WO2011102295A1 - 溶接方法および超伝導加速器 - Google Patents
溶接方法および超伝導加速器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011102295A1 WO2011102295A1 PCT/JP2011/052875 JP2011052875W WO2011102295A1 WO 2011102295 A1 WO2011102295 A1 WO 2011102295A1 JP 2011052875 W JP2011052875 W JP 2011052875W WO 2011102295 A1 WO2011102295 A1 WO 2011102295A1
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- welding
- superconducting
- energy density
- reinforcing member
- welding method
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/14—Vacuum chambers
- H05H7/18—Cavities; Resonators
- H05H7/20—Cavities; Resonators with superconductive walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/22—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding method in the process of manufacturing a superconducting accelerator tube and a superconducting accelerator including the superconducting accelerator tube.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a manufacturing method in which a groove is stepped in a straight pipe butt weld of a superconducting cavity, non-through welding is performed by laser light from the inside, and non-through welding is performed by laser light from the outside. A method is disclosed.
- blowholes bubbles
- the aspect ratio (depth / width) of the penetration shape becomes small.
- niobium Nb, melting point: about 2500 ° C.
- the bead width becomes narrower and blow holes are more likely to occur.
- partial penetration welding since the curvature of the bottom of the bead is small, there is a concern that the bead penetrates the base material or a convex portion is formed on the back side of the welding surface. Therefore, the quality of the superconducting acceleration tube could not be secured stably.
- laser welding can be performed in the air, but it has been difficult to perform high-quality welding by preventing oxidation, especially when niobium that is easily oxidized is used.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a welding method capable of partial penetration welding and a superconducting accelerator including a superconducting acceleration tube manufactured by the welding method.
- the welding method when welding a cylindrical reinforcing member to the outer peripheral portion of the superconducting acceleration tube main body with a laser beam in the manufacturing process of the superconducting acceleration tube,
- the energy density distribution shape on the irradiation surface irradiated with the laser beam is a Gaussian distribution shape having a peak portion, and the energy density of the peak portion is 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 or more.
- the energy density of the laser beam is 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 or more in the laser beam, even if the superconducting acceleration tube body and the reinforcing member are formed of a metal material having a high melting point, These can be sufficiently melted.
- the laser beam has a Gaussian distribution of energy density, so that the welded area between the superconducting accelerator tube main body and the reinforcing member has a gentle shape around the keyhole, and a bead with a small aspect ratio. Is formed. This makes it easier for bubbles in the molten metal to rise and be discharged and to prevent the molten metal from flowing in and the keyhole from collapsing to entrain the bubbles. As a result, the occurrence of blow holes can be suppressed.
- the laser beam has a Gaussian distribution of energy density, so that the bead does not penetrate the superconducting accelerating tube main body or form a convex part inside the superconducting accelerating tube main body.
- Penetration welding can be performed. Since the metal can be melted at the peak portion, the energy on the outer edge side whose energy density is lower than that of the peak portion can also be utilized for melting the metal, so that the energy absorption characteristics can be improved.
- the energy density of the outer peripheral portion of a region including 50% of the energy centered on the peak portion of the total energy in the energy density distribution shape is 75% of the energy density of the peak portion. It may be the following.
- the distribution from the peak portion of the energy density toward the outer edge portion becomes gentle, and the energy absorption characteristics on the outer edge portion side can be improved.
- the superconducting acceleration tube body and the reinforcing member may be formed of niobium.
- the performance of the formed superconducting accelerator tube and the superconducting accelerator including this superconducting accelerator tube can be enhanced.
- an inert gas may be supplied to the irradiation surface, the front and rear in the welding direction of the irradiation surface, and the back surface of the irradiation surface inside the superconducting acceleration tube body.
- an inert gas may be supplied to the irradiation surface, the front and rear in the welding direction of the irradiation surface, and the back surface of the irradiation surface inside the superconducting acceleration tube body.
- the irradiation surface, the front and back thereof, and the back surface of the irradiation surface inside the superconducting acceleration tube main body can be in an inert gas atmosphere, oxidation of the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member can be prevented.
- the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member are formed of a metal having a large oxidation tendency, these oxidations can be prevented.
- a center nozzle provided so as to surround the laser beam, a front nozzle provided in front in the welding direction of the center nozzle, and provided in the rear in the welding direction of the center nozzle.
- the inert gas may be supplied from the rear nozzle formed and the back side nozzle provided toward the back surface of the irradiation surface inside the superconducting acceleration tube main body.
- the inert gas can be stably supplied to the irradiation surface of the laser beam and the front and rear in the welding direction of the irradiation surface and the back surface of the irradiation surface inside the superconducting acceleration tube main body.
- an inert gas may be supplied between the reinforcing member and the superconducting acceleration tube main body. In this case, oxidation of the inside of the reinforcing member and the superconducting acceleration tube main body can be prevented.
- a partition plate that partitions a space in the circumferential direction may be provided between the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member.
