the peak derived from the (300) plane of ⁇ crystal of polypropylene resin, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- a sample may be prepared by adjusting so that the porous film is installed in a circular hole of 40 mm ⁇ in the center.
- Example 1 0.2 parts by weight of an antioxidant (Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd., Irganox B225) and 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a polypropylene resin (manufactured by Prime Polymer, Prime Polypro F300SV, MFR: 3 g / 10 min)
- a nucleating agent 0.2 parts by mass of 3,9-bis [4- (N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl) phenyl] -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane was added, and Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. It was melt-kneaded at 270 ° C.
- Resin composition A1 was obtained.
- Resin composition A1 was extruded at 200 ° C. and cooled and solidified with a cast roll at 126 ° C. to prepare a nonporous film-like material.
- the non-porous film-like material was biaxially stretched successively at 110 ° C. in the longitudinal direction at 4 times, then at 145 ° C. in the transverse direction at 2.0 times, and then relaxed 6% in the transverse direction at 145 ° C.
- a film (sample) was obtained.
- Various properties of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film (sample) were measured and evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 2 Separately from the resin composition A1, 80 parts by mass of high-density polyethylene (manufactured by Prime Polymer, Hi-ZEX3300F, density: 0.950 g / cm 3 , MFR: 1.1 g / 10 min) as a polyethylene resin, 20 parts by weight of microcrystalline wax (Nihon Seiwa Co., Ltd., Hi-Mic1090) and 0.2 parts by weight of dibenzylidene sorbitol (Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., Gelol D) as a nucleating agent were added, and the same type twin-screw extruder of the same type After being melt-kneaded at 230 ° C. and extruded from a strand die, the strand was cooled in water at 30 ° C. and pelletized with a cutter to obtain a resin composition B1.
- high-density polyethylene manufactured by Prime Polymer, Hi-ZEX3300F, density: 0.950 g / cm
- the laminated non-porous film was biaxially stretched successively at 120 ° C. in the longitudinal direction at 4.6 times and then at 100 ° C. in the transverse direction at 2.0 times, and then relaxed and laminated at 125 ° C. in the transverse direction by 6%.
- a porous film (sample) was produced.
- Various properties of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film (sample) and wound product were measured and evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 4 Resin composition A1 was extruded at 200 ° C. and cooled and solidified with a 127 ° C. cast roll to prepare a nonporous film-like material.
- the nonporous membrane-like material was biaxially stretched successively at 120 ° C. in the longitudinal direction at 4 times, then at 145 ° C. in the transverse direction at 4.0 times, and then relaxed 6% in the transverse direction at 145 ° C.
- a film (sample) was obtained.
- Various properties of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film (sample) were measured and evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 5 Resin composition A1 was extruded at 200 ° C. and cooled and solidified with a 127 ° C. cast roll to prepare a nonporous film-like material.
- the non-porous film-like material was successively biaxially stretched three times in the longitudinal direction at 120 ° C. and then 2.0 times in the transverse direction at 145 ° C., and then relaxed 6% in the transverse direction at 145 ° C.
- a film (sample) was obtained.
- Various properties of the obtained polypropylene resin porous film (sample) were measured and evaluated, and the results are summarized in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows the physical property values obtained in each Example and Comparative Example.
- Pa ′ is 1000 seconds / 100 ml or less and Pa ′ / Pa is 1.5 or less, so that deformation of pores due to stretching is suppressed. It was confirmed that Therefore, even when the electrode and the battery separator are wound when used as a battery separator, the battery separator can maintain the continuity.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 it was found that when the stretching ratio in the longitudinal direction is large and the pores have anisotropy, the pores are deformed by stretching.
- Example 1 is a more preferable embodiment from the viewpoint of air permeability.
