WO2011046070A1 - 磁束量可変回転電機システム - Google Patents
磁束量可変回転電機システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011046070A1 WO2011046070A1 PCT/JP2010/067725 JP2010067725W WO2011046070A1 WO 2011046070 A1 WO2011046070 A1 WO 2011046070A1 JP 2010067725 W JP2010067725 W JP 2010067725W WO 2011046070 A1 WO2011046070 A1 WO 2011046070A1
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- magnetic
- armature
- magnetization
- magnet
- magnetic flux
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2746—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets arranged with the same polarity, e.g. consequent pole type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
- H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
- H02K21/046—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with rotating permanent magnets and stationary field winding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine system including a generator and a motor having a permanent magnet field.
- Rotating electrical machines such as motors that produce relative rotation with the motor are energy efficient and are widely used on a daily basis with the technological advance of permanent magnets.
- an optimum output is not always obtained in a wide rotational speed range regardless of whether it is used as an electric motor or a generator.
- Another field control method for minimizing energy loss is to irreversibly change the magnetization state of the permanent magnet during the operation of the rotating electrical machine, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-280195, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-048514, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-2008.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine system and a magnetic flux amount control method capable of optimally controlling the output by enabling strong and weak field control while maintaining the stability of the system.
- the rotor has magnetic salient poles alternately magnetized in different directions by permanent magnets whose magnetization is fixed, and a control magnet is arranged inside the magnetic salient pole.
- an exciting coil is disposed so as to excite the rotor collectively, and the magnetization of the control magnet in which the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil flow in the same direction is selectively changed.
- the rotating electrical machine apparatus is configured such that the armature and the rotor are relatively rotatable, and the rotor has one or more magnetic salient poles arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic substance in and / or adjacent to the magnetic salient poles.
- the magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction are magnetized differently by the permanent magnets arranged between the salient poles, and the armature includes one or more magnetic teeth and an armature coil wound around the magnetic teeth.
- a control magnet is disposed inside the magnetic salient pole remote from the armature, and an exciting magnetic path member and an exciting coil are further disposed.
- the magnetic path including the path member, the armature and the control magnet is arranged so as to generate a magnetic flux in a lump, and the magnetization direction length and the coercive force are controlled so that the magnetization state of the control magnet is not changed only by the magnetic flux by the armature coil.
- the rotating electrical machine apparatus is configured such that the magnetizing state of the control magnet in which the exciting magnetic flux by the exciting coil and the magnetic flux by the armature coil flow in the same direction is irreversibly changed.
- the magnetization state of the control magnet is changed in accordance with the output so as to optimize the output of the rotating electrical machine device, and the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil is controlled.
- the output to be optimized includes output torque, braking force and regenerative energy during regenerative braking, power generation voltage, and the like.
- the permanent magnet disposed in the magnetic salient pole and / or between adjacent magnetic salient poles has a coercive force of a size that is difficult to change in magnetization.
- the position in the magnetic salient pole where the control magnet is disposed is a position on the side away from the armature and hardly affected by the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil. Furthermore, the control magnet is not easily changed in magnetization by the magnetic flux normally generated by the armature coil, and the magnetization direction length and resistance are controlled so that the magnetization can be changed by the combined magnetic flux flowing in the same direction from the exciting coil and the armature coil.
- the product of magnetic force is set.
- the excitation magnetic path member is magnetically coupled to the rotor or armature disposed at the ends of the armature and the rotor group, the armature and the rotor of which both ends are alternately arranged with a minute gap between the excitation magnetic path members.
- the member, the rotor, and the armature constitute a closed magnetic circuit, and the exciting coil is arranged to generate a magnetic flux in the closed magnetic circuit.
- Magnetically coupled refers to a state in which two magnetic bodies are directly connected to each other or arranged to face each other with a minute gap.
- the exciting coil can be arranged on the stationary side as a structure that goes around the shaft.
- a rotating electrical machine has a structure in which one or more cylindrical armatures and a rotor face each other through a gap in the radial direction, a structure in which one or more disk-shaped armatures and a rotor face each other through a gap in the axial direction, one or more Any structure such as a structure in which the conical armature and the rotor face each other via a gap is possible.
- Another example of the magnetic path configuration of the exciting magnetic flux is a configuration in which two rotors arranged in the axial direction face the armature.
- the exciting coil is disposed between the two rotors or in the middle of the armature in the axial direction, and generates an exciting magnetic flux in a closed magnetic path constituted by the armature, the first rotor, and the second rotor.
- the exciting magnetic flux is generated in such a manner that the first rotor and the second rotor flow in opposite directions, and the magnetic flux from the armature coil is generated in the circumferentially adjacent magnetic salient poles in the opposite directions.
- the magnetizations of the control magnets that are not aligned in the axial direction are simultaneously changed.
- the control magnet is composed of one or more magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization connected in parallel, or a magnet whose easiness of magnetization, that is, the product of the magnetization direction length and the coercive force changes continuously.
- the purpose of the configuration of the control magnet is to control the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil, and the arrangement of magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization is not limited to one cross section, but is distributed to the entire rotor. .
- the magnet element that magnetizes the magnetic salient pole to the same polarity as the permanent magnet in the vicinity of the magnetic salient pole is the first magnetization, and the magnet element having the first magnetization increases the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil.
- the excitation magnetic flux is concentrated on the control magnet to easily change the magnetization of the control magnet. That is, a conductor is disposed on at least one magnetic pole side of the permanent magnet, and the pulsed magnetic flux is difficult to flow through the permanent magnet due to the eddy current induced in the conductor.
- the conductor is made of a material having excellent conductivity so as to suppress heat generation due to eddy current.
- control the field by superimposing the magnetic flux generated by the current supplied to the exciting coil in addition to the magnetic flux from the control magnet.
- Control magnets having large and small thicknesses are alternately arranged in the magnetic salient poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and a difference is provided in the ease of passage of magnetic flux by the exciting coil.
- a magnetic flux adjustment current that does not cause an irreversible magnetization change in the control magnet is supplied to the excitation coil in each magnetization state of the control magnet, and the induced magnetic flux is superimposed on the magnetic flux from the control magnet to Adjust the amount of magnetic flux that flows.
- the magnetization change of the control magnet is performed intermittently in most cases, and as a result, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is often controlled discretely.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is precisely controlled by superimposing the magnetic flux induced by the excitation coil on the magnetic flux from the control magnet in each magnetization state of the control magnet.
- the rotating electrical machine system is an electric motor if the current to the armature coil is input and the rotational force is output, and is the generator if the current is output from the armature coil by receiving the rotational force.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of an armature and a rotor, and a flow of magnetic flux from an armature coil and an excitation coil for weakening the field.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of an armature and a rotor, and a flow of magnetic flux from an armature coil and an exciting coil for strengthening a field. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 2nd Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. An enlarged sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the strong field are shown. An enlarged cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the field weakening are shown. Fig.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of an armature and a rotor, and a flow of magnetic flux from an armature coil and an excitation coil for weakening the field.
- Fig. 3 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of an armature and a rotor, and a flow of magnetic flux from an armature coil and an exciting coil for strengthening a field.
- 13 (a), 13 (b), 13 (c), and 13 (d) are longitudinal sectional views of a part of the control magnet shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 133 indicate the first magnetization.
- FIG. 13B shows a state where the magnet elements 131 and 132 are in the first magnetization and the magnet element 133 is in the second magnetization.
- FIG. 13C shows a state where the magnet element 131 is in the first magnetization and the magnet elements 132 and 133 are in the second magnetization.
- FIG. 13D shows a state in which the magnet elements 131, 132, 133 are all in the second magnetization.
- It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 3rd Example. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by a 4th Example. It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a perspective view of the rotor of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG.
- (A) is an enlarged sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the strong field
- (b) is an enlarged sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the magnetic flux in the weak field. Shows the flow. It is a perspective view of a rotor, and shows the direction of the magnetic flux from the exciting coil and armature coil supplied for the magnetization change of a control magnet. It is a perspective view of a rotor, and shows the direction of the magnetic flux from the exciting coil and armature coil supplied for the magnetization change of a control magnet. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rotary electric machine by the 5th Example.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing of the armature and rotor of a rotary electric machine shown by FIG. It is a perspective view of the rotor of the rotary electric machine shown by FIG. (A) is an enlarged sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the flow of magnetic flux in the strong field, and (b) is an enlarged sectional view of the armature and the rotor and the magnetic flux in the weak field. Shows the flow. It is a perspective view of a rotor, and shows the direction of the magnetic flux from the exciting coil and armature coil supplied for the magnetization change of a control magnet. It is a block diagram of the rotary electric machine system by a 6th Example.
- the first embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure, and the exciting coil is arranged so as to go around the rotating shaft.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap structure.
- the rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by the housing 12 via a bearing 13, and a first armature, a rotor 17, and a second armature are arranged in this order from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side.
- the rotor 17 is opposed to the first armature and the second armature on the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface, respectively, and numeral 18 is arranged between the surface magnetic pole portion on the outer peripheral side and the surface magnetic pole portion on the inner peripheral side.
- Reference numeral 19 denotes a rotor support.
- the control magnet 18 is disposed in the rotor 17 at a position away from the magnetic teeth in the first armature and the second armature, and the arrow in the control magnet 18 indicates the magnetization direction.
- the first armature and the second armature face the rotor 17 and are fixed to the housing 12.
- the first armature has a magnetic tooth 14 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and an armature coil 16 wound around the magnetic tooth 14, and the second armature is in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b.
- the armature coil 1c wound around the magnetic body tooth 1a and the magnetic body tooth 1a.
- the housing 12 is made of soft iron and corresponds to an exciting magnetic path member.