- a supply port for supplying an inert gas to the inside of the reinforcing member on one side in the circumferential direction with respect to the partition plate; and a discharge port for discharging the gas inside the reinforcing member on the other side in the circumferential direction with respect to the partition plate; May be provided.
- the inert gas supplied from the supply port to the inside of the reinforcing member moves in the circumferential direction between the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member and is discharged from the discharge port.
- the space between the tube body and the reinforcing member can be an inert gas atmosphere.
- the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member are installed such that the central axis thereof is in a horizontal direction, and the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member are on the upper side than the central axis.
- the superconducting accelerating tube main body and the reinforcing member may be rotated about the central axis in a direction opposite to the direction from the upper end of the superconducting accelerating tube to the laser beam.
- the molten metal irradiated with the laser beam moves to the upper side by the rotation of the superconducting acceleration tube body and the reinforcing member and solidifies, and does not sag to the irradiation surface irradiated with the laser beam. Welding can be performed well.
- the superconducting acceleration tube manufactured by the welding method in any one of said is provided.
- the quality of a superconducting accelerator can be stabilized by providing the superconducting acceleration tube manufactured by the welding method in any one of said.
- the metal material constituting the superconducting accelerating tube main body and the reinforcing member can be melted at the peak portion of the laser beam.
- a bead with a gentle shape and a small aspect ratio is formed.
- production of a blowhole is suppressed and a partial penetration welding can be performed, without a bead penetrating a superconducting acceleration tube main body, or a convex part being formed in the back side of a superconducting acceleration tube main body.
- the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member can be efficiently welded, and the quality of the manufactured superconducting acceleration tube and superconducting accelerator can be stabilized.
- (A) is a figure which shows an example of the superconducting acceleration tube by 1st embodiment of this invention
- (b) is the sectional view on the AA line of (a).
- (A) is a figure which shows the shape of a defocus beam
- (b) is an enlarged view of the irradiation surface of the defocus beam of (a)
- (c) is an enlarged view of the irradiation surface of a just focus beam.
- (A) is a three-dimensional view showing the energy distribution shape of the irradiation surface of the defocused beam according to the first embodiment
- (b) is a sectional view along the irradiation direction including the peak portion of (a)
- (c) is irradiation. It is an energy distribution map of a surface.
- (A) is a three-dimensional view showing the energy distribution shape of the irradiation surface of the just focus beam
- (b) is a sectional view along the irradiation direction including the peak portion of (a)
- (c) is an energy distribution diagram of the irradiation surface.
- (A) is a figure which shows the penetration shape and keyhole at the time of welding by a defocus beam
- (b) is a figure which shows the penetration shape and keyhole at the time of welding by a just focus beam
- (c) is at the time of welding by a just focus beam
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 4D
- FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG.
- (A) is a three-dimensional view showing the energy distribution shape of the irradiation surface of the defocused beam in another form
- (b) is a sectional view along the irradiation direction including the peak portion of (a)
- (c) is the energy of the irradiation surface.
- It is a distribution map.
- (A) is a three-dimensional view showing the energy distribution shape of the irradiation surface of the defocused beam according to another embodiment
- (b) is a sectional view along the irradiation direction including the peak portion of (a)
- (c) is the irradiation surface.
- It is an energy distribution map. It is a figure which compares the welding state by the defocus beam from which an average output differs.
- (A), (b) is a figure explaining the welding method by 2nd embodiment. It is a figure explaining the welding method by 3rd embodiment.
- a superconducting acceleration tube 1 reinforces a tubular body (superconducting acceleration tube main body) 3 composed of a plurality of half cells 2 joined by welding, and the tubular body 3.
- a strong wheel (reinforcing member) 4 is provided.
- the half cell 2 is obtained by pressing a plate-like superconducting material such as niobium into a bowl shape having an opening at the center.
- the end portions 2a on the small diameter side of the two half cells 2 are joined to form a dumbbell-shaped member 5 (see FIG.
- the tubular body 3 includes a concave iris portion 6 and a convex equator portion 7 on the outer periphery, the axial cross section is corrugated (see FIG. 1A), and the radial cross section is annular (see FIG. 1B). ))).
- the reinforcing wheel 4 is a cylindrical member made of a superconducting material such as niobium and provided so as to cover the iris portion 6, and is intended to reinforce the tubular body 3.
- the strengthening wheel 4 is formed in a cylindrical shape by combining two semicylindrical members, and an axial end portion 4 a is welded in the vicinity of the iris portion 6.
- the strong wheel 4 may have a configuration in which members obtained by dividing a cylinder into three or more in the radial direction are combined. Further, a gap may be provided between members constituting the strengthening wheel 4.
- the superconducting accelerator tube 1 having the above-described configuration is used as a member of a superconducting accelerator (not shown).
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 are welded.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 are joined to the outer peripheral surface of the dumbbell-shaped member 5 with the end 4a of the strong wheel 4 attached thereto.