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Abstract
Description
溶媒中でリチウムイオン源となる支持電解質としては、6フッ化リン酸リチウム等の反応性の高い電解質を溶媒中に溶解させたものが使用されている。
従来開示されているセパレータは、この捲回体を作る捲回工程において、生産性向上のために高速で捲回すると、セパレータに大きな張力がかかるため、空孔が変形して、これが目詰まりの原因となるなど、電池性能の劣化を引き起こす原因となっていた。特に空孔率の高い多孔フィルムにおいては、外部からの力によって変形しやすいため、この課題は重要な解決課題であった。
(1)Pa’が1000秒/100ml以下
(2)Pa’/Paが1.5以下
本多孔フィルムの透気度(Pa)、すなわち伸張前の透気度(Pa)は、1000秒/100ml以下であるのが好ましく、特に10秒/100ml以上或いは900秒/100ml以下であるがより好ましく、中でも特に50秒/100ml以上或いは800秒/100ml以下であるのが更に好ましい。
透気度Paが1000秒/100ml以下であれば、本多孔フィルムに十分な連通性があることを示し、優れた透気性能を示すことができるため好ましい。
本多孔フィルムの透気度が低ければ、様々な用途に使用することができる。例えば電池用セパレータとして使用する場合、透気度が低いということは、電荷であるリチウムイオンの移動が容易であることを意味し、電池性能に優れるため好ましい。
前記Pa’が1000秒/100ml以下であることによって、十分な連通性を有することを示している。例えば電池用セパレータとして使用した時には、電荷であるイオンの析出による空孔の目詰まりを抑制することができる。
一方、前記透気度Pa’の下限については特に限定しない。好ましくは10秒/100ml以上であり、特に50秒/100ml以上であるのがより好ましい。
なお、前記5%伸張時の透気度は、実施例に記載された方法で測定される値である。
(ii) 引張により変形するが、多孔構造の連通性には影響しない多孔フィルムにする手段。
(iii) 伸張変形後も十分な連通孔が確保できる多孔フィルムにする手段。
前記(ii)の手段としては、空孔の形状を等方的にすることにより、伸張変形により孔が塞がるのを防ぐことで実現可能である。
前記(iii)の手段としては、孔径を大きくしたり、空孔率を大きくしたり、開孔方法の選択や多孔構造を制御したりすることで実現可能である。このようにすれば、伸張変形による多孔構造の連通性が悪化しても十分な連通孔を確保できる。
本多孔フィルムについては、Pa’/Paが1.5以下であることが重要であり、1.4以下が好ましく、1.3以下がより好ましい。一方、下限については特に限定しない。好ましくは0.8以上であり、特に0.9以上であるのが更に好ましい。
前記Pa’/Paが1.5以下であれば、本多孔フィルムをロール状に捲回する際など、本多孔フィルムに張力が掛かった状態であっても、本多孔フィルムの多孔構造の変形による物性低下を十分に抑制することができる。多孔構造の変形による物性低下の抑制によって、本多孔フィルムを二次用途で使用する際、十分な透気度や空孔率を確保することができる。例えば本多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして使用する際、電極と電池用セパレータとを重ねて捲回した捲回物を用いて、非水系電解液電池を作製する時、本多孔フィルムを用いて作製した前記非水系電解液電池は、良好な膜電気抵抗を示し、目詰まりなどの電池特性の劣化を抑制し、長期間使用可能な非水系電解液電池を得ることができる。
本多孔フィルムにおいて、空孔率は30%以上であることが好ましく、40%以上がより好ましい。空孔率が30%以上であれば、連通性を確保しつつ、透気特性に優れた積層多孔フィルムとすることができる。一方、上限については特に限定しない。好ましくは90%以下であり、特に80%以下であるのが更に好ましい。
空孔率が90%以下であれば、本多孔フィルムの強度が低下しにくく、二次加工性の観点からも好ましい。
なお、空孔率は、実施例に記載の方法で測定される値である。
本多孔フィルムは、3%伸張時の引張弾性率が350MPa以上であるのが好ましく、400MPa以上であるのがより好ましい。
前記3%伸張時の引張弾性率が350MPa以上であれば、本多孔フィルムをロール状に捲回する際に、本多孔フィルムの空孔変形をより一層十分に抑制することができる。よって、本多孔フィルムを二次用途で使用する際、十分な透気度や空孔率を確保することができる。例えば本多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして使用する際、作製した非水系電解液電池は、イオンの析出による前記電池用セパレータの空孔の目詰まりや電池特性の劣化を抑制することができる。
一方、上限については特に限定しない。好ましくは、可撓性、二次加工性の観点から2000MPa以下であるのが好ましく、特に1500MPa以下でるのがより好ましく、中でも1000MPa以下であるのが更に好ましい。
なお、前記3%伸張時の引張弾性率は、実施例に記載した方法で測定される値である。
本多孔フィルムの膜厚は、5μm~100μmであるのが好ましく、中でも8μm以上或いは50μm以下、その中でも10μm以上或いは30μm以下であるのがさらに好ましい。
電池用セパレータとして使用する場合、本多孔フィルムの膜厚が5μm以上であれば、実質的に必要な電気絶縁性を得ることができ、例えば電極の突起部分に大きな力がかかった場合でも、電池用セパレータを突き破って短絡するのを防止することができるから、安全性に優れたものとすることができる。また、膜厚が100μm以下であれば、積層多孔フィルムの電気抵抗を小さくすることができるので、電池の性能が十分に確保することができる。