- the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b are magnetically coupled, and the exciting coil 1d has a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, magnetic teeth 14, Arranged to generate an exciting magnetic flux in a magnetic path including the rotor 17, the magnetic teeth 1a, the cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b, and the housing 12.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along A-A ′ in FIG. 1, and some of the components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship.
- the magnetic salient poles and the permanent magnets are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the surface magnetic pole portion of the rotor 17, and the magnetic salient poles on the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface.
- the magnetic salient poles are aligned in the radial direction.
- Adjacent magnetic salient poles are represented by numerals 21 and 23 on the outer peripheral surface of the surface magnetic pole portion, and adjacent permanent magnets are represented by numerals 26 and 28.
- adjacent magnetic salient poles are represented by numbers 22 and 25 on the inner peripheral surface of the surface magnetic pole portion, and adjacent permanent magnets are represented by numbers 27 and 29.
- the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 aligned in the radial direction, the magnetic salient poles 23 and 25 are magnetized in the same direction, and the magnetic salient poles 21 and 23 aligned in the circumferential direction are formed.
- Adjacent permanent magnets are arranged to have magnetizations in opposite directions so that the salient poles 22 and 25 are magnetized in different directions.
- the permanent magnet 26 and the permanent magnet 27, the permanent magnet 28 and the permanent magnet 29, the permanent magnet 26 and the permanent magnet 28, and the permanent magnet 27 and the permanent magnet 29 have magnetizations in opposite directions.
- Reference numeral 2 a denotes a nonmagnetic material disposed between the permanent magnet 26 and the permanent magnet 27, and between the permanent magnet 28 and the permanent magnet 29.
- a control magnet 18 having radial magnetization is disposed between the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22, and a control magnet 24 having radial magnetization is disposed between the magnetic salient poles 23 and 25.
- the magnetization directions of the control magnets 18 and 24 adjacent in the circumferential direction are set to be opposite to each other.
- the magnetization state of the control magnets 18 and 24 is changed, and the amount of magnetic flux leaking from the rotor 17 to the first armature and the second armature side is controlled.
- the arrows in the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, 29 and the control magnets 18, 24 indicate the magnetization direction.
- the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, and 29 are formed of neodymium magnets having a large coercive force so that they are not easily affected by the armature coils during rotational driving, and the control magnets 18 and 24 are formed of the exciting coil 1d and the armature coils 16 and 1c. It is composed of an alnico magnet having a coercive force of about 110 kA / m and a magnetization direction thickness of 8 mm so that the magnetization can be changed by the combined magnetic flux.
- the first armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 fixed to the housing 12, a plurality of magnetic teeth 14 extending radially from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 15, and an armature coil 16 wound around the magnetic teeth 14. It is composed of
- the second armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b, a plurality of magnetic teeth 1a extending in a radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b, and an armature coil 1c wound around the magnetic teeth 1a.
- 24 armature coils are arranged for the 16 magnetic poles of the rotor.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 2 and explains the flow of magnetic flux in the strong field.
- a dotted line 31 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, and 29 as a representative
- a dotted line 32 represents the magnetic flux from the control magnets 18 and 24 as a representative.
- the magnetic flux 31 from the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, 29 and the magnetic flux 32 from the control magnets 18, 24 flow in the same direction in the magnetic salient poles 21, 23, 22, 25, respectively.
- the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coils 16 and 1c is increased. Therefore, in the control magnet 18, the magnetization in the outer diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization, and the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the second magnetization. In the control magnet 24, the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization and the outer diameter direction. Is equivalent to the second magnetization.
- FIG. 4 shows a state in which the magnetization directions of the control magnets 18 and 24 are opposite to the state shown in FIG.
- the control magnet 18, the permanent magnet 29, the control magnet 24, and the permanent magnet 28 constitute a closed magnetic circuit
- the control magnet 18, the permanent magnet 27, the control magnet 24, and the permanent magnet 26 constitute a closed magnetic circuit and flow toward the armature side.
- the amount of magnetic flux is reduced.
- a dotted line 41 represents the magnetic flux flowing through the closed magnetic path as a representative, and the case of FIG. 4 corresponds to a field weakening state. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, the magnetic pole area, etc. of the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, 29 and the control magnets 18, 24.
- the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil is controlled by controlling the magnetization state of the control magnets 18 and 24 to one of the states shown in FIGS.
- the case of FIG. 3 is a strong field state, and the case of FIG. 4 corresponds to a weak field state.
- the configuration and operation principle for controlling the magnetization state of the control magnets 18 and 24 will be described below.
- a housing 12 corresponding to an exciting magnetic path member magnetically couples a cylindrical magnetic yoke 15 of a first armature and a cylindrical magnetic yoke 1b of a second armature, and an exciting coil 1d
- a part of the housing 12 and the rotating shaft 11 are arranged so as to generate a magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit including the first armature, the rotor, the second armature, and the housing 12.
- the excitation coil 1d is configured to excite the first armature, the rotor, and the second armature at once, and the magnetization change of the control magnets 18 and 24 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 18 so that the field weakening is changed from the state shown in FIG.
- the exciting coil 1d collectively supplies the exciting magnetic flux flowing in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the control magnet 18 to the rotor.
- An exciting magnetic flux indicated by a dotted line 51 flows through the magnetic salient pole 21, the control magnet 18, and the magnetic salient pole 22 in this order, and an exciting magnetic flux indicated by a dotted line 52 is the magnetic salient pole 23, the control magnet 24, and the magnetic salient pole 25. Flow in this order.
- the armature coils 16 and 1c are supplied with currents that generate magnetic fluxes flowing in the same direction as the excitation magnetic flux 51 in the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22. Is done.
- the magnetic flux generated by the armature coils 16 and 1c is representatively shown by dotted lines 53 and 54. Since the magnetic flux 53 flows in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 26 and 28, it is difficult to flow in the permanent magnets 26 and 28, and the magnetic flux 54 flows in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 27 and 29. Is difficult to flow. Therefore, the magnetic flux 53 and the magnetic flux 54 easily flow in the same direction as the exciting magnetic flux 51 in the control magnet 18.
- the exciting magnetic flux 52 and the magnetic fluxes 53 and 54 flow in opposite directions.
- the magnetic fluxes cancel each other, and the magnetic flux flowing through the control magnet 24 is small. Accordingly, the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 1d and the armature coils 16 and 1c is concentrated on the control magnet 18, and the magnetization of the control magnet 18 is reversed.
- Magnetic fluxes 53 and 54 are applied to the rotor from the armature coils 16 and 1c when the rotor is driven to rotate.
- the permanent magnets 26, 27, 28, and 29 have permanent coercive force mainly composed of neodymium magnets. These magnetizations are not affected. Further, the product of the coercive force, which is the ease of magnetization of the control magnets 18 and 24, and the length in the magnetization direction is set to such an extent that the magnetization state is not changed only by the magnetic fluxes 53 and 54 or the magnetic fluxes 51 and 52.
- the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 1d and the armature coils 16 and 1c is concentrated on the control magnet 18, and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 18 is reversed.
- the magnetization of the control magnet 24 is changed.
- the direction of the current supplied to the exciting coil 1d is changed, and the magnetization of the control magnet 24 is changed in the same step as the change of the magnetization of the control magnet 18.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 18 so as to make the field stronger from the state shown in FIG.
- the process of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 18 from the weak field state to the strong field state is somewhat difficult. That is, the magnetic fluxes 16 and 1c from the armature coil are short-circuited by the permanent magnets 26, 28, 27, and 29 disposed between the magnetic salient poles, and it is difficult to concentrate the magnetic flux on the control magnet 18.
- the exciting magnetic flux from the exciting coil 1d and the magnetic flux from the armature coils 16 and 1c are superimposed, and the magnetic flux is concentrated on the control magnet 18 by magnetically saturating the permanent magnets 26, 28, 27, and 29.
- the exciting coil 1d collectively supplies an exciting magnetic flux flowing in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the control magnet 18 to the rotor.
- the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 61 flows in this order through the magnetic salient pole 22, the control magnet 18, and the magnetic salient pole 21, and the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 62 corresponds to the magnetic salient pole 25, the control magnet 24, and the magnetic salient pole 23. Flow in this order.
- the magnetic flux generated by the armature coils 16 and 1c is representatively shown by dotted lines 63 and 64.
- the direction in which the magnetic flux 63 flows is the same as the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 26 and 28 and easily flows in the permanent magnets 26 and 28, and the direction in which the magnetic flux 64 flows is the same as the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 27 and 29. Easy to flow. Therefore, the magnetic fluxes 63 and 64 are not easily concentrated in the control magnet 18.
- the excitation magnetic flux 62 and the magnetic fluxes 63 and 64 flow in opposite directions.
- the magnetic fluxes cancel each other, and the magnetic flux flowing through the control magnet 24 is small. Therefore, the current supplied to the armature coils 16, 1c is increased so that the permanent magnets 26, 28, 27, 29 are magnetically saturated by the magnetic fluxes 63, 64, and the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 1d and the armature coils 16, 1c.
- the control magnet 18 and the magnetization of the control magnet 18 is reversed.
- the magnetization of the control magnet 24 is changed following the change of the magnetization of the control magnet 18.
- the direction of the current supplied to the exciting coil 1d is changed, and the magnetization of the control magnet 24 is changed in the same step as the change of the magnetization of the control magnet 18.
- control magnets 18 and 24 are disposed in the magnetic salient poles adjacent to each other, their magnetization change can be completed in a short time sequentially, but the time required for the magnetization change is the excitation. It depends on the switching time of the current supplied to the coil 1d. Since the exciting magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 1d flows through the housing 12, it is difficult for a narrow pulsed magnetic flux containing a high frequency component to flow. Further, when the number of turns of the exciting coil 1d is increased, the inductance increases, and it takes time to switch the current. By making the number of windings small and forming the inner periphery of the housing 12 with a dust core, it is possible to facilitate the passage of a narrow pulsed magnetic flux, and the magnetization change of the control magnet can be completed in a short time.
