WO2011077500A1 - 二次電池電極用バインダー - Google Patents
二次電池電極用バインダー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011077500A1 WO2011077500A1 PCT/JP2009/007303 JP2009007303W WO2011077500A1 WO 2011077500 A1 WO2011077500 A1 WO 2011077500A1 JP 2009007303 W JP2009007303 W JP 2009007303W WO 2011077500 A1 WO2011077500 A1 WO 2011077500A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F257/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00
- C08F257/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of aromatic monomers as defined in group C08F12/00 on to polymers of styrene or alkyl-substituted styrenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F285/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to preformed graft polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder for secondary battery electrodes.
- lithium ion secondary batteries are lightweight and have high energy density, their use as a power source for automobiles or houses, including small electronic devices, is being studied.
- a polymer binder is usually used as a binder, and an active material (a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode constituent material) is blended in the polymer binder to prepare an electrode composition.
- the active material is bound to the current collector by coating and drying the electrode composition on the current collector.
- the polymer binder is required to have an adhesive property with an active material, an adhesive property with a current collector, resistance to a polar solvent that is an electrolytic solution, and stability in an electrochemical environment.
- a fluorine-based polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride has been used as such a polymer binder.
- the fluorine-based polymer needs to be dissolved in an organic solvent, but there is a problem that the organic solvent is volatilized when the electrode composition is applied to the current collector and dried.
- the binding force is inferior, it is necessary to blend a large amount of polymer binder in order to obtain a sufficient binding force, and there is a problem that the conductivity of the secondary battery is hindered.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-74461
- a secondary battery having excellent cycleability, storage characteristics, and safety is obtained by using a styrene-butadiene latex having a specific composition and gel content as a polymer binder. It has been proposed.
- JP-A-11-25959 an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer having a specific composition and a glass transition temperature is used as a polymer binder, so that high capacity, discharge characteristics, charge / discharge cycleability, It has been proposed to obtain a secondary battery excellent in safety.
- JP-A-8-250122 Patent Document 3
- a styrene-butadiene latex having a specific range of butadiene content is used as a binder and dried at 50 ° C. or more, so that it has excellent cycleability, storage characteristics, and safety. It has been proposed to obtain a battery electrode.
- JP-A-5-74461 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-25989 JP-A-8-250122
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery having low adhesive strength, capable of forming an electrode coating layer having excellent crease resistance and flexibility, and excellent binding power to a current collector and an active material.
- the object is to provide a binder for an electrode.
- the binder for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention comprises 12.0 to 39.5% by weight of an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer and 1.5% of an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer. 8.5% by weight, 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and 42.0 to 86.4% by weight of monomers copolymerizable therewith It is characterized by containing a copolymer latex obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer composition and having an insoluble content in toluene of 50 to 100% by weight.
- an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and a copolymer thereof can be used.
- a copolymer latex which is obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer composition containing a specific monomer in a specific ratio and has an insoluble content in toluene of 50 to 100% by weight. Therefore, it is excellent in the binding force with the current collector and the active material, it is difficult to stick, it is excellent in workability, and it is possible to form an electrode coating layer excellent in breakage resistance and flexibility.
- the binder for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention comprises an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, and a monomer copolymerizable therewith.
- a copolymer latex obtained by emulsion polymerization of a monomer composition containing a monomer is contained.
- Examples of the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer include 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3 butadiene, 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, Examples thereof include substituted linear conjugated pentadienes, substituted and side chain conjugated hexadienes and the like, and one or more kinds can be used.
- 1,3-butadiene is used.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl esters include, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc., acrylic acid alkyl esters having an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, etc.
- Methacrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, etc.
- Maleic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as dimethyl itaconate, etc.
- Itaconic acid alkyl esters having 1 to 4 alkyl groups such as monomethyl fumarate, monoethyl fumarate, dimethyl fumarate, diethyl fumarate, etc.