- the quality of the superconducting accelerator is lowered.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 are welded by partial penetration welding using a laser beam from the outside, and a convex portion is not formed inside the dumbbell-shaped member 5.
- the welding between the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 is laser welding using a beam having an energy density distribution as shown in FIG.
- this beam is referred to as a defocus beam (laser beam) 11, and the defocus beam 11 will be described later.
- the defocused beam 11 is irradiated to one point of the welded portion 8 between the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 and melted, and the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strongened wheel 4 are rotated about the central axis 9 to thereby weld the welded portion. 8 is irradiated with the defocused beam 11 to weld the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 together. Then, a plurality of dumbbell-shaped members 5 to which the strengthening wheels 4 are welded are joined in the axial direction, whereby the superconducting acceleration tube 1 is completed.
- the defocused beam 11 is converted into a beam having an energy density distribution as shown in FIG. 3 by shifting the focus of the laser beam or changing the lens shape as shown in FIGS. It is formed.
- the defocus beam 11 is formed by shifting the focus.
- the defocus beam 11 has a defocus amount of +5 mm when a lens with a focal length of 200 mm is used, and a laser beam diameter ⁇ of about 1.67 mm.
- a beam having an energy distribution as shown in FIG. 4 is used for welding.
- this beam is referred to as a just focus beam (laser beam) 12.
- the just focus beam 12 is a beam formed with a reduced focus as shown in FIG.
- a surface that is irradiated with the defocus beam 11 and is orthogonal to the irradiation direction is referred to as an irradiation surface 13
- a surface that is irradiated with the just focus beam 12 and is orthogonal to the irradiation direction is referred to as an irradiation surface 14, which will be described below.
- the central part has a Gaussian distribution shape with a high energy density E (that is, a bell shape as shown in FIG. 3A).
- the three-dimensional shape is a bell curve as shown in FIG.
- the just focus beam 12 represents the distribution shape of the energy density E on the irradiation surface 14, it is represented in a substantially cylindrical shape with a small difference in the energy density E as shown in FIG. All laser beams have an average output of 4500 W and a speed of 2.0 m / min.
- the diameter of the defocus beam 11 is larger than that of the just focus beam 12, as shown in FIGS.
- the defocus beam 11 has a peak portion 11a with an energy density E at the center, and similarly, the just focus beam 12 has a peak portion 12a with an energy density E at the center.
- peak energy density Emax There is no big difference in the energy density of each peak part 11a, 12a (hereinafter referred to as peak energy density Emax ).
- peak energy density Emax the energy density of the defocus beam 11 gradually decreases from the peak portion 11a toward the outer edge portion 11b, whereas the energy density E of the just focus beam 12 hardly decreases as it moves from the peak portion 12a to 12b.
- the energy density E 50 is the energy density of the outer peripheral portion 11d of the region 11c containing 50% of the energy centered on the peak portion 11a.
- the energy density of the outer peripheral portion 12d of the region 12c containing 50% energy centering on the peak portion 12a out of the total energy is energy density E. 50 .
- the ratio of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max of the defocus beam 11 and the just focus beam 12 is compared.
- the defocus beam 11 has a peak energy density E max of 6.9 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , an energy density E 50 of 5.1 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , and a peak energy density E max. the proportion of the energy density E 50 becomes 73.9% against.
- the ratio of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max of the defocus beam 11 is preferably 75% or less.
- the energy density E 86 of the defocus beam 11 is 2.4 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 . Ratio of energy density E 86 to the peak energy density E max is 34.8%.
- the energy density E 86 is the energy density of the outer peripheral portion of a region including 86% of energy centering on the peak portion 12a out of the total energy.
- the just focus beam 12 has a peak energy density E max of 7.2 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , an energy density E 50 of 6.0 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , and a peak energy density E max with respect to the peak energy density E max .
- the proportion of the energy density E 50 becomes 83.3%.
- the energy density E 86 of the just focus beam 12 is 5.1 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 .
- Ratio of energy density E 86 to the peak energy density E max is 70.8%.
- the peak energy density E max of both the defocus beam 11 and the just focus beam 12 is set to a value of 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 or more, preferably 6.0 ⁇ 10 5 W. / Cm 2 or more.
- the peak energy density E max is set to a value larger than 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , niobium having a melting point of about 2500 ° C. can be melted.
- the peak portion 11a evaporates and melts the metal, and the outer edge portion 11b side maintains the molten state of the metal, but does not further evaporate the metal.
- the keyhole 15 as shown in (a) is gently formed in a wide range.
- the outer edge portion 11b side as well as the peak portion 12a melts the metal, so that a deep keyhole 16 is formed in a narrow range as shown in FIG.
- the side surface 16a on the side and the rear side of the keyhole 16 in the welding direction (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5D) is used.
- the molten metal 17 is likely to move toward the bottom 16 b side of the keyhole 16, and bubbles may enter into the blowhole 18 with this movement. Further, in the welding with the just focus beam 12, since the keyhole 16 is deep, there is a possibility that the bead penetrates the metal or a convex portion is formed on the back side of the welding surface.