- Fig. 3-6 the magnetic flux from each of the permanent magnet, control magnet, armature coil, and excitation coil is represented by different lines for easy understanding. The magnetic flux is superimposed unless magnetic saturation occurs in the magnetic body. These figures are modeled for easy understanding.
- a neodymium magnet In the rotating electrical machine apparatus of this embodiment, it is desirable to use a neodymium magnet because the permanent magnet between the magnetic salient poles is close to the armature.
- the control magnet is arranged at a position far from the armature, and the product of the magnetization direction length and the coercive force is set in a range in which the magnetization can be changed by the combined magnetic flux of the exciting coil and the armature coil.
- Alnico magnets, neodymium magnets, and other magnets can be used as the control magnet, and are selected according to the specifications of the exciting coil and armature coil, and the power supply.
- the configuration of the first embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, and the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet for changing the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil has been described.
- the rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, but the configuration other than that related to the field control is the same as that of a conventional rotating electrical apparatus, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or generator is as follows. Omitted.
- the armature coils having the same phase are simultaneously opposed to the magnetic salient poles 21 and 22 including the control magnet 18 to be reversed in magnetization, but the configuration of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the exciting coil collectively supplies an exciting magnetic flux to the armature and the rotor, and the armature coil controls the flow of the exciting magnetic flux and concentrates the magnetic flux on the control magnet that changes the magnetization.
- the present embodiment has a radial gap structure having two armatures
- an axial gap structure having two armatures may be used.
- the first armature, the rotor, and the second armature are formed in a disk shape and arranged in this order in the axial direction.
- the exciting coil is arranged on the outer peripheral side or inner peripheral side of the rotor so as to go around the rotating shaft.
- the second embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system having a radial gap structure, and the control magnet is configured as a parallel connection of magnet elements having different ease of magnetization.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotary electric machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 71 is rotatably supported by a housing 72 via a bearing 73.
- the armature includes a magnetic tooth 74 extending in a radial direction from a cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 fixed to the housing 72, and an armature coil 76 wound around the magnetic tooth 74.
- the rotor has a surface magnetic pole portion 77, a cylindrical magnetic core 79, and a rotor support 7a, and rotates together with the rotating shaft 71.
- the housing 72 is made of a magnetic material mainly composed of soft iron, and is opposed to both ends of the cylindrical magnetic core 79 via a minute gap.
- the exciting coil 78 is the housing 72, the cylindrical magnetic core 79, the surface magnetic pole portion 77, and the magnetic material.
- the rotating shaft 71 is arranged around the rotating shaft 71 so as to generate an exciting magnetic flux in a magnetic path constituted by the teeth 74 and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line B-B ′ in FIG. 7, and in order to explain the mutual relationship, a part of the constituent parts is numbered.
- the surface magnetic pole portion 77 has a configuration in which a magnetic material is divided in the circumferential direction by a collecting magnet.
- the combination in which the magnet plates 85 and 86 having substantially the same magnetization direction are arranged on both side surfaces of the intermediate magnetic salient pole 83 is a collective magnet that is magnetically equivalent to the magnet. That is, the surface magnetic pole portion 77 of the rotor is configured by alternately arranging magnetic salient poles and collective magnets in the circumferential direction.
- the magnetizing directions of adjacent magnets are reversed so that adjacent magnetic salient poles are magnetized in different directions as magnetic salient pole 81 and magnetic salient pole 82.
- the magnet plates arranged on both sides in the circumferential direction of each of the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 are V-shaped, and the crossing angle of the magnet plates is set to an angle suitable for the magnetic flux barrier.
- Arrows attached to the magnet plates 84, 85, 86, 87 indicate the magnetization directions substantially orthogonal to the plate surfaces of the magnet plates 84, 85, 86, 87.
- a control magnet 88 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the magnetic salient pole 81, and a control magnet 89 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the magnetic salient pole 82. Both of the control magnets 88 and 89 are arranged at positions away from the magnetic material teeth 74, and the arrows in the control magnets 88 and 89 indicate the magnetization direction.
- the magnet plates 84 and 85 and the control magnet 88 magnetize the magnetic salient pole 81 with the same polarity, and the magnet plates 86 and 87 and the control magnet 89 magnetize the magnetic salient pole 82 with the same polarity.
- the collective magnet is constituted by the intermediate magnetic salient pole 83 and the magnet plates 85 and 86, and the nonmagnetic substance 8b is the collective magnet so that the magnetic flux from the exciting coil 78 does not flow to the armature side via the intermediate magnetic salient pole 83. It is arranged on the inner circumference side. Furthermore, the control magnets 88 and 89 are respectively configured as parallel connections of magnet elements having different thicknesses arranged repeatedly in the axial direction, and the configuration is shown in FIG.
- the armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 fixed to the housing 72, a plurality of magnetic teeth 74 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75, and an armature coil 76 wound around the magnetic teeth 74.
- a saturable magnetic coupling portion 8a that is short in the radial direction is arranged between adjacent magnetic material teeth 74 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 74 of the armature.
- the magnetic teeth 74 and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 8a are laminated by punching out a silicon steel plate with a mold, wound with an armature coil 76, and then combined with a cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 composed of a dust core. It is a child.
- the saturable magnetic material coupling portion 8a mechanically connects the adjacent magnetic material teeth 74 to improve the support strength of the magnetic material teeth 74 and suppress unnecessary vibration of the magnetic material teeth 74. Since the length of the saturable magnetic body coupling portion 8a in the radial direction is set to be short and easily magnetically saturated, it is easily saturated by the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 76 or the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet. In this case, the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 76 and the short circuit of the magnetic flux are set to a small amount.
- the saturable magnetic coupling portion 8a When a current is supplied to the armature coil 76, the saturable magnetic coupling portion 8a is magnetically saturated with time and leaks a magnetic flux to the periphery, but the effective magnetic field appears in the magnetically saturated saturable magnetic coupling portion 8a. Since the boundary of the magnetic gap is not clear, the distribution of the magnetic flux that leaks becomes gentle, and the saturable magnetic body coupling portion 8a also contributes to vibration suppression by slowing the time change of the force applied to the magnetic body teeth 74 in this respect as well. .
- control magnets 88 and 89 are further configured as parallel connections of magnet elements having different easiness of magnetization
- FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the control magnet 88 arranged on the magnetic salient pole 81.
- the control magnet 88 is composed of magnet elements 131, 132, and 133 having different lengths in the magnetization direction, and the magnet elements 131, 132, and 133 are repeatedly arranged in this order in the axial direction and connected in parallel by a magnetic material.
- the control magnet 89 has the same configuration and has a magnetization direction opposite to that of the control magnet 88.
- 9, 10, 11, and 12 are cross-sectional views showing an enlarged part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 8, and the flow of magnetic flux will be described using these drawings.
- the armature coil 76 is repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction as armature coils 91, 92, and 93 as U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils, respectively.
- the control magnets 88 and 89 are each composed of three magnet elements, and the three magnet elements can take different magnetization directions. 9 and 10, the magnetization directions of the magnet elements that are superior in number are shown as the magnetization directions of the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the dotted line 94 represents the magnetic flux from the magnet plates 84, 85, 86, 87 as a representative
- the dotted line 95 represents the magnetic flux from the control magnets 88, 89 as a representative.
- the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 are connected to each other by a narrow magnetic body, but the narrow magnetic body is easily magnetically saturated and can be ignored magnetically.
- the state in which the magnetization direction of the control magnet 88 is the inner diameter direction corresponds to the state in which the magnetization directions of two or more magnet elements are the inner diameter direction as shown in FIGS.
- the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization
- the magnetization in the outer diameter direction corresponds to the second magnetization.
- the magnetization in the outer diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization
- the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the second magnetization.
- FIG. 10 shows a state in which the magnetization directions of the control magnets 88 and 89 are reversed from the state shown in FIG.
- the control magnets 88 and 89 and the magnet plates 85 and 86 constitute a closed magnetic circuit
- the control magnets 88 and 89 and the magnet plates 84 and 87 constitute a closed magnetic circuit
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced.
- a dotted line 101 represents the magnetic flux constituting the closed magnetic circuit as a representative, and the case of FIG. 10 corresponds to a field weakening state. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic pole area, etc.
- each magnet element having the magnetization direction of the control magnet 88 as the outer diameter direction is such that the magnetization directions of two or more magnet elements are the outer diameter direction. Equivalent to.
- the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the configuration and operation principle for controlling the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 will be described below.
- the housing 72 corresponding to the exciting magnetic path member is magnetically coupled to the armature cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 and the cylindrical magnetic core 79
- the exciting coil 78 includes the housing 72 and the cylindrical magnetic core 79.
- the magnetic poles 77, the magnetic material teeth 74, and the cylindrical magnetic yoke 75 are arranged to generate an exciting magnetic flux.
- Excitation coils 78 arranged at both ends of the rotor have the same configuration, and any excitation coil 78 excites the surface magnetic pole portion 77 in the same direction.
- This configuration is for supplying a sufficient amount of exciting magnetic flux evenly in a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a long axial length. In the case of a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a short axial length, only one excitation coil 78 is sufficient.
- the exciting coil 78 is configured to excite the armature and the rotor in a lump, and changing the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 88 to the field weakening side.
- the control magnets 88 and 89 are magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction and magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction. Each is shown as a representative.
- Changing the control magnet 88 to the field weakening side changes the control magnet 88 from FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C to the states shown in FIGS. 13B, 13C, and 13D, respectively.
- the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction is increased in the magnet elements constituting the magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux flowing in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 88 by the exciting coil 78 and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 is increased.
- the supplied control magnet 88 is changed in magnetization to the field weakening side.
- the exciting coil 78 collectively supplies the exciting magnetic flux flowing in the outer diameter direction through the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 to the rotor.