- alkyl esters can be mentioned, these can be used singly or in combination.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer include mono- or dicarboxylic acids (anhydrides) such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid. More than one species can be used. Preferably, acrylic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid are used.
- Examples of monomers copolymerizable with these include alkenyl aromatic monomers. Examples thereof include a monomer, a vinyl cyanide monomer, a hydroxyalkyl group-containing unsaturated monomer, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid amide monomer, and one or more of them can be used.
- alkenyl aromatic monomer examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, methyl ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, and the like, and one or more can be used.
- styrene is used.
- vinyl cyanide monomer examples include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, ⁇ -ethylacrylonitrile and the like, and one or more can be used.
- acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are used.
- hydroxyalkyl group-containing unsaturated monomer examples include 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl.
- 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is used.
- Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid amide monomer include acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, and the like, and one or more can be used. .
- acrylamide and methacrylamide are used.
- monomers capable of radical polymerization such as ethylene, propylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride can also be used.
- the monomer composition comprises an aliphatic conjugated diene monomer in an amount of 12.0 to 39.5% by weight, preferably 17 to 39% by weight, and an unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer in an amount of 1.5%. -8.5 wt%, preferably 2-8 wt%, ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, 0.1-10.0 wt%, preferably 0.5-5 wt%, and For example, 42.0 to 86.4% by weight, preferably 48 to 80.5% by weight, of the monomer copolymerizable with these is contained as a residue.
- the binding force with the current collector is lowered, so the binding force of the electrode coating layer is lowered, and 39.5% by weight. If it exceeds 1, the adhesive force of the electrode coating layer increases and the workability decreases.
- the content of the unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester monomer is less than 1.5% by weight, the flexibility of the electrode coating layer decreases, and when it exceeds 8.5% by weight, the resistance of the electrode coating layer is reduced. Breakability is reduced.
- the content of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is less than 0.1% by weight, the stability of the electrode composition and the binding force of the electrode coating layer are reduced, and 10.0% by weight. If it exceeds 1, the viscosity of the copolymer latex increases, and the handleability of the copolymer latex decreases. When the monomer content is outside the range of 42.0 to 86.4% by weight, it becomes difficult to achieve both the binding force and the adhesiveness of the electrode coating layer.
- a copolymer latex is obtained by carrying out emulsion polymerization of the monomer composition in water.
- an emulsifier and a polymerization initiator are added to the monomer composition.
- the emulsifier include anionic groups such as sulfate esters of higher alcohols, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, aliphatic sulfonates, aliphatic carboxylates, and sulfate esters of nonionic surfactants.
- nonionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol alkyl ester type, alkylphenyl ether type, alkyl ether type, etc.
- anionic surfactant is mentioned, More preferably, alkylbenzene sulfonate and alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonate are mentioned.
- the emulsifier is blended in an amount of, for example, 0.05 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition.
- the polymerization initiator is a radical polymerization initiator, for example, a water-soluble polymerization initiator such as potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, such as cumene hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide.
- oil-soluble polymerization initiators such as acetyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide.
- the water-soluble polymerization initiator includes potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate
- the oil-soluble polymerization initiator includes cumene hydroperoxide.
- a reducing agent and a chain transfer agent can be added as needed.
- the reducing agent include ferrous sulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, pyrosulfite, nitrite, nithionate, thiosulfate, formaldehyde sulfonate, benzaldehyde sulfonate, such as L- Examples thereof include carboxylic acids such as ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and salts thereof, for example, reducing sugars such as dextrose and saccharose, and amines such as dimethylaniline and triethanolamine.
- ferrous sulfate, carboxylic acids and salts thereof are used, and more preferably, ferrous sulfate and erythorbic acid are used.
- chain transfer agents include alkyl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, t-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, and n-stearyl mercaptan.