- the energy density distribution shape on the irradiation surface 13 is a Gaussian distribution shape, and the ratio of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max is 75% or less. 11 to perform welding. As a result, it is possible to form a bead with a small aspect ratio that can form a gentle keyhole in a wide range compared to welding with the just focus beam 12 having the same average output.
- the defocus beam 11 can sufficiently melt a metal having a high melting point such as niobium because the peak portion 11a has a peak energy density E max of 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 or more.
- the blow hole 18 of the welded portion 8 can be suppressed, and the bead penetrates the dumbbell-shaped member 5 or the dumbbell-shaped member. 5 is not formed on the back side, and partial penetration welding can be performed. Therefore, the superconducting acceleration tube 1 can be manufactured efficiently. This also stabilizes the quality of the superconducting accelerator tube 1 and the superconducting accelerator including the superconducting accelerator tube 1. Further, since the metal can be melted at the peak portion 11a, the energy on the outer edge portion side where the energy density E is lower than that of the peak portion 11a can also be utilized for the melted metal, so that the energy absorption characteristics can be improved. it can.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 made of niobium and the strong wheel 4 are welded with a defocused beam having a different energy density distribution shape from the defocused beam 11 according to the first embodiment, and the peak energy density E max , It confirmed the relationship between the ratio and the welding state of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max.
- the defocus beam 19a shown in FIG. 6 has an average output of 4500 w, a peak energy density E max of 6.6 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , and an energy density E 50 of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 . .
- the ratio of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max is 59.1%, and the ratio of the energy density E 86 to the peak energy density E max is 22.7%.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 can be joined, and a bead penetrates the dumbbell-shaped member 5 or a convex portion is formed on the back side of the dumbbell-shaped member 5. There was nothing.
- the defocus beam 19b shown in FIG. 7 has an average output of 4500 w, a peak energy density E max of 5.7 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , and an energy density E 50 of 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2.
- E86 is 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 .
- the ratio of the energy density E 50 to the peak energy density E max is 52.6%, and the ratio of the energy density E 86 to the peak energy density E max is 21.1%.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 were not melted and could not be joined. This is considered to be because the peak energy density E max is 5.7 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 and the energy density E in the peak portion is insufficient.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 made of niobium and the strong wheel 4 are welded with a defocus beam having an average output different from that of the defocus beam 11 according to the first embodiment, and the peak energy density E max and the peak energy density E are determined. It confirmed the relationship between the ratio and the welding state of the energy density E 50 for max.
- the specimens HS-10, HS-9, and HS-8 shown in FIG. 8 were welded, HS-10 could be welded, but HS-9 and HS-8 could not be welded. From this, it can be seen that, even with defocused beams having different average outputs, if the peak energy density E max is higher than 5.8 ⁇ 10 5 W / cm 2 , depth-controlled partial penetration welding can be performed. .
- the welding method in the welding method according to the second embodiment, laser welding is performed while supplying an inert gas G.
- the inert gas G includes an irradiation surface 13 of the defocused beam 11, front and rear in the welding direction of the irradiation surface 13, a back surface of the irradiation surface 13 inside the tube 3 of the superconducting acceleration tube 1, and a dumbbell-shaped member. 5 and the space 25 between the strong wheels 4.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 are rotated in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
- the welding direction is the reverse direction of the arrow A.
- the inert gas supply means 21 for supplying the inert gas G to the irradiation surface 13 of the defocus beam 11 and the front and rear in the welding direction of the irradiation surface 13 includes defocusing.
- the center nozzle 22 is provided so as to surround the beam 11, the front nozzle 23 is provided in the front in the welding direction of the center nozzle 22, and the rear nozzle 24 is provided in the rear in the welding direction of the center nozzle 22.
- the inert gas supply means 21 is provided at a predetermined distance from the strong wheel 4, and the front surfaces 23 a and 24 a of the front nozzle 23 and the rear nozzle 24 facing the strong wheel 4 have a cylindrical shape of the strong wheel 4. A corresponding curved surface is formed.
- the inert gas G is simultaneously supplied from the center nozzle 22, the front nozzle 23, and the rear nozzle 24.
- the supply of the inert gas G to the space 25 between the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 is performed as follows.
- a partition plate 26 that partitions the space 25 in the circumferential direction is provided in the space 25, and the gas in the space 25 cannot pass through the partition plate 26.
- a discharge port 28 is formed. The supply port 27 and the discharge port 28 are provided close to each other through a partition plate 26.
- the inert gas G When the inert gas G is supplied from the supply port 27 to the space 25, the gas in the space 25 is discharged from the discharge port 28. At this time, since the space 25 is partitioned by the partition plate 26, the supplied inert gas G moves in the circumferential direction in the space 25 and is discharged from the discharge port 28 after filling the space 25. Become. In this embodiment, one partition plate 26 is provided. However, a plurality of partition plates 26 are provided to divide the space 25 between the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 into a plurality of parts and supply them to each. It is good also as a structure which provides the opening 27 and the discharge port 28. FIG.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment is achieved, and the inert gas G is stably supplied to the welded portion 8, whereby the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strengthening wheel are provided. 4 oxidation can be prevented.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 to be welded can be easily replaced, and since the operation is not performed in the chamber, Matching can be performed easily.