本多孔フィルムは、β晶活性を有することが好ましい。
β晶活性は、延伸前の膜状物においてポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していたことを示す一指標と捉えることができる。延伸前の膜状物中のポリプロピレン系樹脂がβ晶を生成していれば、フィラー等の添加剤を使用しない場合においても、延伸を施すことで微細孔を容易に形成することができるため、透気特性を有するポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムを得ることができる。
具体的には、示差走査型熱量計で本多孔フィルムを25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃から25℃まで冷却速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、更に25℃から240℃まで加熱速度10℃/分で再昇温させた際に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)が検出された場合に、β晶活性を有すると判断することができる。
β晶活性度(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
β晶活性度の上限値は特に限定するものではない。β晶活性度が高いほど前記効果がより有効に得られるので、100%に近いほど好ましい。
詳細には、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の融点を超える温度である170℃~190℃の熱処理を施し、徐冷してβ晶を生成・成長させたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムについて広角X線測定を行い、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の(300)面に由来する回折ピークが2θ=16.0°~16.5°の範囲に検出された場合、β晶活性が有ると判断することができる。
仮に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、両層ともにβ晶活性を有することが好ましい。
本多孔フィルムは、単層でも積層でも構わない。2層以上に積層させることが好ましい。
該B層としては、例えば強度保持層、耐熱層(高融解温度樹脂層)、シャットダウン層(低融解温度樹脂層)などを挙げられる。例えば、電池用セパレータとして用いる場合には、特開平04-181651号公報に記載されているような高温雰囲気化で孔閉塞し、電池の安全性を確保する低融点樹脂層をA層に積層することが好ましい。
上記のA層は、例えばポリプロピレン系樹脂とβ晶核剤を含有する樹脂組成物を押出成形して無孔膜状物を作製し、所定の延伸を施すことにより作製することができる。
そこで、ここでは、ポリプロピレン系樹脂及びβ晶核剤について説明する。
但し、上記のA層の製法はあくまで例示であって、A層の製法がこの製法に限定されるものではない。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、例えばホモプロピレン(プロピレン単独重合体)、又は、プロピレンと、エチレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、1-へキセン、1-へプテン、1-オクテン、1-ノネンもしくは1-デセンなどα-オレフィンとのランダム共重合体或いはブロック共重合体などが挙げられる。この中でも、ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムの機械的強度、耐熱性などを維持する観点から、ホモポリプロピレンがより好適である。
メチル基領域のシグナルの帰属は、A.Zambelli et al(Macromolecules8,687,(1975))に準拠して決定される。
上記のMw/Mnは、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)法によって測定される値である。
上記のMFRは、JIS K7210に従い、温度230℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定される値である。
本多孔フィルムに用いるβ晶核剤としては、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶の生成・成長を増加させるものであれば任意に使用可能であり、1種類を単独で使用することも、2種類以上を併用することもできる。
そのほか核剤の具体的な種類については、特開2003-306585号公報、特開平06-289566号公報、特開平09-194650号公報に記載されている。
BE60-7032」、Mayzo社製ポリプロピレン「BNX BETAPP-LN」などが挙げられる。
また、仮にポリプロピレン系樹脂からなる層以外に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂を含有する層などを積層させる場合には、各層のβ晶核剤の添加量は同じであっても、異なっていてもよい。β晶核剤の添加量を変更することで各層の多孔構造を適宜調整することができる。
本多孔フィルムにおいては、前述した成分のほか、本発明の効果を著しく阻害しない範囲内で、一般に樹脂組成物に配合される添加剤を適宜添加できる。