- Mercaptans for example xanthogen compounds such as dimethylxanthogen disulfide, diisopropylxanthogen disulfide, for example terpinolene, for example thiuram compounds such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, for example 2,6-di Phenol compounds such as tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and styrenated phenol, for example, allyl compounds such as allyl alcohol, Halogenated hydrocarbon compounds such as rumethane, dibromomethane, and carbon tetrabromide, for example, vinyl ethers such as ⁇ -benzyloxystyrene, ⁇ -benzyloxyacrylonitrile, ⁇ -benzyloxyacrylamide, such as triphenylethane, pentaphenylethane, Examples thereof include acrolein, metha
- the chain transfer agent is added, for example, in a ratio of 0 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition.
- an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be added as necessary.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon include pentene, hexene, heptene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, 4-methylcyclohexene, 1-methylcyclohexene, and preferably cyclohexene.
- Cyclohexene has a low boiling point and can be easily recovered and reused by, for example, steam distillation after polymerization, and is suitable from the viewpoint of environmental burden.
- additives for example, an anti-aging agent, an antiseptic, a dispersant, a thickener, and the like can be added as necessary.
- an anti-aging agent for example, an anti-aging agent, an antiseptic, a dispersant, a thickener, and the like can be added as necessary.
- it does not specifically limit as a polymerization method Batch polymerization, semibatch polymerization, seed polymerization, etc. can be used.
- the addition method of various components is not particularly limited, and a batch addition method, a divided addition method, a continuous addition method, a power feed method, or the like can be used.
- the monomer composition is emulsion-polymerized, and a copolymer latex in which the obtained copolymer is dispersed in water can be obtained.
- the solid content of the obtained copolymer latex is, for example, 40 to 55% by weight, preferably 47 to 52% by weight.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer in the obtained copolymer latex is, for example, ⁇ 20 to 90 ° C., preferably ⁇ 15 to 70 ° C.
- the insoluble content (gel content) of the obtained copolymer latex in toluene is 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 60 to 99% by weight.
- the number average particle diameter of the copolymer in the obtained copolymer latex is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 50 to 300 nm, preferably 70 to 250 nm.
- the binder for a secondary battery electrode of the present invention is used to form an electrode of a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, or a nickel cadmium battery. And the negative electrode constituent material or the positive electrode active material and the current collector are bound together.
- the composition for battery electrodes is prepared by blending the binder for secondary battery electrodes into the negative electrode constituent material or the positive electrode active material. That is, the composition for negative electrodes used for the negative electrode of a secondary battery is prepared by mix
- the composition for positive electrodes used for the positive electrode of a secondary battery is prepared by mix
- nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery for example, carbon fluoride, graphite, carbon fiber, resin-fired carbon, linear graphite hybrid, coke, pyrolysis gas layer growth carbon , Furfuryl alcohol resin calcined carbon, mesocarbon microbeads, mesophase pitch-based carbon, graphite whiskers, pseudo-isotropic carbon, calcined natural materials, and pulverized conductive carbonaceous materials such as polyacenes
- conductive polymers such as organic semiconductors, polyacetylene, and poly-p-phenylene, and one or more of them can be used.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited, for example, MnO 2, MoO 3, V 2 O 5, V 6 O 13, Fe 2 O 3, transition metal oxides such as Fe 3 O 4, LiCoO 2, LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li X Co Y Sn Z O 2 and other complex oxides containing lithium, LiFePO 4 and other complex metal oxides, for example, transition metals such as TiS 2 , TiS 3 , MoS 3 , and FeS 2
- the sulfide include metal fluorides such as CuF 2 and NiF 2 , and one kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- the solid content of the copolymer latex is, for example, 0.1 to 7 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode constituent material or the positive electrode active material. It is blended so as to be part by weight, preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight. If the solid content of the copolymer latex with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode constituent material or the positive electrode active material is less than 0.1 parts by weight, there is a tendency that good adhesion to a current collector or the like cannot be obtained, and it exceeds 7 parts by weight. When the battery is assembled as a secondary battery, the overvoltage is remarkably increased and the battery characteristics tend to be deteriorated.
- various additives such as a water-soluble thickener, a dispersant, and a stabilizer can be added to the battery electrode composition as necessary.