- the welding method by 3rd embodiment is demonstrated based on drawing.
- the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 are installed so that the axial direction thereof is the horizontal direction.
- the rotation is performed around the shaft 9 in the direction of arrow A in the figure.
- the irradiation surface 13 of the defocus beam 11 is rotated in the range of 0 ° to 90 ° in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow A in the figure from the upper end 4b of the strong wheel 4 with the axial direction being the horizontal direction.
- 9 is the same height or a position on the upper side of the central axis 9.
- it is set at a position rotated from the upper end 4b of the strong wheel 4 by 5 to 45 ° in the direction opposite to the direction of arrow A in the figure.
- the welding method according to the third embodiment has the same effects as the first embodiment. Then, the molten metal irradiated to the defocus beam 11 moves to the upper side by the rotation of the dumbbell-shaped member 5 and the strong wheel 4 and solidifies, and droops to the irradiation surface 13 to which the defocus beam 11 is irradiated. Therefore, the welding method according to the third embodiment can efficiently perform welding.
- the superconducting acceleration tube 1 and the strong wheel 4 are formed of pure niobium, but may be formed of a metal other than pure niobium or a material containing niobium.
- the inert gas G is supplied to the irradiation surface 13 and the front and back in the welding direction of this irradiation surface 13, it is requested
- the inert gas G may be supplied only to the irradiation surface 13 according to the penetration depth.
- welding may be performed by forming an inert gas atmosphere by another inert gas G supply method.
- the metal material constituting the superconducting accelerating tube main body and the reinforcing member can be melted at the peak portion of the laser beam.
- a bead with a gentle shape and a small aspect ratio is formed.
- production of a blowhole is suppressed and a partial penetration welding can be performed, without a bead penetrating a superconducting acceleration tube main body, or a convex part being formed in the back side of a superconducting acceleration tube main body.
- the superconducting acceleration tube main body and the reinforcing member can be efficiently welded, and the quality of the manufactured superconducting acceleration tube and superconducting accelerator can be stabilized.
Abstract
Description
本願は、2010年2月17日に日本出願された特願2010-032515に基づいて優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
一方、レーザ溶接は、気中での施工が可能であり、このレーザ溶接を超伝導加速管の製造過程に適用することにより製造の効率化が期待できる。
さらに、レーザ溶接は、気中での施工が可能だが、特に酸化しやすいニオブなどを使用する場合、酸化を防止して高品質の溶接施工を行うことが困難であった。
そして、レーザビームは、エネルギー密度の分布形状がガウス分布形状であることにより、超伝導加速管本体と補強部材との溶接部は、キーホールの周面がなだらかな形状となり、アスペクト比の小さいビードが形成される。これにより、溶融した金属内の気泡が浮上して排出されやすくなると共に、溶融した金属が流入してキーホールが崩れ気泡を巻き込むことを防げる。その結果、ブローホールの発生を抑制することができる。
そして、ピーク部で金属を溶融させることできるので、エネルギー密度がピーク部よりも低い外縁部側のエネルギーも金属の溶融に活用させることができるので、エネルギーの吸収特性を向上させることができる。
この場合、形成される超伝導加速管およびこの超伝導加速管を備える超伝導加速器の性能を高めることができる。
この場合、照射面およびその前後ならびに超伝導加速管本体内部の照射面の裏面を不活性ガス雰囲気とすることができるので、超伝導加速管本体および補強部材の酸化を防ぐことができる。また、超伝導加速管本体および補強部材が酸化傾向の大きい金属で形成されていても、これらの酸化を防ぐことができる。
この場合、レーザビームの照射面および照射面の溶接方向の前方、後方ならびに超伝導加速管本体内部の照射面の裏面へ不活性ガスを安定して供給することができる。
この場合、補強部材の内側および超伝導加速管本体の酸化を防ぐことができる。
この場合、供給口から補強部材の内側に供給された不活性ガスは、超伝導加速管本体と補強部材との間の空間を周方向に移動して排出口から排出されるので、超伝導加速管本体と補強部材との間の空間を不活性ガス雰囲気とすることができる。
この場合、レーザビームに照射されて溶融した金属が、超伝導加速管本体および補強部材の回転により上部側に移動すると共に凝固し、レーザビームが照射される照射面へ垂れることがないので、効率よく溶接を行うことができる。