- the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 113 flows in the control magnet 88 and the magnetic salient pole 81, and the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 114 flows in the control magnet 89 and the magnetic salient pole 82.
- the magnetic flux generated by the armature coils 91, 92, and 93 is representatively shown as dotted lines 111 and 112.
- the magnetic flux 112 flows through a small magnetic path including the permanent magnets 85 and 86, and the magnetic flux 111 includes a large magnet including the control magnets 88 and 89. The magnetic flux which flows into a magnetic path is shown.
- the direction in which the magnetic fluxes 111 and 112 flow in the magnetic salient pole 81 is the same as the direction in which the exciting magnetic flux 113 flows, and the direction in which the magnetic fluxes 111 and 112 flow in the magnetic salient pole 82 is opposite to the direction in which the exciting magnetic flux 114 flows. is there.
- a current to such an extent that the exciting magnetic flux 114 and the magnetic fluxes 111 and 112 are canceled in the magnetic salient pole 82 is supplied to the armature coils 91, 92, and 93, the magnetic flux flowing through the control magnet 89 becomes almost zero, Magnetic flux is concentrated on the control magnet 88 and the magnetization of the control magnet 88 is reversed.
- magnetic fluxes 111 and 112 are applied to the rotor from the armature coil. Since the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux 111 flows is longer than the magnetic path through which the magnetic flux 112 flows, the amount of the magnetic flux 112 is larger than the amount of the magnetic flux 111. However, although the direction in which the magnetic flux 112 flows is opposite to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets 85 and 86, since the permanent magnets 85 and 86 are composed of neodymium magnets having a large coercive force, their magnetization is not affected.
- the product of the coercive force indicating the ease of magnetization of the control magnets 88 and 89 and the length of the magnetization direction are set so that the magnetization state is not changed only by the magnetic flux 111, so the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 is stable. Maintained.
- the control magnet 88 is composed of magnet elements 131, 132, and 133 that are repeatedly arranged in this order in the axial direction.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing from the magnet plates 84, 85 corresponding to the length of the magnet elements 131, 132, 133 to the armature side is 1.0, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing from each magnet element to the armature side is 0.25.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 81 corresponds to 1.75.
- FIG. 13A when the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is reduced, the armature coils 91, 92, 93, and the exciting coil 78 are reversed so that only the magnetization direction of the magnet element 133 having the smallest magnetization direction length is reversed. Current is supplied. The result is the state shown in FIG. 13B, where the magnetic fluxes from the magnet elements 132 and 133 cancel each other, and the amount of magnetic flux from the control magnet 88 becomes 0.25. The amount of magnetic flux flowing on the child side is 1.25.
- FIG. 13B when the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced, a current that reverses only the magnetization direction of the magnet element 132 and does not affect the magnetization state of the magnet element 131 is generated. 91, 92, 93 and the exciting coil 78 are supplied. The result is the state shown in FIG. 13C, where the magnetic flux from the control magnet 88 is partially offset with the magnetic flux from the magnet plates 84 and 85 and flows to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 81. The amount of magnetic flux is 0.75.
- FIG. 13C when the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced, the armature coils 91, 92, 93 and the exciting coil 78 are reversed so as to reverse the magnetization direction of the magnet element 131 having the longest magnetization direction length. Current is supplied. The result is the state shown in FIG. 13D, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 81 is 0.25.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 88 to the stronger field side.
- the control magnets 88 and 89 are magnet elements having a magnetization in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 88, respectively.
- a magnet element having magnetization in the inner diameter direction is shown as a representative.
- To change the magnetization of the control magnet 88 to the field side is to increase the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction in the magnet elements constituting the control magnet 88.
- the exciting coil 78, the armature coil 91, The magnetic flux flowing in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 88 is supplied by 92 and 93.
- the process of changing the magnetization of the control magnet 88 from the weak field state to the strong field is somewhat difficult. That is, the magnetic flux from the armature coil is short-circuited by the magnet plate arranged between the magnetic salient poles, and it becomes difficult to concentrate the magnetic flux on the control magnet 88.
- the excitation magnetic flux from the excitation coil and the magnetic flux from the armature coil are superimposed, and the magnetic flux is concentrated on the control magnet 88 by magnetically saturating the magnet plate.
- the exciting coil 78 collectively supplies the exciting magnetic flux flowing in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of the control magnet 88 to the rotor.
- the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 123 flows in the magnetic salient pole 81 and the control magnet 88, and the exciting magnetic flux indicated by the dotted line 125 flows in the control magnet 89 and the magnetic salient pole 82.
- a current is supplied to the armature coil 91 so that the magnetic flux flows in the magnetic salient pole 81 in the same direction as the exciting magnetic flux 123.
- a current is supplied to the armature coils 92 and 93 wound around the magnetic body teeth facing the body salient pole 82 so that the magnetic flux flows in the direction opposite to the exciting magnetic flux 125 in the magnetic body salient pole 82.
- the magnetic flux by the armature coils 91, 92, and 93 is representatively shown as dotted lines 121 and 122.
- the magnetic flux 122 flows in a small magnetic path including the permanent magnets 85 and 86, and the magnetic flux 121 is a large including the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the magnetic flux which flows into a magnetic path is shown.
- the direction in which the magnetic fluxes 121 and 122 flow in the magnetic salient pole 81 is the same as the direction in which the exciting magnetic flux 123 flows, and the direction in which the magnetic fluxes 121 and 122 flow in the magnetic salient pole 82 is opposite to the direction in which the exciting magnetic flux 125 flows. is there. Further, since the direction in which the exciting magnetic flux 123 flows is opposite to the direction in which the control magnet 88 is magnetized, a part of the exciting magnetic flux 123 flows through the permanent magnets 85 and 86 and the control magnet 89 as indicated by the dotted line 124.
- the magnetic flux generated by the exciting coil 78 and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 is controlled by the control magnet.
- the magnetization of the control magnet 88 is reversed.
- the relationship between the magnetization state of each magnet element and the amount of flux linkage of the armature coil will be further described with reference to FIG.
- the amount of flux linkage with the armature coil is the smallest, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side through the magnetic salient pole 81 is 0.25. .
- the magnetization direction of the magnet element 132 is reversed, and a current having a magnitude that does not affect the magnetization of the magnet element 131 is generated by the exciting coil 78, the armature coil 91, The magnetization direction of the magnet element 132 is the inner diameter direction.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 81 is 1.25.
- FIG. 13A shows this state, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side via the magnetic salient pole 81 is 1.75.
- control magnet 89 has the same configuration as the control magnet 88, but the magnetization direction of each magnet element is reversed.
- the magnetization state of the control magnet 89 is changed in the same step as the change of the magnetization state of the control magnet 88.
- the magnetic fluxes from the magnet plate, the control magnet, the armature coil, and the exciting coil are represented by different lines for easy understanding.
- the magnetic flux is superimposed unless magnetic saturation occurs in the magnetic body.
- the magnet elements having different lengths in the magnetization direction are arranged in the axial direction, the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil varies in the axial direction, and the back electromotive force and output torque also vary in the axial direction.
- the magnetic flux from the control magnet tends to be dispersed and averaged in the axial direction, and even if the back electromotive force varies in the axial direction, it is averaged in the armature coil.
- the output torque may fluctuate in the axial direction and cause vibration, it can be resolved by reducing the arrangement period of each magnet element magnet.
- control magnet is configured by parallel connection of magnet elements having different magnetization direction lengths.
- magnetization direction length continuously changes
- magnet elements having different coercive forces are connected in parallel are also used as control magnets.
- control magnets instead of arranging the magnet elements in the axial direction, they can be arranged in the circumferential direction in the magnetic salient poles.
- the saturation magnetic flux amount of the permanent magnet is constant, and the relative permeability of the permanent magnet is close to the air gap. It can be a separate member.
- the magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil 78 flows more through the control magnet 88 than the control magnet 89, and the control magnet 88 and the control magnet 89
- the exciting coil 78 By supplying to the exciting coil 78 a magnetic flux adjustment current that does not change the magnetization state, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 76 can be effectively adjusted.
- the current supplied to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 is changed, and the number of magnet elements corresponding to the first magnetization and the second magnetization in the control magnets 88, 89 are changed to change the armature.
- the amount of magnetic flux that flows is controlled.
- the relationship between the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature and the current is set as map data at the design stage.
- map data is set as map data at the design stage.
- the relationship between the magnetization current and the resulting magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 is monitored during the operation of the rotating electrical machine. Information that corrects map data can also be acquired by learning. Although it is difficult to directly grasp the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is estimated with reference to the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 76.
- the amplitude of the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 76 is substantially proportional to the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil 76 and the rotational speed.
- the amount of change in the amplitude of the induced voltage is smaller than the target value as a result of applying current to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization in the control magnets 88, 89
- the configuration of the second embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. 7 to 13, and the principle of changing the magnetization of the control magnet for changing the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil has been described.
- the rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, but the configuration other than that related to the field control is the same as that of a conventional rotating electrical apparatus, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or generator is as follows. Omitted.
- This embodiment is a system that optimizes the output by controlling the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature, and the control as an electric motor system will be described.
- the amount of magnetic flux is controlled to optimally control the rotational force.
- the rotational speed is greater than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is reduced, the armature coils 91, 92, 93, so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 88.
- An electric current is passed through the exciting coil 78 to change the magnetization state of the control magnet 88, and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 and the exciting coil 78 have a current to reduce the number of magnet elements having the magnetization in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 89. To change the magnetization state of the control magnet 89.
- the armature coils 91, 92, 93 are reduced in the control magnet 88 so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction.
- Current is passed through the exciting coil 78 to change the magnetization state of the control magnet 88, and the armature coils 91, 92, 93, and the exciting coil 78 are turned on in order to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 89. To change the magnetization state of the control magnet 89.