- the water-soluble thickener include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid (salt), oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein.
- the dispersant include Examples include sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium polyacrylate
- examples of the stabilizer include nonionic and anionic surfactants.
- the water-soluble thickener When a water-soluble thickener is added to the battery electrode composition, for example, the water-soluble thickener is, for example, 0.1% in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode constituent material or the positive electrode active material. It is blended in a proportion of ⁇ 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight.
- the battery electrode composition is applied to a current collector and dried to form an electrode coating layer on the current collector to obtain an electrode sheet.
- Such an electrode sheet is used as a positive electrode plate or a negative electrode plate of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Examples of the current collector include a metal foil such as copper and nickel as the current collector for negative electrode, and examples include a metal foil such as aluminum as the current collector for positive electrode.
- a method for applying the battery electrode composition to the current collector a known method such as a reverse roll method, a comma bar method, a gravure method, an air knife method can be used.
- a warm air dryer, an infrared heater, a far infrared heater, or the like is used. The drying temperature is usually 50 ° C. or higher.
- the electrode has excellent binding power to a current collector and an active material, is difficult to adhere, has excellent workability, and has excellent resistance to breakage and flexibility.
- a coating layer can be formed.
- each monomer in the first stage and t-dodecyl mercaptan in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 and 8 parts of cyclohexene were charged into the polymerization reactor. Separately, each monomer of the second stage in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 was mixed to prepare a monomer mixture. Next, in the polymerization reactor, the internal temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring, and heat generation due to the start of polymerization was confirmed.
- each monomer in the first stage and 4 parts of cyclohexene in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 were charged into the polymerization reactor. Separately, each monomer in the second stage and t-dodecyl mercaptan in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 were mixed to prepare a monomer mixture. Next, in the polymerization reactor, the internal temperature was raised to 65 ° C. while stirring, and heat generation due to the start of polymerization was confirmed.
- the polymerization reactor was then charged with 2 parts of cyclohexene and 0.1 part of ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer. Separately, each monomer in the first stage and t-dodecyl mercaptan in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 were mixed to prepare a monomer mixture. Next, in the polymerization reactor, the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C. while stirring, and heat generation due to the start of polymerization was confirmed.
- each monomer in the first stage and t-dodecyl mercaptan in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 were charged into the polymerization reactor.
- each monomer in the second stage and t-dodecyl mercaptan in the number of monomer charging stages shown in Table 1 were mixed to prepare a monomer mixture.
- 0.06 part of cumene hydroperoxide was added, the internal temperature was raised to 35 ° C., and heat generation due to initiation of polymerization was confirmed.
- the internal temperature was kept at 35 ° C. for 300 minutes from the start of polymerization, and then the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C. from 300 minutes to 360 minutes. While maintaining the internal temperature at 60 ° C. from 360 minutes to 600 minutes, a monomer mixture, 15 parts of pure water, 0.4 part of sodium alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, and 0.3 part of potassium persulfate were continuously added. After maintaining the internal temperature at 60 ° C. from 600 minutes to 750 minutes, the internal temperature was increased to 70 ° C., and the polymerization was continued while maintaining the internal temperature at 70 ° C. from 750 minutes to 990 minutes.
- Comparative Synthesis Example 2 As described in Table 2, a copolymer latex (g) was obtained in the same manner as in (Synthesis Example 3) except that the type and amount of each monomer were changed. Comparative Synthesis Example 3 As described in Table 2, a copolymer latex (h) was obtained in the same manner as in (Synthesis Example 1) except that the type and amount of each monomer were changed.
- Comparative Synthesis Example 4 As described in Table 2, a copolymer latex (i) was obtained in the same manner as in (Synthesis Example 2) except that the type and amount of each monomer were changed. Comparative Synthesis Example 5 As described in Table 2, a copolymer latex (j) was obtained in the same manner as in (Synthesis Example 3) except that the type and amount of each monomer were changed.