本発明では、上記のいずれかに記載の溶接方法によって製造された超伝導加速管を備えることにより、超伝導加速器の品質を安定させることができる。
まず、第一の実施の形態による超伝導加速管について説明する。
図1(a)、(b)に示すように、超伝導加速管1は、溶接により接合された複数のハーフセル2からなる管体(超伝導加速管本体)3と、管体3を補強する強め輪(補強部材)4とを備えている。
ハーフセル2は、ニオブ等の板状の超伝導材料を中央に開口部を有するように椀状にプレス加工したものである。2つのハーフセル2は、その小径側の端部2aが接合されてダンベル形状部材5(図1(a)参照)を構成し、このダンベル形状部材5が軸方向に複数接合されて管体3が形成される。
管体3は、外周に凹状のアイリス部6と凸状の赤道部7とを備え、軸方向の断面が波形で(図1(a)参照)、径方向の断面が環状(図1(b)参照)である。
強め輪4は、円筒をその径方向に3つ以上に分割した部材が組み合わされた構成としてもよい。また、強め輪4を構成する部材間に隙間が設けられていてもよい。
上述した構成の超伝導加速管1は、超伝導加速器(不図示)の部材として使用される。
まず、板状の純ニオブを中央に開口部を有するように椀状にプレス加工して図1(a)、(b)に示すハーフセル2を形成し、2つのハーフセル2の小径側の端部2aを接合してダンベル形状部材5を形成する。
ダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4とは、ダンベル形状部材5の外周面へ強め輪4の端部4aが付着されて接合されている。
このとき、ダンベル形状部材5の内側に溶接ビードや溶接による凸部が形成されると、超伝導加速器の品質を低下させる。そのため、ダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4との溶接は、外側からのレーザビームによる部分溶け込み溶接とし、さらにダンベル形状部材5の内側に凸部が形成されないようにする。
デフォーカスビーム11をダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4との溶接部8の一点に照射して溶融させ、ダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4を、その中心軸9を中心にして回転させ、溶接部8全体にデフォーカスビーム11を照射してダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4とを溶接する。
そして、強め輪4が溶接された複数のダンベル形状部材5を軸方向に接合して、超伝導加速管1が完成する。
デフォーカスビーム11は、図2(a)、(b)に示すようにレーザビームの焦点をずらしたり、レンズ形状を変えたりすることで、図3に示すようなエネルギー密度の分布を有するビームに形成される。本実施の形態では、焦点をずらしてデフォーカスビーム11を形成している。デフォーカスビーム11は、例えば、デフォーカス量が焦点距離200mmレンズ使用時で+5mmとし、レーザビーム径Φを1.67mm程度とする。
従来、溶接には、図4に示すようなエネルギー分布を有するビームが使用されている。以下、このビームをジャストフォーカスビーム(レーザビーム)12と称する。ジャストフォーカスビーム12は、図2(c)に示すように焦点を絞って形成されるビームである。
ここで、デフォーカスビーム11が照射され、照射方向に直交する面を照射面13とし、ジャストフォーカスビーム12が照射され、照射方向に直交する面を照射面14とし、以下説明する。
いずれのレーザビームも平均出力は4500W、速度は2.0m/minである。
また、デフォーカスビーム11は、中央部にエネルギー密度Eのピーク部11aを有しており、同様にジャストフォーカスビーム12は、中央部にエネルギー密度Eのピーク部12aを有している。各ピーク部11a、12aのエネルギー密度(以下、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxとする)に大差はない。しかし、デフォーカスビーム11はピーク部11aから外縁部11bに向うにつれてエネルギー密度Eがなだらかに減少するのに対して、ジャストフォーカスビーム12はピーク部12aから12bに向うにつれてエネルギー密度Eがほとんど減少しない。
本実施の形態によるデフォーカスビーム11は、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxが6.9×105W/cm2、エネルギー密度E50が5.1×105W/cm2で、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E50の割合は73.9%となる。
なお、デフォーカスビーム11のピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E50の割合は75%以下とすることが好ましい。
また、デフォーカスビーム11のエネルギー密度E86は、2.4×105W/cm2となる。ピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E86の割合は34.8%である。なお、エネルギー密度E86は全エネルギーのうちピーク部12aを中心に86%のエネルギーが含まれる領域の外周部のエネルギー密度である。
また、ジャストフォーカスビーム12のエネルギー密度E86は、5.1×105W/cm2となる。ピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E86の割合は70.8%である。
これに対し、ジャストフォーカスビーム12で溶接を行うと、ピーク部12aと共に外縁部11b側も金属を溶融するため、図5(b)に示すような狭い範囲に深いキーホール16が形成される。
このようなジャストフォーカスビーム12による溶接では、図5(c)、(d)に示すようにキーホール16の溶接方向(図5(d)の矢印の方向)の側方および後方の側面16aの溶融した金属17がキーホール16の底部16b側へ移動しやすく、この移動にともない、気泡が入り込みブローホール18となることがある。
また、ジャストフォーカスビーム12による溶接では、キーホール16が深いため、ビードが金属を貫通したり、溶接面の裏側に凸部が形成されたりする虞がある。
第一の実施の形態による溶接方法によれば、照射面13におけるエネルギー密度の分布形状がガウス分布形状であり、更にピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E50の割合が75%以下のデフォーカスビーム11で溶接を行う。これにより、同じ平均出力のジャストフォーカスビーム12による溶接と比べて、広い範囲になだらかなキーホールを形成できる、アスペクト比の小さいビードを形成することができる。その結果、溶接部8の溶融した金属内の気泡が浮上して排出されやすくなると共にキーホールの側面の溶融した金属が流れて気泡が巻き込まれにくくブローホール18の発生を抑制することができる。
また、アスペクト比の小さいビードが形成され、キーホールを形成するための蒸発反力が小さいので、キーホールおよびビードがダンベル形状部材5を貫通したり、ダンベル形状部材5の裏側に凸部が形成されたりすること無く、部分溶け込み溶接を行うことができる。
また、ピーク部11aで金属を溶融させることできるので、エネルギー密度Eがピーク部11aよりも低い外縁部側のエネルギーも溶融した金属に活用させることができるので、エネルギーの吸収特性を向上させることができる。
図6に示すデフォーカスビーム19aは、平均出力が4500wで、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxが6.6×105W/cm2、エネルギー密度E50が3.9×105W/cm2である。ピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E50の割合は、59.1%、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxに対するエネルギー密度E86の割合は、22.7%である。