前記添加剤としては、例えば耳などのトリミングロス等から発生するリサイクル樹脂や、シリカ、タルク、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム等の無機粒子、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の顔料、難燃剤、耐候性安定剤、耐熱安定剤、帯電防止剤、溶融粘度改良剤、架橋剤、滑剤、核剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、中和剤、防曇剤、アンチブロッキング剤、スリップ剤または着色剤など、成形加工性、生産性およびその他の諸物性を改良・調整する目的で添加される添加剤が挙げられる。
具体的には、「プラスチックス配合剤」のP154~P158に記載されている酸化防止剤、P178~P182に記載されている紫外線吸収剤、P271~P275に記載されている帯電防止剤としての界面活性剤、P283~P294に記載されている滑剤などが挙げられる。
上記のB層は、例えばポリエチレン系樹脂と多孔化促進化合物を含有する樹脂組成物を押出成形して無孔膜状物を作製し、所定の延伸を施すことにより作製することができる。
そこで、次にポリエチレン系樹脂と多孔化促進化合物について説明する。
但し、上記のB層の製法はあくまで例示であって、B層の製法がこの製法に限定されるものではない。
ポリエチレン系樹脂としては、例えば超低密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、さらに分子量に特徴のある超高分子量ポリエチレンのようなホモポリマーポリエチレンだけでなく、エチレンプロピレン共重合体、またはポリエチレン系樹脂と他のポリプロピレン系樹脂とのコポリマーポリエチレン等を挙げることができる。中でも、ホモポリマーポリエチレン、或いはα-オレフィンコモノマー含量が2モル%以下のコポリマーポリエチレンが好ましく、ホモポリマーポリエチレンが更に好ましい。α-オレフィンコモノマーの種類については特に制限はない。
該ポリエチレン系樹脂の密度は、密度勾配管法を用いてJIS K7112に準じて測定することができる。
MFRは、JIS K7210に従い、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定することができる。
ポリエチレン系樹脂の重合方法として、一段重合、二段重合、もしくはそれ以上の多段重合等があり、いずれの方法のポリエチレン系樹脂も使用可能である。
ポリエチレン系樹脂に、多孔化促進化合物を添加することが好ましい。前記多孔化促進化合物を添加することにより、より効率的に多孔構造を得ることができ、孔の形状や孔径を制御しやすくなる。
脂環族飽和炭化水素樹脂及びその変性体は、ポリエチレン系樹脂に混合した場合に良好な相溶性を示すが、色調や熱安定性といった面から石油樹脂がより好ましく、中でも水添石油樹脂を用いることが更に好ましい。
当該水添石油樹脂とは、石油樹脂を慣用の方法によって水素化することにより得られるものである。例えば、水素化脂肪族系石油樹脂、水素化芳香族系石油樹脂、水素化共重合系石油樹脂及び水素化脂環族系石油樹脂、並びに水素化テルペン系樹脂などを挙げることができる。
水添石油樹脂の中でも、水素化脂環族系石油樹脂で、シクロペンタジエン系化合物と芳香族ビニル系化合物とを共重合して水素添加したものが特に好ましい。
市販されている水添石油樹脂としては、「アルコン」(荒川化学工業社製)などが挙げられる。
該エチレン系共重合体は、エチレン単量体単位の含有率が好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは60質量%以上、さらに好ましくは65質量%以上である。一方、上限については、エチレン単量体単位の含有率が好ましくは95質量%以下、より好ましくは90質量%以下、さらに好ましくは85質量%以下であることが望ましい。エチレン単量体単位の含有率が所定の範囲内であれば、より効率的に多孔構造を形成することができる。
(ア)融点が40℃~200℃である。
(イ)融点より10℃高い温度での溶融粘度が50Pa・s以下である。
中でも、多孔構造を効率的に形成できる点から、パラフィンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス、マイクロクリスタリンワックスが好ましく、SD特性の観点より孔径をより微小化できるマイクロクリスタリンワックスが更に好ましい。
必要に応じてポリエチレン系樹脂や多孔化促進化合物以外に、多孔フィルムの熱特性、具体的には多孔化を損なわない範囲で、熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性エラストマー等のゴム成分と呼ばれているものを添加してもよい。
その他、一般に樹脂組成物に配合される添加剤または他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
前記添加剤としては、耳などのトリミングロス等から発生するリサイクル樹脂や、シリカ、タルク、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム等の無機粒子、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック等の顔料、難燃剤、耐候性安定剤、耐熱安定剤、帯電防止剤、溶融粘度改良剤、架橋剤、滑剤、核剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、中和剤、防曇剤、アンチブロッキング剤、スリップ剤または着色剤など、成形加工性、生産性およびその他の諸物性を改良・調整する目的で添加される添加剤が挙げられる。