- a constant voltage power generation system that controls the generated voltage to be a predetermined voltage by controlling the amount of magnetic flux when the rotating electrical machine is used as a generator will be described.
- the generated voltage is larger than a predetermined value and the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil is reduced, the armature coils 91, 92, 93, so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 88.
- An electric current is passed through the exciting coil 78 to change the magnetization state of the control magnet 88, and the armature coils 91, 92, 93 and the exciting coil 78 have a current to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 89. To change the magnetization state of the control magnet 89.
- the armature coils 91, 92, 93 are reduced in the control magnet 88 so as to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction.
- Current is passed through the exciting coil 78 to change the magnetization state of the control magnet 88, and the armature coils 91, 92, 93, and the exciting coil 78 are turned on in order to reduce the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 89. To change the magnetization state of the control magnet 89.
- a rotating electrical machine system according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the third embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system according to the second embodiment, in which the magnetization state of each control magnet in each magnetic salient pole is individually monitored and the magnetization state of all the control magnets is controlled. is there.
- the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 is irreversibly changed by the current supplied to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil 76, and the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil 76 is changed.
- the second embodiment monitors the change in the amplitude of the induced voltage appearing in the armature coil 76 in order to know whether the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 has been correctly changed, and sets the condition for changing the magnetization state. You can fix it.
- control magnets 88 and 89 are disposed in the respective magnetic salient poles, and their magnetic characteristics are slightly different, and the magnetization states of the control magnets 88 and 89 may be different for each magnetic salient pole. It is difficult to detect the magnetization state of the individual control magnets 88 and 89 by monitoring the induced voltage appearing in the entire armature coil connected in series with the armature coil 76 wound around each magnetic tooth. Control is difficult.
- This embodiment is a system that can cope with the above-mentioned problems, and can detect the magnetization state of the control magnet in each magnetic salient pole and correct the condition for changing the magnetization state.
- the present embodiment has means for monitoring the induced voltage appearing in one armature coil, and sequentially detects the magnetization state of the control magnet in each magnetic salient pole as the rotor rotates. If the change in the magnetization state of the control magnet is different from the target, the current supplied to the armature coil when the magnetization of the control magnet is changed is corrected in units of U phase, V phase, and W phase.
- FIG. 14 is a control block diagram for changing the magnetization state of the control magnet in this embodiment, and the steps of controlling the magnetization state of the control magnet will be described with reference to FIG.
- Reference numeral 141 denotes the rotating electric machine of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7
- reference numeral 142 denotes a control unit
- reference numerals 143, 144, and 145 denote circuits for driving the armature coils 91, 92, and 93
- reference numeral 147 denotes excitation.
- the magnetization state of the control magnet 88 is changed to the field weakening side (increasing the number of magnet elements having magnetization in the outer diameter direction), and the outline of the steps will be further described below with reference to FIG. Is done.
- the exciting coil 78 collectively supplies exciting magnetic fluxes 113 and 114 that flow in the outer diameter direction in the magnetic salient poles 81 and 82 to the rotor.
- the armature coil is arranged so that the magnetic flux flows in the same direction as the exciting magnetic flux 113 in the magnetic salient pole 81 when the magnetic tooth on which the armature coil 91 is arranged faces the magnetic salient pole 81.
- a current is supplied to 91 so that a magnetic flux flows through the armature coils 92 and 93 wound around the magnetic teeth facing the magnetic salient pole 82 in the direction opposite to the excitation magnetic flux 114 in the magnetic salient pole 82.
- the armature coils 91, 92, 93 are supplied with the currents from the drive circuits 143, 144, 145, respectively, and the magnetization state of the control magnet 88 is changed. Subsequently, the magnetization of the control magnet 89 is also changed in the same step.
- the voltage detector 146 detects the instantaneous amplitude of the induced voltage caused by the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the magnetic teeth 74 along with the rotation of the rotor, and together with the output of the rotor position sensor 148. Check the magnetization state of each control magnet. Based on this result, the control unit 142 increases the amplitude of the current applied to the armature coil to change the magnetization state of the control magnet when the amount of change in the amplitude of the induced voltage is smaller than the target value. When the amount of change in the amplitude of the induced voltage appearing in the coil is larger than the target value, the amplitude of the current applied to the armature coil is set to be small in order to change the magnetization state of the control magnet.
- the fourth embodiment is a rotating electrical machine in which two rotors are arranged in the axial direction and face the armature via a radial gap, and an exciting coil is disposed between the two rotors.
- FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 151 is rotatably supported by a housing 152 via a bearing 153.
- the armature includes a magnetic tooth 154 extending in a radial direction from a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 fixed to the housing 152, and an armature coil 156 wound around the magnetic body tooth 154.
- the first rotor has a surface magnetic pole portion 158 and a control magnet 159
- the second rotor has a surface magnetic pole portion 15a and a control magnet 15b
- the two rotors rotate using a cylindrical magnetic core 157 as a common member. It is fixed to the shaft 151.
- the cylindrical magnetic core 157 has a structure in which a cylindrical magnetic core of each rotor and an exciting magnetic path member are integrated, and is configured of a dust core so that magnetic flux easily flows in the axial direction.
- the exciting coil 15c is arranged between the surface magnetic pole portions 158 and 15a corresponding to the two rotors so as to circulate around the cylindrical magnetic core 157, and the cylindrical magnetic core 157, the control magnet 159, the surface magnetic pole portion 158, and the magnetic teeth.
- An exciting magnetic flux is generated in a magnetic path composed of 154, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155, a magnetic tooth 154, a surface magnetic pole portion 15a, and a control magnet 15b.
- a current is supplied to the exciting coil 15c via the brush 15e and the slip ring 15d.
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line C-C ′ in FIG. 15, and some components are numbered for explaining the mutual relationship.
- the surface magnetic pole portion 158 has a configuration in which a cylindrical magnetic substrate is divided in the circumferential direction by a copper plate and a permanent magnet.
- the adjacent magnetic salient poles are representatively shown by reference numerals 161 and 162, and the first magnetic salient poles 161 and the second magnetic salient poles 162 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
- adjacent permanent magnets are represented by reference numerals 163 and 164, and the permanent magnets 163 and 164 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction with circumferential magnetization.
- the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets 163 and 164 are reversed so that the first magnetic salient pole 161 and the second magnetic salient pole 162 are magnetized in different directions.
- the control magnet 159 shown in FIG. 15 is identified as a control magnet 165 disposed on the inner peripheral side of the first magnetic salient pole 161 and a control magnet 166 disposed on the inner peripheral side of the second magnetic salient pole 162. Yes. All of the control magnets 165 and 166 are arranged at positions away from the magnetic teeth 154, and arrows in the control magnets 165 and 166 and in the permanent magnets 163 and 164 indicate the magnetization directions.
- Reference numeral 167 represents copper plates disposed on both sides of the permanent magnets 163 and 164, and reference numeral 168 represents a nonmagnetic material disposed at the permanent magnet end and the control magnet end.
- a space is provided between the copper plate 167 and the permanent magnets 163 and 164 so that the magnetic path of the magnetic material exists, and the thickness of the copper plate 167 is about 0. It is set to 5 millimeters.
- the AC magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 156 generates eddy currents in the copper plate 167, the magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnets 163 and 164 is suppressed, and the DC magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 163 and 164 is the copper plate 167 and the permanent magnet 163. It flows through a magnetic path between 164 or through a copper plate 167.
- the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil diffuses away from the armature surface, and the magnetic field strength decreases.
- the position inside the magnetic salient pole where the control magnet is disposed is a position where the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil when the rotor is driven does not irreversibly affect the magnetization state of the control magnet.
- the armature includes a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 fixed to the housing 152, a magnetic tooth 154 extending in the radial direction from the cylindrical magnetic yoke 155, and an armature coil 156 wound around the magnetic tooth 154.
- a saturable magnetic material coupling portion 169 that is short in the radial direction is disposed between adjacent magnetic material teeth 154 at the tips of the magnetic teeth 154 of the armature.
- the magnetic teeth 154 and the saturable magnetic coupling portion 169 are laminated by punching out a silicon steel plate with a mold, wound with an armature coil 156, and then combined with a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 composed of a dust core. It is a child.
- FIG. 16 shows a magnetic pole configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion 158 corresponding to the first rotor.
- FIG. 17 a perspective view of the entire rotor is shown, the magnetic pole configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion 15a corresponding to the second rotor is described, and the mutual relationship between the surface magnetic pole portions 158 and 15a is described.
- the configuration of the surface magnetic pole part 15a is exactly the same as that of the surface magnetic pole part 158, and the cylindrical magnetic substrate is divided in the circumferential direction by the copper plate 167 and the permanent magnets 173 and 174 having circumferential magnetization, and is magnetized in different polarities.
- the first magnetic salient poles 171 and the second magnetic salient poles 172 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
- control magnet 15b shown in FIG. 15 is arranged as control magnets 175 and 176 on the inner peripheral side of the first magnetic salient pole 171 and the second magnetic salient pole 172, respectively.
- the first magnetic salient pole 161 is magnetized to the S pole by the permanent magnets 163 and 164
- the first magnetic salient pole 171 is magnetized to the S pole by the permanent magnets 173 and 174
- Magnetic salient poles 171 are arranged in the axial direction.
- 18 (a) and 18 (b) are cross-sectional views showing an enlarged part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 16, and the flow of magnetic flux will be described with reference to these drawings.
- the armature coil 156 is repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction as armature coils 181, 182, and 183, respectively, as U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils.
- a dotted line 184 represents the magnetic flux from the permanent magnets 163 and 164
- a dotted line 185 represents the magnetic flux from the control magnets 165 and 166.
- the magnetic salient poles 161 and 162 are connected to each other by a narrow magnetic body, but the narrow magnetic body is easily magnetically saturated and can be ignored magnetically.