このデフォーカスビーム19aによる溶接では、ダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4とを接合することができ、ダンベル形状部材5にビードが貫通したり、ダンベル形状部材5の裏側に凸部が形成されたりすることは無かった。
デフォーカスビーム19bによる溶接では、ダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4が溶融しなく接合できなかった。これは、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxが5.7×105W/cm2であり、ピーク部のエネルギー密度Eが不足したためであると考えられる。
図8に示す試験体HS-10、HS-9、HS-8について溶接を行ったところ、HS-10は溶接できたが、HS-9、HS-8については溶接できなかった。
このことから、平均出力が異なるデフォーカスビームであっても、ピークエネルギー密度Emaxが5.8×105W/cm2より高ければ、深さ制御した部分溶け込み溶接を行うことができることがわかる。
不活性ガスGは、デフォーカスビーム11の照射面13と、この照射面13の溶接方向における前方および後方と、超伝導加速管1の管体3内部の照射面13の裏面と、ダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4との間の空間25とに供給される。
本実施の形態では、ダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4が図9における矢印Aの方向に回転して溶接が行われる。ここで、溶接方向は矢印Aの逆方向となる。
溶接作業時には、センターノズル22、前方ノズル23、後方ノズル24とから同時に不活性ガスGを供給する。
なお、管体3内部の照射面13の裏面のみでなく管体3内部全体を不活性ガス雰囲気として溶接を行ってもよい。
この空間25には、空間25を周方向に区画する仕切り板26が設けられていて、空間25内の気体は仕切り板26を貫通することができない構成である。強め輪4には、仕切り板26に対して周方向一方側で空間25に不活性ガスGが供給される供給口27と、仕切り板26に対して周方向他方側で空間25の空気を排出する排出口28とが形成されている。供給口27と排出口28とは、仕切り板26を介して近設されている。
なお、本実施の形態では、1つの仕切り板26を設けているが、複数の仕切り板26を設けてダンベル形状部材5と強め輪4との間の空間25を複数に分割し、それぞれに供給口27および排出口28を設ける構成としてもよい。
また、チャンバー全体を不活性ガス雰囲気にして溶接を行う方法と比べて、溶接対象であるダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4の入れ替えを容易に行うことができると共に、チャンバー内の作業でないため、位置あわせを容易に行うことができる。
図10に示すように、第三の実施の形態による溶接方法では、ダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4をその軸方向が水平方向となるように設置し、ダンベル形状部材5および強め輪4の中心軸9を中心に図中の矢印Aの方向に回転させて行う。そして、デフォーカスビーム11の照射面13は、軸方向を水平方向とする強め輪4の上端部4bから図中の矢印Aの方向と逆方向に0°~90°の範囲で回転させ中心軸9と同じ高さもしくは中心軸9の上部側の位置とする。好ましくは、強め輪4の上端部4bから図中の矢印Aの方向と逆方向に5~45°回転した位置とする。
例えば、上述した実施の形態では、超伝導加速管1および強め輪4は、純ニオブで形成されているが、純ニオブ以外の金属や、ニオブを含む材料で形成されていてもよい。
また、上述した第二の実施の形態では、不活性ガスGは、照射面13と、この照射面13の溶接方向における前方および後方に供給されているが、溶接速度や溶接部8に要求される溶け込み深さに応じて照射面13のみに不活性ガスGを供給してもよい。また、他の不活性ガスGの供給方法で不活性ガス雰囲気を形成して溶接を行ってもよい。
3 管体(超伝導加速管本体)
4 強め輪(補強部材)
6 アイリス部
8 溶接部
9 中心軸
11 デフォーカスビーム(レーザビーム)
11a ピーク部
11c 領域
11d 外周部
13 照射面
21 不活性ガス供給手段
22 センターノズル
23 前方ノズル
24 後方ノズル
25 空間
26 仕切り板
27 供給口
28 排出口
29 裏面側ノズル
G 不活性ガス
Claims (9)
- 超伝導加速管の製造過程において超伝導加速管本体の外周部に筒状の補強部材をレーザビームで溶接する方法であって、
前記レーザビームは、前記レーザビームが照射される照射面におけるエネルギー密度の分布形状がピーク部を有するガウス分布形状であり、前記ピーク部のエネルギー密度が5.8×105W/cm2以上である溶接方法。 - 前記エネルギー密度の分布形状における全エネルギーのうち前記ピーク部を中心に50%のエネルギーが含まれる領域の外周部のエネルギー密度が、前記ピーク部のエネルギー密度の75%以下である請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記超伝導加速管本体および補強部材はニオブで形成されている請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記照射面と、前記照射面の溶接方向における前方および後方と、前記超伝導加速管本体内部の前記照射面の裏面とに不活性ガスを供給する請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記レーザビームを囲うように設けられたセンターノズルと、前記センターノズルの溶接方向における前方に設けられた前方ノズルと、前記センターノズルの溶接方向における後方に設けられた後方ノズルと、前記超伝導加速管本体内部の前記照射面の裏面に向けて設けられた裏面側ノズルとから前記不活性ガスを供給する請求項4に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記補強部材と前記超伝導加速管本体との間に不活性ガスを供給する請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 超伝導加速管本体と前記補強部材との間には、周方向に空間を区画する仕切り板が設けられていて、前記補強部材には、前記仕切板に対して周方向一方側で前記補強部材の内側に不活性ガスを供給する供給口と、前記仕切板に対して周方向他方側で前記補強部材の内側の気体を排出する排出口とが設けられている請求項6に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記超伝導加速管本体および補強部材をその中心軸が水平方向となるように設置し、前記超伝導加速管本体および補強部材の前記中心軸よりも上部側に前記レーザビームを照射して、前記超伝導加速管本体および補強部材を前記超伝導加速管の上端部から前記レーザビームに向う方向と逆方向に前記中心軸を中心に回転させる請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の溶接方法によって製造された超伝導加速管を備える超伝導加速器。
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JP2010023047A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 薄板のレーザー溶接方法 |
JP2010032515A (ja) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-02-12 | F Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | サンプル管ラックの取扱方法およびその実験室システム |