中でも、核剤は、ポリエチレン系樹脂の結晶構造を制御し、延伸開孔時の多孔構造を細かくするという効果があるため、好ましい。
次に、本多孔フィルムの製造方法について説明する。但し、本多孔フィルムの製造方法が、以下に説明する方法に限定されるものではない。
無孔膜状物の延伸方法については、ロール延伸法、圧延法、テンター延伸法、同時二軸延伸法などの手法があり、これらを単独あるいは2つ以上組み合わせて一軸延伸あるいは二軸延伸を行えばよい。中でも、多孔構造制御の観点から、逐次二軸延伸を採用するのが好ましい。
(a)各層を多孔化したのち、多孔化された各層をラミネートしたり接着剤等で接着したりして積層する方法。
(b)各層を積層して積層無孔膜状物を作製し、ついで当該無孔膜状物を多孔化する方法。
(c)各層のうちいずれか1層を多孔化したのち、もう1層の無孔膜状物と積層し、多孔化する方法。
(d)多孔層を作製した後、無機・有機粒子などのコーティング塗布や、金属粒子の蒸着などを行うことにより積層する方法。
先ず、ポリプロピレン系樹脂と、必要であれば熱可塑性樹脂、添加剤の混合樹脂組成物を作製する。例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂、β晶核剤、および所望によりその他添加物等の原材料を、好ましくはヘンシェルミキサー、スーパーミキサー、タンブラー型ミキサー等を用いて、または袋の中に全成分を入れてハンドブレンドにて混合した後、一軸あるいは二軸押出機、ニーダー等、好ましくは二軸押出機で溶融混練後、カッティングしてペレットを得る。
Tダイの種類としては特に限定されない。例えば本多孔フィルムが2種3層の積層構造をとる場合、Tダイは2種3層用マルチマニホールドタイプでも構わないし、2種3層用フィードブロックタイプでも構わない。
β晶比率(%)=〔ΔHmβ/(ΔHmβ+ΔHmα)〕×100
本多孔フィルムを作製する場合には、各延伸工程で延伸条件を適宜選択して、多孔構造を制御し易い逐次二軸延伸を採用するのがより好ましい。
なお、膜状物及びフィルムの長手方向を「縦方向」、長手方向に対して垂直方向を「横方向」と称する。また、長手方向への延伸を「縦延伸」、長手方向に対して垂直方向への延伸を「横延伸」と称する。
縦延伸倍率について、下限は1.2倍以上が好ましく、1.5倍以上がより好ましく、1.8倍以上が更に好ましい。一方、上限は10倍以下が好ましく、8倍以下がより好ましく、7倍以下が更に好ましい。前記範囲内で縦延伸を行うことで、延伸時の破断を抑制しつつ、適度な空孔起点を発現させることができる。
ここで、縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率との比MD/TDについて、上限としては3.0以下が好ましく、2.5以下がより好ましく、2.2以下が更に好ましい。一方、下限としては特に限定しない。例えば0.8以上が好ましく、1.0以上がより好ましい。前記範囲内で二軸延伸をすることで、伸張による空孔変形が十分に抑制されるため好ましい。
この際、熱処理温度は、好ましくは100℃以上、より好ましくは110℃以上、更に好ましくは120℃以上とすることで、寸法安定性を高める効果を期待することができる。一方、熱処理温度は、好ましくは170℃以下、より好ましくは165℃以下、更に好ましくは160℃以下である。熱処理温度が170℃以下であれば、熱処理によってポリプロピレン系樹脂の融解が起こりにくく、多孔構造を維持できるため好ましい。
また、熱処理工程中には、必要に応じて1~20%の弛緩処理を施してもよい。
熱処理後、均一に冷却して巻き取ることにより、本多孔フィルムを得ることができる。
次に、本多孔フィルムの用途の一例として、本多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして使用し電池を構成する例について説明する。
本多孔フィルムを電池用セパレータとして収容している非水電解液電池について、図を参照しながら説明する。
ここで、前記捲回工程について詳しく説明する。電池用セパレータの片端をピン(図2)のスリット部1の間に通し、ピンを少しだけ回転させて電池用セパレータの一端をピンに巻きつけておく。この時、ピンの表面と電池用セパレータの耐熱層とが接触している。その後、電池用セパレータを間に挟むようにして正極と負極を配置し、捲回機によってピンを回転させて、正負極と電池用セパレータを捲回する。捲回後、ピンは捲回物から引き抜かれる。
有機溶媒としては、特に限定されるものではない。例えばプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、ジメチルカーボネート、プロピオン酸メチルもしくは酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、1,2-ジメトキシメタン、ジメトキシプロパン、1,3-ジオキソラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランもしくは4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソランなどのエーテル類、またはスルホランなどが挙げられ、これらを単独でまたは二種類以上を混合して用いることができる。
中でも、エチレンカーボネート1質量部に対してメチルエチルカーボネートを2質量部混合した溶媒中に六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.0mol/Lの割合で溶解した電解質が好ましい。