- the permanent magnets 163 and 164 and the control magnets 165 and 166 magnetize the first magnetic salient pole 161 to the S pole and the second magnetic salient pole 162 to the N pole.
- FIG. 18B shows a state in which the magnetization directions of the control magnets 165 and 166 are reversed from the state shown in FIG.
- the control magnets 165 and 166 and the permanent magnets 163 and 164 constitute a closed magnetic circuit, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced.
- a dotted line 186 represents the magnetic flux constituting the closed magnetic circuit as a representative, and the case of FIG. 18B corresponds to a field weakening state.
- the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, the magnetic pole area, etc. of the permanent magnets 163 and 164 and the control magnets 165 and 166. As shown in FIGS.
- the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174 are neodymium magnets whose magnetization state is difficult to change, and the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176 are compared with the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174, respectively. It is composed of an alnico magnet that can be easily changed in magnetization, and the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil is controlled by changing the magnetization state of the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176.
- the configuration and operation principle for controlling the magnetization state of the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176 will be described below. As shown in FIG.
- the exciting coil 15c is disposed between the surface magnetic pole portions 158 and 15a so as to circulate around the rotating shaft 151, and has a cylindrical magnetic core 157, a control magnet 159, a surface magnetic pole portion 158, magnetic material teeth 154, and a cylinder. Excitation magnetic flux is generated in a magnetic path constituted by the magnetic yoke 155, the magnetic teeth 154, the surface magnetic pole portion 15a, and the control magnet 15b.
- FIG. 19 shows a case where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 165 is changed to the outer diameter direction and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 176 is changed to the inner diameter direction.
- An exciting current is supplied in advance to the exciting coil 15c so that the exciting magnetic flux flows in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 165 and in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 176.
- Numbers 191, 192, 193, and 194 flow in the first magnetic salient pole 161, the second magnetic salient pole 162, the first magnetic salient pole 171, and the second magnetic salient pole 172, respectively. Indicates the direction of excitation magnetic flux.
- armature coil so that the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil flows in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 165 and in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 176.
- a current is supplied to the armature coils 182 and 183 facing the first magnetic salient pole 161 so that the magnetic flux 195 flows in the outer diameter direction in the first magnetic salient pole 161.
- an electric current is supplied to the armature coil 181 facing the second magnetic salient pole 162 so that the magnetic flux 197 flows in the inner diameter direction in the second magnetic salient pole 162.
- the magnetic flux 195 and the magnetic flux 196 flow in the same direction in the first magnetic salient poles 161 and 171 respectively, and the magnetic flux 197 and the magnetic flux 198 flow in the same direction in the second magnetic salient poles 162 and 172, respectively.
- the magnetic flux 195 by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 191 by the exciting coil flow in the same direction in the first magnetic salient pole 161, and the magnetic flux 198 by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 194 by the exciting coil are the second magnetic salient pole. 172 flows in the same direction.
- the magnetic flux 197 and the exciting magnetic flux 192 flow in the opposite directions in the second magnetic salient pole 162, and the magnetic flux 196 and the exciting magnetic flux 193 flow in the first magnetic salient pole 171 in the opposite directions. Accordingly, since a sufficient magnetic flux does not flow in the second magnetic salient pole 162 and the first magnetic salient pole 171, the magnetization states of the control magnets 166 and 175 are not affected.
- FIG. 20 shows a case where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 166 is changed to the inner diameter direction and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 175 is changed to the outer diameter direction.
- the polarity of the current supplied to the exciting coil 15c is reversed from the case of FIG. 19, and numerals 201, 202, 203, and 204 indicate the directions of the exciting magnetic fluxes flowing in the magnetic salient poles 161, 162, 171, and 172, respectively. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux flow in the same direction in the second magnetic salient pole 162 and in the same direction in the first magnetic salient pole 171. Then, the magnetization direction of the control magnet 166 is changed to the inner diameter direction, and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 175 is changed to the outer diameter direction.
- the magnetization state of the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176 shown in FIG. 18A is changed to the state shown in FIG. 18B, or conversely shown in FIG. 18B.
- the state is changed to the state shown in FIG. Accordingly, the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 156 (181, 182, 183) is controlled.
- the magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil and armature coil also flows to the permanent magnet, It is not easy to concentrate the magnetic flux.
- the copper plate 167 is disposed in the vicinity of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174, the pulsed magnetic flux generated by the armature coil 156 (181, 182 and 183) generates an eddy current and the copper plate 167. Is concentrated on the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176. Therefore, the current supplied to the exciting coil and the armature coil when the magnetization of the control magnets 165, 166, 175, and 176 is changed can be reduced.
- the configuration of the present embodiment has been described above with reference to FIGS. 15 to 20 and has been described with a focus on the step of concentrating the magnetic flux on the control magnet selected for changing the magnetization of the control magnet.
- the rotating electrical machine apparatus shown in this embodiment operates as an electric motor or generator capable of field control, but the configuration other than that related to the field control is the same as that of a conventional rotating electrical apparatus, and the description of the operation as an electric motor or generator is as follows. Omitted.
- a copper plate 167 is arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, 174, and the current supplied to the exciting coil and armature coil necessary for changing the magnetization of the control magnets 165, 166, 175, 176 is small. It was.
- the copper plate 167 also makes it difficult for the AC magnetic flux generated by the armature coil to pass when the rotor is driven to rotate, and the magnetic field strength applied to the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174 can be reduced.
- the thickness of the copper plate 167 and the magnetic path width between the copper plate 167 and the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174 are appropriately set.
- a low coercive force magnet material other than rare earth can be used for the permanent magnets 163, 164, 173, and 174 by setting.
- a fifth embodiment of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- two rotors are arranged in the axial direction, face the armature via a radial gap, and are driven to rotate mainly by reluctance torque. Start-up torque is improved and control during regenerative braking is improved.
- FIG. 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a rotating electrical machine having a radial gap structure, and a rotating shaft 151 is rotatably supported by a housing 152 via a bearing 153.
- the armature includes a magnetic tooth 154 extending in a radial direction from a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155 fixed to the housing 152, and an armature coil 156 wound around the magnetic body tooth 154.
- the first rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 211
- the second rotor has a surface magnetic pole part 212
- the two rotors are fixed to a rotating shaft 151 with a cylindrical magnetic core 216 as a common member.
- Each surface magnetic pole portion has a magnet only on one of the magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction
- FIG. 21 shows a permanent magnet 213 and a control magnet 214.
- the permanent magnets 213 and the control magnets 214 are alternately arranged in the axial direction.
- the cylindrical magnetic core 216 has a structure in which a cylindrical magnetic core of each rotor and an exciting magnetic path member are integrated, and is configured by a dust core so that magnetic flux easily flows in the axial direction.
- the exciting coil 215 is fixed to the armature side so as to go around the rotating shaft 151, and includes a cylindrical magnetic core 216, a surface magnetic pole part 211, a magnetic body tooth 154, a cylindrical magnetic yoke 155, a magnetic body tooth 154, and a surface magnetic pole part 212.
- An exciting magnetic flux is generated in the magnetic path including it.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the armature and the rotor along the line D-D ′ in FIG. 21, and some of the components are numbered to explain the mutual relationship.
- the surface magnetic pole part 211 is comprised with the magnetic body which has a convex part and a recessed part on the surface alternately by the circumferential direction. Adjacent convex portions are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction as first magnetic salient poles 221 and second magnetic salient poles 222.
- Reference numeral 223 denotes a recess.
- a permanent magnet 213 and a control magnet 214 (not shown in FIG.
- the poles 222 are magnetized in different directions.
- Reference numeral 224 indicates a nonmagnetic material disposed at the end of the permanent magnet 213, and an arrow in the permanent magnet 213 indicates the magnetization direction. In the recess 223, the magnetic resistance on the surface of the rotor is large, and the reluctance torque is increased.
- the configuration of the armature is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 shows a magnetic pole configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion 211 corresponding to the first rotor.
- FIG. 23 a perspective view of the entire rotor is shown, the magnetic pole configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion 212 corresponding to the second rotor is described, and the mutual relationship between the surface magnetic pole portions 211 and 212 is described.
- the configuration of the surface magnetic pole portion 212 is substantially the same as that of the surface magnetic pole portion 211, and is composed of a magnetic body having a convex portion and a concave portion in the circumferential direction.
- Adjacent magnetic body salient poles are represented by reference numerals 231 and 232, and the first magnetic body salient poles 231 and the second magnetic body salient poles 232 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
- a permanent magnet 233 (not shown in FIG. 23) and a control magnet 234 are arranged inside the first magnetic salient pole 231 away from the armature, and the first magnetic salient pole 231 and the second magnetic salient pole. 232 are magnetized in different directions.
- the exciting coil 215 is fixed to the armature side so as to go around the rotating shaft 151. In FIG. 2, the exciting coil 215 is provided with the surface magnetic pole so that the positional relationship between the surface magnetic pole portions 211 and 212 and the exciting coil 215 can be easily understood. It is shown between the parts 211 and 212.
- the difference between the surface magnetic pole part 211 and the surface magnetic pole part 212 is the positions of the permanent magnet and the control magnet.
- the first magnetic salient pole 221 is magnetized to the S pole by the permanent magnet 213 and the control magnet 214
- the first magnetic salient pole 231 is magnetized to the S pole by the permanent magnet 233 and the control magnet 234 and has the same kind of polarity.
- One magnetic salient pole 221 and first magnetic salient pole 231 are arranged in the axial direction.
- This embodiment is an extreme configuration example in which the thickness of the permanent magnet and the control magnet arranged on one of the magnetic salient poles adjacent in the circumferential direction is zero, and is linked to the armature coil 156 by the exciting coil 215.