- Comparative Synthesis Example 6 As described in Table 2, a copolymer latex (k) was obtained in the same manner as in (Synthesis Example 4) except that the type and amount of each monomer were changed. 2. Measurement of toluene insoluble content (gel content) of copolymer latex Using the latex latex obtained in each synthesis example and each comparative synthesis example, a latex film was produced in an atmosphere at a temperature of 40 ° C and a humidity of 85%. did. About 1 g of the prepared latex film was weighed and placed in 400 ml of toluene to swell and dissolve for 48 hours.
- Electrode sheet performance test (1) Measurement of binding force of electrode coating layer Using a knife on the surface of the electrode sheet of each example and each comparative example, cut from the coating layer to the depth reaching the current collector. Grids having 25 (5 ⁇ 5) squares were formed by placing 6 in each direction at 2 mm intervals. An adhesive tape was attached to the grid and immediately peeled off, and the degree of graphite falling off was visually evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. A: No peeling. ⁇ : 1 to 3 squares peeled off. ⁇ : 4 to 10 squares peeled off. X: 11 or more squares peeled off.
- test piece was pressed with a heat sealer at a pressure of 0.05 MPa for 2 seconds.
- the inner and outer folds of the removed test piece were observed with an optical microscope. The following evaluation was made based on the observation results. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
- X Breaking is observed on the surface of the electrode sheet, and exposure of the current collector is observed at many broken portions.
- the secondary battery electrode binder of the present invention is used as a secondary battery electrode binder for binding an active material (a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode component) to a current collector in an electrode of a secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特開平5-74461号公報(特許文献1)では、特定組成とゲル含量のスチレン-ブタジエンラテックスをポリマーバインダーとして用いることで、サイクル性、保存特性、安全性に優れた二次電池を得ることが提案されている。
また、特開平8-250122号公報(特許文献3)では、特定範囲のブタジエン含量のスチレン-ブタジエンラテックスをバインダーとして用い、50℃以上で乾燥させることで、サイクル性、保存特性、安全性に優れた電池電極を得ることが提案されている。
そこで、本発明の目的は、粘着力が低く、耐折れ割れ性、柔軟性に優れた電極塗工層を形成することができ、集電体や活物質との結着力に優れた二次電池電極用バインダーを提供することにある。
そのため、集電体や活物質との結着力に優れており、粘着しにくく作業性に優れ、耐折れ割れ性、柔軟性に優れた電極塗工層を形成することができる。
脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体としては、例えば、1,3-ブタジエン、2-メチル-1,3-ブタジエン、2,3-ジメチル-1,3ブタジエン、2-クロル-1,3-ブタジエン、置換直鎖共役ペンタジエン類、置換および側鎖共役ヘキサジエン類などが挙げられ、1種または2種以上用いることができる。好ましくは、1,3-ブタジエンが挙げられる。