前記アルカリ金属としては、例えばリチウム、ナトリウムまたはカリウムなどを用いることができる。
前記アルカリ金属を含む化合物としては、例えばアルカリ金属とアルミニウム、鉛、インジウム、カリウム、カドミウム、スズもしくはマグネシウムなどとの合金、さらにはアルカリ金属と炭素材料との化合物、低電位のアルカリ金属と金属酸化物もしくは硫化物との化合物などを用いることができる。
本発明において、「主成分」と表現した場合には、特に記載しない限り、当該主成分の機能を妨げない範囲で他の成分を含有することを許容する意を包含し、特に当該主成分の含有割合を特定するものではないが、主成分は組成物中の50質量%以上、好ましくは70質量%以上、特に好ましくは90質量%以上(100%含む)を占める意を包含するものである。
また、「X以上」或いは「Y以下」(X,Yは任意の数字)と記載した場合も、特にことわらない限り「好ましくはXより大きい」及び「好ましくはYより小さい」の意を包含するものである。
1/1000mmのダイアルゲージを用いて、フィルム(サンプル)の面内において不特定に30箇所の膜厚を測定し、その平均値を膜厚とした。
多孔フィルム(サンプル)の実質量W1を測定し、樹脂組成物の密度と厚みから空孔率0%の場合の質量W0を計算し、それらの値から下記式に基づき算出した。
空孔率(%)={(W0-W1)/W0}×100
引張圧縮試験機(インテスコ社製、200X型)を用いて引張弾性率を測定した。
試験片としては、多孔フィルム(サンプル)をMDに長さ200mm、TDに幅5mmで切り出したものを使用した。
試験片のチャック間距離150mm、クロスヘッドスピード5mm/minの条件で引張し、チャック間が3%伸張した時にロードセルにかかる負荷を測定し、次の式から引張弾性率を求めた。多孔フィルムの厚みは3ヶ所測定した平均値から求めた。
引張弾性率(MPa)={負荷(kg)×9.8(m/s2)/伸張距離(mm)}/断面積(mm2)×チャック間距離(mm)
5点測定した引張弾性率の平均値を引張弾性率とした。
JIS P8117に準拠して、多孔フィルム(サンプル)の透気度(秒/100ml)を測定した。
図2(A)のように1辺200mm、幅10mm、厚み1.8mmの正方形のアルミ枠41に、幅60mm、長さ300mmに切出した多孔フィルム42の片端を巻き付けてテープで固定し、アルミ枠41の内側部分にある多孔フィルム42に長さ150mmの標線43を書いた。もう一方の片端を長さ170mm、幅15mmの金属板44にテープで固定して巻き付けた状態で多孔フィルム42を一方向に伸ばして、多孔フィルム42の伸張率が5%となった時点で伸ばしたままの状態でアルミ枠41と金属板44を図2(B)のように固定して、アルミ枠41の内側部分の多孔フィルムの透気度を測定することで、5%伸張時の透気度を測定した。
なお、伸張率は標線の長さから算出した。
多孔フィルム(サンプル)について、パーキンエルマー社製の示差走査型熱量計(DSC-7)を用いて、25℃から240℃まで走査速度10℃/分で昇温後1分間保持し、次に240℃~25℃まで走査速度10℃/分で降温後1分間保持し、次に25℃から240℃まで走査速度10℃/分で再昇温させた。
この再昇温時に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂のβ晶に由来する結晶融解ピーク温度(Tmβ)である145~160℃に、ピークが検出されるか否かによりβ活性の有無を判断し、以下の基準にて評価した。
×:Tmβが145℃~160℃の範囲内に検出されなかった場合(β晶活性なし)
なお、β晶活性の測定は、試料量10mgで、窒素雰囲気下にて行った。
多孔フィルム(サンプル)を縦60mm、横60mm角に切り出し、図3(A)に示すように中央部が40mmφの円状に穴の空いたアルミ板(材質:JIS A5052、サイズ:縦60mm、横60mm、厚さ1mm)2枚の間にはさみ、図3(B)に示すように周囲をクリップで固定した。
・X線源:CuKα線、出力:40kV、200mA
・走査方法:2θ/θスキャン、2θ範囲:5°~25°、走査間隔:0.05°、走査速度:5°/min
×:ピークが2θ=16.0~16.5°の範囲に検出されなかった場合(β晶活性なし)
伸張前の透気度(Pa)、および5%伸張時の透気度(Pa’)について、以下のように評価した。
◎:Pa’が800秒/100ml以下で、かつPa’/Paが1.3以下
○:Pa’が1000秒/100ml以下で、かつPa’/Paが1.3より大きく、1.5以下
×:Pa’が1000秒/100mlより大きい、またはPa’/Paが1.5より大きい
ポリプロピレン系樹脂(プライムポリマー社製、プライムポリプロ F300SV、MFR:3g/10分)100質量部に対し、酸化防止剤(チバ スペシャルティケミカルズ社製、イルガノックスB225)0.2重量部、及びβ晶造核剤として、3,9-ビス[4-(N-シクロヘキシルカルバモイル)フェニル]-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン0.2質量部を加え、東芝機械株式会社製の同方向二軸押出機(口径40mmφ、L/D=32)を用いて270℃にて溶融混練してストランドダイより押し出した後、ストランドを30℃の水中で冷却し、カッターによりペレット化して樹脂組成物A1を得た。
樹脂組成物A1を200℃で押出して、126℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該無孔膜状物を110℃で縦方向に4倍、次いで145℃で横方向に2.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、145℃で横方向に6%弛緩してポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