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US5239157A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-08-24 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Superconducting accelerating tube and a method for manufacturing the same |
JP2713000B2 (ja) | 1992-03-10 | 1998-02-16 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | 制振鋼板のレーザ溶接方法 |
JPH06190575A (ja) | 1992-10-23 | 1994-07-12 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | レーザによる溶接方法および装置 |
JPH08224679A (ja) | 1995-02-22 | 1996-09-03 | Mazda Motor Corp | レーザ溶接方法およびその装置 |
JPH08332582A (ja) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-17 | Toshiba Corp | レーザ溶接方法 |
FR2769167B1 (fr) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-12-17 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Materiau supraconducteur renforce, cavite supraconductrice, et procedes de realisation |
US6229111B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for laser/plasma surface alloying |
JP4267378B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-11 | 2009-05-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 樹脂部材のレーザ溶着方法及びその装置およびレーザ溶着部材 |
US7491909B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-02-17 | Imra America, Inc. | Pulsed laser processing with controlled thermal and physical alterations |
FR2892328B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-21 | 2009-05-08 | Air Liquide | Procede de soudage par faisceau laser avec controle de la formation du capillaire de vapeurs metalliques |
WO2011055373A1 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-12 | The Secretary, Department Of Atomic Energy,Govt.Of India. | Niobium based superconducting radio frequency (scrf) cavities comprising niobium components joined by laser welding; method and apparatus for manufacturing such cavities |
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2010
- 2010-02-17 JP JP2010032515A patent/JP2011167709A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-10 CA CA2785685A patent/CA2785685A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-10 US US13/518,575 patent/US8872446B2/en active Active
- 2011-02-10 WO PCT/JP2011/052875 patent/WO2011102295A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-02-10 EP EP11744582.5A patent/EP2537625B8/en active Active
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JPH03135000A (ja) * | 1989-10-20 | 1991-06-07 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 超伝導加速管 |
JP2000260599A (ja) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | 超電導キャビティ、その製造方法、及び超電導加速器 |
JP3959198B2 (ja) | 1999-03-09 | 2007-08-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 超電導キャビティ、その製造方法、及び超電導加速器 |
JP2010023047A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 薄板のレーザー溶接方法 |
JP2010032515A (ja) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-02-12 | F Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | サンプル管ラックの取扱方法およびその実験室システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2785685A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
EP2537625B8 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
JP2011167709A (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2537625A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
EP2537625A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
US8872446B2 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
EP2537625B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
US20120256563A1 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
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