これら(上記、脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体、不飽和カルボン酸アルキルエステル単量体およびエチレン系不飽和カルボン酸単量体)と共重合可能な単量体としては、例えば、アルケニル芳香族単量体、シアン化ビニル単量体、ヒドロキシアルキル基含有不飽和単量体、不飽和カルボン酸アミド単量体などが挙げられ、1種または2種以上用いることができる。
シアン化ビニル単量体としては、例えば、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、α-クロルアクリロニトリル、α-エチルアクリロニトリルなどが挙げられ、1種または2種以上用いることができる。好ましくは、アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルが挙げられる。
さらに、上記各単量体の他に、例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデンなどのラジカル重合可能な単量体を用いることもできる。
不飽和カルボン酸アルキルエステル単量体の含有量が、1.5重量%未満であると、電極塗工層の柔軟性が低下し、8.5重量%を超過すると、電極塗工層の耐折れ割れ性が低下する。
単量体の含有量が、42.0~86.4重量%の範囲を外れると、電極塗工層の結着力と粘着性との両立が困難になる。
単量体組成物を乳化重合するには、単量体組成物に、乳化剤および重合開始剤を添加する。
乳化剤としては、例えば、高級アルコールの硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルジフェニルエーテルジスルホン酸塩、脂肪族スルホン酸塩、脂肪族カルボン酸塩、非イオン性界面活性剤の硫酸エステル塩などのアニオン性界面活性剤、例えば、ポリエチレングリコールアルキルエステル型、アルキルフェニルエーテル型、アルキルエーテル型などのノニオン性界面活性剤などが挙げられ、1種または2種以上用いられる。好ましくは、アニオン性界面活性剤が挙げられ、より好ましくは、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルジフェニルエーテルスルホン酸塩が挙げられる。
重合開始剤は、ラジカル重合開始剤であって、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウムなどの水溶性重合開始剤、例えば、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、過酸化ベンゾイル、t-ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、アセチルパーオキサイド、ジイソプロピルベンゼンハイドロパーオキサイド、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルハイドロパーオキサイドなどの油溶性重合開始剤が挙げられる。好ましくは、水溶性重合開始剤としては、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過硫酸アンモニウムが挙げられ、油溶性重合開始剤としては、クメンハイドロパーオキサイドが挙げられる。
還元剤としては、例えば、硫酸第一鉄、亜硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩、ピロ亜硫酸塩、亜ニチオン酸塩、ニチオン酸塩、チオ硫酸塩、ホルムアルデヒドスルホン酸塩、ベンズアルデヒドスルホン酸塩、例えば、L-アスコルビン酸、エリソルビン酸、酒石酸、クエン酸などのカルボン酸類およびその塩、例えば、デキストロース、サッカロースなどの還元糖類、例えば、ジメチルアニリン、トリエタノールアミンなどのアミン類が挙げられる。好ましくは、硫酸第一鉄、カルボン酸類およびその塩が挙げられ、より好ましくは、硫酸第一鉄、エリソルビン酸が挙げられる。
また、乳化重合において、必要により、不飽和炭化水素を添加することができる。不飽和炭化水素としては、例えば、ペンテン、ヘキセン、ヘプテン、シクロペンテン、シクロヘキセン、シクロヘプテン、4-メチルシクロヘキセン、1-メチルシクロヘキセンなどが挙げられ、好ましくは、シクロヘキセンが挙げられる。シクロへキセンは、低沸点で重合終了後に水蒸気蒸留などによって回収、再利用しやすく、環境負荷の観点から好適である。
また、重合方法としては、特に限定されず、バッチ重合、セミバッチ重合、シード重合などを用いることができる。また、各種成分の添加方法についても特に制限されるものではなく、一括添加方法、分割添加方法、連続添加方法、パワーフィード法などを用いることができる。
得られた共重合体ラテックスの固形分は、例えば、40~55重量%、好ましくは、47~52重量%である。
また、得られた共重合体ラテックス中の共重合体のガラス転移温度(Tg)は、例えば、-20~90℃、好ましくは、-15~70℃である。
また、得られた共重合体ラテックス中の共重合体の数平均粒子径は、特に制限はないが、例えば、50~300nm、好ましくは、70~250nmである。
具体的には、二次電池電極用バインダーを、負極構成材または正極活物質に配合することにより、電池電極用組成物が調製される。すなわち、二次電池電極用バインダーを負極構成材に配合することにより、二次電池の負極に用いられる負極用組成物が調製される。また、二次電池電極用バインダーを正極活物質に配合することにより、二次電池の正極に用いられる正極用組成物が調製される。