- the amount of magnetic flux can be adjusted. That is, since the saturation magnetic flux amount of the magnet is constant and the relative permeability of the magnet is close to the air gap, the magnetically saturated magnet can be used as a separating member for the bidirectional magnetic flux.
- the exciting magnetic flux is supplied from the exciting coil 215, the first magnetic salient pole 221 and the second magnetic salient pole 232 are directly connected via the cylindrical magnetic core 216, so that the exciting magnetic flux is the first magnetic substance.
- Numbers 235 and 236 indicate the directions of the respective excitation magnetic fluxes that flow to the armature side via the first magnetic salient pole 221 and the second magnetic salient pole 232, and the excitation flux depends on the direction of the current supplied to the excitation coil 215. The direction of 235, 236 is controlled.
- 24 (a) and 24 (b) are cross-sectional views showing an enlarged part of the armature and the rotor shown in FIG. 22, and the flow of magnetic flux will be described with reference to these drawings.
- the armature coil 156 is repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction as armature coils 181, 182, and 183, respectively, as U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase armature coils.
- FIG. 24A a dotted line 241 represents a magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 213 and the control magnet 214 (not shown in FIG. 24).
- FIG. 24B shows a state where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 214 (not shown in FIG. 24) is reversed from the state shown in FIG.
- the magnetic flux 242 from the permanent magnet 213 flows in the axial direction, forms a closed magnetic path with the control magnet 214 not shown in FIG. 24, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing to the armature side is reduced.
- the case of FIG. 24B corresponds to the field weakening state. In this state, the amount of magnetic flux flowing on the armature side is set by the saturation magnetic flux density, magnetic pole area, etc. of the permanent magnet 213 and the control magnet 214.
- the magnetization direction of the control magnet 214 is changed as shown in FIGS. 24 (a), 24 (b), and 23.
- the magnetization direction of the control magnet 234 is set to the inner diameter direction, the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil becomes large.
- the magnetization in the outer diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization
- the magnetization in the inner diameter direction corresponds to the first magnetization.
- the permanent magnets 213 and 233 are made of neodymium magnets whose magnetization state is hardly changed, and the control magnets 214 and 234 are made of alnico magnets whose magnetization state can be changed more easily than the permanent magnets 213 and 233.
- the magnetizing state of the control magnets 214 and 234 is changed by the exciting coil 215 and the armature coil 156 to control the amount of magnetic flux interlinked with the armature coil.
- the configuration and operation principle for controlling the magnetization state of the control magnets 214 and 234 will be described below. As shown in FIG.
- the exciting coil 215 is arranged to circulate around the rotating shaft 151 in the middle of the armature side in the axial direction, and has a cylindrical magnetic core 216 (control magnet 214), surface magnetic pole portion 211, and magnetic teeth 154. , An exciting magnetic flux is generated in a magnetic path formed by the cylindrical magnetic yoke 155, the magnetic material teeth 154, the surface magnetic pole portion 212, and the (control magnet 234).
- FIG. 25 shows a case where the magnetization direction of the control magnet 214 is changed to the inner diameter direction and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 234 is changed to the outer diameter direction.
- An exciting current is supplied in advance to the exciting coil 215 so that the exciting magnetic flux flows in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 234 and in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 214.
- Numbers 251, 252, 253, and 254 flow in the first magnetic salient pole 221, the second magnetic salient pole 222, the first magnetic salient pole 231, and the second magnetic salient pole 232, respectively. Indicates the direction of excitation magnetic flux.
- an electric current is supplied to the armature coil so that the magnetic flux generated by the armature coil flows in the outer diameter direction in the control magnet 234 and in the inner diameter direction in the control magnet 214.
- a current is supplied to the armature coil 181 facing the second magnetic salient pole 222 so that the magnetic flux 257 flows in the inner diameter direction in the second magnetic salient pole 222.
- Current is supplied to the armature coils 182 and 183 facing the first magnetic salient pole 221 so that the magnetic flux 255 flows in the outer diameter direction in the first magnetic salient pole 221.
- the magnetic flux 256 flows in the first magnetic salient pole 231 in the same direction as the magnetic flux 255
- the magnetic flux 258 flows in the second magnetic salient pole 232 in the same direction as the magnetic flux 257.
- the magnetic flux 256 by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 253 by the exciting coil flow in the same direction in the first magnetic salient pole 231, and the magnetic flux 257 by the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 252 by the exciting coil are the second magnetic salient pole. Flows in the same direction in 222.
- the magnetic flux 255 due to the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 251 due to the exciting coil flow in opposite directions within the first magnetic salient pole 221, and the magnetic flux 258 due to the armature coil and the exciting magnetic flux 254 due to the exciting coil are in the second magnetic body projecting.
- the poles 232 flow in opposite directions. Accordingly, a sufficient magnetic flux flows in the first magnetic salient pole 231 and the second magnetic salient pole 222, and the magnetization direction of the control magnet 234 is changed in the outer diameter direction and the control magnet 214 is changed in the inner diameter direction.
- the strong field state shown in FIG. 24A is changed to the weak field state shown in FIG. 24B according to the above steps, or conversely, the state shown in FIG. It is changed to the state shown in a). Accordingly, the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the armature coil 156 (181, 182, 183) is controlled.
- the magnetic flux for changing the magnetization state of the control magnet may flow to the permanent magnet side. is there. In that case, the current supplied to the armature coil and the exciting coil is made sufficiently large so that the permanent magnet is magnetically saturated and sufficient magnetic flux is supplied to the control magnet.
- a conductor plate can be arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet so that the pulsed magnetic flux does not easily flow through the permanent magnet, thereby making it easy to change the magnetization state of the control magnet.
- the present embodiment shows a rotating electrical machine system that rotates by using reluctance torque exclusively. Normally, as shown in FIG. 24B, the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is minimized, and the rotor is driven to rotate. However, since the starting torque is small with only the reluctance torque, the control magnets 214 and 234 are magnetized as shown in FIG. 24A, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased. Further, the exciting coil 215 causes the exciting magnetic flux 235 shown in FIG. , 236 to increase the starting torque.
- the permanent magnet 213 and the control magnet 214 are set to the magnetized state shown in FIG. 24A, the regenerative braking force is controlled by controlling the current supplied to the exciting coil 215, and the energy is efficiently recovered to a low speed. .
- the steps of accumulating magnetic energy and recovering energy are repeated and energy can be recovered.
- energy can be recovered with higher efficiency.
- a rotary electric machine system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the sixth embodiment is a hybrid car system in which the rotating electrical machine system of the second embodiment is incorporated in the front wheels as an in-wheel motor and combined with a front-wheel drive engine.
- a front-wheel drive engine 262 is coupled to a rotary electric machine 261 incorporated in the front wheel via a transmission 263 and a drive shaft 269, and the hybrid car is driven by the engine 262 and the rotary electric machine 261.
- the control device 264 receives the command 26b from the host control device, drives the rotating electric machine 261 as an electric motor via the drive circuit 265, and controls the amount of magnetic flux flowing into the armature via the magnetic flux amount control circuit 266. Further, the control device 264 is configured to receive the command 26 b from the host control device, rectify the generated power appearing on the lead wire 26 c of the armature coil 76 via the rectifier circuit 267, and charge the battery 268.
- the engine 262 When the hybrid car is driven only by the rotating electric machine 261, the engine 262 is disconnected at the transmission 263, and the load on the rotating electric machine 261 is reduced.
- a current is applied to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil 76 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization in the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 is changed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased.
- a current is applied to the excitation coil 78 and the armature coil 76 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the second magnetization in the control magnets 88 and 89, and the control magnets 88 and 89 The magnetization state is changed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced.
- the engine 262 When the hybrid car is driven by the rotating electric machine 261 and the engine 262, the engine 262 is coupled to the drive shaft 269 in the transmission 263, and the hybrid car is driven by both.
- the driving force of the engine 262 has a surplus power, and the battery 268 can be charged using the rotating electrical machine 261 as a generator.
- the generated power appearing on the lead wire 26c of the armature coil 76 is changed to direct current via the rectifier circuit 267, and the battery 268 is charged.
- the control device 264 causes the current to be increased by the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil so as to increase the number of second magnet elements in the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the magnetization state of the control magnets 88 and 89 is changed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is reduced.
- a current is applied to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil 76 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization in the control magnets 88 and 89.
- the magnetization states of 88 and 89 are changed, and the amount of magnetic flux flowing through the armature is increased.
- This embodiment also functions effectively as an energy recovery system when braking a hybrid car.
- the control device 264 supplies current to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil 76 through the magnetic flux amount control circuit 266 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization.
- the control device 264 supplies current to the exciting coil 78 and the armature coil 76 through the magnetic flux amount control circuit 266 so as to increase the number of magnet elements of the first magnetization.
- the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil 76 increases, the electric power that can be extracted is large, and it is temporarily stored in an electric storage system such as an electric double layer capacitor to ensure the braking force and increase the energy recovery. Conventionally, sufficient energy could not be recovered at low speed, but in this embodiment, the amount of magnetic flux linked to the armature coil 76 can be freely controlled, so that energy regeneration can be achieved even at low speed, and braking force can be secured. . Since the rotating electrical machine 261 is a physique used as a drive motor, it can generate a sufficient braking force as a generator for regenerative braking.
- the present embodiment is a rotating electrical machine system used as a generator / motor of a hybrid car, it can of course be used as a rotating electrical machine system in an electric vehicle.
- the engine 262, transmission 263, and drive shaft 269 of the hybrid car are removed in the above embodiment, and the electric vehicle is driven only by the rotating electrical machine system according to the present invention to constitute an energy recovery system during braking.
- the rotating electrical machine system of the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments. These examples show examples of realizing the gist and purpose of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
- the rotary electric machine apparatus having a radial gap structure has been described as an example.