前記樹脂組成物A1とは別に、ポリエチレン系樹脂として、高密度ポリエチレン(プライムポリマー社製、Hi-ZEX3300F、密度:0.950g/cm3、MFR:1.1g/10分)80質量部に、マイクロクリスタリンワックス(日本精蝋社製、Hi-Mic1090)20質量部、及び核剤としてジベンジリデンソルビトール(新日本理化社製、ゲルオールD)0.2重量部加え、同型の同方向二軸押出機を用いて230℃にて溶融混練してストランドダイより押し出した後、ストランドを30℃の水中で冷却、カッターによりペレット化して樹脂組成物B1を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)および捲回物の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
前記樹脂組成物A1およびB1を別々の押出機にて200℃で押出し、2種3層のフィードブロックを通じて多層成型用のTダイを用いて共押出し、延伸後の膜厚比率がA1/B1/A1=3.5/1/3.5となるように積層させた後、125℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、積層無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該積層無孔膜状物を120℃で縦方向に4.0倍、次いで98℃で横方向に2.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、115℃で横方向に6%弛緩して積層多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られた積層多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
樹脂組成物A1を200℃で押出して、127℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該無孔膜状物を120℃で縦方向に4倍、次いで145℃で横方向に4.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、145℃で横方向に6%弛緩してポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
樹脂組成物A1を200℃で押出して、127℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該無孔膜状物を120℃で縦方向に3倍、次いで145℃で横方向に2.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、145℃で横方向に6%弛緩してポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
樹脂組成物A1を200℃で押出して、127℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該無孔膜状物を120℃で縦方向に7倍、次いで145℃で横方向に2.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、145℃で横方向に6%弛緩してポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
樹脂組成物A1を200℃で押出して、126℃のキャストロールで冷却固化させて、無孔膜状物を作製した。
当該無孔膜状物を120℃で縦方向に6.3倍、次いで145℃で横方向に2.0倍に逐次二軸延伸した後、145℃で横方向に6%弛緩してポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)を得た。
得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム(サンプル)の諸特性の測定および評価を行い、その結果を表1にまとめた。
実施例1-5で得たポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムは、Pa’が1000秒/100ml以下であり、且つ、Pa’/Paが1.5以下であることによって、伸張による空孔変形が抑制されることが確認された。よって、電池用セパレータとして使用時に、電極および電池用セパレータを捲回しても、電池用セパレータは連通性を保持することができる。
一方、比較例1、2の結果より、縦方向の延伸倍率が大きく、空孔に異方性を有する場合には、伸張による空孔変形が生じることが分かった。よって、電池用セパレータとして使用時に、電極および電池用セパレータを捲回した際、電池用セパレータは捲回による伸張で連通性が悪化することになる。
なお、実施例の中でも、透気度の観点から実施例1がより好ましい態様である。
20 二次電池
21 正極板
22 負極板
24 正極リード体
25 負極リード体
26 ガスケット
27 正極蓋
31 アルミ板
32 フィルム
33 クリップ
34 フィルム縦方向
35 フィルム横方向
41 アルミ枠
42 多孔フィルム
43 標線
44 金属板
Claims (4)
- 伸張前の透気度(Pa)、および5%伸張時の透気度(Pa’)について、以下の条件(1)、(2)を満たすことを特徴とするポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム。