負極構成材または正極活物質100重量部に対する共重合体ラテックスの固形分が、0.1重量部未満では、集電体などに対する良好な接着力が得られない傾向があり、7重量部を超えると、二次電池として組み立てたときに過電圧が著しく上昇し、電池特性を低下させる傾向がある。
電池電極用組成物は、集電体に塗布、乾燥されることにより、集電体上に電極塗工層を形成し、電極シートを得る。そのような電極シートは、リチウムイオン二次電池の正極板または負極板として用いられる。
電池電極用組成物を集電体に塗布する方法としては、リバースロール法、コンマバー法、グラビヤ法、エアーナイフ法などの公知の方法を用いることができ、乾燥には、放置乾燥、送風乾燥機、温風乾燥機、赤外線加熱機、遠赤外線加熱機などが用いられる。乾燥温度は、通常、50℃以上である。
1.共重合体ラテックスの合成
(1)合成例1
耐圧性の重合反応器に、純水120部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム1部、過硫酸カリウム1部を仕込み、十分攪拌した。
別途、表1に示すモノマー投入段数における2段目の各単量体を混合して、モノマー混合物を調製した。
次いで、重合反応器において、攪拌しながら内温を70℃まで昇温させ、重合開始による発熱を確認した。
そして、重合開始から780分以降に、重合添加率が97%を超えたことを確認して、内温を35℃以下に冷却した。
(2)合成例2
耐圧性の重合反応器に、純水90部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.5部、過硫酸カリウム1部を仕込み、十分攪拌した。
別途、表1に示すモノマー投入段数における2段目の各単量体およびt-ドデシルメルカプタンを混合して、モノマー混合物を調製した。
次いで、重合反応器において、攪拌しながら内温を65℃に上昇させ、重合開始による発熱を確認した。
そして、重合開始から780分以降に、重合添加率が97%を超えたことを確認して、重合停止剤を添加し、内温を35℃以下に冷却した。
(3)合成例3
耐圧性の重合反応器に、純水110部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.15部、過硫酸カリウム0.45部を仕込み、十分攪拌した。
別途、表1に示すモノマー投入段数における1段目の各単量体およびt-ドデシルメルカプタンを混合して、モノマー混合物を調製した。
次いで、重合反応器において、攪拌しながら内温を60℃に上昇させ、重合開始による発熱を確認した。
そして、重合開始720分以降に、重合添加率が97%を超えたことを確認して、重合停止剤を添加後、内温を35℃以下に冷却した。
(4)合成例4
耐圧性の重合反応器に、純水130部、アルキルジフェニルエーテルジスルホン酸ナトリウム0.4部、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(花王株式会社製 エマルゲン 109P)1部、硫酸第一鉄0.001部、エリソルビン酸0.08部、エチレンジアミン四酢酸四ナトリウム0.01部を仕込み、十分攪拌した。
別途、表1に示すモノマー投入段数における2段目の各単量体およびt-ドデシルメルカプタンを混合して、モノマー混合物を調製した。
次いで、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド0.06部を添加し、内温35℃に上昇させ、重合開始による発熱を確認した。
アンモニア水を用いて、pHを約7.5に調整した後、水蒸気蒸留により未反応単量体などを除去し、共重合体ラテックス(d)を得た。
(5)合成例5
表1に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例4)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(e)を得た。
(6)各比較合成例
比較合成例1
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例4)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(f)を得た。
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例3)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(g)を得た。
比較合成例3
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例1)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(h)を得た。
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例2)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(i)を得た。
比較合成例5
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例3)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(j)を得た。
表2に記載した通りに、各単量体の種類および量を変更した以外は、(合成例4)と同様にして共重合体ラテックス(k)を得た。
2.共重合体ラテックスのトルエン不溶分(ゲル含有量)の測定
各合成例および各比較合成例で得られた共重合体ラテックスを用いて、温度40℃、湿度85%の雰囲気にてラテックスフィルムを作製した。作製したラテックスフィルムを約1g秤量し、これを400mlのトルエンに入れ48時間膨潤溶解させた。その後、これを300メッシュの金網で濾過し、金網に捕捉されたトルエン不溶分を、乾燥後、秤量した。そして、ラテックスフィルムの重量に対する、トルエン不溶分の乾燥重量の百分率を算出した。結果を表1および表2に示す。