- the rotary electric machine apparatus having an axial gap structure in which a substantially disk-shaped armature and the rotor face each other in the axial direction Further, a rotating electrical machine apparatus having a structure in which the rotor, the armature, and the rotor are opposed in the axial direction in this order is also possible.
- a rotating electrical machine apparatus that realizes the gist of the present invention can be configured by changing combinations of the magnetic pole configuration of the rotor, the configuration of the armature, the configuration of the excitation unit, and the like in the above embodiments.
- the rotating electrical machine system to which the present invention is applied can use the magnet torque and the reluctance torque as in the conventional rotating electrical machine, and can further improve the power generation function and control the power generation function.
- the drive motor Used as a generator / motor system for moving bodies, the drive motor can be used in a range of rotational speeds higher than conventional, and low current and large torque output can be expected. Consumption can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- 回転子は電機子との対向面に於いて周方向に配置された一以上の磁性体突極を有し,磁性体突極内及び或いは隣接する磁性体突極間に配置された永久磁石により周方向に隣接する磁性体突極が互いに異極に磁化され,電機子は回転子との対向面に於いて一以上の磁性体歯と,磁性体歯に巻回された電機子コイルとが周方向に配置され,電機子と回転子とが微小間隙を介して互いに対向し且つ相対的に回転可能に構成された回転電機装置であって,周方向に隣接する前記磁性体突極の少なくとも一方に於いて,電機子との対向面から離れた磁性体突極内部に制御磁石が配置され,更に励磁磁路部材と,励磁コイルとを有し,励磁コイルは励磁磁路部材及び電機子及び回転子を含む磁路に一括して励磁磁束を発生するよう配置され,電機子コイルによる磁束のみによっては前記制御磁石の磁化状態が変更されないように磁化方向長さと抗磁力の積が設定され,励磁コイルによる励磁磁束及び電機子コイルによる磁束が同じ方向に流れる前記制御磁石の磁化状態が不可逆的に変更されるよう構成され,回転電機装置の出力を最適化するよう前記出力に応じて前記制御磁石の磁化状態を変え,電機子コイルと鎖交する磁束量が制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,前記励磁磁路部材の両端は電機子と回転子とが微小間隙を介して交互に並ぶ電機子・回転子群の両端に配置された回転子或いは電機子とそれぞれ磁気的に結合され,励磁コイルは励磁磁路部材と,電機子と,回転子とを含む磁路に一括して磁束を発生するよう配置される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項2記載の回転電機システムに於いて,電機子と回転子とが微小間隙を介して交互に並ぶ電機子・回転子群の端に配置された回転子は磁性体突極が磁性体基板に配置され,前記磁性体基板は励磁磁路部材の一端と磁気的に結合される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項2記載の回転電機システムに於いて,電機子と回転子とが微小間隙を介して交互に並ぶ電機子・回転子群の端に配置された電機子は電機子コイル及び磁性体歯が磁気ヨークに配置され,前記磁気ヨークは励磁磁路部材の一端と磁気的に結合される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項2記載の回転電機システムに於いて,電機子,回転子,電機子が微小間隙を介してこの順で並び,回転子は非磁性体及び或いは永久磁石で磁性体を周方向に区分して形成された複数の磁性体突極を有し,周方向に隣接する磁性体突極は互いに異なる方向に磁化され,制御磁石は前記二つの面のほぼ中間に配置される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,二つの回転子である第一回転子及び第二回転子が軸方向に並んで電機子と径方向に対向するよう配置され,同じ極性に磁化された第一回転子の磁性体突極と第二回転子の磁性体突極とは軸方向に並び,第一回転子及び第二回転子に円筒状磁気コアが配置され,制御磁石は周方向に隣接する少なくとも一方の磁性体突極内部に配置され,前記励磁磁路部材は第一回転子の円筒状磁気コアと第二回転子の円筒状磁気コアとを磁気的に結合するよう配置され,前記励磁コイルは電機子と第一回転子と励磁磁路部材と第二回転子とで構成される磁路に励磁磁束を発生するよう配置される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,制御磁石は磁化方向長さと抗磁力の積が互いに異なる磁石要素を磁性体により並列接続して構成され,前記磁石要素は磁化方向が互いに逆である第一磁化,第二磁化の何れかの磁化を有し,第一磁化を有する磁石要素は永久磁石が磁性体突極を磁化する極性と同じ極性に磁性体突極を磁化する事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,制御磁石内に於いて反転すべき磁化に逆方向に流れる励磁磁束が励磁コイルにより回転子に一括して供給され,反転すべき磁化を有する制御磁石を含む磁性体突極と対向する電機子コイルによって前記磁化方向と逆方向の磁束が発生され,前記制御磁石の磁化状態が変更される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,制御磁石内に於いて反転すべき磁化に逆方向に流れる励磁磁束が励磁コイルにより回転子に一括して供給され,電機子コイルは反転すべき磁化を有する制御磁石を含む磁性体突極内に前記磁化方向と逆方向の磁束を発生すると共に前記磁性体突極に隣接する磁性体突極に前記磁化方向と同方向の磁束を発生するよう電流が供給されて前記制御磁石の磁化状態を変更する事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,制御磁石内に於いて反転すべき磁化に逆方向に流れる励磁磁束が励磁コイルにより回転子に一括して供給され,反転すべき磁化を有する制御磁石を含む磁性体突極と対向する磁性体歯に前記磁化方向と逆方向の磁束を発生すると共に前記磁性体突極に隣接する磁性体突極に対向する磁性体歯に前記磁化方向と同方向の磁束を発生させるよう電機子コイルに電流が供給されて前記制御磁石の磁化状態を変更される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,前記永久磁石の少なくとも一方の磁極と磁性体突極との間には非磁性導体が配置されている事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,磁性体の二つの側面に永久磁石を配置して構成された集合磁石が磁性体突極間に配置され,励磁コイルが発生する励磁磁束が前記磁性体を通過し難いよう前記磁性体に非磁性体が配置される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,磁化方向厚みが相対的に大の制御磁石と磁化方向厚みが相対的に小の制御磁石とが周方向に交互に配置され,磁束調整電流が励磁コイルに供給され,電機子コイルと鎖交する磁束量が調整される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1記載の回転電機システムに於いて,少なくとも一つの電機子コイルに現れる誘起電圧の監視手段が配置され,回転子の回転と共に前記電機子コイルに鎖交する磁束に起因する誘起電圧が監視され,制御磁石の磁化状態の変更後に於いて各制御磁石の磁化に起因して前記電機子コイルに現れる誘起電圧の振幅の変化量が目標値より小の場合は制御磁石の磁化状態の変更の為に励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに加えられる電流の振幅を大にし,各制御磁石の磁化に起因して前記電機子コイルに現れる誘起電圧の振幅の変化量が目標値より大の場合は制御磁石の磁化状態の変更の為に励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに加えられる電流の振幅を小に設定される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1から請求項14記載の何れかの回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,回転力を入力とし,発電電力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,磁性体突極周辺に配置された永久磁石が磁性体突極を磁化する極性と同じ極性に磁性体突極を磁化する磁石要素を第一磁化とし,電機子コイルに誘起される発電電圧が所定の値より大の時に制御装置は第一磁化の磁極面積を減じるよう電流を励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに供給して電機子を流れる磁束量が小とされ,電機子コイルに誘起される発電電圧が所定の値より小の時に制御装置は第一磁化の磁極面積を増すよう電流を励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに供給して電機子を流れる磁束量が大とされ,発電電圧が所定の値に制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1から請求項14記載の何れかの回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,電機子コイルへの供給電流を入力とし,回転力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,磁性体突極周辺に配置された永久磁石が磁性体突極を磁化する極性と同じ極性に磁性体突極を磁化する磁石要素を第一磁化とし,回転速度が所定の値より大で電機子を流れる磁束量を減少させる時に制御装置は第一磁化の磁極面積を減じるよう電流を励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに供給して電機子を流れる磁束量が小とされ,回転速度が所定の値より小で電機子を流れる磁束量を増大させる時に制御装置は第一磁化の磁極面積を増すよう電流を励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに供給して電機子を流れる磁束量が大とされ,回転力が最適に制御される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 請求項1から請求項14記載の何れかの回転電機システムに於いて,さらに制御装置を有し,電機子コイルへの供給電流を入力とし,回転力を出力とする回転電機システムであって,磁性体突極周辺に配置された永久磁石が磁性体突極を磁化する極性と同じ極性に磁性体突極を磁化する磁石要素を第一磁化とし,回転速度を減少させる場合に制御装置は電機子コイルにバッテリーを接続すると共に制御磁石内の第一磁化の磁極面積を増すよう電流を励磁コイル及び電機子コイルに供給して電機子を流れる磁束量を大とし,回転エネルギーが発電電力として取り出される事を特徴とする回転電機システム
- 回転子は電機子との対向面に於いて周方向に配置された一以上の磁性体突極を有し,磁性体突極内及び或いは隣接する磁性体突極間に配置された永久磁石により周方向に隣接する磁性体突極が互いに異極に磁化され,電機子は回転子との対向面に於いて一以上の電機子コイルを周方向に有し,電機子と回転子とが微小間隙を介して互いに対向し且つ相対的に回転可能に構成した回転電機装置の磁束量制御方法であって,周方向に隣接する前記磁性体突極の少なくとも一方に磁化変更可能な制御磁石を配置し,更に電機子と,回転子とを含む磁路に一括して励磁磁束を発生するよう軸を周回する励磁コイルを配置し,電機子コイルによる磁束のみによっては前記制御磁石の磁化状態が変更されないように磁化方向長さと抗磁力の積を設定し,励磁コイルによる励磁磁束及び電機子コイルによる磁束が同じ方向に流れる前記制御磁石のみの磁化状態を不可逆的に変更するよう構成し,前記制御磁石の磁化状態を変え,電機子コイルと鎖交する磁束量を制御する磁束量制御方法
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