(1)Pa’が1000秒/100ml以下
(2)Pa’/Paが1.5以下 - β晶活性を有する請求項1に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルムからなることを特徴とする電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項3に記載の電池用セパレータが収容されてなる非水系電解液電池。
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EP11756275.1A EP2549565A4 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-15 | POROUS POLYPROPYLENE RESIN FILM, SEPARATOR FOR USE IN BATTERY AND BATTERY |
JP2012505689A JP5603410B2 (ja) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-15 | ポリプロピレン系樹脂多孔フィルム、電池用セパレータおよび電池 |
US13/635,764 US20130017452A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-15 | Polypropylene series resin porous film, battery separator and battery |
CN2011800128052A CN102792486A (zh) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-15 | 聚丙烯类树脂多孔膜、电池用隔板及电池 |
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WO2011115090A1 true WO2011115090A1 (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
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US (1) | US20130017452A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2549565A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5603410B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120116468A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102792486A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011115090A1 (ja) |
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JP5786782B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2015-09-30 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | ワイヤーハーネス保護材及びワイヤーハーネス |
US10686175B2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2020-06-16 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polyolefin microporous membrane, production method therefor, and battery separator |
CN111180636B (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-06-17 | 界首市天鸿新材料股份有限公司 | 孔径均一的pp/pe/pp三层共挤隔膜的制备工艺 |
CN112143081A (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 | 超低静电聚烯烃多孔膜及原料配方、制备方法、电池 |
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EP2549565A4 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
EP2549565A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
JPWO2011115090A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
US20130017452A1 (en) | 2013-01-17 |
CN102792486A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
KR20120116468A (ko) | 2012-10-22 |
JP5603410B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
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