3.電極シートの作製
(1)電極用組成物の作製
導電性炭素質材料として平均粒子径が20μmの天然黒鉛を使用し、天然黒鉛100重量部に対して、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を固形分で2重量部と、各合成例および各比較合成例で得られた共重合体ラテックス3重量部とを、電極用組成物の固形分が40%となるように適量の水を加えて混練し、各実施例および各比較例の電極用組成物を調製した。
(2)電極シートの作製
各実施例および各比較例の電極用組成物を、集電体となる厚さ20μmの銅箔の両面に塗布し、120℃で20分間乾燥後、室温でプレスして、塗工層の厚みが80μm(片面あたり)の電極シートを得た。
4.電極シートの性能試験
(1)電極塗工層の結着力の測定
各実施例および各比較例の電極シートの表面に、ナイフを用いて、塗工層から集電体に達する深さまでの切り込みを、2mm間隔で縦横それぞれ6本入れ、25個(5個×5個)のマス目を有する碁盤目を形成した。この碁盤目に粘着テープを貼着して直ちに引き剥がし、黒鉛の脱落の程度を目視評価した。結果を表3および表4に示す。
◎:剥離なし。
○:1~3個のマス目が剥離。
△:4~10個のマス目が剥離。
×:11個以上のマス目が剥離。
(2)電極塗工層の粘着性の測定
各実施例および各比較例の電極シートを2枚重ね合わせ、卓上プレス機にて50℃で50Kg、5分間プレスした後に手で剥がし、以下の基準で評価した。結果を表3および表4に示す。
◎:簡単に剥がれる。
○:やや抵抗があるがスムーズに剥がれる。
△:かなり抵抗があり、剥がす時に音が生じる。
×:粘着しており剥がすのが困難である。
(3)電極塗工層の耐折れ割れ性の測定
各実施例および各比較例の電極シートを、10cm×5cmの長方形に切り出し、180°に二つ折りにして、5cm四方の試験片を作成した。この試験片を、ヒートシーラーにて、圧力0.05MPaで2秒間、加圧した。取り出した試験片の内側と外側の折り目部分を光学顕微鏡で観察した。その観察結果によって次のように評価した。結果を表3および表4に示す。
◎:折れ割れが無い。
○:電極シート表面に僅かに折れ割れが観察されるが、集電体の露出は観察されない。
△:電極シート表面に折れ割れが観察され、僅かに集電体の露出が観察される。
×:電極シート表面に折れ割れが観察され、多くの折れ割れ部分で集電体の露出が観察される。
(4)電極塗工層の柔軟性の測定
各実施例および各比較例の電極シートを、8cm×2cmの長方形に切り出し、東洋精機株式会社製ハンドロメーターを用い、スリット幅5mmで、電極シートの折り曲げ抵抗力を測定した。結果を表3および表4に示す。
◎:抵抗力が60g未満。
○:抵抗力が60g以上75g未満。
△:抵抗力が75g以上90g未満。
×:抵抗力が90g以上。
Claims (1)
- 脂肪族共役ジエン系単量体12.0~39.5重量%と、
不飽和カルボン酸アルキルエステル単量体1.5~8.5重量%と、
エチレン系不飽和カルボン酸単量体0.1~10.0重量%と、
これらと共重合可能な単量体42.0~86.4重量%と
を含有する単量体組成物を乳化重合して得られ、
トルエンに対する不溶分が50~100重量%である共重合体ラテックスを、含有することを特徴とする、二次電池電極用バインダー。
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JPWO2016080144A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-08-31 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池電極用バインダー組成物 |
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- 2009-12-25 JP JP2010535096A patent/JP5329559B2/ja active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112009005473T5 (de) | 2012-10-31 |
KR101313493B1 (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
TWI440249B (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
DE112009005473B4 (de) | 2022-02-17 |
CN102203990B (zh) | 2014-11-12 |
TW201123594A (en) | 2011-07-01 |
KR20110100133A (ko) | 2011-09-09 |
CN102203990A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
US20120264878A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
JP5329559B2 (ja) | 2013-10-30 |
HK1159317A1 (en) | 2012-07-27 |
JPWO2011077500A1 (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
US9090728B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
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